Chapter 28 Section 2

The Cold War Begins

Roots of the Cold War

• United States vs USSR

• Cold War – Competition for global power and influence between 2 remaining superpowers USA and USSR• Political and Economic Fronts

• USA• Democratic government• Individual Freedom• Capitalist Economy

• USSR• Communist Theories• State-run Economy• One-Party Rule (Bolsheviks)• Suppression of Religion• Use of force to crush opposition

Roots of Cold War continued

• Soviet• Expansionism

• Baltic States• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

• Poland• Romania

• Buffer Zone• Satellite Nations

• Countries under Soviet control

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Mm0yQg1hS_w

• Churchill• Iron Curtain

• “Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent”

• George Kennan – US State Department Official• Containment

• Restricting expansion of Soviet Communism

Deadlock over Atomic Weapons

• US presidential adviser Bernard Baruch• Special Energy Agency

• Known as Baruch Plan• Impose penalties on countries that did not follow international

rules

• USSR rejects all inspection and enforcement provisions• Tests 1st atomic bomb in 1949

• Start of Nuclear arms race

• US Response• Atomic Energy Act – August 1946

• Created Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)• Promote peacetime use of atomic energy • Oversee nuclear weapons research

Containment Around the World

• Truman administered a more aggressive foreign policy• US containment policy

• Policy of US to support free peopes who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or outside pressures• TRUMAN DOCTRINE

• $400 million in aide to Greece & Turkey

• Mediterranean• Greece

• Civil War – Communists vs. Monarch

• Turkey• USSR wanted to control Dardanelles

Containment Around the World Continued

• Europe• Economies in shambles after WWII• George C. Marshall

• Born Uniontown PA• Truman asks congress for 17 billion in aid• Communists overthrow government of

Czechoslovakia• Marshall Plan

• 17 billion in economic aid for Europe

• Marshall wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1953

Crisis in Berlin• Non-Soviet sections of Berlin grow stronger because of Marshall

Plan• Support formation of Western German government

• Berlin Airlift• June 24th, 1948 Soviets block

• Roads• Canals• Railways• Shipments of food/supplies

• Western leaders response• For 10 months American and British planes

• Drop 2 million tons of food

• Embarrassed Soviet Union• Ends May 1949• Republic of Germany – West Germany (USA, FR, BR)• German Democratic Republic – East Germany (USSR)

The Western Alliance• Military Alliances

• Nato• 9 Western European Powers• USA• Canada• Iceland

• 1951 – Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Commander

• Warsaw Pact• Communist countries of Eastern Europe