Chapter 11Chapter 11

Byzantines, Russians, Turks InteractByzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

Section 1 - ByzantineSection 1 - Byzantine

Western Rome collapsed – 476 ADWestern Rome collapsed – 476 AD Byzantine flourished (Byzantine flourished (ConstantinopleConstantinople)) JustinianJustinian – had tried to regain lost Roman – had tried to regain lost Roman

territoryterritory Ruled with absolute authorityRuled with absolute authority Spoke Spoke GreekGreek (not Latin) (not Latin) **Justinian CodeJustinian Code – legal code (life, property, – legal code (life, property,

marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, etc.)etc.)

Section 1 ByzantineSection 1 Byzantine

Constantinople - Justinian transformed cityConstantinople - Justinian transformed city Public works, cathedrals (Public works, cathedrals (Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia)) Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitalsBaths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals **Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by **Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by

scholarsscholars Busy markets, street fairsBusy markets, street fairs Hippodrome TheatreHippodrome Theatre – chariots, musicians, races, – chariots, musicians, races,

performancesperformances Nika RebellionNika Rebellion – 30,000 fans slaughtered – mad – 30,000 fans slaughtered – mad

that previous riot had been put down harshlythat previous riot had been put down harshly

Section 1 - ByzantineSection 1 - Byzantine

After Justinian’s death, problemsAfter Justinian’s death, problems PlaguePlague (probably bubonic) (probably bubonic) At height (542 AD) – 10,000 per day died!At height (542 AD) – 10,000 per day died! 100 million people100 million people Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars,

Persians, Russians, TurksPersians, Russians, Turks Finally fell to Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453Ottoman Turks in 1453 End of Byzantine EmpireEnd of Byzantine Empire

Section 1 - ByzantineSection 1 - Byzantine

Christianity – differs from east to westChristianity – differs from east to west West – West – PopePope was the leader was the leader East – East – PatriarchPatriarch was the leader; Emperor had was the leader; Emperor had

power over Churchpower over Church Issues over use of Issues over use of iconsicons (religious images); riots (religious images); riots

(East supported, West did not)(East supported, West did not) 1054 – Pope and Patriarch 1054 – Pope and Patriarch excommunicated excommunicated

each other – Christianity officially splits (each other – Christianity officially splits (schismschism)) Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

Byzantine Byzantine ContributionsContributions

Preserved Greek culture/learningPreserved Greek culture/learning Adopted Roman ideas of lawAdopted Roman ideas of law Preserved Christianity (Orthodox)Preserved Christianity (Orthodox) Great center of wealth and tradeGreat center of wealth and trade Art, philosophy, science, literature, Art, philosophy, science, literature,

educationeducation Theatres, palaces, reservoirs Theatres, palaces, reservoirs

(engineering & architecture)(engineering & architecture)

Section 2 - RussiaSection 2 - Russia

Much of Russia inhabited by Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic Slavic farmers and traders; spoke similar farmers and traders; spoke similar languagelanguage

VikingsVikings settled and mixed – became one settled and mixed – became one VladimirVladimir converts to Christianity converts to Christianity

(Orthodox)(Orthodox) KievKiev becomes major city – Christianity becomes major city – Christianity

growsgrows

Section 2 - RussiaSection 2 - Russia

1200’s - 1200’s - MongolsMongols (fierce horsemen from central (fierce horsemen from central Asia) under Kublai Khan then Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan Genghis Khan sacked Kievsacked Kiev

Thousands slaughteredThousands slaughtered Mongol ruleMongol rule

Allowed ChristianityAllowed Christianity Demanded absolute obedienceDemanded absolute obedience Demanded massive tributes (payments)Demanded massive tributes (payments) Failed to conquer Japan – Failed to conquer Japan – “kamikaze” divine wind“kamikaze” divine wind Marco Polo Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in Chinaspends 17 years traveling in China

Section 2 - RussiaSection 2 - Russia

Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols)Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols) Ivan I moves capital to Ivan I moves capital to Moscow Moscow – city – city

grows strong and wealthygrows strong and wealthy Ivan III Ivan III openly challenged Mongols – openly challenged Mongols –

turning point – no real fighting but end of turning point – no real fighting but end of Mongol ruleMongol rule

Took title Took title czarczar

Section 3 - TurksSection 3 - Turks

Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an end to power of caliphsput an end to power of caliphs

Still religious leaders but no political powerStill religious leaders but no political power Turks growing in power Turks growing in power (Anatolia)(Anatolia) Herders, traders, raiders, great military skillHerders, traders, raiders, great military skill Began converting to Islam and moving into Began converting to Islam and moving into

Persian territory; eventually gained Persian Persian territory; eventually gained Persian supportsupport

Eventually took over Byzantine EmpireEventually took over Byzantine Empire Had also fought Crusaders and MongolsHad also fought Crusaders and Mongols