Chapter 3, Section 4-5

The Market Revolution and

Reforming American Society

Inventions and economic developments in the early

19th

century helps transform American society.

CA Social Science Content Standards: 11.2.1, 11.1.3, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.10.7

Opening Activity:

In a paragraph discuss what

inventions or new technologies

have improved your life. How has

these technologies affected the

American economy?

Taking Notes

Define the following terms:

market revolution National Trades’ Union Transcendentalism

free enterprise Commonwealth v. Hunt William Lloyd Garrison

Samuel F.B. Morse Abolition Frederick Douglass

Lowell textile mills Unitarians Seneca Falls convention

1807

Directions:

On the timeline, label and date important developments in manufacturing

during the early 19th century.

I. The Market Revolution

A. U.S. Markets Expand

-Market Revolution—people buy and sell goods rather than make

them.

-In 1840s economy grow more than in previous 40 years.

-Free enterprise—private businesses free to operate for profit.

-Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries.

B. Inventions and Improvements

-Samuel F.B. Morse’s telegraph helps

business, railroads, communicate.

-Improved transportation systems cut freight costs, speed travel.

C. The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation

-Many manufactured goods become affordable in early 1800s.

-Transportation, communication links make regions

interdependent.

-Northeast becomes industrial, commercial; farmers go to

Midwest.

II. Changing Workplaces

A. Effect of Factories

-Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships

change.

-Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans.

B. The Lowell Textile Mills

-In 1820s, Lowell textile mills employ young farm women.

-Women get low pay, but factories pay more than other jobs.

-Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped

factories.

III. Workers Seek Better Conditions

A. Workers Strike

-1830s, 1840s U.S. workers begin to strike—work stoppage over

job issues.

-Employers defeat strikes, replace workers with 3 million new

immigrants (1830-1860)—Potato Famine brought the Irish.

B. National Trades’ Union

-1830s, trade unions in

different towns join to

expand their power.

-Groups from several

industries form National

Trades’ Union (1834).

-Commonwealth v. Hunt:

Massachusetts Supreme

Court supports right to

strike.

IV. A Spiritual Awakening Inspires Reform

A. Roots of Reform Movements

-Sense of responsibility to seek salvation, improve self, society.

-Jacksonian democracy’s stress on importance, power of common

person.

B. The Second Great Awakening

-1790s-1840s, Second Great Awaking arouses religious feeling.

-Revival meetings last for days: impassioned preaching, Bible Study.

-Membership in churches rise dramatically—new ones form based on Restorationist and Holiness movements.

C. Unitarians and Transcendentalists

-Unitarians have faith in individual, but stress reason, not emotion.

-Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson develops transcendentalism—truth in nature, emotional, spiritual experience.

D. The African-American Church

-South: slaves interpret hymns, Bible stories differently from whites.

-North: churches are political, cultural, educational, social centers.

V. Slavery and Abolition

A. Abolition Movement

-Abolition—movement to end slavery.

-1820s over 100 antislavery societies call for resettlement of Africa.

-William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist, publishes The Liberator, demands emancipation.

-Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out on slavery—begins his own antislavery newspaper, The North Star.

B. Turner’s Rebellion

-1700s most slaves African; by 1830 most claves American.

-Few slaves are freed; lives filled with hard work, suffering.

-Nat Turner leads slave rebellion in 1831; about 60 whites killed—

Turner and followers captured and killed.

VI. Women and Reform

A. Women’s Rights Movement Emerges

-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott call women’s rights

convention.

-1848 Seneca Falls Convention approves declaration of women’s

rights.

Review Questions

1. The _______________ is the early industrialization of the U.S. where

people began to sell goods rather than make them.

2. The Second _______________ promoted an optimistic message that

inspired people to try to reform society.

3. The _____________ movement promoted ending the institution of

slavery.

4. In 1848 many women meet at the _________________ Convention

which approved a declaration of a women’s right to vote.

5. With the Market Revolution and factory work came the increase of

_____________.

Words:

abolition trade unions Great Awakening

Market Revolution Seneca Falls