Chapter 11: The Civil War

1861-1865Chapter 11: The Civil WarMajor Causes of the Civil WarStates RightsSlaveryPreserving the UnionUncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher StoweSlave vs. Free StatesLincolns Election in 1860

Basic InformationThe NorthThe South23 StatesThe UnionYankeesBlue CoatsUSA (United States of America)11 StatesThe ConfederacyRebelsGrey CoatsCSA (Confederate States of America)There were others who were undecidedBorder States (Kentucky, Maryland, & Missouri) were States that had soldiers fighting for both sides!

Remember Your Maps!

Advantages of the Union22 million in population90% of industrial goods made up NorthEfficient railroad systemControlled the navyCapable military leaders2.5 million enlisted soldiersStrong, existing government

Advantages of the SouthExcellent military generalsDefending is ALWAYS easier than attackingFarmers fight better than factory workersFighting on own landProfitable economy based on cotton exportsFighting to maintain their lifestyle- very passionate

Disadvantages of NorthFighting mainly takes place down southNot as strong of military generalsFighting for a change

Disadvantages of the South800,000 in military- much smaller than the NorthSingle economy- solely based on cotton exportsNo navyLack of railroadsWeak government

Map of Railways in 1860Role of Great BritainThey had been one of the biggest buyers of Southern cottonThe South relied on that trade to fund the warHowever.Many Brits resented slaveryStarted to grow cotton in their new colonies (i.e. India)The British needed grain crops from the North

In the end, the British do not help the South- major blow to the South!

The Anaconda PlanNorths plan to:Stop supplies getting to SouthPrevent South from exporting cropsCut off flow of supplies to Confederate areasControl the Mississippi River/ cut off supplies to interior

The Naval BlockadePut in place by NorthPrevented the South from trading with other countriesPrevented supplies from other countries reaching the South

Financing the War- NorthRelied on IndustryEconomy was better than the SouthAlready had food crops- it was a matter of distributingGovernment issued greenbacks- essentially bonds

Financing the War- SouthHad relied on cotton trade- that was blocked (Anaconda Plan)Converted cotton fields to food cropsPeople starved to fund the war

The First Modern WarNew Weapons UsedMinie BallsRepeating RiflesSubmarinesTrenchesNew Technology UsedRailroadsTelegraphsMass Production of Goods

Major Turning Points in the Civil WarEVENTWhy A Turning Point???The Naval BlockadeEmancipation ProclamationVicksburgGettysburgGettysburg AddressShermans March to the SeaThe Election of 1864The Democratic Candidate?The Republican Candidate?Democratic Platform?Republican Platform?Who won?Impact of the Election?The 13th AmendmentWith the reelection, Lincoln saw it as a mandate, or a clear sign from voters, to end slavery permanentlyHe recognized that he needed to push the Amendment NOW before the war endsIf not, when reconnected, the Sothern's back in Congress would have blocked the amendmentOn Jan 31, 1865, the 13th Amendment was added to the ConstitutionIt banned slavery in the United States

The South SurrendersThe end was near for the SouthLincoln actually delayed the surrender to push through the 13th AmendmentOn April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse.

Lincolns Plans for the SouthLincoln did not want to punish the South for the warHe thought that would only cause more problemsHis goal was to keep the Union in tact and he accomplished thisOthers would come up with more harsh plansUnfortunately, we will never know what Lincoln would have done during ReconstructionThe AssassinationOn April 14th, 1865, Lincoln and his wife attended Our American Cousin at Fords Theater.John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and against abolitionism, shot Lincoln in the theaterLincolns assassination was part of a larger plan of WilkesHe and his conspirators planned to kill the Vice President and Secretary of State- both unsuccessful

Impact of the WarShort Term???

Long Term???