Chapter 2 Section 1

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and

captured George Washington

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and

captured George Washington Spread to Europe Edward Braddock was sent to command

British Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting)

500-50 casualties

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

1754-1763 French attacked Fort Necessity and captured

George Washington Spread to Europe Edward Braddock was sent to command British

Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting) 500-50 casualties 1759 Quebec was captured by British

commander James Wolfe

What was the main cause of the of the French

Indian War

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

1754 Benjamin Franklin Place the British North American colonies

under a more centralized government The first important plan to conceive of the

colonies as a collective whole united under one government

Colonies would unite (- Georgia) Based on Iroquois League Rejected

THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763

Fighting would continue, disrupt trade, more money on defense

Law banned British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Ordered colonists in the upper Ohio River Valley to remove themselves

Many colonists ignored new law

BRITISH FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

Paying for the cost of governing and defending the colonies

Cost of the French and Indian War Prime Minister George Grenville turned

to the colonies Raised new taxes Enforce old duties on imports

SUGAR ACT

1764 Act actually cut the duty in half New rules Ships would be seized British Navy would patrol American coast Smuggling cases would be tried in British

courts (judge received 5% commission on illegal cargoes)

STAMP ACT

March 1765 Tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal

documents, and most printed materials First time British government taxed colonist

with clear purpose of raising money Stamp Act Congress met and wrote petitions

and letters to the King and Parliament

QUARTERING ACT

1765 Colonies had to provide housing and

supplies for British Troops that remained after war

STAMP ACT REPEALED

Repealed in 1766 Delegates from 9 colonies met in New

York Benjamin Franklin spoke before

parliament Declaratory Act- stated Parliament had

the power to make laws for the colonies

TOWNSHEND ACTS

1767 Tax on glass, tea, lead, paint, paper Writs of assistance (forms that allowed

tax collectors to search for smuggled goods) were used to enforce the Townshend acts

Boycott used during Stamp Act was renewed

BOSTON MASSACRE

March 5, 1770 Sons of Liberty opposed British troops Soldiers opened fire on crowd Five dead British officers and eight soldiers were

arrested Seven were found not guilty Two found guilty of lesser crimes

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-massacre/videos/boston-massacre

Why the Colonies Grow Discontented

1. Proclamation of 17632. George Grenville – prime

minister and 1st Lord of Treasury

Customs Duties – taxes on imports and exports

Admiralty Courts – courts outside of colonies used to try defiant colonists

3. Regulatory Acts- Acts imposed by the British to keep the colonies in check

Regulatory Acts- Sugar Act “no taxation w/o

representation” – James Otis- Currency Act – banned paper $- Stamp Act – required stamps

to be placed on printed material

- Quartering Act- Declaratory Act- Townshend Acts- Tea Act

Why did the British begin to impose so many taxes on the colonies?

How was the Stamp Act different from other taxes imposed by the British?

How the Colonists Respond

Sons of Liberty – Protest group formed by Isaac Sears aimed at defending American Liberties (Sam Adams)

Declaration of Rights and Grievances – argued that only the colonists’ political representatives had the right to tax colonists – petitioned to the king (Virginia Resolves)

Nonimportation Agreement – Boycott of British Goods

Response continued…

Daughters of Liberty – women protest group who began weaving own cloth

Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770- Group of British soldiers under the command of Thomas Preston open fire on crowd of protesters killing 5 and wounding 6

Success of Colonial Protests

1. Stamp Act repealed in 1766 due to nonimportation agreements

2. Townshend Acts repealed except tax on tea – uphold right to tax colonies – after Boston Massacre

Why do you think the British were so willing to pass new taxes in the face of colonial opposition?

How did the colonists fight the Stamp Act and

what was the results