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8/3/2019 Citing Your References
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REFERENCES:
THE VANCOUVERSTYLE
Amanda Soebadi
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Referencing
Referencing is a standardized method ofacknowledging sources of information andideas that you have used in your paper
Direct quotations, facts, figures from publishedand unpublished works must be referenced
There are many acceptable forms ofreferencing
The Vancouver style of referencing ispredominantly used in the medical field
University of Queensland Library
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Why reference?
To avoid plagiarism
To verify quotations
To enable readers to follow-up and read morefully the cited authors arguments
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Steps in referencing
Record the full bibliographic details andrelevant page numbers of the source fromwhich information is taken
Punctuation marks and spaces in thereference list and citations are very important.Follow the punctuation and spacing exactly
Insert the citation number at the appropriate
place in the text of your document Include a reference list that includes all in-text
citations at the end of your document
University of Queensland Library
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Citation
A citation is an acknowledgement in your textof references that support your work
In the Vancouver style it is in the form of a
number that correlates with a source in yourreference list
University of Queensland Library
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Citations within the text of the article are identified byArabic numbers in superscript, after the punctuationmark:
Few case reports have documented severe allergic reaction to
paracetamol.1
Few case reports have documented severe allergic reaction to
paracetamol1.
This applies to references in text, tables, and figures
A number is assigned to each reference as it is cited,in order of appearance in the text
A number must be used even if the author is named inthe sentence:Sastroasmoro10reported that.....
In-text citations
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...in-text citations
The original number assigned to the reference isused each time the reference is cited in the text
When multiple references are cited, use a hyphento join the first and last numbers that are
consecutive Use commas (without spaces) to separate non-
consecutive numbers in a multiple citation
The effect of maternal smoking on fetal growth has been described inseveral studies.2-5,10,15
Do not use a hyphen if there are no citationnumbers in betweenFew case reports have documented severe allergic reaction to
paracetamol.1-2
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...in-text citations
Placement of citation numbers within textshould be carefully considered
A particular reference may be relevant to only
part of the sentence
Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement was developed as a less
invasive alternative to total serum bilirubin,1,3 but to date its use hasbeen limited.4-6
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Reference list
Appears at the end of the article
Entries are listed numerically in the sameorder that they have been cited in the text
Contains only works cited in the text
Must include sufficient details so that otherscan locate and consult the works referenced
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...reference list
ALL works cited, including personal
communication, Internet sources, orunpublished data MUST be in the
reference list!
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Where to look?
ICMJE Uniform Requirements:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
National Library of Medicine, Citing Medicine:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citm
ed&part=A32352
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For all works cited
Number of authors listed:
Up to 6 authors: list all authors
>6 authors: list first 6 authors followed by et al.
Titles of articles should be written in sentencecase
Page numbers should be abbreviated
whenever possible, e.g.: 235-43 for pages 235-243
401-9 for pages 401-409
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...for all works cited
Journal titles should be abbreviated accordingto the abbreviation used in Index Medicus
If a journal is not listed in Index Medicus, it
should be stated in full Issue numbers need notbe stated
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International Committee of Medical Journal
Edutors Uniform Requirements forManuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals
Paediatrica Indonesiana In-house Style
Sample references
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Journal article: more than 6authors
Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, HanscomB, Tosteson ANA, Blood EA, et al. Surgical versusnonsurgical treatment for lumbar degeneratiespondylolysthesis. N Engl J Med. 2007;122:545-
9.
authors title of article
journal title year ofpublication
volume pagenumbers
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Period
Space
Semicolon
Colon
Period
No space
Period
Space
Semicolon
Colon
Period
No space
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Journal article: variations
Organization as author
No author given
Article not in English
Volume/issue supplement
E-publication (published electronically aheadof the print version)
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Book or monograph
Monograph
A work of writing on a single subject,
usually by a single author
Schlesselman JJ. Case-control studies. Design,
conduct, analysis. 2nd ed. New York: OxfordUniversity Press; 1982. p. 105-23.
Author(s)
Title of book Edition
Place of
publication
Publishe
rYear of
publication Page(s)cited
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Chapter in book
Cheung Y. Systemic circulation. In: Anderson RH,Baker EJ, Penny DJ, Redington AN, Rigby ML,Wernovsky G, editors. Paediatric cardiology. 3rded. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p.
105-23.
Author(s)
Title ofchapter
Book editor(s)
Title ofbook
Place ofpublicatio
n
Edition
Publisher
Year ofpublication
Page(s)cited
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Thesis or dissertation
Boyer CL. Do rural Medicare patients havedifferent post-acute service patterns than theirnon-rural counterparts? [dissertation]. [Cleveland(OH)]: Case Western Reserve University; 2004.
Author Title of work
Year ofpublication
Type of work
Place ofinstitutionInstitutio
n
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Online reference
International Committee of Medical JournalEditors. Uniform requirements for manuscriptssubmitted to biomedical journals. 2009 Aug 28[cited 2010 Sep 20]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
Author(s)
Title ofreference Date
published
Web address
Date cited
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Conference proceedings
Rice AS, Farquhar-Smith WP, Bridges D, Brooks
JW. Cannabinoids and pain. In: Dostorovsky JO,Carr DB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Proceedings ofthe 10th World Congress on Pain; 2002 Aug 17-22; San Diego, CA. Seattle (WA): IASP Press;
c2003.
Author(s)
Title of paper Proceedingeditor(s)
Name ofconferenceor event
Place ofevent
Date ofevent
Publisher
Year of
publication
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5. Article not in English[Edited 12 May 2009]
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangstblant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor
Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7. Norwegian. Optional translation of article title
(MEDLINE/PubMed practice):
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. [Disease anxiety
among medical students and law students].Article in Norwegian. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen.2002 Mar 20;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.