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Chapter TenSIMPLE INTEREST
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
10-2
LEARNING UNIT OBJECTIVES
LU 10-1: Calculation of Simple Interest and Maturity Value
1. List the steps to complete the U.S. Rule.2. Complete the proper interest credits under the U.S. Rule.
LU 10-3: U.S. Rule -- Making Partial Note Payments before Due Date
LU 10-2: Finding Unknown in Simple Interest Formula
1. Using the interest formula, calculate the unknown when the other two (principal, rate, or time) are given.
1. Calculate simple interest and maturity value for months and years.
2. Calculate simple interest and maturity value by (a) exact interest and (b) ordinary interest.
10-3
MATURITY VALUE
Maturity Value (MV) = Principal (P) + Interest (I)
The amount of the loan(face value)
Cost of borrowing
money
10-4
SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA
Simple Interest (I) = Principal (P) x Rate (R) x Time (T)
Stated as aPercent
Stated in Years
Example: Jan Carley borrowed $30,000 for office furniture. The loan was for 6 months at an annual interest rate of 8%. What are Jan’s interest and maturity value?
I = $30,000 x .08 x 6 = $1,200 interest 12
MV = $30,000 + $1,200 = $31,200 maturity value
10-5
SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA
Simple Interest (I) = Principal (P) x Rate (R) x Time (T)
Stated as aPercent
Stated in years
Example: Jan borrowed $30,000. The loan was for 1 year at a rate of 8%. What is interest and maturity value?
I = $30,000 x .08 x 1 = $2,400 interest
MV = $30,000 + $2,400 = $32,400 maturity value
10-6
TWO METHODS OF CALCULATING SIMPLE INTEREST AND MATURITY
VALUE
Exact Interest (365 Days)
Time = Exact number of days 365
Method 1: Exact Interest Used by Federal Reserve banks and the federal government
10-7
METHOD 1:EXACT INTEREST
Exact Interest (365 Days)
On March 4, Peg Carry borrowed $40,000 at 8%. Interest and principal are due on July 6.
I = P x R x T 124 365$40,000 x .08 x
= $1,087.12 interest
MV = P + I$40,000 + $1,087.12 = $41,087.12 maturity value
10-8
TWO METHODS OF CALCULATING SIMPLE INTEREST AND MATURITY
VALUE
Ordinary Interest (360 Days)
Time = Exact number of days 360
Method 2 : Ordinary Interest (Banker’s Rule)
10-9
METHOD 2ORDINARY INTEREST
Ordinary Interest (360 Days)
On March 4, Peg Carry borrowed $40,000 at 8%. Interest and principal are due on July 6.
MV = P + I$40,000 + $1102.22 = $41,102.22 maturity value
I = P x R x T 124 360$40,000 x .08 x
= $1,002.22 interest
10-10
TWO METHODS OF CALCULATING SIMPLE INTEREST AND MATURITY
VALUE
Exact Interest (365 Days)
MV = P + I$15,000 + $322.19 = $15,322.19
Ordinary Interest (360 Days)
MV = P + I$15,000 + $326.67 = $15,326.67
On May 4, Dawn Kristal borrowed $15,000 at 8%. Interest and principal are due on August 10.
I = P X R X T 98 365
$15,000 x .08 x
= $322.19 interest
I = P X R X T 98 360
$15,000 x .08 x
= $326.67 interest
10-11
FINDING UNKNOWN IN SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA: PRINCIPAL
Principal = Interest Rate x Time
Example: Tim Jarvis paid the bank $19.48 interest at 9.5% for 90 days. How much did Tim borrow using the ordinary interest method?
P = $19.48 . = $820.21 .095 x (90/360)
.095 times 90 divided by 360. (Do not round answer.)
Interest (I) = Principal (P) x Rate (R) x Time (T)
Check 19.48 = 820.21 x .095 x 90/360
10-12
FINDING UNKNOWN IN SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA: RATE
Interest (I) = Principal (P) x Rate (R) x Time (T)
Check 19.48 = 820.21 x .095 x 90/360
Rate = Interest Principal x Time
Example: Tim Jarvis borrowed $820.21 from a bank. Tim’s interest is $19.48 for 90 days. What rate of interest did Tim pay using the ordinary interest method?
$19.48 .R = $820.21 x (90/360) = 9.5%
10-13
FINDING UNKNOWN IN SIMPLE INTEREST FORMULA: TIME
Interest (I) = Principal (P) x Rate (R) x Time (T)
Check 19.48 = 820.21 x .095 x 90/360
Time (years) = Interest Principle x Rate
Example: Tim Jarvis borrowed $820.21 from a bank. Tim’s interest is $19.48 for 90 days. What rate of interest did Tim pay using ordinary interest method?
T = $19.48
= .25. $820.21 x .095 .25 x 360 = 90 days
Convert years to days (assume 360 days)
10-14
U.S. RULE - MAKING PARTIAL NOTE PAYMENTS BEFORE DUE DATE
Any partial loan payment first covers any interest that has built up. The remainder of the partial
payment reduces the loan principal.
Allows the borrower to receive proper interest credits.
10-15
U.S. RULE(EXAMPLE)
Step 1. Calculate interest on principal from date of loan to date of first
principalpayment.
Step 2. Apply partial payment to interest due.
Subtract remainder of payment from principal.
Joe Mill owes $5,000 on an 11%, 90-day note. On day 50, Joe pays $600 on the note. On day 80, Joe makes an $800 additional payment. Assume a 360-day year. What is Joe’s adjusted balance after day 50 and after day 80? What is the ending balance due?
$600 -- 76.39 = $523.61$5,000 – 523.61 = $4,476.39
$5,000 x .11 x 50 = $76.39 360
10-16
U.S. RULE(EXAMPLE, CONTINUED)
Step 3. Calculate interest on adjusted balance that starts from previous payment date and goes to new payment date. Then apply Step 2.
Step 4. At maturity, calculate interest from last partial payment. Add this interest to adjusted balance.
Joe Mill owes $5,000 on an 11%, 90-day note. On day 50, Joe pays $600 on the note. On day 80, Joe makes an $800 additional payment. Assume a 360-day year. What is Joe’s adjusted balance after day 50 and after day 80? What is the ending balance due?
$4,476.39 x .11 x 30 = $41.03 360
$800 -- 41.03 = $758.97
$4,476.39 – 758.97 = $3717.42
$3,717.42 x .11 x 10 = $11.36 360
$3,717.42 + $11.36 = $3,728.78