Chng I

GII THIU V NH MY M PH MI. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my.

Nh my m Ph M trc thuc thnh tng cng ty Phn Bn v Ha Cht Du Kh - cng ty c phn c t ti KCN Ph M I, huyn Tn Thnh, tnh B ra - Vng Tu.

Nh my c tng vn u t 370 triu USD v c din tch 63 ha, s dng cng ngh ca Haldor Topsoe an mch sn xut Amonia (cng sut 1.350 tn/ngy) v cng ngh ca hng Snampogrety (Italia) sn xut Ur (cng sut 2.200tn/ngy).y l cc cng ngh hng u th gii v sn xut phn m vi dy chuyn khp kn, nguyn liu chnh u vo l kh thin nhin, khng kh, u ra l Amoniac v Ur. Chu trnh cng ngh khp kn cng vi vic t to in nng v hi nc gip Nh my hon ton ch ng trng sn xut k c khi li in Quc gia c s c hoc khng in cung cp.

01/01/2004: Cng ty Phn m v Ha Cht Du Kh l n v thnh vin ca Tp on Du Kh Vit Nam chnh thc i vo hot ng.21/09/2004: T hp nh thu Technip - Samsung bn giao nh my m Ph M choCng ty Phn m v Ha Cht Du Kh.

15/12/2004: L khnh thnh nh my m Ph M.II. C cu t chc.

III. Cc phn xng ca nh my.

Bao gm 3 phn xng cng ngh: Phn xng Ammoniac, phn xng Ur v phn xng Ph Tr.

3.1. Phn xng ammoniac:

Mc ch: Sn xut NH3 v CO2 cung cp cho xng tng hp Ur. Bao gm cc cng on sau: Cng on kh lu hunh. Cng on Reforming. Cng on chuyn ho CO. Cng on hp th CO2 bng MDEA. Cng on methan ho. Cng on tng hp NH3.

3.2. Phn xng Ur:Mc ch: Nhm sn xut Ur thnh phm ca nh my t CO2 v NH3 gm cc qu trnh sau:

Tng hp Ur v thu hi NH3 ,CO2 cao p.

Tinh ch Ur v thu hi NH3 ,CO2 trung p v thp p. C c Ur. To ht.

Ngoi ra cn c cc h thng my nn CO2 v NH3.

3.3. Phn Xng ph tr.Mc ch: Cc qu trnh ph tr nhm mc ch cung cp in, nc, N2 .m bo cho nh my hot ng bnh thng. Bao gm cc qu trnh ph tr sau:

Sn xut in v hi cao p.

Sn xut N2. H thng nc lm mt River. H thng nc lm mt Fresh. H thng x l nc thi. H thng x l nc Demi.

3.4. Phn xng sn phm. Nh kho Ur ri: Dung lng cha: 150.000 Tn. Nhit kho: T ng iu chnh trnh kt tng Ur. Nh ng bao Ur: Dung lng cha: 15.000 tn. S dy chuyn ng bao: 06, trong 1 dy xut t ng ra

Xe.

Cng sut ng bao: 4800 Tn/Ngy.IV. Nguyn liu sn xut v sn phm.4.1. Nguyn liu:

Nguyn liu chnh ca nh my l kh ng hnh Bch H, ngoi ra c th s dng kh thin nhin t bn Trng Nam Cn Sn v cc b khc thuc lc a pha Nam. Lng kh tiu th cho nh my khong 53.000 54.000 NM3/h (khong 450 triu m3/nm). Thnh phn kh nguyn liu ngoi Methane (CH4) l ch yu(~ 84% mol) ngoi ra cn c Etane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8) v Butane (C4H10).Sau khi x l kh nguyn liu s bao gm : Kh Nit, kh Hydro v kh CO2.V cc loi kh khc:Kh iu khin l loi kh nn ( p sut khong 7 barg) t khng kh v c lm lnh tch nc. Trong Nh my m Ph M kh iu khin c dng lm kh ng lc cho cc thit b iu khin.4.2. Sn phm: Sn phm chnh Ur.Ur l hp cht ha hc c cng thc phn t CO(NH2)2, nhit thng ur khng mu, mi v, ha tan trong nc, nhit nng chy khong 1350C. Ur phn hy chm thnh Cacbamat Amon sau phn hy thnh NH3 v CO2, y l c s s dng Ur lm phn bn. Trong cng nghip Ur c tng hp t NH3 lng v CO2 kh iu kin nhit v p sut cao.

Sn phm ph - Ammoniac.Ammoniac ch yu sn xut Ur. Lng cn d c a v bn cha.Ammoniac l cht kh c cng thc phn t NH3, ha lng iu kin p sut thng v nhit thp (-320C) hoc iu kin nhit thng v p sut cao (khong 15 bar), c mi khai c trng.Ngoi 2 sn phm trn, nh my cn ha vo mng li in quc gia khong 2,1MW.

Chng II TNG QUAN V PHN XNG PH TR

NH MY M PH M

I. Gii thiu.

Xng Ph tr l mt trong 3 xng cng ngh chnh ca nh my m ph m. Ti y sn xut in, hi nc trung p, kh nn, kh iu khin, nit, nc kh khong, nc lm mt; cung cp kh nguyn nhin liu (kh thin nhin), nhm m bo cho hot ng ca 2 xng cng ngh ammonia v ure. Ngoi ra, xng ph tr cn c h thng x l nc thi (nc thi sinh hot, nc thi nhim du, nc thi nhim ammonia) v h thng uc t cc kh d trong qu trnh sn xut.

Xng Ph tr gm nhiu h thng(cm) sn xut, c cng ngh hin i. Mi h thng sn xut li c c trng ring v cng ngh, v thit b. II. Mt s cm cng ngh chnh ca xng. H thng nc th, nc sinh hat & nc cu ha.

H thng nc th bao gm cc thit b cn thit cho vic tip nhn, tn tr v phn phi nc th cho cc i tng s dng l h thng nc kh khong, nc sch dng cho sinh hot. Ngoi ra, h thng nc cu ho cng c ly t bn nc th.

Cm sn xut nc kh khong.L qu trnh dng nha trao i ion v nha trao i tng hn hp tin hnh kh i phn ln cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c trong nc th v nc ngng cng ngh nhm t c ch tiu k thut ca nc kh khong. H thng lm lnh nc tun hon.

Trong nh my m Ph M c rt nhiu thit b cng sut ln, hot ng nhit cao, vi tn sut lin tc nh my nn kh CO2, my nn ammonia, bm nc sng,nn vic lm mt cho thit b, trnh hin tng qu nhit, m bo cho thit b vn hnh n nh, an ton ng mt vai tr rt quan trng. H thng nc lm mt xng Ph tr cho php cung cp nc lm mt ti cc i tng s dng nhit v cht lng nc theo yu cu.

H thng sn xut kh nn - kh iu khin Nit.

H thng tn cha Ammonia v H thng t uc.

H thng tn cha ammonia bao gm bn cha, cm lm lnh hi amonia v bm chuyn amonia lng.

uc t dng chuyn cc kh d chy n, c hi hay c kh nng n mn thnh cc kh t nguy him hn bng cch t chy chng. Mt h thng uc t bao gm ng ng thu hi cc dng kh/hi, cc thit b tch dng lng cun theo, thit b chng kh xm thc v h thng u t kch chy kh t.

H thng x l nc thi.Nh my c 3 ngun nc thi chnh l: nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip (thnh phn chnh l nc thi nhim du do ra my mc thit b trong qu trnh sn xut). Ring i vi nc thi nhim NH3 l ngun thi ng nhin ca nh my sn xut phn m, nh my xy dng h thng x l v s dng tun hon nn khng thi trc tip ra mi trng bn ngoi. Mt s yu t gy nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot ch yu l cht rn l lng, cht hu c, du m (thc phm) v vi sinh; i vi nc thi nhim du th kh nng gy nhim chnh l cht rn l lng, cht hu c, cht dinh dng v du m.

H thng cung cp kh nguyn-nhin liu. H thng nc cp l hi v ha cht l hi.H thng nc cp l hi c nhim v cung cp nc cp t ch tiu cht lng cho sn xut hi ca 2 xng ammonia (l hi siu cao p) v xng ph tr (l hi ph tr, l hi nhit tha), vi cng sut khong 350 - 400m3/h.Cht lng nc v cht lng hi c nh hng rt ln, trc ht l n sc bn, tui th ca cc b mt truyn nhit - bao hi(gy hin tng n mn, ng cu cn); sau l nh hng n cng sut, hiu sut ca l hi; nh hng n qu trnh cng ngh ca h s dng hi. Chnh v vy, vic nh gi, theo di ch x l nc cp l hi l rt quan trng v cn thit.

H thng l hi ph tr. H thng l hi nhit tha. Mng phn phi hi (cao, trung v thp p) ca nh my PM.

Hnh 1.1 : Mt gc nh my m Ph M v m.

Hnh 1.2: S t chc nh my m Ph M

Hnh 1.3: S chc nng khi vn hnh bo. dng

Hnh 1.4: S mt bng nh my m Ph M.

Hnh 1.5: S cng ngh ca nh my.

Hnh 1.6: Dy chuyn sn xut Ammoniac.

Hnh 1.7: Xng tng hp Ure.

Hnh 2.1: H thng bm nc cu ha.

Hnh 2.3: H thng lm lnh nc tun hon

Hnh 2.4: H thng tn cha Amonia.

Hnh 2.5: H thng uc t.

Hnh 2.6: H thng x l nc thi nhim du.

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