CHAPTER SIXTEENThe World Economy

World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II. Toward a World EconomyIII. Colonial Expansion

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power

Increasing contact from 12th century

From Crusades, Reconquista

Familiarity with imports

Changes

Mongol fall

Ottomans intervene

European efforts to expand

A. New Technology: A Key to Power

Deep-draught ships

Better on ocean voyages

Armaments better

Compasses, mapmaking help navigation

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power

B. Portugal and Spain Lead the PackSpain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power

B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack

Prince Henry the Navigator

Expeditions along African coast

1488, pass Cape of Good Hope

1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India

1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China

Columbus

To Americas, 1492

Ferdinand Magellan

1519, begins circumnavigation of the world

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Portugal and Spain lead the Rise of WestPrince Henry the Navigator

Expeditions along African coast

1498 - Vasco da Gama reaches India

Columbus - to Americas - 1492Ferdinand Magellan – 1519 - circumnavigation of

world

1588, British defeat Spanish Armada1534 - French cross the Atlantic - settle Canada1497 - British to North America - 1600s - begin

colonizationDutch - North American territory & Indonesia

Chartered companies – raise armies; control trade

Dutch/British East India Company

Little government supervision

Example: British control of India until 1947

What is the most significant result of the British defeat of the Spanish in 1588?

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Colonial Expansion

A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies

Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

The Global Economy – Change

The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food

Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities Silver/gold/lumber/food exported

Slaves imported

New World plants: corn, sweet potato, potato

Old World animals: horses, cattle

The Global Economy – Continuity

Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters

Muslim traders along east African coast

Turks in eastern Mediterranean

Europeans - remain on coast in Africa & Asia

Draw the Columbian Exchange

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

The role of financial systems – bankingSpain and Portugal lack England, France, Holland – more advanced

MercantilismExports, home production protected –

mother countryDependent areas (COLONIES) supply

raw materials; forced to trade only w/mother country

A System of International InequalityPermanent state of dependence

But peasants mostly unaffectedForced labor - widespread - + demand

1500s

Compare Mercantilism with the Hanseatic League & Swahili trade

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Not all areas of world affected

East Asia self-sufficient

China uninterested in world economy -keep Europeans out

Japan - open initially BUT closes trade w/Europe 17th - 19th centuries

W. Europe – Expansionist Trend

Mughal Empire in decline

British, French move in

Eastern Europe

Exports grain to the West

How much of the world participated in the global Economy?

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Colonial ExpansionBritish & French North America: Backwater Colonies

French, British and Dutch Holdings

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

British North America

*Different pattern from Latin America

Religious refugees – Protestants

Land grants – economic motives

Native pop. not enslaved – rebel/die of disease; African slaves imported

Canada - French establish estates

Controlled by state

Only French Catholics allowed to migrate

1763 – French cede Canada & Mississippi to British – after losing Seven Years War

*Little merging of natives and immigrants

*Enlightenment ideas popular

North America and Western Civilization

European-style family

European economic, political ideas

Note one difference between Latin American colonization & North American colonization

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Latin AmericaSpain/ Portugal

P-direct control

E-mining – all goods went through Seville, Spain; lacked banking system

S – natives/mestizos treated poorly; Spain – no slaves importedBrazil – imports slavesStrict social hierarchy; Spaniards marry native womenReligion - Catholicism

North AmericaBritish/French

P-British – land grantsFr-direct control

E- mercantilism; trade controlled by Dutch/British East India Companies; banking system – loans to entrepreneurs S – natives treated poorly by GBFr – allied w/native Americans

Br – slaves importedFr – no slaves importedBritish do not intermarry w/native

Br – ProtestantFr - Catholic

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations

Barriers: climate, disease, geography

Angola - Portuguese slaving expeditions

South Africa

1652 - Dutch found Cape Town

Settlers move into interior

Conflicts with natives

Philippines

Spain – conversion

Indonesia

Dutch East India Company

Also Taiwan briefly

India - French and British fight for control

1744 - war begins; British victorious

Write one effect of colonialization on each of the following:

Chapter 16: The World Economy

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Impact of Colonial Expansion on western Europe

Hostilities between countries exacerbated b/c of competition over colonies

Seven Years’ War

-First global war

-Columbian Exchange – longer life spans; lower child mortality rates in Europe

The Impact of a New World Order

Effects of Slave trade on Africa

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Effects of slavery on Latin America

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Effects of serf system on eastern Europe

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Effects of Colonial Expansion on Europe & colonies