ProtozoansChapter 8

Protozoans5 Groups

FlagellatedAmoeboidForamanifiera CiliatesCoccidea

FlagellatedHave a pellicle (thin membrane) – gives body shapeFree-living7500 species identified2 Groups: Phytoflagellated (autotrophic) or

Zooflagellated (heterotrophic)Movement:

Use Flagella 2-D whiplike/helical movements Push-pull

Examples: Dinoflagellates (p)Euglena (p)Trypanosomes (h) – dwell in the tsetse fly gut

AmoeboidDiet

Other protists, bacteria Eat by phagocytosis

Particle feedersReproduction

Asexual - Binary fission once they become a certain sizeSome pathogenic

Movement: Use pseudopodia – temp. cell extensions

Examples: Rhizopodans (naked – no shell/test)Entamoeba – causes dysentery in humans (diarrhea…)

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ForaminiferaMarine (Plankton)Secrete a calcium carbonate test

Symmetrical patternMake up much of marine sedimentsWhite cliffs of Dover, England = Foram Chalk

depositMovement:

Reticulopodia – (branched conveyerbelt –like)Examples:

Heliozoans Radiolarians

CiliatesUse cilia to generate feeding currentsDimorphic nuclei –

Macronuclei (regulates daily metabolic activites)

Micronucli (genetic reserve)Sexual reproduction Movement: ciliaExamples:

ParameciumDidinium

CoccideaAll ParasitesCone structure to penetrate hostsReproduction – asexual and sexualCause diseases in domestic animals and humansMovement:

No cilia or flagellaExamples:

Toxoplasma – Mostly asymptomatic, found in cat feces Pregnant Women - Stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, mental

retardationCryptosporidiumPlasmodium – causes malaria Babesia

Plasmodium: Causes MalariaChillsFeverRupture of red blood cellsRelease of toxic chemicals