Chapter 1: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

7/28/2019 Chapter 1: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

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We lived in the Philippines, our native

land. It is one of more than 180countries in the world. The people who

lived and belong to this country are

called Filipinos. If your parents were

born in this country, and you were alsoborn here, then very likely you are a

Filipino. As a Filipino we should love and

know our country well. Now, in order to

know a country well, we study its historybecause history is the story of a country

and its people.


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Three important parts about knowing a

countrys history:

God = God loves the Filipinos and put

them in a rich and beautiful land.

God also gave the gift of faith to

know him and to serve him. God has

a plan for our land and our people.

God has helped the Filipinos in many

times of natural calamities and socialtroubles. The Bible has promised that

Blessed is the nation whose God is

the Lord (Psalm 33.12)


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Three important parts about knowing a

countrys history:

People = Men, women, and children

who make up the Filipino nation are

very fortunate.

Land = We have one of the mostbeautiful and richest land in the

world. The Philippines is rich in natural

resources like oil, gas, minerals,

farmlands, and forests. If we will takecare of these natural resources, we

will become a very prosperous land.


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THE NAME PHILIPPINES

Ma-yi = This means land of gold,

because they bought gold in

Mindoro. When the Early Chinese

traders visited Mindoro.Maniolas = A Greek mapmaker

named Claudius Ptolemy (90-168 A.D)

called our islands in his ancient map.

Archipelago of St. Lazarus = When

Magellan came in 1521. He called the

Philippines.


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THE PEARL OF THE ORIENT

Sometimes, there are nicknames to a

country, just as people can have

nickname. This was the romantic name

given to our country by the two famouswriters. Juan Delgado in 1751. But the

Filipino who popularized this name was

Dr. Jose P. Rizal, our National Hero, who

wrote it in an article in 1892 and in his

farewell poem before his death in 1896.


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LOCATION

Lies in the Southeast Asia, a little

above the equator, between

latitudes 423N and 2125N and

longitude 116E and 127E.Bounded in the east by the Pacific

Ocean, in the west by the South

China Sea, in the north by the Bashi

Channel, and in the south by the Zulu

and Celebes Sea.


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LOCATION

The northernmost island is Yami, only

240km. from Taiwan, which can be

seen on a clear day. The

southernmost island is in Saluag Isle,about 24km. from Sabah (North

Borneo).


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AREA

According to the Constitution, the national

territory of the Philippines includes: islands,

adjacent seas and submarine areas and

the air space above. The total land area of the Philippines is

300,780 sq. km. or 0.2% of the worlds land

mass.

The land area of the Philippines is biggerthan that of the United Kingdom, almost as

large as Italy, and slightly smaller than

Japan.


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AREA

Having 7,107 islands, it is one of the worlds

largest archipelagos or group of islands.

Luzon, the biggest group of island.

On June 11, 1978, President Marcos signed

Presidential Decree No. 1596, declaring the

Kalayaan (Spratly) islands a part of the

Philippines, to be administered as a

municipality of the Province of Palawan.But this cluster of islands in the South China

Sea is also claimed by Malaysia, Vietnam

and the two Chinas.


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The Philippines is aninverted Y-shapedarchipelago.

Topography means the physical features

of a country. The Philippines is an

inverted Y-shaped archipelago of

numerous islands and islets, coral reefs,abundant rivers, lakes and bays,

mountains and valleys, cool plateaus

and scenic volcanoes.

TOPOGRAPHY


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Manila bay is the largestbay in the Philippines andthe finest harbor in Asia.

Manila bay during sunset.

San Juanico strait is theworlds narrowest strait. It liesbetween Samar and Leyte.


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The Philippine deep (37,732ft.) worlds deepest sea.

Mt. Apo the highestmountain located inMindanao.

There are 132 main rivers. Thelongest river is the CagayanRiver in Luzon.


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There are 59 lakes. Thelargest lake is Laguna debay in Luzon.

Mt. Mayon in Bicol has theworlds perfect cone.

Mt. Mayon erruption.


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Taal volcano in Batangas isthe worlds smallestvolcano.

Taal Volcano

There are four fertile plains. Central Plain,Cagayan Valley in Luzon and Agusan and

Cotabato valleys in Mindanao.

The central plain is the rice granary of the

Philippines.


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Taal Volcano




Philippines.


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Taal Volcano




Philippines.


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CLIMATE

Wet and dry season.

The coldest month is January and

hottest is may.

Dry season from December to May.

Wet season from June to November.


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NATURE CALAMITIES

Typhoona Chinese word meaningstrong wing and heavy rain in English it iscalled storm

Earthquakehappened because of about

103 zones of weakness across the islands. Volcanic eruptionoccasionally brings

destruction and sorrow to the people.

The Philippine sits on the PacificRing of Fire where most naturalcalamities happen.


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Volcanoes:There are 50 volcanoes, 13of which are still active.

Mt. Mayon (Albay, Bicol)

Most famous and scenic of the Philippinevolcanoes.

Nearly perfect cone

More than 30 times eruption since 1616 up

to present February 1, 1814 was the most destructive

eruption, when town of casagwa wasburied and 1200 people died.


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Mt. Taal (Batangas) Smallest volcano

Most unusual volcano, being surroundedby a lake

More than 20 times eruption since 1572 upto present

September 28, 1965 when Taals eruptionkilled 250 and destroyed two barrios.


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Mt. Pinatubo (Zambales) The worst volcanic eruption in history in June 1991 Damaged 6 provinces in central Luzon 1,000,000 people were injured, made homeless or

killed Totally destroyed the American military base at Clark

Pampanga

The volcanic dust covered not only the Luzon area buttravel around the globe

Punched hole in the ozone layer between the earthsatmosphere and the sun

It is believed that the Pinatubo eruption affected

climate around the world


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NATURAL RESOURCES

The natural resources of the country

includes:

Soil

Plant and Animal Life

Fish and Marine Resources

Minerals

Energy sources

Scenic beauties of nature


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Soil:

It is the countrys most important

natural resources because most of

the people earn a living from tillingthe land.

Plant Life:

The country has a rich plant andanimal life. According to agricultural

experts, 8,120 species of plants grow

in the country.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

1,000 varieties of orchids, 1000,

species of rice, and 3,000 species of

trees.

Sampaguita is considered as thequeen of Philippine flowers

Pung-apong is one of the worlds

largest flowers with a diameter of onefoot.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Animal life:

About 850 species of birds are found

in the country.

The biggest bird is the eastern sarus

crane known as tipol in Luzon and

labong in visayas.

The kalaw is known as the clock ofthe mountains by the Spanish

colonizers because it always makes a

loud call at in the mountains..


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NATURAL RESOURCES

carabao or water buffalo is the

most useful of the animals and it is

considered as the farmers best friend.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Forest resources:

The forest lands have a total land area

of 16,633,000 hectares, representing

55% of the total land area.

More than 3,000 species of trees are

found in our forest, 1000 of which are

commercial timber.Narra is the most famous of forest trees

and known as the queen of the

Philippine wood.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Fish and Marine resources:

At least 2,000 species of fish are found

in the waters of the archipelago.

Whale shark is the worlds largest fish

it is about 50 feet in length and weighs

several tons, and was first sighted in

1816 at Mareveles Bay.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

The pygmy goby fish (pandaka

pygmea) about 9.6 millimiters and

tabios about 3 to 4 milimiters, two of

the worlds smallest fish were found in the

Philippines.The worlds rarest and most expensive

shell called glory of the sea and

golden cawrie are both found in our

country.

Pearl of allah worlds largest pearl and

was found by a muslim Filipino diver who

gave it to his datu.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Mineral:

Many metallic and non-metallic

minerals are found in the country.

Metallic minerals-

nickel,copper,iron,gold.

Precious metal-gold and silver

Base metal-copper and nickel, this are

for industry or as construction materials

(limestone, adobe)


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Gold mining-ancient industry of the

people.

Copper mining- also one of the ancient

industries.

Since pre-spanish times, igorots have

been mining copper in the mountain

provinceMankayan- the best known copper

district in the country.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Surigao provinces (norte and sur)

greatest iron-bearing areas, estimated

to reach 1,000,000 tons of deposit.

The country has a tremendous marbledeposit of 600 million tons.


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Energy sources:

Energy (power) is used to supply

electricity to factories, etc.

The Philippines energy needs are

supplied by:

Oil

Hydroelectric power

Bagasse (sugarcane wastes)


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Geothermal energy

Coal

New sources of energy (solar power,

biogas, agro-forestry waste, natural

gas, alcogas and wood).


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NATURAL RESOURCES

Hidden treasures:

Oil and gas discovery in Palawan

2001 discovery of more oil and gas in

Malampaya, Palawan

Palawan find biggest oil and gas field

in the country, and deepest well in the

world, 3,000 meters below sea level.


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Banaue Rice terracesEight wonders of the world. Built more

than 2,000 years ago by the hardyIfugaos.

Manila bay sunset-hailed byauthors and tourist as the mostbeautiful sunset in the world.

Mayon Volcano inBicolandia-nearly perfectcone


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Pagsanjan Falls

Sampalok Lake of San PabloCity

Hidden Valley of Alaminos inLaguna Province


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Pagsanjan Falls




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Pagsanjan Falls




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Matabungkay Beach

Crystal Cave near Baguio City

Hundred islands of LingayenGulf, Pangasinan


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Matabungkay Beach




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Matabungkay Beach




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Montalban Caves in RizalProvince

Salinas Salt Spring in NuevaVizcaya

Salinas Salt Spring


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Salinas Salt Spring



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Salinas Salt Spring


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Maria Cristina Falls in Lanao delNorte

Seven-kilometer UndergroundRiver in Palawan.

Chocolate Hills in Bohol


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Seven-kilometer UndergroundRiver in Palawan.



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Seven-kilometer Underground

River in Palawan.



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Chapter 1: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT