Chemistry : Introduction to Matter

1.1 Describing Matter

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Hold up something that is an example of matter.

Properties of Matter

Chemistry - the study of the properties of matter & how matter changes

Substance a single kind of matter

that is pure Always has a specific

make-up & specific set of properties.

Write 3 examples of substances.

What are the 2 kinds of propertiesevery form of matter has?

Physical Properties & Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed w/out changing it into another substance Ex: water freezing (solid), water (liquid), water

vapor (gas) Hardness, texture, color, ability to dissolve,

luster, conductivity, magnetism, flexibility Physical properties can be used to classify

matter.

Chemical Properties

A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances To do this you must try to change it into another

substance. Flammability, oxidation, tarnishing Chemical properties be used to classify matter.

Chemical Properties

When wood burns, what element does it combine with?

Oxygen!

Flammability is a chemical property of wood.

Chemical Properties

What new substances are produced?

Carbon

dioxide

& ash

Flammability is a chemical property of wood.

Chemical Properties

When iron rusts, what element does it combine with?Oxidation is

a chemical property of iron.

Oxygen!

Chemical Properties

What new substance is produced?

Rust AKA Iron oxide!

Oxidation is a chemical property of iron.

Element – pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

How can you tell one element from another?

How can you tell one element from another?

By their chemical & physical

properties!

Atoms

The basic particle from which all elements are made.

building blocks of matter Can combine w/ other atoms through

chemical bonds

Molecules – groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Meet Molly Cule

Pop star Molly Cule has dropped her car off at Ms. Frizzle’s car wash before her concert. We join her class just after they were shrunk to examine the dirt on the car AFTER it was washed.

Click picture for 5 minute video

Atoms

In this figure, what does each sphere represent? An atom

How many atoms in a molecule of water?

How many atoms in a molecule of oxygen?

3 atoms

2 atoms

Atoms

What elements make up water? Hydrogen and oxygen

What elements make up carbon dioxide?

What holds atoms together?

Carbon & oxygen

Chemical bonds

Compounds

A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together When elements combine, they form compounds

w/ different properties than their original properties.

What is the ratio of atoms in these compounds?

CO2 CO H2O1 to 2 1 to 1 2 to 1

100 Greatest DiscoveriesLet’s review oxygen, atoms & molecules

Click here for this 8 minute video.

Mixtures

2 or more substances together in the same place but not chemically combined Each substance keeps its original properties

Heterogeneous mixture

Easily separated You can see all the different parts

Which of these pictures shows a heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixture

Mixed so evenly you cannot see all the different parts Which of these pictures shows a homogeneous

mixture?

Heterogeneous OR

Homogeneous?

air

Sugar water

brass

saladho

mo

gen

eou

s

ho

mo

gen

eou

s

ho

mo

gen

eou

sh

eter

og

eneo

us

Separating Mixtures

Easy to do because each component keeps its own properties Separate through magnetic attraction, filtration,

distillation or evaporation (see fig. 10)

And now back to Ms. Frizzle’s class…

Click picture for the 5 minute continuation of the Magic School Bus video.