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Chapter 14: The Cold War and the American Dream
Mr. Miller
How did the USA and USSR become enemies?
“We didn’t start the fire”
Countless References to the Cold War and other parts of
the era!
Why am I especially intersted?
I grew up 2 miles from a nuclear missile… next slide is
a picture…
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Now that WWII is over, what happens at home in the USA
and in the world?
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Adjusting To Peace - WWII veterans returned to
work, leading to 800,000 women to be released
The Postwar Economy - the economy boomed
because people wanted commercial goods (washers, toasters, cars, etc) since they had to cut back during WWII
- many were starting families (Baby Boom) & wanted homes & suburbs grew quickly
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Labor Unrest and Civil Rights
- there were many labor strikes during this era (auto, steel, meatpacking, electrical)
- African-Americans were still segregated, intimidated, mistreated, etc. in the South
- President Truman introduced a civil rights commission and anti-lynching and anti-poll tax laws, but they didn’t pass due to Southern Democrats in Congress
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
The Fair Deal - the Republican Congress
blocked many of Truman’s plans for more programs (called the Fair Deal) similar to the New Deal for housing, education, health care
- Truman looked like he’d lose to Thomas Dewey in the 1948 election, but his late train campaign led to a surprise victory and another Presidential term for him
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Origins of the Cold War
- Stalin and the USSR broke a wartime promise and started making countries in Eastern Europe communist instead of democratic, causing tension with the USA
See next slide for map of current Europe
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Containing Communism Abroad
- President Truman called for the containment of the spread of communism
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed of democratic nations, made up of USA, Canada, England, and other Western European nations
- the USSR and Eastern European communist nations formed the Warsaw Pact
Next slide… map with the spread of Communism
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Marhsall Plan and Berlin Airlift
- the Marshall Plan from the USA gave $13 billion in aid to help western and southern Europe rebuild and recover from WWII (and protect from communism)
- Germany (and the capital city of Berlin) was split between democratic countries (West) and communist (USSR) control and became a “battle ground” for both
See map next slide…
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Marhsall Plan and Berlin Airlift (con’t)
- Stalin blocked access to Berlin, but the USA and England sent cargo planes and dropped supplies in to the city residents
- by 1949, Germany (and Berlin) had been split into West Germany (democratic) and East Germany (communist)
Ch. 14, Sec. 1: “Peacetime Adjustments and the Cold War
Fear of Communism at Home
- Ethel & Julius Rosenberg gave US atomic secrets to the USSR and were sentenced to death; they were members of the American Communist Party
- the U.S. developed a great fear of communist supporters living in America
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
How did the Korean War start and end? How many
communists were in the USA?
Next slide… map of the Korean area
ChinaNorth Korea
South KoreaJapan
Why does Korea look like this at night?
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Origins of the Korean War
- Mao Zedong became the leader of China when it became communist in 1949
- Korea had been split into two countries; North (communist) and South Korea
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Fighting Breaks out in Korea
- North Korea attacked South Korea in 1950 and the U.S. sent troops to support the South in an effort to contain communism from spreading further
- this helped push the North back to almost China, but China warned us to stop
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
China Enters the Conflict
- China began supporting North Korea and soon pushed the South/U.S. troops back to the 38th parallel (the original split line)
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
War Ends in Stalemate
- Dwight D. Eisenhower won the 1952 Presidential election
- by 1953 (3 years later), the war had become unpopular and the US and USSR helped negotiate a treaty to split North and South Korea…. at the original split line
(the 38th Parallel)
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
McCarthy and Communism - Joseph McCarthy, Republican
senator from Wisconsin, accused many people in the U.S. government (and other areas) of being communist supporters
- this type of accusation (whether legit or not) was called McCarthyism
- he put some Army leaders on “trial” in Senate hearings on whether they supported communism; this eventually turned many against him, but his accusations had done much damage to the accused and created concern in the US
Youtube trailer “Good night & good luck”
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Eisenhower and the Cold War (1)
- the USSR and USA began an “arms race” in an attempt to build better, stronger atomic weapons, etc. to show their superiority and intimidate each other
- they Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb) was developed by the US in 1952 and three years later the USSR successfully tested their own H-Bomb
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Eisenhower and the Cold War (2)
- 1955: Suez Canal was seized by Egypt (friends of USSR) from France & England
- France, Britain, & Israel attacked Egypt; the USA, USSR and United Nations got them to pull back from Egypt and started a cease-fire (preventing a major battle)
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Eisenhower and the Cold War (3)
- in 1957, the USSR shocked the US when they launched Sputnik, the first satellite
- this meant the USSR had missiles powerful enough to get nukes to the USA
- this began the “Space Race” for both countries where both put large amounts of money into space programs to build satellites, etc. and show superiority
Youtube Sputnik Mania trailer
Youtube Phineas and Ferb
Youtube Blast from Past
Ch. 14, Sec. 2: “The Korean War and McCarthyism”
Eisenhower and the Cold War (4)
- USSR’s leader was now Nikita Krushchev and President Eisenhower tried to set up peace talks with him in 1960
- two weeks before the talks, an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over USSR
- this angered the USSR and the peace talks broke down, increasing tensions
Section 3: The Fifties
What was life like in America during this Cold War era? Who & what was popular?
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” The Domestic Scene in
the 50s - Many people began
moving out of the cities and into the suburbs, taking money, taxes, etc. with them
- This left the cities with less of a tax base to work with and led to urban decay
- 1950s saw a great increase in Mexican immigration to US
- Many came for temporary agricultural work in the Southwest and then stayed illegally in order to stay here
“Which one is my house?”
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” The Domestic Scene in the
50s (con’t) - Pres. Eisenhower increased
gov’t spending in some areas, yet kept business and conservatives somewhat happy
One major development was the Interstate Highway system, modeled after Germany’s autobahn
This was to allow for easier travel and to evacuate cities faster in case of attack
A byproduct of this was the end of highways (Route 66, etc.) being the primary travel routes (p.402)See Cars movie clip next slide
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties”Changes Sweep
America- The economy was
now booming and many people were starting families and buying homes
- In the 1950s, America’s population increased by 30 million
- This great increase in the birthrate after WWII (1946-1961) was known as the Baby Boom
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” Changes Sweep America - The Baby Boom also helped
lead to the growth of the suburbs as people moved out of apartments in the cities to areas outside the city
- What used to be farmland now had homes, theaters, restaurants, etc.
Car sales also increased greatly as people needed a car to get to their work in the city
- Many moved from the northern and eastern parts of the U.S. to the western and southern parts (known as the Sun Belt)
- In the 1960s, California passed New York as most populated state
#1
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” The American Dream in the
1950s - For many (but not all), they
were “living the dream” in America during this time
- Living in nice houses, in a nice part of town, with nice families, with nice workplaces
- The economy was booming with many people buying different items such as dishwashers, vacuums, TVs, lawn mowers, etc.
- To take advantage of this demand, the advertising industry took off with commercials encouraging people to buy things
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” Pop Culture and Rock ‘n’ Roll - TV shows replaced movies as
the main form of entertainment
- Popular TV shows included: I Love Lucy, Father Knows Best, Lassie, Lone Ranger, Mickey Mouse Club
- Popular musicians included Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Fats Domino and Jerry Lee Lewis
- the most popular was Elvis Presley who was also controversial (some would only show him from the hips up due to his gyrations)
- Poets & writers known as “beatniks” disliked how bland America was and spoke against it
Elvis (Youtube) Hound Dog
YoutubeLucy Candy
Ch. 14, Sec. 3: “The Fifties” The Election of 1960 - John F. Kennedy (Dem) ran
against Vice Pres. Richard M. Nixon (Rep) in 1960’s very close election
- With the help of the first televised debates, JFK won the election to become the youngest (43) and first Catholic President of the U.S.
- Kennedy promised to “get the country moving again” after the Eisenhower years
- America was drawn to his youth, energy and confidence and was very excited to see this new era in American leadership
Youtube of the actual debate
