Chemistry matter-ppt

Chumbler - Properties of Matter 1

States of Matter

ChemistryThe Four States of Matter

What is matter?

Any substance that has mass and takes up space.

Brian Pop Video http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/00786004

72/164155/00044682.html



States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

Four StatesSolidLiquidGasPlasma


States of Matter

The Four States of Matter

Basis of Classification of the Four Types

particle arrangementenergy of particlesdistance between particles


States of Matter

SolidsParticles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles move slowly.


States of Matter

Solids

Particle Movement Examples


States of Matter

LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glassParticles move more quickly.


States of Matter

Liquids



States of Matter

GasesParticles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particles move very fast.


Gases


States of Matter


States of Matter

Plasma

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Give off energy.


States of Matter

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volumebecause the particles are locked into place

Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles

Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another


States of Matter

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids

Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.

Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.

Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.


Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.

Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.

Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.

States of Matter


States of Matter

The Four States of MatterThe Classification and Properties of Matter

Depend Upon Microscopic Structure

Particle arrangementParticle energyParticle to particle distance

States of Matter Video


Phase Changes

When one phase changes to another. Particles must change their kinetic

energy, how fast they are moving. You can do this by adding or taking

away heat.


Phase Changes

solid liquid = melting liquid solid = freezing liquid gas = evaporation gas liquid = condensation solid gas = sublimation


Kinetic Theory of Matter

The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion, and that motion changes as the temperature changes.


Temperature

During a phase change the temperature of a substance stays the same.


Physical Properties of Matter

Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance.


Examples of Physical Properties

Viscosity-resistance to flow Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared

without shattering Hardness-scratch test Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to

liquid Density-ratio of mass to volume


Video showing difference between physical and chemical properties.

http://youtu.be/6WjBM-ZgysQ


Separate Mixtures

Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of particles

Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution based on boiling points.


Chemical Changes

When substances react with each other and form one or more new substances.– Tree leaves change color– Wood burning– Baking a cake


Chemical Properties

Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen

Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other substances.


Evidence of Chemical Change

Change in color Production of gas Formation of a precipitate-any solid that

forms and separates from a liquid mixture.– Cottage cheese


Thank you I hope you like my presentation


Documents

Chemistry matter-ppt