Chapter 1 Section 2 Native American Cultures. Early Societies –Anasazi 1500 B.C. Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners Region) Farmers

Chapter 1 Section 2Chapter 1 Section 2

Native American CulturesNative American Cultures


Early SocietiesEarly Societies– AnasaziAnasazi

1500 B.C.1500 B.C. Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners Region)Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners Region) Farmers were able to do dry land farming of maize, beans and Farmers were able to do dry land farming of maize, beans and

squashsquash Started to use irrigation Started to use irrigation Skilled basket makers and skilled pottersSkilled basket makers and skilled potters Early members of group lived in pit houses dug into the ground, Early members of group lived in pit houses dug into the ground,

then about 750 A.D. they built pueblos made of adobethen about 750 A.D. they built pueblos made of adobe– Pueblos built on top of one another, could house over 1,000 Pueblos built on top of one another, could house over 1,000

peoplepeople


Early SocietiesEarly Societies– AnasaziAnasazi

Also built their houses in canyon walls and had to Also built their houses in canyon walls and had to use ladders to get to them which gave them a great use ladders to get to them which gave them a great defense against foesdefense against foes

Kivas were underground ceremonial chambers at the Kivas were underground ceremonial chambers at the center of communitiescenter of communities

Culture started to disappear by 1300 A.D.Culture started to disappear by 1300 A.D.– Think it was brought on by drought, disease and raids by Think it was brought on by drought, disease and raids by

other groupsother groups



Mound BuildersMound Builders– In the Eastern part of North America, many farming societies In the Eastern part of North America, many farming societies

developed after 1000 B.C.developed after 1000 B.C.– The Hopewell was one of theseThe Hopewell was one of these

Lived along the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri River valleysLived along the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri River valleys Supported society with trade and agricultureSupported society with trade and agriculture

– Mississippian took control after the decline of the Hopewell around Mississippian took control after the decline of the Hopewell around 700 A.D.700 A.D. Largest City around present day St. Louis was Cahokia and had about Largest City around present day St. Louis was Cahokia and had about

30,000 people30,000 people Build hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies and burial. Build hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies and burial.

– Had flat tops with temples built on them.Had flat tops with temples built on them.– Size was great (some as big as 100 feet tall and 16 acres)Size was great (some as big as 100 feet tall and 16 acres)

– Others also built mounds, but mound building society no longer Others also built mounds, but mound building society no longer was around by the 1700’s.was around by the 1700’s.




Native American Cultural AreasNative American Cultural Areas– North and NorthwestNorth and Northwest

Divided into Arctic and Subarctic areaDivided into Arctic and Subarctic area ArcticArctic

– Little plant life Little plant life – Home to Inuit and AleutHome to Inuit and Aleut– Homes were igloos, hide tents and hutsHomes were igloos, hide tents and huts– Both shared same language and both fished and huntedBoth shared same language and both fished and hunted

SubarcticSubarctic– Dogrib and MontagnaisDogrib and Montagnais– Follow seasonal migrations of animals such as deerFollow seasonal migrations of animals such as deer– Shelters made of animals skins or log housesShelters made of animals skins or log houses– Farther south is the Kwakiutl and the Chinook peoplesFarther south is the Kwakiutl and the Chinook peoples

Northwest people carved totems on large polesNorthwest people carved totems on large poles Held feasts called potlatchesHeld feasts called potlatches

Native American CulturesNative American Cultures West and SouthwestWest and Southwest

– CoastalCoastal Food sources were plentiful along Pacific Coast so these groups tended not to farmFood sources were plentiful along Pacific Coast so these groups tended not to farm Large family groupsLarge family groups Tribes included- Hupa, Miwok and YokutsTribes included- Hupa, Miwok and Yokuts

– More than 100 languagesMore than 100 languages

– East of Sierra Nevada MountainsEast of Sierra Nevada Mountains Little rain so groups gathered, trapped and hunted for foodLittle rain so groups gathered, trapped and hunted for food Most groups spoke the same languageMost groups spoke the same language Groups include- Paiute, Shoshone, and UteGroups include- Paiute, Shoshone, and Ute

– SouthwestSouthwest Very dry- irrigated land Very dry- irrigated land Known as Pueblo groupsKnown as Pueblo groups Religion focused on rain and maizeReligion focused on rain and maize Built large housing structures out of AdobeBuilt large housing structures out of Adobe Made fine pottery Made fine pottery Groups included Hopi, ZuniGroups included Hopi, Zuni Apache and Navajo were also groups that supported themselves by raiding the Pueblo Apache and Navajo were also groups that supported themselves by raiding the Pueblo

peoplepeople


Great PlainsGreat Plains– Abundance of wildlife such as deer and buffaloAbundance of wildlife such as deer and buffalo– People of Great plains were nomadic huntersPeople of Great plains were nomadic hunters– Lived in TeepeesLived in Teepees– Some were farmers and settled in villagesSome were farmers and settled in villages

Pawnee and MandanPawnee and Mandan Pawnee were matrilineal or traced ancestry through Pawnee were matrilineal or traced ancestry through

mothersmothers


Northeast and SoutheastNortheast and Southeast– Areas full of resources for food and shelterAreas full of resources for food and shelter– Most groups lived in villages (Cherokee, Creek, SeminoleMost groups lived in villages (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole– Northeast groups such as the Algonquin huntedNortheast groups such as the Algonquin hunted– Many tribes used wampum (string of beads) as a currencyMany tribes used wampum (string of beads) as a currency– Build log homes or longhousesBuild log homes or longhouses– Iroquois created the Iroquois LeagueIroquois created the Iroquois League

Confederation of various groups and fought against non-Iroquois Confederation of various groups and fought against non-Iroquois peoplepeople

Iroquois tribes became some of the most powerful in North AmericaIroquois tribes became some of the most powerful in North America Tribes included Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and SenecaTribes included Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca


Shared BeliefsShared Beliefs– Religion linked to natureReligion linked to nature– Tried to honor spirits everydayTried to honor spirits everyday– Individual ownership only applied to crops, the Individual ownership only applied to crops, the

land was for everyoneland was for everyone– Land preservation for the futureLand preservation for the future– Didn’t want to join together to form political units Didn’t want to join together to form political units

so no large empires ever formed.so no large empires ever formed.

Documents

Chapter 1 Section 2 Native American Cultures. Early Societies –Anasazi 1500 B.C. Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners Region) Farmers