CHAPTER III

WOMAN CAREER

I. READING COMPREHENSION

A. Pre-Reading Activity

Answer the Questions before you read the text below!

1. Do you agree if woman works? Why?2. Which do you prefer having a mother who works or stays at home? Why?

B. Reading Activity

Read the text and answer the questions!

During the nineteenth century, women in the United States organized and participated in a large number of reform movement, including movements to reorganize the prison system, improve education, ban the sale of alcohol, and most, importantly, to free the slaves. Some women saw similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone were feminists and abolitionists who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A number of male abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Philips, also supported the rights of women to speak and participate equally with men in antislavery activities. Probably more than any other movement, abolitionism offered women previously denied entry into politics. They became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions and the conditions of others.

When the Civil War ended in 1865, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution adopted, in 1868 and 1870 granted citizenship and suffrage to blacks but not to women. Discouraged but resolved, feminists influenced more and more women to demand the right to vote. In 1869 Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but eastern states resisted more stubbornly than before. A women's suffrage bill had been presented to every Congress since 1878 but it continually failed to pass until 1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

1. When were women allowed to vote throughout the United States?

2. What is mainly discussed in the second paragraph?

3. What is the topic of the passage primarily concerned with?

4. According to the passage, why did women become active in politics?

5. "A women's suffrage bill had been presented to …

The closest meaning to the underlined word is ……………

II. VOCABULARY Find the meaning of those words below and make a sentence using the word above

1. Movement : _________________________________________________

2. Slaves : _________________________________________________

3. Abolitionism : _________________________________________________

4. Granted : _________________________________________________

5. Suffrage : _________________________________________________

III. GRAMMAR FOCUS

1. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

A. Forms

+ I /You / They / We / He / She / It will work

- I /You / They / We / He / She / It will not (won’t) work

? Will I /You / They / We / He / She / It

work

B. Uses of “will”

We can use will (‘ll) + bare infinitive to refer to the future when we make an instant or spontaneous decision to do something:A : We’ve run out of paper for the printer

B : I’ll go and get some from the stock room

We can use will to make predictions that will be true in the futureTV will make a great impact on consumer behavior, and advertisers will have

to approach customers in completely new way.

Will can also be used to ask if someone is willing to do something, to make request, promises, and threats, and to offer help:a. Hello caller, I am afraid the line is busy. Will you hold?

b. A: Will you give me a hand with these boxes?

B: Yes, of course I will

c. Don’t worry about the meeting. I will support you.

The word won’t can mean is not willing to or is refusing to:

There’s something wrong with the printer. It won’t print copies in reverse order.

Exercises!

Put the verbs in the following sentences into the future structure by using will or present continuous!

Mr. Fadli : I’ve booked your flight and hotel for business travel to Indonesia. You are ……………….(leave) on 18th at 10.30 am, and that means you ………(be) in Jakarta late afternoon.

Ms. Chris : What about hotel?

Mr. Fadli : You …………….(stay) at Novotel Hotel and you …………(have) to get a taxi there from the airport. Your first meeting is on Tuesday, and you ………………(see) Mr. Yuliardi from the Ministry of Agriculture at 7 pm.

Ms. Chris : …………………..(I/need) any vaccinations?

Mr. Fadli : I’m not sure, but leave it with me. I ……………..(phone) the travel agent, and I …………..(let) you know what she says.

MODAL VERBS: OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY (MUST, HAVE TO,

NEEDN’T)

A. Form

A number of different modal verbs can be used to express obligation. Look at the list below. All of these are followed by the bare infinitive:

OBLIGATION NO OBLIGATION PROHIBITION

Must needn’t mustn’t

Have to don’t have to can’t

Have got to haven’t got to (be) not allowed to

B. Expressing obligation:

We use must, have to, and have got to say that something is obligatory:

I have to finish my report by 4.10

Applicant must include the names of two referees

We use needn’t, don’t have to, and haven’t got to if something isn’t necessary:

You needn’t stay late. We have cancelled the meeting

We don’t have to pay our bill until the 30th

We use mustn’t, can’t and not allowed to say that something is forbidden:I’m sorry, we can’t be allowed to give you your bank balance by

phone

C. Talking about obligations and telling people what to do

Have (got) to, don’t have to, can’t and (be) not allowed to are more common hen the speaker is talking about obligations and prohibitions. Must, needn’t

and mustn’t are more common when the speaker is giving an order or telling someone what to do.

A. I’ve got to be in Jakarta by 3.30

B. Then you must leave immediately, because the traffic is terrible.

D. Past Obligation

When talking about the past, we use had to, didn’t have to and couldn’t/wasn’t allowed to:

In my last job, I had to be at the office by 8.000. We didn’t have to work hard but we couldn’t leave the office without asking for permission

Write down the following people might say in these situations using must, needn’t, or mustn’t

1. A supervisor in a supermarket hears a check-out operator being rude to a customers

2. A clerk in a store is explaining to a customer that refunds cannot be given without a reject

3. A pension salesman in explaining that there is no obligation to pay contributions every month

4. You have just heard a colleague give a terrible presentation. Give him some advice

5. You notice that a colleague uses the ‘save’ facility on his computer every ten minutes. You know that the computer has an ‘auto-save’ facility.

6. You overhear a temporary secretary discussing travel insurance with a travel agent. Your company has a policy that covers all the employees.

7. Anton is a SMU student. His hair is too long. Give him some advice

8. The speed limit is 20 kilometers on hour but Joko drives at 40.

9. The dress you bought is very good quality.

10. Your sister laughed after she talked with him

We can use shall + infinitive to offer help and to make suggestion:

o Offering Help

A: I don’t think I’m going to be able to get through all these letters.

B. Shall I give you a hand?

o Making Suggestions

A. I need to have a word with you about the new project

B. OK. Shall we meet this afternoon at 1.30

NOTE: that we can only use Shall I…………….? and Shall we…..? in this way.

We cannot say Shall he….?, Shall you……….? Etc

There are a number of other phrases we can use in informal English for making

suggestion:

- Where shall we go for lunch?

- Let’s go to that new restaurant?

- How about going to that new restaurant?

- What about going to that new restaurant?

In more formal English we can use the verbs suggest and advise:

-I suggest that you read the contract carefully

- I advice that you read the contract carefully

We can use should and ought to + infinitive, to give advice or to express obligation

relating to the present or the future (see also must and have to)

- You should keep an accountant of all your expense (this refer to the present)

- When you go to the conference next week, you ought to give Mr Franks a ring

(this refers to the future)

Exercises!

Write down the following people might say in these situations using should,

shouldn’t or ought to!

1. Tony has a test today, but he didn’t study for it yesterday.

2. We met the children near the market. They didn’t wear their raincoat

3. My teacher is usually late for the class.

4. After cooking some dishes, the whole kitchen is still very dirty.

5. Bagus no longer waits for Nita to eat lunch at the cafeteria; and he doesn’t

call her either.

Write an e-mail or a letter to a friend who is going to visit Indonesia for a business/

studying/ vacation. Give advice about what he / she should and should not do during

in your country.

IV. FOLLOW UP

Make a short paragraph about your dream. What will you do after you graduate from university? Will you marry or work? Please discuss with your group.

V. SPEAKING

Make a short conversation about the effects if woman works toward her family or her environment.

For example:A : Do you agree if the woman works to help her father to meet her family needs?B : I agree because it can make her more creative. C : I disagree with you. In my opinion woman’s jobs are taking their children,

handling the domestic problem, cooking and cleaning the house. A : Why do you say like this? B :C :