Chapter 9Chapter 9Section 3Section 3

Reforming Reforming SocietySociety

Cleaning Up the CityCleaning Up the City Clubs and reform groups asked the government Clubs and reform groups asked the government

for help to rid the cities of garbage, regulate for help to rid the cities of garbage, regulate better housing and improving public education better housing and improving public education

A man named A man named Lawrence Veiller Lawrence Veiller succeeded in succeeded in getting the getting the New York State Tenement House New York State Tenement House Act Act passed passed

Through this act the law required new buildings Through this act the law required new buildings to have one bathroom for each apartment or for to have one bathroom for each apartment or for every three rooms. Also for the rooms to have every three rooms. Also for the rooms to have access to light and fresh clean airaccess to light and fresh clean air

Others petitioned for the creation of a safe place Others petitioned for the creation of a safe place to play. As a result millions of dollars were spent to play. As a result millions of dollars were spent on playgrounds in the U.S.on playgrounds in the U.S.

City PlanningCity Planning Progressives believed that cleaner cities Progressives believed that cleaner cities

would produce better citizens. That beautiful would produce better citizens. That beautiful cities and impressive architecture would cities and impressive architecture would instill patriotism among the immigrant instill patriotism among the immigrant populationpopulation

{{In Chicago inIn Chicago in 1909 1909 Daniel BurnhamDaniel Burnham, a leading architect and city planner,} produced the first plan to redesign a U.S. city

City planers in Cleveland, San Francisco and City planers in Cleveland, San Francisco and Washington D.C. also hired BurnhamWashington D.C. also hired Burnham

Although some of his plans were never fully Although some of his plans were never fully built, people realized that city planning was a built, people realized that city planning was a necessary function of city governments necessary function of city governments

Daniel Burnham’s DesignDaniel Burnham’s Design

Moral ReformMoral Reform Progressives also wanted to reform “immoral” Progressives also wanted to reform “immoral”

behaviorbehavior They called for {They called for {ProhibitionProhibition or a ban on the

manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages}

Thousands of volunteer speakers spread the prohibition message one of them was {Billy Billy Sunday, Sunday, a former ball player who became a Presbyterian minister}

The Anti-Saloon League (ASL) and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) led the war against alcohol.

{Led by Frances Willard Frances Willard the WCTU became a strong national force}

In 1917 Congress proposed the 18th Amendment and the states ratified it in 1919. (However, it was repealed in 1933)

Movie goingMovie going {{Many reformers believed that Many reformers believed that motion picturesmotion pictures

were a threat to morality and should be censored}

Declaring that movies promoted immoral values reformers demanded that films be censored. As a result the movie industry began censoring itself

{This debate has not change much over the years. Some are still concerned about the content of movies and want them censored. Others believe that film in an expression and that we have freedom of expression. The movie industry continues to censor itself in order to avoid government or other organizations invoking censorship}

Progressivism & Racial Progressivism & Racial DiscriminationDiscrimination

Progressives were concerned about the poor. Progressives were concerned about the poor. However, very few white progressives devoted However, very few white progressives devoted much energy to issues of discrimination against much energy to issues of discrimination against African Americans and American IndiansAfrican Americans and American Indians

{{Some progressives expressed open prejudice Some progressives expressed open prejudice against African Americans and American against African Americans and American Indians}Indians}

{One of the most influential African American {One of the most influential African American leaders to come out of this period wasleaders to come out of this period was W.E.B. W.E.B. Du BoisDu Bois}

In 1909 Du Bois and a group of African American and white progressives met in New York City. Out of this meeting came the {National Association for the Advancement National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,of Colored People, (NAACP) an organization dedicated to ending racial discrimination}

Continued….Continued…. {W.E.B. {W.E.B. Du Bois edited Du Bois edited The Crisis,The Crisis, the

NAACP’s monthly magazine} The NAACP use the court system to fight

civil rights restrictions In 1915 the NAACP won its first victory in

{Guinn vs. United States Guinn vs. United States where the Supreme Court ruled that the “grandfather clause” that exempted whites from laws that were passed to keep the African Americans from voting was unconstitutional}

The National Urban League also fought for The National Urban League also fought for racial equality one of their goals was to help racial equality one of their goals was to help African American’s moving from the south to African American’s moving from the south to the north adjust to their new lives and the north adjust to their new lives and surroundingssurroundings

American Indians American Indians OrganizeOrganize

In 1911 a group of Native Americans In 1911 a group of Native Americans formed the Society of American Indians to formed the Society of American Indians to improve civil rights, education, health and improve civil rights, education, health and local governmentlocal government

Some members supported the Some members supported the strengthening of Native American culture. strengthening of Native American culture. But most favored complete absorption into But most favored complete absorption into white American culturewhite American culture

The debate on these issues led to the The debate on these issues led to the groups’ declinegroups’ decline

But it did lay the groundwork for later But it did lay the groundwork for later attempts to improve conditions for Native attempts to improve conditions for Native Americans Americans

Banquet for the Society of Banquet for the Society of American IndiansAmerican Indians

Immigrants & Immigrants & AssimilationAssimilation

Reformers lobbied to improve conditions for Reformers lobbied to improve conditions for immigrants immigrants

At the same time progressives criticized At the same time progressives criticized immigrants, accusing them of immoral immigrants, accusing them of immoral behavior such as drinking and gamblingbehavior such as drinking and gambling

Many progressives supported Many progressives supported Americanization, Americanization, a process of preparing a process of preparing foreign-born residents for full U.S. citizenship, foreign-born residents for full U.S. citizenship, to make them more like native-born citizensto make them more like native-born citizens

{Native Americans and some immigrants {Native Americans and some immigrants rejected help from reformers because the rejected help from reformers because the reformers did not respect their culture}reformers did not respect their culture}

Review QuestionsReview Questions In the early 1910’s how much did women earn in a week In the early 1910’s how much did women earn in a week

on average?on average? The American Federation of Labor (AFL), The American Federation of Labor (AFL), refused to

accept what type of workers? In what city did Daniel BurnhamDaniel Burnham, a leading architect and

city planner, produced the first plan to redesign a U.S. city?

What is Prohibition?Prohibition? What did reformers believed wasWhat did reformers believed was a threat to

morality and should be censored Some progressives expressed open prejudice Some progressives expressed open prejudice

against what groups of people?against what groups of people? One of the most influential African American One of the most influential African American

leaders to come out of this period was who?leaders to come out of this period was who?

This guy is why people This guy is why people thought prohibition was a thought prohibition was a

good ideagood idea