circulatory p.p

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Circulatory system of fish, Hematopoiesisand Lymphatic system

Presented by;

Chandra Bhushana kumar

AAH-04


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Introduction:

blood pumped by heart passes through the gills and systemic.circulation before returning to the heart

hag fish large volume, low blood pressure and thedevelopment of accessory hearts

lung fishes, Presence of pulmonary circulation and apartial separation of oxygenated and deoxygenatedblood in the heart transition from an aquatic to an aerialenvironment.

3% and 8% of a fish's body weight is blood

hagfish and lampreys between 8% and 20% of the animal's

body weight.


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HEART systemic or branchial heart of fishes is the main propulsive

organ

Heart consists of four chambers


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Components of heart:

Sinus venosus ,first chamber Collecting chamber


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Cont..

Atrium:

From the sinus venosus the blood flows into the atrium.

The atrium is the largest of the chambers and only weakly

muscular. It pushes the blood, withweak contractions in the ventricle

Ventricle:

The ventricle is the only well muscled chamber, nearly as

large as the atrium it is the work horse of the heart, its

contractions drive the blood around the body.


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Cont..

Bulbus arteriosus or cornus

arteriosus

the cornus arteriosus of sharks and rays contains many.valves while bulbus arteriosus of bony fish contains none

Both are alike in being primarily elastic and work to reducethe pulsed nature of the blood leaving the ventricle

, .giving it a more even constant flow


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A diagrammatic representation of the mainvein and arteries


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Ac: Caudal artery, Ln: Neural lymphatic duct, O: Oval vascular system, R: Renalvascular system, Sp: Spinal vascular system, U: Urinary bladder vascular system,

Vc: Caudal vein, Vpr: Renal portal vein


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Routes of Blood Flow common Carotid Dorsal aorta subclavian

coeliacomesentric artery artery

coronary o r

Hepatic

d ventralportal

I aorta branchial vein hepaticrenal

n veinvein

a

H ea d Tru n k m u scle s

C h o rio d g la n d

Pseudobranch

G ill

liv e r

kid n e y

Pe cto ra l g ird le ,G u t Sp lee n

S w im b lad d er


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Blood Pressure In Arteries And Veins

Contraction of the heart serve to convert chemical energy

into mechanical energy in the form of pressure and flow

The hydraulic resistance to flow is inversely proportional tothe fourth power of the radius of a blood vessel

In general, arterial blood pressure appear to be in lower inelasmobranches than in teleost

The pulse pressure in the ventral aorta of fish is between 10and 30 mm hg, increasing to a values as high as 40mm

Hg during hypoxia.


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Effect of some substances oncirculatory system

Acetylcholine

Increases the vascular resistance to flow through the gillsof teleosts directing blood away from the second lamellae

Atropine Increases heart rate in both elasmobranchs and teleost

Catecholamines The direct effect of catecholamine on the heart is

stimulatory

Reserpine. It deplete stored catecholamine both in lamprey and hagfish

heart.


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Cont..Histamine vasoconstriction in the perfused gills of pike and a fall in

blood pressure in the ventral aorta of the eel according,( ) ( )to Mott 1957 but according to Chan 1967 having no

effect

Renin and angiotensin rennin

angiotensinl Angiotensin ll, (potentvasoconstrictor in

mammals )

Oxcytocin and Vasopressin

These neurohypophysial hormones cause a prolonged and markedrise in ventral aortic blood pressure

Urophysial excracts Mugil urophysial extracts increases ventral and dorsal

aortic blood pressure when injected into the eel


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HEMATOPOIESIS

The stem cells that form blood and immune cells are knownas hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Requirement for constant maintenance and immune protection

In teleost no lymph nodes and their bones usually have nomadullary cavity.

hemopoietic tissue is locate in stroma of thespleen,interstitium of the kidney.

Lesser extent it is found in periportal area of the liver,specialized lymphoid organ thymus.


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Cont..

Anterior or head kidney stroma of reticuloendothelialtissue found similar to bone marrow of mammal

Stromal cell providing hematopoietic microenvironment

Melanomacrophage centre

:Monophyletic theory a single type of stem cell gives rise to.all the mature blood cells in the body This stem cell is called

the ( ) .pluripotential pluripotent stem cell


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The Lymphatic System

Water and plasma are forced from the capillaries into

intracellular spaces


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Cont..

protective role by filtering off lymph in the lymph nodes

- .all lymphatic vessels are very thin walled

, , , -In fish amphibians and reptiles these vessels form thinwalled dilations called l y m p h a t i cs i n u s e s ( ,for example).the subcutaneous sinuses of the frog


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Cont..

lymph hearts

,Lymph a c o l o r l e s sf l u i dwhose composition is similar tothat of blood except that it does not contain red blood

,cells or platelets contains l e ss p r o te i n

transports nutrients to the cells and collects waste.products Most of the lymph returns to the venous

capillaries


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The fluid that flows through the lymphatic system is functionallyimportant

, ,In a disease state therefore the lymph nodes may become filled

with harmful material to the degree where they can be seen or; ,felt therefore enlarged lymph nodes are of diagnostic.importance

Reference:


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Reference:

; . , .Introduction to fish physiology by David H Evans James BClaiborne

, -( ); &Fish physiology vol iv by Hoar Randall

,Fish pathology 3rd ; .edition by Ronald j Roberts

www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookcircsys.html

www.helium.com/items/319625-immune-system-in-fish-explained

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright 2007, Columbia

University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights

reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/

from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookcircsys.htmlhttp://www.helium.com/items/319625-immune-system-in-fish-explainedhttp://www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/http://www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/http://www.helium.com/items/319625-immune-system-in-fish-explainedhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookcircsys.html


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circulatory p.p