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CHAPTER SEVENTEENThe Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change
III. The West by 1750
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
A. A New SpiritFrancesco Petrarch (1304-1374)
Secular writing
B. The Italian Renaissance
Begins 14th, 15th centuries
In northern Italy
Italy
Urbanized
Merchant class
Political rivalry
Petrarch, Boccaccio
Use Italian
Secular topics
Painting
Use of perspective
Shadow, distance
Focus on humans
Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
B. The Italian RenaissanceMichelango Buonarotti
Leonardo da Vinci
Nicolo Machiavelli
Humanism
Looking back to classical past
Study of texts, especially ancient
C. The Renaissance Moves Northward
By 1500, impetus moves north
Northern Renaissance
France, Low Countries, England, Germany
Thence to eastern Europe
More concerned with religious matters
William Shakespeare
Miguel de Cervantes
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
D. Changes in Technology and Family
Technology
printing
Family
later marriage age common
nuclear family common
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
E. The Protestant and Catholic Reformations
1517, Martin Luther's challenge
Attacks church institutions
Bible the only authority
Vernacular translations
Protestant protest used for political gain
German opposition to the papacy
Rulers seize church lands
Henry VIII
Establishes Anglican church
Jean Calvin
Calvinism
Predestination
Catholic Reformation
Renewal
Jesuits
Missionaries
Education
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce
F. The End of Christian Unity in the West
Religious Wars
France
Calvinists v. Catholics
1598, Edict of Nantes
Promises Protestants’ toleration
30 Years War (1618-1648)
Devastating to Germany
Netherlands independent
Literacy increases
G. The Commercial Revolution Inflation, 16th century
Gold, silver from New World
Demand outstrips supply
H. Social ProtestProletariat develops
Attitudes towards poor change
Protests
Witchcraft hysteria
Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change
A. Did Copernicus Copy?
Nicolai Copernicus
Polish monk
Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi?
Earlier Arab scientists
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change
B. Science: The New AuthorityNew instruments add to data collectionGalileo Galilei
Uses Copernicus' work
Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work
William HarveyCirculatory system
MethodsFrancis Bacon
Empirical researchRené Descartes
SkepticismIsaac Newton
System of natural laws
DeismGod does not intervene with nature
John LockeUse of reason
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change
C. Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies
17th century, medieval balance disrupted
France dominatesCentralized monarchyBureaucracy“Absolute monarchy"Louis XIV the best example
Nobles kept at court
Other absolute monarchsSpain, Prussia, Austria-HungaryTerritorial expansion
EnglandDifferenceCivil War
Parliament triumphant
Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change
D. The Nation-StateDefinition
Common language, culture
National literature, songs, foods
Territorial aspect
Common allegiance
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The West by 1750
A. Political Patterns
Great change in central Europe
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Religious freedom
State regulates economy
Overseas commercial networks
Continual warfare
France v. Britain
Rivalry over overseas territory
Prussia v. Austria
Territorial conflicts
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The West by 1750
B. Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture
Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment
Scientific methods applied to other fields
General principles
People are good
Reason the answer
Belief in progress
Political science
Adam Smith
Laissez-faire
Criminology
Society
Women's rights
Protection of children
Attack inequities
Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West: 1450-1750
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. The West by 1750
C. Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing
Mass consumerism
AgricultureNitrogen-fixing cropsStockbreedingSwamp drainagePotatoes, etc. introduced
Domestic systemHouseholds produce finished goods
D. Innovation and InstabilityChange becomes the norm