Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

•Function of the Circulatory System

•Parts of the Circulatory System

•Function of the Respiratory System

•Parts of the Respiratory System.

I: Circulatory System FunctionA: The primary function of the circulatory system is transportation of…

Nutrients

•Cells need oxygen, and food molecules to make NRG

Wastes

•Making energy also produces waste in the cell that must be removed

Other stuff

•Heat: Homeostasis

•Hormones: Cell communications

•Specialized cells: Fight infections

•Enzymes: Speed up chem rxns

B: Types of circulatory Systems

• Open Circulatory system:– “Blood” is pumped into open spaces (Sinuses) and nutrients,

wastes, and other stuff are absorbed by the tissue that surrounds the open space.

– Common in Arthropods (grass hoppers) Mollusks (clams) and other lower order animals

Sinus

Continued…

• Closed Circulatory system:– Blood travels in a system of

tubes around the body and nutrients, waste and other stuff are absorbed by near by tissue.

– Common in Vertebrates (you) and other higher order animals

II: Parts of the circulatory system

• The Pathway through the heart• Vena cava• Right Atrium• Right AtrioVentricular (AV)valve• Right ventricle• Pulmonary artery• Lungs (for oxygen)• Pulmonary vein• Left atrium• Left AV valve• Left ventricle• Aorta• To the capillaries in body tissue and

back for re-oxygenation Animation:

flow through the heart

A: Blood

• A: 4 parts of Blood– Solids:

• Red Blood Cells

• White Blood Cells

• Platelets

– Liquid:• Plasma: Nutrients and

waste dissolved in water

B: Red Blood Cells

• Also Called Erythrocytes (RBC = Red Blood Cell)– Produced in Bone marrow– 1 drop of blood = 5 million RBC

• No Nucleus, Full of a protein = hemoglobin, 250 million molecules of hemoglobin in each RBC– Hemoglobin: Binds to oxygen molecules and delivers oxygen to body cells

– Oxygen used for respiration: C6H12O6 + O2NRG

• Ave life span of a RBC = 110 days

Sickle cell Normal RBC

C: White Blood Cells

• Also Called Leukocytes (WBC)

• Responsible for fighting infection– 1 drop of blood = 4000-

11,000 WBC

– Numbers increase when fighting infection

– Different types of WBC have different jobs when fighting infection

White Blood cell hunting bacteria

D: Platelets

• Made in the bone marrow• 1 Drop of blood =350,000 platelets• Cell Fragments responsible for blood clotting

Platelets release “fibers” that trap RBC’s and stop bleeding

RBC WBCPlatelet

E: Plasma

Anything that is not one of the solid parts of blood gets transported in the plasma.

Hormones: for communication

Dissolved Nutrients: for cell energy

Waste: produced by cells

F: Blood Vessels

• Blood vessels are named for the direction of blood flow related to the heart.

• Arteries take blood Away from the heart, Veins take blood to the heart

• There are some structure differences

Artery Vein

Continued…Structure differences

• Artery walls are thicker then the walls of veins.– Blood in arteries is under higher pressure.

• Veins have more valves.– Prevents blood from flowing backwards when working against

gravity.

Cardiovascular disease

• Athleriosclerosis = plaque build up restricts blood flow

• Arteriosclerosis = plaque build up hardens and vessels loose flexibility

• Heart attack/Stroke = blood clot in vessels that supply blood to heart or brain (stroke)

G: Capillaries

• Small blood vessels that make diffusion of nutrients, waste, and other stuff much easier.

• Animation http://www.innerbody.com/anim/blood.html

Burst capillary leaking RBC

Respiratory system

• 2 Functions– Bring Oxygen into the body– Remove Carbon Dioxide from the body

The Pathway

Nose: Bring Oxygen into the body and remove Carbon dioxide

Trachea: Ridged tube leading to lungs

Bronchioles: Branchings of the trachea

Lungs: Homes of Alveoli (Sight of gas exchange)

I: In the lungs

1: You breath in and fill Alveoli with Oxygen.2: Oxygen diffuses into blood from alveoli, CO2 diffuses out of blood into Alveoli.3: Oxygen rich blood returns to heart, you breath out CO2

*Your lungs never fill with blood*

Animation:

Transport in the lungs

Thursday’s HomeworkConcept map the following list of terms

Blood Respiratory system plasma RBC

Villi Lungs Alveoli Heart

Nutrients Circulatory system Waste Trachea

Capillary Digestive system Platelets Small Intestine

Diffusion Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Enzymes