Chapter 8 Sec 1n 2” Royal Power and Conflict

Spain and England In One day!!

Spain

• In 1500 and 1600s European monarchs created powerful kingdoms

• Kings wanted a form of govt. called absolutism: where their subjects (people) would obey them completely.

• Strength of absolutism rested on idea of divine right: That their power to rule comes directly from God.

Phillip II

• The most powerful Royal family in Europe was the Hapsburgs under Charles V. But their lands were too scattered for one Hapsburg to rule all of it so it was split between sons:

• Phillip II , most powerful monarch in Spanish History (1556-1598)

• He gets to rule Spain, Netherlands, Southern Italy and Spain’s overseas Empire

Phillip II and the Spanish Armada

• Phillip was a Catholic and he wanted to end Protestantism in his lands , this led him into many costly wars

• He supported the Spanish inquisition against Jews and converted Muslims (Moriscos)

• He tried to make the Netherlands (aka Dutch) Catholic but they wanted to remain Protestant. War started!

• After 14 years (1567 to 1581) of war the Dutch declared independence from Spain with help of English Queen Elizabeth who sent weapons and English ships (and Pirates) to attack Spanish fleet

Sailing and sinking with The Spanish Armada!!

• In 1586 Phillip II of Spain had enough of English meddling in Dutch war so he assembled a HUGE fleet called an Armada.

• The Armada had 151 ships, 33,000 men and was going to invade England.

• In May 1588 the Armada sailed for the English Coast .• was defeated by English ships who sent in “fire ships” to break

up the fleet and had longer range cannons. Fleet was prevented from landing in England.

• Spanish fleet was mostly destroyed in storms as they tried to come home around the British Islands. Ended Spain’s Dominance

of the seas. (only 67 ships get back to Spain)

Spanish Armada of 1588

Spanish A Review:

• Create a clever sailing themed VISUAL Web of 10 plus details on rise of Spain and the Spanish Armada… (maybe in the shape of a boat / sails/ or chunky cannons/ or even a hot fire ship!)

Vlas:

• List at least 8 details on the Spanish Armada from this vla:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eERqRZvNTj0

• Horrible Histories: Fun facts 4 plus!:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e23OnR

apVg

England

• The Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603) brought unity to the country of England.

• Henry VII was first Tudor King, He takes over after winning the War of the Roses.

• Henry VIII his son, takes over, has 6 wives and breaks England away from the Catholic Church

• Henry VIII’s son Edward VI takes over at age 9 but then dies young at age 15.

• Mary, Henry VIII”s daughter from Catherine of Aragon, and a CATHOLIC, takes over in 1553 but quickly becomes very unpopular.

• She marries Phillip II KING of Spain annoying the English who are now mostly Protestant and don’t want Spain running their country! Also burns 300 Protestants at the stake!

• Lucky for the English, Mary dies childless in 1558 leaving the throne to her half sister Elizabeth.

• Elizabeth was the daughter of Anne Boleyn who was Henry VIII’s 2nd wife. *(remember the swordsman?) ooops

Queen Mary and her legacy:

Elizabeth I

• Became Queen in 1558 at 25 years old ruled until 1603!

• Was shrewd, highly educated and had a forceful personality

• Her reign was one of England’s greatest cultural periods. She encouraged the arts.

• Shakespeare wrote in this time• English language was transformed

Elizabeth I Cont.• She never married. Learned from her sister never

to marry a foreign Prince. Also did not want to create jealousy in English noble houses

• Her court was known for style and fashion (see VLA on wooly hats!) All enjoyed arts and music

• She did continue the work of her previous Tudors in building up and maintaining the English Navy

• relied on the Navy and the English Channel as a means of protecting England from threats from France or Spain

Wrap Up

• Create a Review quiz of 10 questions (with answers) from all of our notes on English Royal Power….

• OR…create one clever/funny Movie poster with a fun TITLE to your movie and write 5 exciting things that could be found in this movie about “Tudor” England Be ready to share….

VLAs:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e23OnRapVg