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1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 1
TRNG H CNG NGH THNG TIN
KHOA K THUT MY TNH
He ieu Hanh
(Operating Systems)
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 2
He ieu Hanh
Thi gian:
- L thuyt: 45 tit
- Thc hnh: 30 tit
im s:
- im thi gia k: 30%
- im thc hnh: 20%
- im thi cui HK: 50% Khoa K thut my tnh
GV: ThS. H L Hoi Trung
Email: [email protected]
https://sites.google.com/site/trunghlhitu/he-dhieu-
hanh/hk2-2013-2014
Module
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 3
Ti liu tham kho
1. Trn Hnh Nhi, L Khc Nhin n. Gio trnh h iu hnh. Trung tm pht trin cng ngh thng tin-HQG.HCM, 2005.
2. Nguyn Ph Trng. Gio trnh h iu hnh. H Cn Th, 2005.
3. Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne. Operating System Concepts. Nineth edition, John Wiley & Sons,2013
4. Mark E. Russinovich and David A. Solomon, Microsoft Windows Internals, 4th Edition, Microsoft Press, 2004.
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 4
Ni dung mn hc
Chng 1: Tng quan v h iu hnh
Chng 2: Cu trc H iu hnh
Chng 3: Qun l tin trnh (Processes)
Chng 4: nh thi CPU
Chng 5: ng b ha tin trnh
Chng 6: Tc nghn (Deadlocks)
Chng 7: Qun l b nh
Chng 8: B nh o
c thm tiu lun:
Chng 9: H thng qun l tp tin
Chng 10: H thng qun l nhp/xut
Chng 11: Bo v v an ton h thng
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 5
Hnh thc thi
Thi gia k:
Thi t lun & trc nghim.
ng.
Thi gian lm bi 60-75.
Ni dung thi t chng 1 chng 4. Trong ti liu s 3 chng 1- 2 chim 15%
Thi cui k:
Thi t lun & trc nghim.
ng.
Thi gian lm bi 75-90.
Ni dung Chng 1 chng 8. trong chng 1 4 chim 15%
Bi tp ln
1. https://sites.google.com/site/trunghlhitu/he-dhieu-hanh/project-mini
2. Thc hnh v
nh ngha H iu Hnh?
Hc ci g? Ti sao phi hc HH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 6
MiniProject
ti 01: Hin thc cc gii thut xp lch CPU: FCFS, SJF, SJF (preemptive & non-preemptive), priority, Round Robin. S dng giao din,minh ha chy tng bc ca cc gii thut
ti 02: o thi gian thc thi ca cc process -ca mi loi process (thi gian trong lc thc thi, thi gian trong lc ch s kin I/O)
ti 03: BootLoader
ti 04: Bin dch 1 kernel c cc chc nngtheo yu cu trn kin trc my ch nh.
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 7
MiniProject
ti 05: Vit 1 system call thm vo h iuhnh.
ti 06: Hin thc c ch giao tip gia cc process vi nhau.
ti 07: Hin thc c ch blocking trong qu trnh giao tip gia cc process
ti 08: Hin thc c ch ng b ca cc process trong h iu hnh Pintos
ti 09: Ci tin Thread trong h iu hnhPintos.
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 8
MiniProject
ti 10: Ci tin cc process chy ch
ngi dng trong h iu hnh Pintos
ti 11: Xy dng b nh o cho h iu
hnh Pintos.
ti 12: Xy dng h thng File cho h iu
hnh Pintos.
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 9
Computing Devices Everywhere
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 11
Chng I:
Tng quan h iu hnh
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 12
1.1. Tong quan
Gii thieu
nh ngha he ieu hanh
Cau truc he thong may tnh
Cac chc nang chnh cua he ieu hanh
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 13
nh ngha
He ieu hanh la g?
Chng trnh trung gian gia phan
cng may tnh va ngi s dung, co
chc nang ieu khien va phoi hp
vec s dung phan cng va cung cap
cac dch vu c ban cho cac ng
dung.
Muc tieu
Giup ngi dung de dang s dung
he thong.
Quan ly va cap phat tai nguyen he
thong mot cach hieu qua.
Phan cng
He ieu Hanh
Cac ng dung
Ngi dung
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 14
nh ngha (tt)
Hnh cua Dror G. Feitelson
System
Physical devices
Microprogramming
Machine language
Operating system
Compilers EditorsCommand
interpreter
Banking
system
Airline
reservationWeb browser Application programs
Hardware
System programs
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 15
Cac thanh phan cua he thong
User
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 16
Cac thanh phan cua he thong (tt)
Phan cng (hardware)
Bao gom cac tai nguyen c ban cua may tnh nh CPU, bo nh, cac
thiet b I/O,...
He ieu hanh (operating system)
Phan phoi tai nguyen, ieu khien va phoi hp cac hoat ong cua cac
chng trnh trong he thong.
Chng trnh ng dung (application programs)
S dung tai nguyen he thong e giai quyet mot van e tnh toan nao o
cua ngi s dung, v du: compilers, database systems, video games,
business programs.
D lieu
Cu trc ca h thng
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 17
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 18
Cac chc nang chnh cua OS
Phan chia thi gian x ly va nh thi CPU
Phoi hp va ong bo hoat ong gia cac processes
(coordination & synchronization)
Quan ly tai nguyen he thong (thiet b I/O, bo nh, file cha d
lieu,)
Thc hien va kiem soat access control, protection
Duy tr s nhat quan (integrity) cua he thong, kiem soat loi va
phuc hoi he thong khi co loi (error recovery)
Cung cap giao dien lam viec cho users
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 19
Cc dng HH
Same machine, different operating systems:
IBM PC: DOS, Linux, NeXTSTEP, Windows, SCO Unix
DEC VAX: VMS, Ultrix-32, 4.3 BSD UNIX
Same OS, different machines: UNIX
PC (XENIX 286, APPLE A/UX)
CRAY-Y/MP (UNICOS - AT&T Sys V)
IBM 360/370 (Amdahl UNIX UTS/580, IBM UNIX AIX/ESA)
Windows NT, XP, 2000, 2003
Intel i386 (i486 an NT 4.0), Alpha, PowerPC, MIPS, Itanium
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 20
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
Di gc loi my tnh
H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame
H iu hnh dnh cho my Server
H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU
H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC)
H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)
H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit
H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 21
Di gc s chng trnh c s dng cng lc
H iu hnh n nhim
H iu hnh a nhim
Di gc ngi dng (truy xut ti nguyn cng lc)
Mt ngi dng
Nhiu ngi dng
Mng ngang hng
Mng c my ch: LAN, WAN, ...
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 22
Di gc hnh thc x l
H thng x l theo l
H thng chia s
H thng song song
H thng phn tn
H thng x l thi gian thc
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 23
HE THONG X LY N CHNG
n chng- Tac vu c thi hanh tuan t.
- Bo giam sat thng trc,
- CPU va cac thao tac nhap xuat,
- X ly offline,
- ong bo hoa cac thao tac ben ngoai - Spooling
(Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line)
Nhap XuatMay tnh
chnh
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 24
HE THONG X LY A CHNG
Bo x ly Ket thuc tac vu
Tac vuI/O
Nhieu tac vu san sang thi hanh cung mot thi iem.
Khi mot tac vu thc hien I/O, bat au tac vu khac.
Bo x ly va thiet b thi hanh toan thi gian.
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 25
Multiprogrammed systems
Nhieu cong viec c nap ong thi vao bo nh chnh
Khi mot tien trnh thc hien I/O, mot tien trnh khac c thc thi
Tan dung c thi gian ranh, tang hieu suat s dung CPU (CPU utilization)
Yeu cau oi vi he ieu hanhnh thi cong viec (job scheduling):
chon job trong job pool tren a va nap
no vao bo nh e thc thi.
Quan ly bo nh (memory management)nh thi CPU (CPU scheduling)Cap phat tai nguyen (a, may in,)Bao ve
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 26
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 27
HE THONG CHIA XE THI GIAN
He thong a nhiem (multitasking).
Lap lch CPU.
Thi gian chuyen oi gia cac tac vu rat ngan.
Bo x ly
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 28
Time-sharing systems
Multiprogrammed systems khong cung cap kha nang
tng tac hieu qua vi users
CPU luan phien thc thi gia cac cong viec
Moi cong viec c chia mot phan nho thi gian CPU
(time slice, quantum time)
Cung cap tng tac gia user va he thong vi thi
gian ap ng (response time) nho (1 s)
Mot cong viec ch c chiem CPU khi no nam trong bo
nh chnh.
Khi can thiet, mot cong viec nao o co the c chuyen
t bo nh chnh ra thiet b lu tr (swapping), nhng bo
nh chnh cho cong viec khac.
HE THONG CHIA XE THI GIAN
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 29
Yeu cau oi vi OS trong he thong time-sharing
nh thi cong viec (job scheduling)
Quan ly bo nh (memory management)
Virtual memory
Quan ly cac qua trnh (process management)
nh thi CPU
ong bo cac qua trnh (synchronization)
Giao tiep gia cac qua trnh (process communication)
Tranh deadlock
Quan ly he thong file, he thong lu tr
Cap phat hp ly cac tai nguyen
Bao ve (protection)
HE THONG CHIA XE THI GIAN
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 30
HE THONG A X LY
Bo
x ly
Bo
x ly
Bo nh chnh
Hai hoac nhieu bo x ly cung chia se mot bo nh.
Master/Slave : mot bo x ly chnh kiem soat mot so bo x ly I/O
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 31
He thong song song (parallel, multiprocessor, hay tightly-
coupled system)
Nhieu CPU
Chia se computer bus, clock
u iem
Nang xuat he thong (System throughput): cang nhieu
processor th cang nhanh xong cong viec
Multiprocessor system t ton kem hn multiple single-
processor system: v co the dung chung tai nguyen
(a,)
o tin cay: khi mot processor hong th cong viec cua
no c chia se gia cac processor con lai
HE THONG A X LY
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 32
Phan loai he thong song song
a x ly oi xng (symmetric multiprocessor - SMP)
Moi processor van hanh mot identical copy cua he ieu
hanh
Cac copy giao tiep vi nhau khi can
(Windows NT, Solaris 5.0, Digital UNIX, OS/2, Linux)
a x ly bat oi xng (asymmetric multiprocessor)
Moi processor thc thi mot cong viec khac nhau
Master processor nh thi va phan cong viec cho cac
slave processors
(SunOS 4.0)
HE THONG A X LY
Symmetric Multiprocessing
Architecture
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 33
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 34
HE THONG PHAN TAN
Nhieu may tnh lien ket vi nhau bang ng truyen thong ac biet.
Tng t he thong a x ly nhng khong chia xe bo nh.
Giao tiep mang
Bo x ly
Bo nh
He thong may tnh 1
Giao tiep mang
Bo x ly
Bo nh
He thong may tnh 2
Mang
1.2. PHAN LOAI HE IEU HANH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 35
He thong phan tan (distributed system, loosely-coupled
system)
Moi processor co bo nh rieng, cac processor giao tiep qua cac kenh noi nh mang, bus toc o cao
Ngi dung ch thay mot he thong n nhat
u iem
Chia se tai nguyen (resource sharing)
Chia se sc manh tnh toan (computational sharing)
o tin cay cao (high reliability)
o san sang cao (high availability): cac dch vu cua he thong c cung cap lien tuc cho du mot thanh phan
hardware tr nen hong
HE THONG PHAN TAN
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 36
He thong phan tan (tt)
Cac mo hnh he thong phan tan
Client-server
Server: cung cap dch vu
Client: co the s dung dch vu cua server
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
Cac peer (may tnh trong he thong) eu ngang hang nhau
Khong co c s d lieu tap trung
Cac peer la t tr
Vd: Gnutella
HE THONG PHAN TAN
Cluster
Asymmetric clustering (bt ng b)
Symmetric clustering (ng b)
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 37
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 38
He thong thi gian thc
(real-time system)
He thong thi gian thc (real-time system)
S dung trong cac thiet b chuyen dung nh ieu khien cac th nghiem khoa hoc, ieu khien trong y khoa, day chuyen cong nghiep, thiet b
gia dung, quan s
Rang buoc ve thi gian: hard va soft real-time
Phan loai
Hard real-time
Han che (hoac khong co) bo nh phu, tat ca d lieu nam trong bo
nh chnh (RAM hoac ROM)
Yeu cau ve thi gian ap ng/x ly rat nghiem ngat, thng s
dung trong ieu khien cong nghiep, robotics,
Soft real-time
Thng c dung trong lnh vc multimedia, virtual reality vi
yeu cau mem deo hn ve thi gian ap ng
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 39
Thiet b cam tay (handheld system)
Personal digital assistant (PDA): Palm, Pocket-PC
ien thoai di ong (cellular phones)
ac trng
Bo nh
Toc o processor thap (e t ton pin)
Man hnh hien th co kch thc nho va o phan giai thap.
Co the dung cac cong nghe ket noi nh IrDA, Bluetooth, wireless
Thiet b cam tay
(handheld system)
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 40
1.3. LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA HE IEU HANH
The he 1 (1945 - 1955)- Thiet ke, xay dng, lap trnh, thao tac: eu do 1 nhom ngi
- Lu tren phieu uc lo
The he 2 (1955 - 1965)- Xuat hien s phan cong cong viec
- He thong s ly theo lo ra i, lu tren bang t
- Hoat ong di s ieu khien ac biet cua 1 chng trnh
The he 3 (1965 - 1980)-Ra i he ieu hanh, khai niem a chng
- HH chia se thi gian nh CTSS cua MIT
- MULTICS, UNIX
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 41
1.3. LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA HE IEU HANH
The he 4 (1980 - )-Ra i may tnh ca nhan, IBM PC
- HH MS-DOS, MacOS (Apple Macintosh), MS Windows, OS/1
- Linux, QNX, HH mang,
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 42
Operating Systems Evolution
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 43
Windows And Linux Evolution
Windows and Linux kernels are based on foundations developed in the mid-1970s
1970 1980 1990 2000
1970 1980 1990 2000
(see http://www.levenez.com for diagrams showing history of Windows & Unix)
Todays Operating Systems:Computers Cheap
in thoi thng minh (Smartphones)
H Thng Nhng (Embedded systems)
Laptops
Tablets
My o (Virtual machines)
Data center servers
Tomorrows Operating Systems
Giant-scale data centers
Increasing numbers of processors per
computer
Increasing numbers of computers per user
Very large scale storage
Tng kt
nh ngha HH
Cc chc nng ca HH
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 46
Tng kt
MainFrame
Server
CPU
My tnh c nhn (PC)
PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)
H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit
H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 47
Tng kt
H thng x l theo l
H thng chia s
H thng song song
H thng phn tn
H thng x l thi gian thc
1/20/2015 Khoa KTMT 48