Chapter 3bebi/biology100/study guides/Chapter 3.pdf · The fundamental units that make up all living ... The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell ... Which of

Chapter 3

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:

A.compartmentsB.cellsC.chromosomesD.coelom

2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.

A.All living things are made of cells.B.Cells come only from pre-existing cells.C.Cells must be aggregated.D.All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.E.All of the choices are correct.

3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.

A.Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.B.Volume reflects metabolic needs.C.As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.D.All of the choices are correct.

4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:

A.surface areaB.volumeC.length

5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:

A.cells influence nearby cells to divideB.cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirementsC.cells need to dissipate heat effectivelyD.cells divide before mitosis occurs

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6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cellmembrane is called:

A.nucleolusB.cytoplasmC.nucleoplasmD.cytomatrix

7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:

A.plasma membraneB.Sanger enclosureC.cell membraneD.dialysis membraneE.plasma membrane or cell membrane

8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:

A.matricesB.organellesC.cytoskeletonD.Golgi bodies

9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:

A.nucleoliB.matricesC.organellesD.cytoskeletonE.Golgi bodies

10. The function of the plasma membrane is:

A.determines which substances enter and leave the cellB.serves as a boundary between the cell and its environmentC.contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environmentD.All of the choices are correct.

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11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?

A.nucleusB.nucleolusC.lysosomeD.plasma membrane

12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?

A.ribosomeB.Golgi apparatusC.nucleolusD.centriole

13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?

A.nucleolusB.nucleusC.Golgi apparatusD.endoplasmic reticulum

14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?

A.lysosomeB.mitochondrionC.vacuoleD.Golgi bodies

15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?

A.mitochondrionB.lysosomeC.vacuoleD.centriole

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16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:

A.RNAB.chromatinC.nucleolusD.chromosomeE.centrosome

17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellular abnormalityis:

A.lack of Golgi apparatusB.excess mitochondriaC.abnormal chloroplastsD.lack of a lysosomal enzymeE.misshapen endoplasmic reticulum

18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.

A.Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.B.Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.C.Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.D.The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.E.All of the choices are correct.

19. Hydrophilic means:

A.water-loving or seekingB.water-avoiding or hatingC.saturated with water molecules

20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred to as:

A.differential selectivenessB.metabolic diversityC.selective permeabilityD.diffusion

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21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration is:

A.diffusionB.active transportC.endocytosisD.exocytosis

22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:

A.denaturationB.osmosisC.dispersionD.dissociation

23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

A.In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.B.In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.C.In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.D.Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.

24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.

A.Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.B.Gases can diffuse through the membrane.C.Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.D.Energy is not expended during diffusion.E.All of the choices are correct.

25. A hypertonic solution contains:

A.equal amounts of solute and waterB.greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasmC.lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasmD.no solutes

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26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:

A.loses waterB.gains waterC.gains and loses the same amount of water

27. A cell in an isotonic solution:

A.loses waterB.gains waterC.gains and loses the same amount of water

28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:

A.soluteB.solventC.saturant

29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:

A.shrinkB.swell and burstC.stay the same

30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:

A.endocytosisB.exocytosis

31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:

A.nucleusB.nucleolusC.nuclear envelopeD.nucleoplasm

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32. Choose the CORRECT statement.

A.Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.B.Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.C.Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.D.Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.

33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:

A.endoplasmic reticulumB.nucleolusC.vesicles/vacuolesD.Golgi apparatus

34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:

A.centriolesB.mitochondriaC.nucleusD.endoplasmic reticulum

35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:

A.matrixB.cristaeC.rugaeD.effluvium

36. Basal bodies are associated with:

A.ribosomesB.mitochondriaC.chromosomesD.cilia and flagella

37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:

A.respirationB.photosynthesisC.metabolismD.reaction summary

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38. Enzymes:

A.give energy to metabolic reactionsB.speed up metabolic reactionsC.act as a buffer in metabolic reactionsD.destroy foreign bodies

39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:

A.reactantsB.productsC.metabolitesD.enzymes

40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:

A.substrateB.reactantC.active siteD.coenzyme

41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:

A.substrateB.reactantC.active siteD.coenzyme

42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:

A.coenzymesB.cozymesC.enfactorsD.substrates

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43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?

A.a concentration gradientB.a carrier and concentration gradientC.carrier and energyD.vesiclesE.vesicle to membrane fusion

44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:

A.glycolysisB.oxidative phosphorylationC.cellular respirationD.fermentation

45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?

A.glycolysisB.citric acid cycleC.electron transport system

46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?

A.2 free ATP, linearB.2 ATP after two turnsC.Produces 32 ATP

47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?


48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:

A.glucoseB.waterC.carbon dioxideD.oxygen

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49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?


50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?


51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:

A.photosynthesisB.respirationC.fermentationD.oxidation

52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:

A.use oxygenB.produce carbon dioxideC.produce energyD.form ATPE.All of the choices are correct.

53. NAD is:

A.an enzymeB.a co-enzymeC.a form of energyD.a metabolic poison

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54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cellsengulfing:

A.prokaryotic cellsB.lysosomesC.other eukaryotic cellsD.abnormal chloroplastsE.free-living mitochondria

55. Fermentation requires:

A.oxygenB.sugarC.H2O and saltsD.carbon dioxide

56. In yeast fermentation:

A.oxygen is requiredB.an energy source is not requiredC.alcohol and carbon dioxide are given offD.All of the choices are correct.

57. Stem cells have been derived from:

A.blood cellsB.neural cellsC.umbilical cordsD.All of the choices are correct.

58. The folds in mitochondrial membranes are called:

A.matrixB.cristaeC.rugaeD.cellulate

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Chapter 3 Key

1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:

a. compartmentsB cellsc. chromosomesd. coelom

Mader - 003 Chapter... #1

2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.

a. All living things are made of cells.b. Cells come only from pre-existing cells.c. Cells must be aggregated.D All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.e. All of the choices are correct.


3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.

a. Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.b. Volume reflects metabolic needs.c. As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.D All of the choices are correct.


4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:

a. surface areaB volumec. length


1

5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:

a. cells influence nearby cells to divideB cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirementsc. cells need to dissipate heat effectivelyd. cells divide before mitosis occurs


6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cellmembrane is called:

a. nucleolusB cytoplasmc. nucleoplasmd. cytomatrix


7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:

a. plasma membraneb. Sanger enclosurec. cell membraned. dialysis membraneE plasma membrane or cell membrane


8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:

a. matricesB organellesc. cytoskeletond. Golgi bodies


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9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:

a. nucleolib. matricesc. organellesD cytoskeletone. Golgi bodies


10. The function of the plasma membrane is:

a. determines which substances enter and leave the cellb. serves as a boundary between the cell and its environmentc. contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environmentD All of the choices are correct.


11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?

A nucleusb. nucleolusc. lysosomed. plasma membrane


12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?

a. ribosomeB Golgi apparatusc. nucleolusd. centriole


13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?

A nucleolusb. nucleusc. Golgi apparatusd. endoplasmic reticulum


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14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?

a. lysosomeB mitochondrionc. vacuoled. Golgi bodies


15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?

a. mitochondrionB lysosomec. vacuoled. centriole


16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:

a. RNAB chromatinc. nucleolusd. chromosomee. centrosome


17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellularabnormality is:

a. lack of Golgi apparatusb. excess mitochondriac. abnormal chloroplastsD lack of a lysosomal enzymee. misshapen endoplasmic reticulum


4

18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.

a. Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.b. Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.c. Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.d. The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.E All of the choices are correct.


19. Hydrophilic means:

A water-loving or seekingb. water-avoiding or hatingc. saturated with water molecules


20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred toas:

a. differential selectivenessb. metabolic diversityC selective permeabilityd. diffusion


21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration is:

A diffusionb. active transportc. endocytosisd. exocytosis


5

22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:

a. denaturationB osmosisc. dispersiond. dissociation


23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

a. In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.b. In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.C In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.d. Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.


24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.

a. Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.b. Gases can diffuse through the membrane.c. Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.d. Energy is not expended during diffusion.E All of the choices are correct.


25. A hypertonic solution contains:

a. equal amounts of solute and waterB greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasmc. lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasmd. no solutes


26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:

a. loses waterB gains waterc. gains and loses the same amount of water


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27. A cell in an isotonic solution:

a. loses waterb. gains waterC gains and loses the same amount of water


28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:

A soluteb. solventc. saturant


29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:

a. shrinkB swell and burstc. stay the same


30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:

a. endocytosisB exocytosis


31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:

a. nucleusB nucleolusc. nuclear enveloped. nucleoplasm


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32. Choose the CORRECT statement.

a. Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.b. Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.C Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.d. Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.


33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:

A endoplasmic reticulumb. nucleolusc. vesicles/vacuolesd. Golgi apparatus


34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:

a. centriolesB mitochondriac. nucleusd. endoplasmic reticulum


35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:

A matrixb. cristaec. rugaed. effluvium


36. Basal bodies are associated with:

a. ribosomesb. mitochondriac. chromosomesD cilia and flagella


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37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:

a. respirationb. photosynthesisC metabolismd. reaction summary


38. Enzymes:

a. give energy to metabolic reactionsB speed up metabolic reactionsc. act as a buffer in metabolic reactionsd. destroy foreign bodies


39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:

a. reactantsb. productsc. metabolitesD enzymes


40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:

A substrateb. reactantc. active sited. coenzyme


41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:

a. substrateb. reactantC active sited. coenzyme


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42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:

A coenzymesb. cozymesc. enfactorsd. substrates


43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?

a. a concentration gradientb. a carrier and concentration gradientC carrier and energyd. vesiclese. vesicle to membrane fusion


44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:

a. glycolysisb. oxidative phosphorylationC cellular respirationd. fermentation


45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?

A glycolysisb. citric acid cyclec. electron transport system


46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?

a. 2 free ATP, linearb. 2 ATP after two turnsC Produces 32 ATP


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47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?

a. glycolysisB citric acid cyclec. electron transport system


48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:

a. glucoseb. waterc. carbon dioxideD oxygen


49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

A glycolysisb. citric acid cyclec. electron transport system


50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?

a. glycolysisB citric acid cyclec. electron transport system


51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:

a. photosynthesisb. respirationC fermentationd. oxidation


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52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:

a. use oxygenb. produce carbon dioxidec. produce energyd. form ATPE All of the choices are correct.


53. NAD is:

a. an enzymeB a co-enzymec. a form of energyd. a metabolic poison


54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cellsengulfing:

A prokaryotic cellsb. lysosomesc. other eukaryotic cellsd. abnormal chloroplastse. free-living mitochondria


55. Fermentation requires:

a. oxygenB sugarc. H2O and saltsd. carbon dioxide


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56. In yeast fermentation:

a. oxygen is requiredb. an energy source is not requiredC alcohol and carbon dioxide are given offd. All of the choices are correct.


57. Stem cells have been derived from:

a. blood cellsb. neural cellsc. umbilical cordsD All of the choices are correct.


58. The folds in mitochondrial membranes are called:

a. matrixB cristaec. rugaed. cellulate


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Chapter 3 Summary

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Mader - 003 Chapter... 58

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Chapter 3bebi/biology100/study guides/Chapter 3.pdf · The fundamental units that make up all living ... The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell ... Which of