Chapter 11 A.D 570- A.D.1250

ObjectivesDescribe how geography affected the people of the Arabian Peninsula

Explain how Islam BeganIdentify the main beliefs of Islam

Arabian Peninsula Bordered by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red

Sea, and Syrian Desert Mostly desert

Bedouins Arabian Herders that were nomadic Leader referred as Sheikh

Coastal Milder climates to support people & towns Townspeople were traders Mecca is a caravan route across the desert

Made a living as a caravan trader

At age 40, called by Allah to be a

prophet and revealed verses for

Muhammad to recite

Mecca merchant feared teachings of

one god would stop the pilgrimages

Kaaba

Muhammad and follower take a

hijrah to Yathrib

After the move to Yathrib, Muhammad gained

many desert tribe followers

Mecca submitted to the teachings after several

years of war

Muhammad destroyed idols in the Kaaba and

rededicated it to Allah

Through wise policies, tolerance, and force,

many converted to new religion Islam

Based on the idea of only one god…must obey God’s will

Islam translates “submission to God” Qur’an is the holy book of Islam Some basic rule to Islam

Live humble lives, be tolerant & generous, no eating pork or drinking alcohol

Emphasizes the importance of jihad, the struggle to defend the faith

Worship at Mosques no furnishings, images of people , or animals Only mats to kneel on

The profession of faith no god but God Allah Muhammad is the

messenger of God The Five daily Prayers

ritual of washing and prescribed movements

Must face the direction of Mecca

Paying zakat Annual tax to help the poor

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan Eat or drink nothing from dawn to

sunset Reminds them of the importance of

self discipline, dependence on the creator, and feeling of the poor

Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once meet to pray & perform rituals to

remind them of the faith of Abraham

Objectives

Explore how the Muslims

expanded their empire

Explain how the Islamic

community divided

Abu Bakr was given the title caliph,

“successor to the prophet” Brought the Arabic tribes

together & spread Islam northward

Umar Strong leader w/well run

government Conquered non-Muslim

territories

Muslim empire spreads to Syria, Persia, and North

Africa

Arab policy Entered many treaties w/out battle Tolerant toward other religions Accept Islam or pay extra taxes People who refused demands were killed

W/in 100 yrs., Islam spread east to India, west to

North Africa, conquered Mediterranean Sea islands

Infighting over caliph split the Islamic community Mu’awiyah or ‘Ali

Sunni Means “way of the prophet” or “habitual

practice” Agreed to accept Mu’awiyah Believed that agreement among Muslim

people should settle religious matters Shi‛ah

Believed that Ali’s descendants (imams) should decide religious and worldly matters

Sufi

Muslim mystics who tried to live simple lives

centered on God

Turned away from worldly possessions and

success

Believed faith in God marked your worth

General Tariq led Muslim

Army that conquered Spain

The Moors were Muslims

who made Spain their home

Ruled parts of Spain for 700

years

Nomadic people that lived by fighting and raiding

Settled into present day Iraq Growing power caused shift away from

caliph to sultan By 1200 AD, the Turks had seized Syria,

Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and most of Northern India

Explain what Muslim society and family

life were like

Identify Muslim achievements in Science

Explain how Islam influenced Arab art

and literature

Location allowed trade with Europe, Asia,

and Africa

Produced silk, cotton, wool, carpets, metal

products

Organized into provinces

Broken into 3 caliphates

Ruled by caliphs in Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba

Family was the core of daily life Lived according to the Qur’an Expected to follow Islamic laws in public

and private life Slavery was common Arranged marriages with right to refuse

for women Family and mosque responsible for

education

Made advances in the use of herbs, foods, and prepared drugs

Advancement in techniques of dissection to study anatomy

Correctly diagnosed diseases and New ideas about hygiene

Pass examinations to practice medicine Established 1st school of pharmacy and encyclopedia

of known drugs, preparation and effects Established concept of the hospital Al-Razi was the 1st to clearly describe measles and

small pox

Learned new number system from India

Developed Arabic numerals

Used decimals in Arab

Wrote about al-jabor, which became

algebra

Spread mathematical ideas to Europe

Religious art does not show human or animal forms

Uses geometric or floral designs Mosques designed to show the glory of

Islam and power of the ruler Mosques designed to house thousands of

followers A minaret was attached to let a crier call

Muslims to worship

Caliphs were great patrons of the arts

Writers lived with the caliphs

The story of Scheherazade Stories of Muslim

Folktales Known as the collection

of The Thousand and One Nights