Chapter 5

The Sea Ionian and Aegean Seas Traders; no natural

resources

The Land Mountains in 3/4ths Trouble uniting Desire for more living

space

The Climate Mediterranean Supported outdoor

activities Outdoor Town Halls

First people of Greece

Located on island of Crete

Seafaring/traders

Sophisticated civilization

Mainland Greeks – Indo-Europeans

Mycenae – main city Fortified city -Withstand any

attack

Dominated by Warrior-Kings Agamemnon Warlike raiding kingdoms

Minoan Influence-after

1500 BCE – writing, seaborne trade, art, religion, politics

10 yr. war – Trojan Prince (Paris) kidnaps wife of Greek king (Helen)

Mainland Greeks sail to Troy – Trojan Horse

Mycenean civilization collapses shortly after this- invasions

Invaders move into Greece

Dorian's take PeloponnesusEconomy/trade collapseNo writingLess advanced than

MycenaeansOral History – Homer

and the Iliad – blind poet

Arete –Virtue and excellence -Could display in waror athleticsIn Homer’s stories

MythsStories about their gods – from Homer and HesiodUnderstand nature and human passions

Polis – a city state – political unit by 750 BCE – often <10,000 people

Acropolis – fortified hilltop where citizens gather to discuss gov’t

AristocracySmall group of nobles

TyrannyOne tyrant controls

allDifferent definition

than today – not harsh/cruel

OligarchyRule by a few

powerful land ownersWealthy

MonarchyKing rules

Democracy emergesDraco – 621 bce – legal code – equality, harsh (death, slavery)Solon – 594 bce (outlawed slavery)4 social classes, assembly, any citizencould bring chargesCleisthenes – 500 bce – grouped

citizens into 10 groups based on where they lived rather than wealth, all citizens could submit laws for debate/passage, Council of 500 (chosen by lottery, proposed laws, counceled assembly)

Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were citizens

600-371 bce most powerful Greek army - Control of peasants

Assembly elects officials, Council of Elders proposed laws, kings control military

Put Sparta First Value duty, strength, and discipline Toughness and obedience, not

education Did not value individual expression –

art, literature, etc.

3 Classes Citizens (landowners), non-citizens

(commerce) and slaves (peasants)

MenActive in politicsMilitary weakerEducation important –

free thoughtWealthy boys learned

to read/write and play sports, debate

WomenManage house,

childrenSome learned to

read/writeGirls – little education,

not citizens

MenOnly men born in

Sparta were CitizensBoys lived in army

barracks from 7-30“Spartan”

WomenNot citizensAllowed to own land

& businessesSome military

training

Iron weapons - cheaper

Ordinary citizens had weapons/fought

PhalanxHoplites

Greeks Vs. PersiansPersian empire invades

Battle at Marathon 490 bceAthens routs Persian armyPhiedippidies “rejoice, weconquer”

Battle at Thermopylae 480 bce(Xerxes invades, Greeks

divided)7000 Greeks, including 300

Spartans, temporarily block Xerxes’ men – all die, but Spartans’ bravery impacts Greeks

Athens fights Xerxes at sea Persians on the defensive

Delian League – led by Athens, Greek city-states unite against Persian empire – 200 city-states

Athens uses it’s newfound power to control all of Greece – wealth and military

Athens enters a golden ageof creativity (we will discuss this later in more detail)

Athens vs. Sparta 431 bceSparta wins, partly due to a “plague”

that kills 1/3 of Athenian population421 bce truce signed, 415 bce Athens

sends 20,000 soldiers to Sicily (ally of Sparta) – Athens defeated, 404 bce Athens surrenders to Sparta

City-states divided and weakened, nearby kingdom of Macedonia takes note

Would you rather live in Sparta or Athens? Explain your reasoning.

1. What is an oligarchy?2. How do we know that the

Mycenaean's were warrior type people?

Using the information you have been given in your notes, handout and the book. Compare and Contrast Sparta and Athens using a Venn Diagram.

You must have at least 5 different aspects of life you are comparing in each circle.