CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2030 Gaya Municipal Corporation CDP G… · 2011 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – 2030 Gaya Municipal Corporation Urban Development & Housing Department Government

2011

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – 2030

Gaya Municipal Corporation

Urban Development & Housing Department Government of Bihar

Support Programme for Reforms in Bihar (SPUR)

City Development Plan, Gaya

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐6

2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.1 Introduction ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.2 Physical Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.3 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1.4 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐3 2.2.1 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐3 2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3.1 Historical Importance ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.3 Physiography ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.5 Climate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6

3 DEMOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6

4 ECONOMY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 4.3.1 Formal Markets‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2


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4.3.2 Informal markets ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐3 4.4 Industries ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 4.5 Religious Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐6 4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7

5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐2 5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐5 5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐5 5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐6

6 WATER SUPPLY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.3 COVERAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐3 6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐4 6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.10 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 6.12 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐8

7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4


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8 DRAINAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.9.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐6

9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐4 9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5

10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.7 STREET LIGHTING ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.2 Health ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Community Facilities ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3


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11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4 11.5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4

12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐6 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 12.6.3 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐9

13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 13.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7

14 ENVIRONMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.3 TOPOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.4 CLIMATE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.5 WATER RESOURCES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.6 WATER POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.7 AIR POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.8 LAND POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐4

15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5


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15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐12 15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13

16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐3 16.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐4

17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 17.4.1 Economic Development ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 17.4.2 Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 17.4.4 Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 17.4.5 Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 17.4.6 Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 17.4.7 Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7

18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.4 REVENUE INCOME ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.4.1 Growth of Income ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 18.9 FUNDING PATTERN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) 18‐10 18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐10


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18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10 18.11.2 Financial Projections ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐11 18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2

20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐3

List of Tables Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.3: Population Density ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets: Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economic Base: Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐8 Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001 ...... 5‐3 Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001 ............................................................ 5‐3 Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya ....................................................................... 5‐6 Table 6.1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya ..................... 6‐2 Table 6.2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001 .................................................. 6‐2 Table 6.3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC .......................................................................... 6‐3 Table 6.4: Details of Storage Infrastructure ..................................................................... 6‐4 Table 6.5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water .............................................................. 6‐5 Table 6.6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System .................. 6‐7 Table 6.7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya ..................................... 6‐8 Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 Table 8.1: Types of Drains ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐6


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Table 9.1: Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 Table 9.2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 Table 9.3: Identified Projects for SWM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5 Table 10 1: Major Roads within the City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐2 Table 10 2: Surface Wise Road Length ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐2 Table 10 3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 Table 10 4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4 Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7 Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010 ‐‐‐‐ 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13 Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 Table 17.4: City Investment Sewerage & Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐8 Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh)‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources18‐9 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10


| Table of Contents viii

Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10 Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)18‐11 Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12 Table 18.21: Comparison of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐13

List of Figures Figure 1.1: Methodology ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐5 Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 Figure 3.2: Literacy Rate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6 Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐4 Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐6

List of Maps Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya Map 2.3: Regional Network Map 2.4: Gaya City Map Map 3.1: Ward Map Map 3.2: Population Size Distribution Map 4.1: Commercial Activities Map 6.1: Water Supply Infrastructure Map 10.1: Existing Road & Transportation Map 10.2: Proposed Road & Transportation Infrastructure Map 11‐1: Social Infrastructure Map 12‐1: Slum Map Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar Map 14.3: Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar

List of Annexure

Annexure I: List of Closed & Open Drains Annexure II : List of Slums in Gaya Annexure III: Status of Basic Infrastructure in Gaya Annexure IV: Financial Details of GMC for the FY 2008‐09 Annexure V: Financial Details of GMC for the FY 2009‐10 Annexure VI: Financial Projection Report (2011‐2016) by SPUR Annexure VII: List of Stakeholder's Participated in Workshops


| Executive Summary 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1 BACKGROUND

In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has undergone significant change

with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term

development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account

of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind

other states.

In this effort, Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar in

association with SPUR (DFID supported programme) for the betterment of the local

populace, has initiated the process of a planned and integrated development in the

State. One of the major initiatives in this direction is formulation of a City Development

Plan for various Urban Local Bodies across the State. Egis India has been appointed as

Consultants for the preparation of City Development Plan for Gaya.

E‐2 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)

A City Development Plan (CDP) is to think systematically of the future of the city and to

determine how it wishes to shape that future. It sets a vision for the city to be achieved

within a stipulated period of time, in sync with the character of the city and in

consensus with its stakeholders. It charts out the course of action so that the city is

enabled to reach the set goal within the target period. A CDP helps in enhancing the

livability, sustainability and manageability of the city.

The objectives of preparation of CDP include:

Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity

mix/ growth;

Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project

requirements;

Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to

priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;

Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements

required to sustain the investment proposed;

Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial

sustainability and improvements in service levels;

Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including

use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and

infrastructure issues.



E.3 PREPARATION OF CDP: A MULTISTAGE EXERCISE

The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close

collaboration with the concerned ULBs. Four stages have been followed for the

preparation of City Development Plan. These are i) Inception ii) Interim Report iii) Draft

CDP and iv) Final CDP.

During the preparation of CDP, the participation of the stakeholders, who know their

city best, is ensured at every stage of formulating the CDP. For this purpose, workshops

have been organized details of which are shown in Table E‐1.

Table E‐1: Workshop Details

Workshop Stages Date

Ist Workshop Inception Report 27th August 2010

IInd Workshop Interim Report 30th January 2011

IIIrd Workshop Draft Report 5th May 2011

E‐4 TOWN PROFILE: GAYA

E‐4.1 Historical Importance of Gaya

Gaya opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power

over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around

519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in

the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and

Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty,

Gaya and the entire Magadh region came under the Mauryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC

– 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya

to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.

Guptas dynasty ruled the region during the 4th and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of

Magadh helped to bring Gaya into limelight. Gaya then passed on to the Pala dynasty

with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built

during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya came under the reign of

Muhamaddan rulers in the 12th century with Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji invading the

region. For a short period thereafter, the Pathan Chief Sher Shah ruled over the place at

the end of 16th century. The place finally passed on to the Britishers after the battle of

Buxar in 1764.

Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with

Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PIND‐DAN to their father Dasharath. In

Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.



E‐4.2 Location and Regional Connectivity

Gaya is located in the south central part of the state of Bihar, in the north‐eastern part

of India. It is a part of the great Gangetic plains. It is located on the bank of the Falgu

River, which is a tributary of river Ganges. It is 13 km north of Bodhgaya and about 100

km south of Patna city, the state capital. There are small rocky hills as backdrops

shaping the morphology of the city. River Falgu flows on eastern half of the city towards

south.

Gaya is well connected with the regional road network within the state and to various

materopolises in the country. Gaya city is regionally connected with Patna via

Jahanabad through NH‐83 towards the north of Gaya. Further Gaya is connected to

Aurangabad, Sasaram to Delhi though NH‐2 which meets NH‐83 (passing from Gaya

City) at Dobhi. Also Gaya is connected to Kolkata by SH‐8 and by NH‐2.

Gaya is also well connected to Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Guwahati, and Chennai metro

cities and to Patna and Kiul through broad gauge railway line. It is the second most

important station and junction in Bihar after Patna.

Gaya has an International Airport. It is an international airport connected to Colombo

(Sri Lanka), Bangkok (Thailand), Singapore, and Bhutan.

E‐4.2 Demography

Gaya Municipal Corporation is spead over an area of 50.17 sq.km divided into 53 wards

housing a population of 3,89,192 (Census 2001). The gross population density of town is

78 ppha. Highest density is in ward no. 21 i.e. 1450 ppha and the lowest density is in

ward no. 29 i.e. 8 ppha.

Sex ratio of Gaya is 885 females per 1000 males (2001) which is lower than the district

and state average. Literacy rate in Gaya is 77.2 percent of which 58% are males and 42%

are females.

E‐4.3 Projected Population

In addition to bridge the existing gaps, demands for infrastructure and urban basic

services in future, population needs to be estimated to improve quality of life of the

residents of town. Consultants using various statistical methods, based on population

growth trends in previous years, have projected the population as presented in Table

E‐2.

Table E‐2: Population Projection

Year Arithmetic Increase Method Geometric Method Incremental Increase Method

1961 151105 151105 151105

1971 179884 179884 179884



Year Arithmetic Increase Method Geometric Method Incremental Increase Method

1981 247075 247075 247075

1991 291675 291675 291675

2001 389192 389192 389192

2011 503082 669565 463730

2021 830847 689400 576746

2030 1089816 894726 703250

Estimated population of 7,03,250 by Incremental Increase Method has been adopted

for planning purposes as it seems closer to the ground realities and population

estimated by HUDCO as well.

E‐4.4 Economy

Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy

and economic base of the town. Workforce participation in Gaya is 24.5% which is

lower than the district’s average of 33.6%. Out of total working population, 86.4%

workers are main workers of which 88.5% are male workers showing marginal number

of working females in Gaya. 84.8% of total workers are ‘Other Workers’ which are

involved in secondary and tertiary sector activities followed by workers engaged in

household industries (8.5%).

Industrial Activities

There is no major industrial set up in the town. Gaya mainly has household industries

which include powerloom/handloom, non‐scented aggarbatti, trading perfumery, tilkut‐

lai, building material (stone and window grill), wooden furniture material, artesians

statue/clay pieces, carton manufacturing, railway sleepers etc. A majority of these

household industries are located in the old city and Manpur area. Approximately

119925 workers are employed in these industries of which maximum are engaged in

powerloom/handloom and aggarbatti making. Many people are also engaged in making

incense sticks, candles and sweet called tilkut. Other than above, there are few toffee

industries, oil and sugarcane mills in Gaya.

Trade and Commerce

Gaya acts as a service centre for whole district. There is no hierarchy of commercial

centres in Gaya. The old city acts as a centre of both whole sale and retail commercial

activities. In Gaya major commercial activities are concentrated along important roads

of town viz. G.B. Road, Netaji Subhash Road, Rang bahadur Road, Anugrah Road, Station

Road, Swarajpuri Road, K.P. Road, Katari Road, Ram sagar Road, Ander Gaya Road,

Telibagh Road and New Godown Road.

Religious Tourism

Gaya is an impotant pilgrim center sanctified by both the Hindu and the Buddhist

religions. Gaya is important for Hindus for performing rituals of pind daan. Main pilgrim



heritage sites in Gaya are Vishnupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple, Pritshila temple,

Ramshila Temple and Brahmayoni Temple. In addition to above, there are 54 sites and

about 18 sarovars for pind daan in Gaya of varied religious importantce viz. Brahma

Kund, Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar, Sarju Sarovar,

Uttarmanas Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, Falgu River etc. Also largest masjid of Bihar,

Jama Masjid is present in Gaya. Sizeable population in Gaya involved in economic

activities like hotels, restaurants, tour and transport operators and retail trade are

mainly dependent on tourists visiting town.

E‐5 CITY VISION

Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is central to the preparation of City

Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a

given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarises

the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,

strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus.

Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of

comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s

residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and

international levels. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:

“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined

hierarchical commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure destination

with thriving sustained economy supported by quality physical & social

infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”

E‐6 SECTORAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES

Studying the existing infrastructure availability, issues and findings have been derived

and strategies have been formulated to achieve the vision of the city. Further to

implement the strategies projects have been identified.

E‐6.1 Economy

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Gaya is mainly dependent on household industries such as powerloom/handloom,

agarbaati making, building material, tilkut‐lai etc.;

City has huge potential for dairy due to agro‐ climatic conditions;

Many people are engaged in making incense sticks, candles and sweet called Tilkut;

Gaya is famous for regious tourism;

There are informal commercial markets and shops in the form of encroachment;

STRATEGIES

Development of industrial sheds for promotion of household industries;



Modern communication facilities (internet, etc.)and new techniques for competing

in the market place

Promotion of Dairy products & processing units for diversification in economy

Development of organised commercial complexes & platforms for weekly market

etc. to reduce informal activities.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Renovation of the existing municipal markets and development of organised

commercial complexes;

Development of industrial promotion zone/sheds for household industries;

Promotion of dairy promotion and product processing units.

E‐6.2 Water Supply

EXISTING STATUS

Ground water is the only source of water. Present supply is 40‐50 LPCD. 40‐45% is

covered wherein 4‐8hrs/day water is supplied. Only bleaching power is used as

disinfectant in place of conventional treatment plant. There are 7 OHTs with capacity of

30 lakh gallon. Length of distribution system is 70 kms. 60% percent H/Hs have

individual connections of water. Connection charges are with flat rate of Rs. 700.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Inadequate quantity, area covered & duration of water supply;

Distribution network is very old (high losses and water contamination)

Inadequate infrastructure viz. storage, pumping station etc.

Non‐revenue water (no metered connections)

O & M Cost Recovery is 40%.

STRATEGIES

A comprehensive water supply augmentation scheme (to ensure 24x7, good quality

water and 100% network coverage) with minimum transmission losses;

100 lpcd water is targeted in Phase‐I and 135 lpcd targeted in Phase‐II

Ground water recharging (rain water harvesting, conserving water bodies, etc)

Reuse of treated waste water. Dual pipe supply system (potable and treated water)

Non revenue water to be brought down to 0 % in phased manner

O & M cost will be recovered through water charges and connection charges

MAJOR PROJECTS

Distribution network for water supply (Main line:10 Km. & Secondary line:78 Km)

4 nos. of Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity each)

3 nos. of Underground Tanks (20 lakh capacity each)

Water Filtration /Treatment Plant (100 MLD of capacity)



E‐6.3 Sewerage & Sanitation

EXISTING STATUS

Underground sewerage system is absent in Gaya. Only 40 % houses have septic tanks

and there are 10 public conveniences (5 in slums) in Gaya. Present waste generation is

37.09 MLD and in 2035 is 75.95 MLD.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of sanitation facilities (individual and community toilets) leads to open

defecation along river & open drains;

Intermixing of wastewater with storm water in drains;

Falling of untreated waste into Falgu River and open low lying areas creates

pollution in city.

STRATEGIES

Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets, to eradicate open defecation;

Installation of wastewater treatment plant at suitable location;

A Comprehensive (100%) Sewerage Network shall be laid which will ensure that all

wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.

Provision of community toilet blocks particularly in slums and EWS housing areas

Encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP arrangements.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Installation of 148 km of Sewerage Network Line (20 km Main line and 128 km

Secondary or collector line)

2 nos. of Treatment Plant of 80 MLD capacity

10 nos, of Community Toilet and 15nos.of Public Toilet.

E‐6.4 Drainage

EXISTING STATUS

Drainage network of the town is developed into two parts western and eastern zone.

Total of 60 kms of drainage network is present. Eastern zone drains disposed off into

Falgu River whereas western zone into open spaces viz. near Gandhi Maidan.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Inadequate coverage of drainage network.

Clogging of open drains due to collection of solid waste and encroachments;

Intermixing of wastewater and storm water creates pollution;

Water logging in ward no. 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24 and 36 due to inadequate drains;

Discharging of untreated waste into Falgu River and other open spaces causes

pollution.



STRATEGIES

To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains

100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity

Installation of waste treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid emptying the

untreated waste water into river as a short term measure

Water logging especially in low lying areas will be taken area on priority.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Strengthening and construction of Drainage network system (Strengthening of

existing drain‐46 km., construction of Main Drain line‐30 Km., and Secondary /

Tertiary drain line‐220 Km.)

Installation of 3 nos. of Waste Water Treatment Plant 10 MLD capacity each

E‐6.5 Solid Waste Management

EXISTING STATUS

Out of the total waste generation of 275 MT/day, 90% of the waste is being collected

and rest is unattended. Door to door collections is practiced in 25% of the area, rest of

the collection is from public dustbins and street sweeping. Collected waste is

transported through open tractor, dumper, loader etc. and dumped into open areas.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Inadequate coverage of door to door collection;

Lack of waste management Infrastructure;

Absence of scientific disposal of waste

Dumping of waste on roads, drains and open Spaces;

STRATEGIES

Door to door collection and segregation at source should be practiced in town;

Minimising manual handling of waste and ensuing adequate safety measures;

Adequate infrastructure (including transport vehicles) to be made available;

Scientific Landfill Site shall be developed at identified locations;

NGOs, CBOs should be involved in IEC Campaigns to raise awareness of citizens.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Procurements of Vehicles and Equipments

Landfill site development (Nailli:23 Acre and Panchayati Akhada: 5 Acre)

E‐6.6 Roads and Transportation

EXISTING STATUS

Total length of roads in city is 127kms of which only 39% roads are surfaced. Road width

varies from 3.5‐12m. Cycle and walk are the major mode of intracity movement. Govt.

and private bus service is available in Gaya for intercity movement.



ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Passing of NH & SH from city puts high pressure on the city roads;

Inadequate road width (varies from 3.5 to 7m);

Only 39% of the roads are surfaced, poor maintenance of existing roads;

Lack of organised parking leads to on‐street parking causes congestion on roads;

Lack of traffic management in the city viz. traffic signalisation, markings etc.;

Unorgaised bus stand and absence of truck terminal facility, loading, unloading,

parking takes place on commercial roads leading to congestion.

STRATEGIES

Up gradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of new roads;

Intersection improvement inluding installation of traffic signals, signages etc.

Development of sidewalks/footpaths and foot over bridges shall be developed on

priority to improve the pedestrian safety and improve vehicular traffic movement;

Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed;

Up gradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal

Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city

MAJOR PROJECTS

Construction of 10 kms outer ring road;

Redevelopment of existing & construction of new bus terminal (4 Nos.) & truck

terminal (1 Nos.)

Development of passenger sheds (10 Nos.) and parking lots (6 Nos.)

Construction of 2 Nos. of foot over bridge and 30kms of footpaths.

E‐6.7 Social Infrastructure

EXISTING STATUS

There are colleges for higher education and other technical qualifications. Adequate

health facilities except for specialised diseases are present. Other community facilities

such as 1 stadium, 4 auditorims, 2 public liberaries, 2 reading rooms, a fire station and a

head police station is present in Gaya.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of professional & vocational training institutions

Lack of parks and playgrounds

Lack of recreational facilities such as indoor stadium and recreational centers

Lack of community/multipurpose halls for organizing socio‐cultural activities

Present fire fighting facilities are inadequate.

There is requirement of nightshelters

Cremation grounds are not well developed



STRATEGIES

Development of adequate recreational facilities and green spaces for improve the

quality of life in Gaya city;

Improvement of community facilities important from socio‐cultural reasons.

MAJOR PROJECTS

Development of 2 city level park and 15 neiboughhood parks

Development of 3 recreations centers like indoor stadium or sports complex

Construction fo 10 multipurpose halls and 4 nighshelters

Development of 3 sub firestations with adequate facilities

E‐6.8 Urban Slums & Poor

EXISTING STATUS

There are 41 slums (SPUR,2010) spread all over the town. Population in the slums is

26620 (as per SPUR). 17 slums are located on State Government land, 5 on Central

Govt., and the rest are private (or others) land. Basic infarstructure like water supply,

sanitation, roads, drainage is in poor condition.

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Approx 7%‐ 10 % of population of Gaya resides in slums.

25 slums are located on Govt. land and 21 slums have secured tenure status.

Only 13 slums have access to individual toilets, rest are defecating in open;

Only 14 slums have access to municipal piped connection, rest are dependent on

public and private hand pumps and stand posts;

Inadequate road and drains coverage

Irregular collection of garbage and dumping of waste into open.

STRATEGIES Provision of affordable houses for poor

Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic

services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town

Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums

E‐6.9 Heritage & Tourism

EXISTING STATUS

Gaya is famous religious destination for Pind daan. Famous heritage sites in Gaya are

Vishnupad temple, Mangla Gauri temple, Pretshila hill, Ramshila hill and Brahmayoni

hill. Other than these, there are approx. 54 pindaan sites and 18 sarovars Brahma Kund,

Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar, Sarju Sarovar, Uttarmanas

Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, and Falgu River etc. Jama Masjid present in Gaya is

biggest mosque in Bihar state.



ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Built heritage structures are poorly maintained;

Lack of development of prigrimage/tourist sites;

Lack of tourist infrastructure viz. accommodation, public toilets & bath, eateries

surrounding of important tourist sites;

Enviornmental pollution in River and Sarovars.

STRATEGIES

Beautification and construction of Ghats and Sarovars, to restore their glory

Redevelopment and Restoration of Vishnupad, Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pritshila,

Mangla Gauri, Sitakund temples (heritage sites) and its surroundings to attract more

tourists

Development and up‐gradation of pind daan sites

Development of tourist infrastructure such as residential accomodations,

Environmental Conservation of Falgu River and other religious sarovars is required

MAJOR PROJECTS

Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed

including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)

Conservation & Development of Vishnupad , Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar,

Sitakund Temple and its surroundings

Redevelopment & Up gradation of pinddaan sites (religious sites) and Ghats &

Sarovars

E‐6.10 Urban Reforms & Municipal Finance

EXISTING STATUS

Presently 10 computers are available in GMC for computerised database creation

related to birth death certificate, BPL/APL Cards etc. No initiatives have been taken for

implementing IT applications (GIS & MIS). Trainings on “Double Entry System of

Accounting” are being initiated. User charges collection are mainly in form of water tax

and consolidated tax.

Revenue Income growth is 21.5% per year. The tax revenue has a growth rate of

20.22% per annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 20.33% per year. The growth of total

income including capital grants 36.75% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own

resources’ (tax and non‐tax together) of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 20.270%.

Expenditure growth is 6.6% per year. The wage and salaries increases per year at the

rate of rate of 6.88%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly 8.0% per year

ISSUES AND FINDINGS

Lack of technical & skilled manpower in GMC, 40 technical posts are vacant

Lack of funds for data base creation & management of GIS

Poor O & M cost recovery;



Small size budget without any surplus for provision of basic services for poor

93.18% of expenditure as non‐development expenditure and only 6.82% as

development expenditure.

The average share of tax component is around 20%, the share of the non‐tax

component is less than 12% in total income;

Average surplus with GMC is 45.08% in last 3 decades;

The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 20.27%;

Fiscal gap (difference between total expenditure and income from own

resources/revenues) is 30.94%

Property tax collection efficiency is only 12.17%

STRATEGIES

Filling all sanctioned posts, if need be increase number of some critical posts

Procurement of hardware and software and training personnel;

Image building efforts like development of ‘Complaint Redressal Centers’;

Renewed efforts shall be made on all aspects of reform including user charges and

cost recovery efforts.

Efforts shall be made for earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to

the urban poor

MAJOR PROJECTS

Procurement of software and organizing training for double entry system of

accounting;

Procurement of computers, softwares for GIS & MIS and infrastructure and property

mapping into GIS and MIS data base creation in addition to training programs;

Development of 5 nos. of decetralised complaint redressal centers

E‐7 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

City Investment Plan is a broad cost estimate which has been prepared to know the

investment required to implement the identified projects to achieve the vision of the

city. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment estimated is presented in

Table E‐3.

Table E‐3: City Investment Plan

Sectors

Investment Required (Rs. Crore)

Total (%)

Share Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐2016) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)

Economic Development 49.00 34.00 ‐ 83.00 8.90

Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.70

Sewerage and Sanitation 98.35 41.50 ‐ 139.85 14.99

Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09

Solid Waste Management 49.76 12.67 6.33 68.76 7.37

Roads and Transportation 163.92 102.45 21.00 287.37 30.80



Sectors

Investment Required (Rs. Crore)

Total (%)

Share Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐2016) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)

Street Lights and Power 9.61 ‐ 9.61 1.03

Social Infrastructure 17.85 12.20 5.75 35.80 3.84

Services to Urban Poor 15.00 17.37 15.00 47.37 5.08

Heritage and Tourism 41.00 22.00 ‐ 63.00 6.75

E‐governance and Municipal Reforms

4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46

TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00

% Share 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00

E‐8 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

E‐8.1 FUNDING PATTERN

Financial Operating Plan highlights the probable source of funding for various projects

of each of the sectors. Funding pattern has been developed keeping in view

government policy and programmes. Funding pattern has been divided into three

phases based on investment requirement in each of the phases which is being detailed

in Table E‐4, E‐5 & E‐6.

Table E‐4: Funding Pattern for Phase I

Sector Amount (Rs Crore)

Funding Pattern ( Cost In Rs. Crore)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

Economic Development 49.0 15.0 7.5 24.0 2.5

Water Supply 106.4 85.1 10.6 10.6 0.0

Sewerage & Sanitation 98.4 78.3 9.8 9.8 0.5

Drainage 48.3 38.6 4.8 4.8 0.0

SWM 49.8 33.5 4.2 4.2 7.9

Roads & Transportation 163.9 15.8 51.7 7.5 89.0


Urban Poor & Slums 15.0 12.0 1.5 1.5 0.0

Urban Reform 4.3 0.0 3.9 0.4 0.0

Street Light 9.6 0.0 8.6 1.0 0.0

Heritage & Tourism 41.0 32.8 4.1 4.1 0.0

Total 603.5 311.1 120.5 69.5 102.4

51.5% 20.0% 11.5% 17.0%

Table E‐5: Funding Pattern for Phase II


Funding Pattern (Cost In Rs. Crore)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply 30.76 24.605 3.0756 3.0756 0

Sewerage &Sanitation 41.5 33 4.125 4.125 0.25

Drainage 8.5 6.8 0.85 0.85 0



SWM 12.67 3.7992 0.4749 0.4749 7.916

Roads &Transport 102.5 25.28 26.425 5.745 45

Social Infrastructure 12.2 0 8.73 0.97 2.5

Urban Poor 17.37 13.896 1.737 1.737 0

Economic Develop 34 0 0 34 0

Heritage & Tourism 22 17.6 2.2 2.2 0

Total 281.4 125.0 47.6 53.2 55.7

44.4% 16.9% 18.9% 19.8%

Table E‐6: Funding Pattern for Phase III


Funding Pattern (Rs. Crore)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

SWM 6.3 1.9 0.2 0.2 4.0 Roads & Transport 21.0 4.8 0.6 0.6 15.0 Social Infrastructure 5.8 2.0 3.2 0.6 0.0 Urban Poor & Slums 15.0 9.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 Total 48.1 17.7 8.5 1.4 20.5

36.8% 17.7% 2.9% 42.5%

Table E‐7: Overall Funding Pattern

Phase Period Total Invt. (Rs Crore)

Funding Pattern (Rs. Crore)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

I (2011‐16) 603.5 311.1 (51.5%) 120.5 (20.0%) 69.5 (11.5%) 102.4 (17.0%)

II (2016‐21) 281.4 125.0 (44.4%) 47.6 (16.9%) 53.2 (18.9%) 55.7 (19.8%)

III (2021‐30) 48.1 17.7 (36.8%) 8.5 (17.7%) 1.4 (2.9%) 20.5 (42.5%)

Total 933.0 453.8 (44.3%) 176.7 (18.2%) 124.0 (11.1%) 178.5 (26.4%)

E‐8.2 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)

The income and expenditure projections based on the data of past three years. This

may also be mentioned that actual data of income and expenditure are only for the

years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The data for 2010‐2011 is also an estimated one, vide SPUR

data sheet. Consequently, the projections of income and expenditure based on past

three years have limitation and a projection for 20 years based on three years base data

lacks consistency. However, Table E‐8 gives the trend‐based projections of income and

expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation.

Table E‐8: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure

Rs in Lakh

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2011‐12 2279 980 1300

2012‐13 2612 1036 1576

2013‐14 2944 1092 1853

2014‐15 3277 1147 2129

2015‐16 3609 1203 2406

2016‐17 3942 1259 2683

2017‐18 4275 1315 2959



Rs in Lakh


2018‐19 4607 1371 3236

2019‐20 4940 1427 3513

2020‐21 5272 1483 3789

2021‐22 5605 1539 4066

2022‐23 5937 1595 4343

2023‐24 6270 1650 4619

2024‐25 6602 1706 4896

2025‐26 6935 1762 5173

2026‐27 7267 1818 5449

2027‐28 7600 1874 5726

2028‐29 7933 1930 6003

2029‐30 8265 1986 6279

E‐8.3 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)

Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials

SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and

expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of

GMC which are presented in Table E‐9.

Table E‐9: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC

SN Particulars Remarks

Total Receipts

1 Total Tax Revenues

double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16

2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues


3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (1+2)

4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth

5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants)

Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)

6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth

7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth

Total Expenditure

1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growth Source: SPUR



Financial Projections

The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the

period 2011‐2030 is given below Table E‐10. The expected income and expenditure

projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained

from SPUR. Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the expected income

and expenditure estimations of GMC for the rest of the period (from 2016‐17 to 2029‐

30) has been calculated.

Table E‐10: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)

Year Expected Income based

on Trend Expected Expenditure

based on Trend Surplus

2011‐12 2197 979 1218

2012‐13 2496 1028 1468

2013‐14 2798 1079 1719

2014‐15 3101 1132 1969

2015‐16 3408 1188 2220

2016‐17 3708 1238 2470

2017‐18 4011 1290 2721

2018‐19 4314 1342 2971

2019‐20 4616 1394 3222

2020‐21 4919 1447 3472

2021‐22 5222 1499 3723

2022‐23 5524 1551 3973

2023‐24 5827 1603 4224

2024‐25 6130 1655 4474

2025‐26 6432 1708 4725

2026‐27 6735 1760 4975

2027‐28 7038 1812 5226

2028‐29 7341 1864 5476

2029‐30 7643 1916 5727

During all the years of investments of Corporation under its usual course of operations

and those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of

revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations

in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered. Growth

rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very conservatively.

Table E‐11 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern the Corporation

will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The projected pattern of

income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to cover its share of

investment.

The requirement of Rs 6950 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be

available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of

funds Rs. 5320 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 140 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by

surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively. The requirement of total

investment amount Rs 12410 lakh by Gaya Municipal Corporation is actually generated

within the period 2011‐12 to 2029‐30.



Table E‐11: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh)

YEAR SURPLUS CUMULATIVE SURPLUS

REQUIREMENT OF FUND BY NIGAM FOR INVESTMENT

BALANCE AFTER INVESTMENT

2011‐12 1218 1218

6950

2012‐13 1468 2686

2013‐14 1719 4405

2014‐15 1969 6374

2015‐16 2220 8594 1644

2016‐17 2470 4114

5320

4114

2017‐18 2721 6835 6835

2018‐19 2971 9806 9806

2019‐20 3222 13028 13028

2020‐21 3472 16501 16501

2021‐22 3723 20223 14903

2022‐23 3973 18877

140

18877

2023‐24 4224 23100 23100

2024‐25 4474 27575 27575

2025‐26 4725 32300 32300

2026‐27 4975 37275 37275

2027‐28 5226 42501 42501

2028‐29 5476 47977 47977

2029‐30 5727 53704 53564

E‐8.4 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II

The following Table E‐12 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based surplus

estimation by Alternate‐I is nearly 9% higher than surplus estimated based on SPUR’s

assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence, the

funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of GMC has

been considered based Alternate‐II.

Table E-12: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives

Rs in Lakh

Year Surplus Income of GMC based on Alternate‐I

Surplus Income of GMC Based on Alternate‐II

Alternate‐I Surplus % higher than Alternate‐II

Surplus

2011‐12 1300 1218 6.69

2012‐13 1576 1468 7.37

2013‐14 1853 1719 7.78

2014‐15 2129 1969 8.15

2015‐16 2406 2220 8.38

2016‐17 2683 2470 8.62

2017‐18 2959 2721 8.76

2018‐19 3236 2971 8.92

2019‐20 3513 3222 9.02

2020‐21 3789 3472 9.14

2021‐22 4066 3723 9.22

2022‐23 4343 3973 9.31

2023‐24 4619 4224 9.36



Rs in Lakh




Surplus

2024‐25 4896 4474 9.43

2025‐26 5173 4725 9.48

2026‐27 5449 4975 9.54

2027‐28 5726 5226 9.57

2028‐29 6003 5476 9.62

2029‐30 6279 5727 9.65


| Introduction i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ........................................................................................................ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) .......................................................................... 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ........................................................................ 1‐3 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ............................................................................................ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ............................................................... 1‐6

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Methodology .................................................................................................. 1‐5


| Introduction 1‐1

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION

This assignment seeks to provide support to various urban local bodies (ULBs) of Bihar

in preparing City Development Plan (CDP). This report will provide a comprehensive

long term strategy (Vision‐2030) further divided as immediate term (5 years), short

term (10 years), and long term (20 years) as well as City Investment Plan (CIP). Based on

these plans, the concerned ULBs will access funds under GoI/GoB schemes, from SPUR

supported by DFID as well as from their own and other sources based on priority

actions and projects identified in the CDP. The CDP will also provide operational

strategies for various sectors and present implementable action plans for each viable

sector. It will also provide a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for

mobilizing various financial resources to implement the identified projects. The CDP

preparation is done through consultative process as defined in the JNNURM’s CDP

preparation revised toolkit.

1.2 BACKGROUND

In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has gone under significant change

with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term

development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account

of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind

other states. The urban sector in Bihar is small, with only 10 percent of the state’s

population classified as urban, but surprisingly, the state has as many as 138 urban local

bodies. The characteristics of majority of these bodies are mentioned below:

Deficiencies in the availability and accessibility of infrastructure and service

provisions;

Severely cash starved and highly dependent on grants, even for the payment of

staff salaries;

Coping with poverty pockets that are excluded from service networks and

Severely restricted in technical capabilities to utilize available funds for

infrastructure creation. The priorities for infrastructure creation are many and

require prioritization. It is the absence of a holistic approach that is severely

constraining the sustainability of interventions.

The overall scope of this assignment is the preparation of City Development Plans and

City Investment Plans for three urban local bodies, namely, Gaya Municipal



Corporation, Aurangabad Nagar Parishad and Sasaram Nagar Parishad. These three

towns have been identified for technical and investment support under the ongoing

Department for International Development (DFID, Government of United Kingdom) for

SPUR‐Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar. Hence, Egis India Consulting

Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad has been appointed to prepare CDP and CIP for above

mentioned ULBs.

1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’

The SPUR is based on the premise that effective urban centres play a significant role in

economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater economic

activity and services that can contribute to pro‐poor development. Over 60 percent of

India’s economic growth and 90 percent of government revenues in recent decades are

attributed to urban areas.

SPUR’s goal is “significantly accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction in

Bihar by 2014”. Its purpose is to “significantly enhance the ability of identified ULBs’ to

provide urban services and to attract private investments.”

The project will cover 28 urban centres, expected to become hubs for economic

activities, benefitting the wider state. It will directly improve the quality of services

received by 6.36 million urban citizens, of who 2.83 million are poor. It is also expected

that the programme will benefit large number of people from nearby rural areas who

depend on these urban centres. The project will promote state level institutions and

improve financial and managerial capacities, as well as accountability, of Urban Local

Bodies (ULBs). SPUR will achieve its purpose by delivering five mutually reinforcing

outputs:

effective policies and stronger institutions to promote and manage urban

development in place;

state and ULBs mobilize significantly increased resources for urban development

and manage them more effectively;

identified ULBs plan, implement and manage urban infrastructure and services

more effectively;

increased municipal capacity to attract private investment in urban areas;

empowered poor communities and socially excluded groups, increased access to

urban resources and livelihood opportunities

The above mentioned five outputs will strengthen key components (state level

institutions and their links with the centre; links between the state level institutions and

the ULBs; and links between the ULB governance structures, executive and the citizens’

groups including private sector entities and citizens’ organizations) and functional areas

(policy making; planning; implementation; monitoring and evaluation; communication



and feedback mechanisms) that constitute the broad delivery chain leading to impacts

on the poor urban citizens.

Therefore, the CDP will draw strategic links with the ongoing SPUR programme, of

which supports following five thematic areas:

urban governance and planning;

municipal finance and accounting;

municipal infrastructure;

local economic development;

social development, poverty alleviation and livelihoods

1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)

The City Development Plan prepared is both a perspective and a vision for the future

development of a city. It presents the current stage of the town’s development, sets out

the directions of growth and the thrust areas, and suggests alternative routes,

strategies, and interventions for bringing about the change. It provides a framework

and vision within which projects need to be identified and implemented. It establishes a

logical and consistent framework for the evaluation of investment decisions.

The City Development Plan emphasizes on issues of priority of local concerns for urban

renewal and infrastructure like water supply; sewerage and solid waste management;

construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains, electricity,

construction/up gradation of roads, highways/expressways; parking lots/spaces;

sanitation, sports and cultural sites, capacity building of local bodies; disaster

management; development of heritage sites, preservation of water bodies, education,

health and other social infrastructure.

Cities with rapid growth in population are putting heavy pressure on services and the

urban local bodies are not been able to meet the demands and expectations. To

address the present and emerging infrastructure needs and services delivery gaps in

Gaya city area the city development plan needs to be prepared. The key objective of the

plan is to formulate a development strategy for meeting the emerging challenges of

infrastructure, address the problems of urban mobility and create enabling

environment for the growth of economy.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT

The broad objective of this assignment is to visualize the town in the next 20 years.

Specific objectives of preparation of CDP include:

Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity

mix/ growth;

Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project

requirements;



Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to

priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;

Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required

to sustain the investment proposed;

Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial

sustainability and improvements in service levels;

Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including

use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and

infrastructure issues

1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK

The scope of the study and the activities to be carried out shall be as indicated in the

Terms of Reference. However, the scope of work defined in the TOR shall not be a

limiting factor for the CDP preparation. The CDP to be a meaningful document which

can be translated on the ground and help achieve development goals effectively, it has

to be contextual and close to the ground realities and priorities.

The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close

collaboration with the ULBs. Following are the various stages in the preparation of City

Development Plan for Gaya City:

a) Inception Report

b) Interim Report

c) Draft CDP

d) Final CDP

1.7 METHODOLOGY

The City Development Plan (CDP) preparation is mostly based on the secondary data

collected from concerned departments and public reports. Some conclusions are also

based on site inspection and discussions with officials of concerned departments

engaged in providing and maintaining various infrastructure facilities and residents of

city area.

The City Development Plan presents the urban development issues, deficiency analysis

and a management framework outlining strategies and guidelines for future growth.

The CDP ‐ considered as an multi‐stage exercise ‐ takes into account the existing

situation including assessing the status of municipal services, its fiscal status,

operational and management procedures.

The CDP also takes into consideration the works and plans of government and quasi‐

government agencies contributing towards the growth and development of the town.

The whole methodology is furthur shown in Figure 1.1.



Figure 1.1: Methodology

Directions of

change &

expectations

Options and

Strategies

Link with Reform

Agenda

Criteria for

Prioritisation

SWOT Analysis

Demand Supply

Gap

Strategies for Development

City Assessment

Future Perspective & Vision

Parameters Demography

Economic Base

Financial assessment of ULBs

Physical and Environment features

Infrastructure

Institutions

Provision of Basic Services especially to the urban poor

Multi Stakeholder

Consultations

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives

Prioritisation & Phasing of Projects/Investments

Funding options Financial Operation Plan

Sectors and Components

Demography

Economy

Physical Infrastructure

Social Infrastructure

Enviornment

Housing and urban basic services for poor

Urban Governance and reforms



1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE

Land, housing, urban development and provision of civic infrastructure are State subject

and under the purview of the State Government, under the constitution of India. The

State Government is empowered to enforce and enact necessary laws and frame

policies that support its governing function. However, Central Government plays a

significant role through allocation of funds and devolution of resources within the

national five‐year plans for development. The government of India introduced the

Constitution Amendment Act (74th) in 1991. The constitution (74th Amendment Act),

1992 (CAA 74) refurbished the whole system of urban‐local self‐governance by

implanting a new structure of economy, municipal authorities with additional

devolution of functions, planning responsibilities and new system of fiscal transfers. It

accorded constitutional status to urban local bodies (ULBs) and prescribed a near

uniform local government structure valid across the country. The twelfth schedule of

the CAA74 has listed 18 function and responsibilities to Local Bodies listed as below:

1 Urban Planning including town planning

2 Regulation of land‐use and construction of buildings.

3 Planning for economic and social developments

4 Roads and bridges.

5 Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.

6 Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.

7 Fire services.

8 Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological

aspects.

9 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the

handicapped and mentally retarded.

10 Slum improvement and up‐gradation.

11 Urban poverty alleviation.

12 Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.

13 Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.

14 Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric

crematoriums.

15 Cattle ponds; prevention of cruelty to animals.

16 Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.

17 Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public

conveniences.

18 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries”.


| Physical Features of Town i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN .................................................................. 2‐1 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ............................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1.2 Physical Features ............................................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.3 Demographic Features .................................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.4 Work Participation .......................................................................................... 2‐2 2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 2‐3 2.2.1 Demographic Features .................................................................................... 2‐3 2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District ................................................................ 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation .......................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE ......................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3.1 Historical Importance ...................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages ...................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.3 Physiography ................................................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope ....................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.5 Climate ............................................................................................................ 2‐6 2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth ................................................................................... 2‐6

List of Maps

Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya Map 2.3: Regional Map Map 2.4: Gaya City Map


| Physical Features of Town 2‐1

Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar

2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN

2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE

2.1.1 Introduction

Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country. It is an entirely land‐locked state,

although the outlet to the sea through the port of Kolkata is not far away. Bihar lies

mid‐way between the humid West Bengal

in the East and the sub humid Uttar

Pradesh in the West which provides it with

a transitional position in respect of climate,

economy and culture. It is bounded by

Nepal in the north and by Jharkhand in the

South.

The Bihar plain is divided into two equal

halves by the river Ganga which flows

through the middle from west to east.

Location of Bihar is Latitude (24°‐

20'‐10" ~ 27°‐31'‐15" N) and Longitude

(82°‐19'‐50" ~ 88°‐17'‐40" E).

During most of British India, Bihar was a part of the Presidency of Bengal and was

governed from Calcutta. As such, this was a territory very much dominated by the

people of Bengal. All leading educational and medical centers were in Bengal. When

separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1912, Bihar and Orissa comprised a single

province. Later, under the Government of India Act of 1935, the Division of Orissa

became a separate province and the Province of Bihar came into being as an

administrative unit of British India. At Independence in 1947, the State of Bihar with the

same geographic boundary formed a part of the Republic of India until 1956. At that

time, an area in the south‐east, predominantly the district of Purulia, was separated

and incorporated into West Bengal as part of the Linguistic Reorganization of Indian

States. Patna is currently the capital of Bihar.

2.1.2 Physical Features

Bihar lies in the tropical to sub tropical region. Rainfall here is the most significant factor

in determining the nature of vegetation. Bihar has a monsoon climate with an average

annual rainfall of 1205mm.



The topography of Bihar can be easily described as a fertile alluvial plain occupying the

Gangetic Valley. The plain extends from the foothills of the Himalayas in the north to a

few miles south of the river Ganges as it flows through the State from the west to the

east. Rich farmland and lush orchards extend throughout the State. The major crops of

the State are paddy, wheat, lentils, sugarcane, jute, etc. Sugar cane is also grown in the

West Champaran. The principal fruits are mangoes, banana, jack fruit and litchis. This is

one of the very few areas outside China which produces litchis.

Bihar is richly endowed with water resources, both the ground water resource and

surface water resource. Not only does Bihar get good rainfall but it has considerable

water supply from the rivers which flow within the territory of the State. Ganga is the

main river which is joined by tributaries with their sources in the Himalayas. Some of

them are Saryu (Ghagra), Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla‐Balan and

Mahananda. Among the wildlife, prominent are deer, bears, numerous species of birds,

wild owl and last but not the least, tiger. The forest around Valmiki Nagar, West

Champaran is one of the last remaining refuges of this highly endangered species.

Bihar is truly a splendid home for wildlife. There are a total of 21 wildlife sanctuaries

and 2 national parks in Bihar that makes it the best in the country for witnessing the

wonders of the nature. The area covered by each of them is quite huge which gives

ample space for the creatures to thrive in natural habitats. The state has taken special

initiatives to take care of the animals and maintain the fragile ecosystem. The wildlife

sanctuaries here are also renowned because they are home to some endangered

species whose number has increased over the last few years. Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary

and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary are the most famous of all the sanctuaries in Bihar.

2.1.3 Demographic Features

The state has a total geographical area of 94163 sq. km. and a population size of

39754714 (2001 Census) giving a density of 422 persons per sq. km.

In the State of Bihar 52 percent of total population is male and the rest (48 percent) is

female. It is also clear from the above table that 90 percent of the population of the

State resides in rural areas and the rest (10 percent) resides in urban areas.

As per Census 2001, the figures for sex‐ratio, population density per sq km and

percentage decadal growth rate are 921, 880 and 28.43, respectively, for the State of

Bihar.

2.1.4 Work Participation

The work participation in the State is 33.7 percent and non workers are 66.3 percent.

The work participation rate amongst males and females is 47.4 percent and 18.8

percent, respectively. Importantly, the work participation rate amongst the women is



GayaAurangaba

Rohtas

also high that is 18.8 percent. It is interesting to note that the women of the State

participate in economic activities.

2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW

Gaya was earlier a part of the Magadh region. Gaya city is the headquarters of Gaya

district. Gaya city is 100 kilometers from Patna and is situated on the banks of Falgu

River. It is a place sanctified by both the Hindus and the Buddhist religions. The district

is surrounded by Jehanabad district in the north, Chatra district of Jharkhand in the

south, Nawada district in the East and Aurangabad district in the West.

Gaya is home to a number of sacred shrines, out of which the Vishnupad Temple is the

notable. To the south of the city is Bodh Gaya, the site where Lord Buddha attained

enlightenment. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world visit the sacred shrines in

and around Gaya.

2.2.1 Demographic Features

The population of the district as per Census 2001 is 3,473,428. Gaya district covers an

area of 4,976 sq. km. and has a total population of 3,473,428 giving a density of 698

persons per sq. km. which is much higher than the corresponding figure of the state 422

persons per sq. km.

Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya

The district has 3473428 persons, out of which 1792163 (52 percent) are males and

1681265 (48 percent) are females. It is also worth mentioning here that 86 percent of



the total population of the district resides in rural areas and the rest (14 percent) in the

urban areas.

2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District

Gaya city is the administrative head quarters of the district. The district is divided into

four Sub‐Divisions, nine Tehsils, twenty four CD Blocks, three hundred and thirty two

Panchayats and two thousand eight hundred and sixty Villages. The district has one

municipal corporation, three Nagar panchayats and one zila parishad. It has one

parliamentary constituency and ten assembly constituency.

2.2.3 Work Participation

Work participation rate is 36.8 percent and non workers are 63.2 percent. The work

participation rate amongst males and females is 47.4 percent and 25.5 percent,

respectively. It is interesting to note that substantial number of women in the district

participate in economic activities.

2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE

2.3.1 Historical Importance

Gaya opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power

over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around

519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in

the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and

Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty,

Gaya and the entire Magadh region came under the Mayuryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC

– 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya

to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.

The period of Hindu revivalism commenced with the coming of the Guptas during the

4th and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of Magadh helped to bring Gaya into limelight.

It was headquarter of Behar district during Gupta Empire. Gaya then passed on to the

Pala dynasty with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh

Gaya was built during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya came under the

reign of Muhamaddan rulers in the 12th century with Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji

invading the region. For a short period thereafter, the Pathan Chief Sher Shah ruled

over the place at the end of 16th century. The place finally passed on to the Britishers

after the battle of Buxar in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, won

freedom in 1947.

Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with

Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PINDAN to their father Dasharath. In

Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.



2.3.1 Location

Gaya is geographically located at latitude (24.81 degrees) 24° 48' 35" North of the

Equator and longitude (85 degrees) 85° 0' 0" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of

the world. It has an average elevation of 111 meters (364 ft).It is situated in the state of

Bihar and is surrounded by Jehanabad district on the north, Chatra district of Jharkhand

on the south, Nawada district on the east and Aurangabad district on the west. The

district is divided into two parts by Falgu River. Gaya city is the headquarters of Gaya

district and is 100 kilometers from Patna, situated on the banks of Falgu River.

2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages

Gaya is located in the central part of the state of Bihar, in the north‐eastern part of

India. It is a part of the great Gangetic plains. It is located to the west of the Falgu River,

which is a tributary of river Ganga. It is 13 km north of Bodhgaya and 100 km south of

Patna city.it is a place sanctified by both the Hindu and the Buddhist religions. It is

surrounded by small rocky hills on three sides and the river Falgu flowing on the fourth

(eastern) side. The city is a mix of natural surroundings, age old buildings and narrow

lanes. Gaya is the second most important station in Bihar after Patna. It is an important

junction and is connected to three major metropolises in the country, namely, New

Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai through broad gauge routes. The city is also well connected

with rest of the country by road and airways. The Grand Trunk Road (NH‐2) is about

30 km from Gaya. Thus, Gaya is well connected to Patna, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro,

Rourkela, Hazaribag, Kolkata, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Delhi, Amritsar, and to the

Pakistani cities of Lahore and Peshawar.Gaya has an international airport. It is a small

international airport connected to Colombo and Bangkok. Regional Connectivity has

been represented in Map 2.3.

2.3.3 Physiography

Gaya stands in the transit‐region where the uplands of the Chotanagarpur plateau

merge in the south Bihar alluvial Gangetic plains. It is doted by small rocky hills

(Mangala‐Gauri, Shringa‐Sthan, Ram‐Shila and Brahmayoni) on three sides and the river

flowing on the fourth (eastern) side.

2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope

The topography of the west‐bank town, viz. Gaya proper, is influenced by the

Brahmayanoni hill and the smaller elevation along the river in Andar Gaya; the hills of

Murli and Ramsila to the north; the Katari hill and plateau to the west, and the Pretsila

hill, further beyond to the north‐west. The situation of these outcrops gives the

encompassed urban area the shape of an irregular broken saucer. The north and the

north‐eastern slope is obstructed to some degree by the Ramsila, not only makes the

Bairagi Mohulla and its environs the lowest part of Gaya proper but also causes vicious

problems of water logging to arise within it.



A further important gradient exists in the north‐west direction almost parallel to the

Gaya‐Tekari road due to the depression formed between the plateau of the Katari and

the Pretshila hills. The lowest level, in the proximity of the west bank town, exists near

the junction of this depression with the Jamunia stream.

A small area of Gaya proper, lying south of the Vishnupada and the Brahma‐yoni hill,

has a natural fall in that direction. Beyond it stretch extensive low lands, drained by a

small channel into the falgu.

The east‐bank town, Manpur has an overall northward fall of land and the two hills of

Manpur and Salempur (or Ram Gaya) within it stand too far apart to introduce any but

minor local variations. The latter hill, standing opposite the Vishnupada rocks, creates,

however, afflux conditions upstream and deflects the falgu towards the other bank.

2.3.5 Climate

The town lies in the hot and humid tropical zone and with wide sandy expanse of the

Falgu, has become one of the hottest and humid places in the country with absolute

maximum temperatures reaching as high as 45 degree C and 90% humidity. The climate

of Gaya is thus hot in summers and cold in winters, so also, the variation in day and

night temperature is high. The prevailing wind direction, except during monsoon when

easterlies and south‐easterlies predominate, is from the west. The average annual

rainfall here is 1096 mm per annum. The context of temperature obviously indicates

that micro‐climatology has an important role to play at Gaya.

2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth

Gaya is surrounded by a ring of hills around it, the Ramshila hill on the north, Katari hill

on the west, and Brahmyoni on the south and the south‐west of the city, is the rugged

ravines and rocks. River Falgu flows on the eastern side of the city. After Independence

the town experienced a faster growth. New colonies such as police lines and railway

quarters were developed in a planned manner. The south‐west part of the city has

largely developed as institutional/residential low density area. Major portion of the city

is on the western side of Falgu River and a smaller portion of the city has been grown

along eastern bank of Falgu River. Because Gaya is a district head quarter and its

strategic location has tendency of growing as commercial centre, it has resulted in

increased pressure of commercial activities in the old city. Thus town had started

spreading along all major spines of the town. The town has spread almost in all

directions especially along Jahanabad‐Patna road, Sherghati road, Nawada Road and

Gaya‐Dobi road. National Highways and State Highways like NH‐82, NH‐83, SH‐4, SH‐7

and SH‐70 passes through the city. Gaya city map is represented in Map 2.4.


| Demography i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 DEMOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3‐1 3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION .................................................... 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND .............................................................................................. 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................ 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ..................................................................................... 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ............................................................................................. 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ........................................................................................................ 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY .......................................................................................................... 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION .............................................................................. 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 3‐6

List of Tables Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends ............................................................................... 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ............................................................................ 3‐3 Table 3.3: Population Density ........................................................................................... 3‐3 Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses ............................. 3‐4 Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades ....................................................................... 3‐4 Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area ......................................... 3‐4 Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya ....................................................... 3‐5 Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area ............................................... 3‐5

List of Figures Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001 ............................................................ 3‐2 Figure 3.2 : Literacy Rate .................................................................................................. 3‐5 Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods .................................................... 3‐6

List of Maps Map 3.1 : Ward Map


| Demography 3‐1

3 DEMOGRAPHY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The demographic characteristic, a major component in the formulation of a City

Development Plan, is analyzed in terms of population growth rate and its spatial spread

within the city. Analysis of demographic indicators is important to understand expected

development to plan the future growth of the town. Chapter includes the analysis of

population growth trends, population distribution, spatial spread of population,

population density, household size, sex ratio, literacy level, workforce participation

rate, social composition and estimated population for 2030 for which infrastructure in

Gaya needs to be planned.

3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION

Gaya Municipal Corporation established as city ULB in 1883. As per Census 2001, Gaya

has 37 municipal wards with population size of 385432 and 1 ward (Kaler) as outgrowth

with a population of 3760. Thus total population of Gaya town was 389192 spread over

an area of 50.17sq.km. Further as per Draft Master Plan, 2027 referred to Gaya Zilla

Gazatte, March 2007, Gaya Municipal Corporation includes its outgrowth under section

‐13 of ‘The Bihar Muncipal Act, 2007’ and divided into 53 election wards with the total

population size of 389192.

3.3 GROWTH TREND

Gaya is a Class‐I city with largest population size among five unban centers of Gaya

district. Population of the city has been continously increasing since 1921 with varying

rates ranging from 18 to 37 percent. Growth trend of Gaya in last 10 decades is shown

in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends

Year Population Growth (in %)

1901 71,288

1911 49,921 ‐29.97

1921 67,562 35.31

1931 88,005 30.26

1941 105,223 19.56


| Demography 3‐2

Year Population Growth (in %)

1951 133,700 27.06

1961 151,105 13.02

1971 179,884 19.05

1981 247,075 37.35

1991 291,675 18.05

2001 389,192 33.43

(Source: Town Directory, 2001)

Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001

The average population growth of the city in last 10 decades (1901‐2001) is 20.3%.

There was sudden decrease in population from 1901 to 1911 and thereafter continous

increase in population with varied rate has been observed. Highest population growth

of Gaya was in 1971‐81 and growth rate in last decade (1991‐2001) was 33.4%. Since

Gaya is a regional center, lot of rural to urban migration occurs due to which there has

been continous incease in population over decades.

3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Gaya Municipal Corporation Area is divided into 53 wards as per Gaya Zilla Gazette,

March 2007. Spatial distribution of wards in Gaya is represented in Map 3.1. Population

in 53 wards varies from 6401 to 8305. Different wards have been grouped into three

categories according to size of the population which is shown in Table 3.2.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Population

Year

Population Growth Trends


| Demography 3‐3

Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution

S.N. Population Size

Distribution

Number of

Wards Ward Numbers

1 6000‐7000 19 1,3,4,6,9,10,13,17,18,19,20,22,23,25,27,36,

41,45 and 46

2 7000‐8000 24 5,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,21,24,26,28,29,30,31,32,

33,37,38,39,42,43,44 and 51

3 >8000 10 2,34,35,40,47,48,49,50,52 and 53

Lowest population size of 6401 is of Ward No. 20 which is spread over an area of 13 Ha

and the highest population size 8305 is of Ward No. 49 which is spread over an area of

53 Ha approximately. It can be observed from above table that maximum wards are

having population size ranging from 7000 to 8000.

3.5 POPULATION DENSITY

Gaya with a population of 389192 and area 5017 ha is having gross population density

of 78 ppha. The net population density (excluding agriculture and vacant land) of Gaya

is 167 ppha. Ward wise population density of the Gaya town shows that highest density

is in Ward No. 21 i.e. 1450 ppha and the lowest density is recorded in Ward No. 29 i.e. 8

ppha. Ward No. 49 has maximum population i.e. 8305 people followed by Ward No. 53

and 47 (8290 and 8265 resp.). All these three wards are located on eastern side of the

river in Manpur.

Table 3.3: Population Density

S. No. Category Density Ward Numbers

1 Very Low Below 50 29,30,43,44,46,48,53

2 Low 50‐100 1,32,45,47

3 Medium 100‐200 2,3,5,6,23,25,26,27,28,31,36,49,50,51,52

4 High 200‐500 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,20,22,24,33,39,35,37,

40,41,42

5 Very High Above 500 7,15,18,19,21,38,39

The above Table 3.3 reveals that maximum number of wards comes under high density

zone and then medium density zone. The population density in ward no. 29, 30, 43, 44,

46, 48 and 53 is less than 50 which are located on the periphery of the municipal

boundary where as density is more than 500 in ward no. 7, 15, 18, 19, 21, 38 and 39

which are present in the center of the city.

3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

As per Census 2001, there were 54224 households in GMC with total population of

389192 showing a household size of 7.2 which is much higher than the average


| Demography 3‐4

household size of 5. As per the SPUR, reffered to State Government Survey, 2007‐08,

total number of households in Gaya is 85623. Number of households with varying

household sizes is given below in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses

Household size Total Number of Households in GMC Percentage

1 1196 2.3

2 2059 3.9

3 2776 5.3

4 5371 10.3

5 7108 13.6

6‐8 18335 35.1

9+ 15388 29.5

Total 52233 100.0 (Source: Table on Houses, Household Amenities, Census of India 2001)

Total of 65% of the households are having household size greater than 5 showing lack of

housing facility in Gaya town.

3.7 SEX RATIO

Sex ratio is an important indicator of health and social status of women in society which

has direct and indirect bearing on other key indicators like child mortality. Thus, the sex

ratio in last three decades is shown in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades

Town Sex Ratio in 1981 Sex Ratio in 1991 Sex Ratio in 2001

Gaya 868 859 885

(Source: Town Directory, 2001)

Sex ratio in Gaya town is increasing since last three decades shows the improving status

of women in society. Sex ratio of GMC in 2001, 885 females per 1000 males is lower

than the districts and states sex ratio of 937 and 921 respectively.

3.8 LITERACY

Literacy rate is an important indicator of the socio‐economic status of the area. Overall

literacy rate along with male and female literates are shown in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area

Area Literates

Literacy Rate Male Female Total

GMC 148959 106363 255322

77.2 58.34% 41.65% 100%

(Source: Census, 2001)


| Demography 3‐5

58%

42% Male

Female

Above table shows that out of the total number of

literates in GMC, 58.34% are male and 41.65% are

females. Overall literacy rate of GMC is 77.2% higher

than states and districts average of 47.5% and 51.1%

respectively.

3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION

Social Composition of town population represents the share of Schedule Caste and

Schedule Tribe among the total population. As per Census 2001, 9.9% and 0.2% of the

total population are SC and ST respectively, which is also presented in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya

Social Composition Population Percentage of population

SC 38408 9.9

ST 610 0.2

Others 350174 90

Total Population of Town 389192 100

(Source: Census 2001)

3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION

City Development Plan is being prepared visualizing the town in next 20 years. In

addition to bridge the existing gaps, demands for infrastructure and urban basic

services in future needs to be estimated to improve quality of life of the residents of

town. Thus, to achieve this objective, estimation of future population is important.

Consultants, using various statistical methods based on population trends in previous

years have projected the population as presented in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area

Year Arithmetic Increase

Method Geometric Method

Exponential Graphical

Method

1961 151105 151105 151105

1971 179884 179884 179884

1981 247075 247075 247075

1991 291675 291675 291675

2001 389192 389192 389192

2011 503082 669565 463730

2021 830847 689400 576746

2030 1089816 894726 703250

Source: Projected by Consultants

Figure 3.2 : Literacy Rate


| Demography 3‐6

Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods

Population has been estimated for vision year 2030 by Arithmetic Method and

Geometric Method considering compounded annual growth rate of past 6 decades.

Population is also estimated from exponential graphical method. Population estimated

from Arithmetic, Geometric and Exponential Graphical Method for vision year 2030 are

1089816, 894726, and 703250 respectively. Estimated population from Exponential

Graphical Method of 703250 has been used for planning purposes as it is comparable

with the projections presented in Master Plan 2027 reffered to HUDCO and compatible

with the development trends.

3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS

The phenomenal growth of the Gaya in last 5 decades will be followed by the estimated

population of 703250 in 2030. Thus planning of the town including physical and social

infrastructure needs to be done to bridge the existing gap and to fill the future

requirement of the estimated population. The main issues and findings related to

demography of the town are

Gaya town has an uneven distribution of population. The wards in the central

part of the town despite the small area (Ward No. 7, 15, 18,19,21,38 and 39)

have high density greater than 500. Whereas outer wards of the Municipal

Corporation Area viz. 29, 30, 43, 44, 46, 48 and 53 have densities lower than 50

ppha. The high densities in core areas of town leads to burden on infrastructure.

Thus infrastructure provision is crucial concern in the high density areas.

Population of Gaya is increasing with a dynamic rate varied from 13‐37%.

Provision of infrastructure especially housing, water supply and sanitation is

crucial.


| Demography 3‐7

There is substantial floating population in Gaya of around 70,000 (Municipal

Council, 2006). Thus planning for basic infrastructure such as water supply and

sanitation for them is important.

58.34% of male and 41.65% of female are literate.


| Economy i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE .................................................................................................. 4‐1 4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE ..................................................................................... 4‐2 4.3.1 Formal Markets .................................................................................................... 4‐2 4.3.2 Informal markets ................................................................................................. 4‐3 4.4 Industries ............................................................................................................. 4‐4 4.5 Religious Tourism ................................................................................................. 4‐5 4.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 4‐6 4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................................................................ 4‐7 4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 4‐7

List of Tables

Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya ............................................................ 4‐1 Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC ....................................................................... 4‐1 Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas ................................................................................... 4‐2 Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets in Gaya.................................... 4‐4 Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya ................................................. 4‐4 Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economy of Gaya ......................................................... 4‐8

List of Maps

Map 4.1: Commerical Activities


| Economy 4‐1

4 ECONOMY

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Development is a multi‐dimensional phenomenon, one of which is the economic

growth of the town. Gaya is the districts headquarter, due to which all district level

offices are located in Gaya. In addition Gaya has household industries and trade &

commerce as its economic activities. Chapter includes study of workforce participation,

occupational structure and major economic activities of Gaya town. It also includes the

identification of the issues related to economy, hindrance in the orgaised development

of the town and strategies for sustenance of economy.

4.2 ECONOMIC BASE

Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy

and economic base of the town. Workforce participation rate (WFPR) in Gaya town is

24.5% which is much lower than state’s and district’s WFPR of 33.7% and 36.8% resp.

Details of workforce participation are shown in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya

Total

Population

Total Workers WFPR Main Workers

Main

Worker

Marginal

Worker

Total Male Female Total

389192 82631 12966 95597 24.56 73148 9483 82631

86.4% 13.5% 100% 88.5% 11.5% 100%

Table 4.1 shows that 86.4% of the total working population is main workers of which

88.5% are male workers showing marginal share of female workers in GMC area.

Occupational structure of the GMC is being classified into four fold classification as per

Census 2001, primary census abstract. Since main workers are major contributors to the

economy of town, detailed classification of main workers is shown in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC

Category of Workers Total Main Workers Percentage

Cultivator 2308 2.79

Agricultural labourers 3268 3.95

Household Industry Workers 7010 8.48

Other Workers 70045 84.8%

Total Main Workers 82631 100%

(Source: Census 2001)


| Economy 4‐2

It can be observed from Table 4.2 that 84.8% of main workers are categorised as ‘Other

Workers’ which includes other than agricultural and household industry workers. ‘Other

Workers’ includes workers engaged mainly in manufacturing industries, trade and

commerce, construction activities, transport and communication and other service

activities. In addition 8.5% of workers are enagaged in household industries in Gaya.

Thus majority of population is engaged in secondary and tertiary sector activities in

Gaya town. Only 6.7% are engaged in primary sector activities as agricultural labourers

and cultivators. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the hinterland. Main

crops of the district are rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, lentils, jowar, and pulses. Thus

trade and commerce, industries and religious tourism constitute the economic base of

Gaya town which will further be discussed in detail under different economic functions

of Gaya town.

4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE

Maximum working population is engaged in tertiary

sector of which one is trade and commerce. Gaya

acts as a service centre for all the surrounding towns

and villages. There is no hierarchy of commercial

centers in Gaya. Retail and wholesale activities are

spread all over the town especially along the

important roads of the town. In Gaya major

commercial activities are concentrated along G.B. Road, Tekari Road, Swarajpuri Road,

Station Road, Kachahari Road, Bodhgaya Road, Manpur Road, Vishnupad Road,

Manglagauri Road, Netaji Subhash Road, Rang bahadur Road, Anugrah Road, K.P. Road,

Katari Road, Ram Sagar Road, Ander Gaya Road, Telibagh Road and New Godown Road.

4.3.1 Formal Markets

Formal markets in Gaya are mainly concentrated all along the important roads of the

town. There are approximately 15000 shops in these markets. Main markets in Gaya

town along with the major commodities sold into these markets are listed in Table 4.3

and spatially represented in Map 4.1.

Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas

S. No. Name of Markets Type Major Commodities

1. Kedar Nath Market Retail &

Wholesale

Cloth, stationary, grossery, stationary,

vegetable and fruit mandi etc.

2. Khathotar Talab Retail Grossery, religious items

3. Hatu Godam Retail &

Wholesale

Food grains, Spices, sweets

4. G.B. Road Retail Grossery, stationary, general commercial

5 K.P. Road Retail Stationary, restaurents


| Economy 4‐3

S. No. Name of Markets Type Major Commodities

6 Kachahari Road Retail Stationary

7 Tikari Road

/DakBunglow Road

Retail and

Wholesale

Vegetables, Hardward, Auto parts,

Machine parts

8 Chowk Market Retail General Commercial

9 New Gaya College Road Retail Stationary, Computer

10 ANNMCH Market Retail Chemists

11 Station Road Retail Hotels and Restaurents

4.3.2 Informal markets

Street vending is one of the means of informal marketing. A large section of street

vendors in urban areas comprises those people who migrated to town from rural areas

in search of employment. They normally set up thelas, mobile shops, thatch roofed

kutcha shops on the footpath and road sides. They mostly locate themselves

strategically near work centres, commercial areas, outside schools and colleges,

religious places and tourist places, hospitals and transport nodes etc. Street vending is

prevalent near railway station, bus station, Vishnupad temple, Diggi talab, colleges,

hospitals etc. Informal activities are prevalent along the main roads of the town viz.

Ghungadi Tad Road, Station Road, Bodhgaya Highway Road, Patna Highway Road,

Vishnupad Temple Road, Mangla Gauri Road, Swarajpuri Road, etc. Few of the places

where informal activities are prevalent are mentioned in Table 4.4.

Kedar Nath Market, Gaya Kedar Nath Market

Kachahari Road Market Dak Bunglow Road, Gaya


| Economy 4‐4

Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets in Gaya

S. No. Name of Markets Main Commodaties

1 New Godown Sweets,

2 Ghewal Bigha Mod

(Near old Bus stand)

Sweets, Tea stalls, eateries

3 Chand Chaura Clothes, Sweets

4 Rajendra Road eateris, religious items, sweet

5 Sikaria Mod Eatries, tea stalls

6 Station road Eatries, Bags

Other than above, there are informal markets for vegetables at Ghughari Tad Road,

Manpur Road, New Gaya College Road, Sikaria Mod, Jail

Road etc. These markets are located along the major roads,

and create congestion in high traffic zones.

The total numbers of vendors

in Gaya are approximately

10953 out of which 80 percent

have kutcha informal shops and 20 percent are mobile.

Around 48.2% sell fruits and vegetable, 10.2% sell fish etc,

19.2% sell processed food, 6.4% cloths and 16% falls

under other’s category. (Source: LED Strategy Report)

4.4 INDUSTRIES

There is no major industrial set up in the town. Few toffee industries, oil mills,

sugarcane mills present in Gaya which are degenterating. In addition there are few

small scale and household industries in Gaya which includes powerloom/handloom,

aggarbatti non‐scented, trading perfumery, tilkut‐lai, building material (stone and

window grill), wooden furniture material, clay pieces etc. A majority of these industries

are located in the old city and Manpur area. Table 4.5 presents the details of industrial

units in GMC.

Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya

S.N Unit Type No. of

Units

Employees/Unit

(Approx)

Total

Employees

(Approx)

Location

1 Powerloom/

Handloom 5000 2 12000 Manpur

2 Agarbatti Non

cented 10,000 100

100,000 in

the district

Ghewal begha, Ghungadi

tola, Karim ganj, Aliganj,

Panchayati Akhara, Bari

Road, Kathokar talab,

Murarpur Abgilla.


| Economy 4‐5

S.N Unit Type No. of

Units

Employees/Unit

(Approx)

Total

Employees

(Approx)

Location

3 Trading perfumery 100 20 2000 Gaya town

4 Stone building

material

50 stone

Crushers

(District)

20 labor/unit 2000 Gaya‐Patna road and

Neilly military camp

5 Tilkut/lai 100 units 5/unit 1000 Ramana Road, Tikari

Road

6 Sleepers

(Railways) 2 units 37 75 Manpur

7 Building material

window grill 100

Direct

Employment‐5,

Indirect

Employment‐10

1500

8 Wooden furniture

material 50

Direct

employment‐5,

Indirect

employment‐5

500 Gurudwara Road‐

Godam

9 Artesian:

statues/clay pieces 100 6 600 Manpur

10 Carton Manf. 25 10 250 Manpur

(Source: Draft Master Plan for 2027)

Power loom/ handloom contribute to the maximum employment, at the rate of almost

2 workers per unit. There are around 5000 units, employing around 12000 workers of

which 25% are females. These household/power loom industries are primarily located

in Manpur area of which again almost 99% are in Patwa toli. There are 100 perfumery

trading units employing around 2000 workers mainly located in Ghewal Begha,

Ghungadi Tola, Karim Ganj, Aligunj, Panchayati Akhara, Bari Road, Kathokar Talab etc.

Another main household industry in Gaya is of Tilkut –Lai comprising of around 100

units of which 90% are unregistered located mainly on Ramana Road and Tikari road.

There are 25 cartoon and 100 artesian staues/clay pieces manufacturing units located in

Manpur area. Apart of these there are 2 railway sleepers units located in Manpur.

4.5 RELIGIOUS TOURISM

Situated on the banks of Phalgu River, Gaya is a place sanctified by both, the Hindu and

the Buddhist religions. The town finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and

Mahabharata. Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering Pind daan

to their father Dasharath. In Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.

Thus Gaya becomes an important town for performing ritual of pind daan.


| Economy 4‐6

Main pilgrim heritage sites in Gaya are Vishnupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple,

Pretshila Temple, Ramshila Temple and Brahmayoni Temple. In addition to above,

there are 54 sites and about 18 sarovars for pind daan with varied religious importance

in Gaya viz. Brahma Kund, Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar,

Sarju Sarovar, Uttarmanas Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, Falgu River etc. Jama Masjid,

the largest in Bihar is situated in Gaya. In 2001, Gaya attracted 4.29 percent domestic

tourist and 7.23 percent foreign tourist visiting Bihar. In 2006 percentage of domestic

tourist increased to 10.65 percent and foreign tourist decreased to 3.49 percent. There

was a decrease in absolute value of foreign tourist also from 2005 to 2006, from 4000

to 3300 (LED Strategy Report)

The town has many economic activity related to tourism and religion like hospitality

industry, incense stick, candles, idols, gammcha, silk scarf etc. They not only sell their

product locally but also outside the state. People sell these products through middle

men which reduces the profits of the product maker.


Presently economy of Gaya is thriving on service based industries.

Demand for commercial services is steadily increasing, but in absence of

adequate initiatives to develop orgaised commercial areas, the informal sector

in the form of street vending is encroaching upon road space along major roads

and foothpaths leading to traffic congestion including pedestrians;

There are no special commodity based markets and wholesale markets in Gaya.

Commercial acitivities are concentrated only along few busy congested streets.

There is a need to facilitate the informal sector activities in the town which is

present in city to a significant extent in a more organised manner.

There is no major industrial set up in the town. Few toffee industries, oil mills,

sugarcane mills etc. present in Gaya are also degenerating.

Gaya is mainly dependent on small scale and household industries which include

powerloom/handloom, non scented aggarbatti, tilkut, building material‐stone

and window grill, wooden furniture material, clay pieces, railway sleepers and

stone crushers etc.

The shortage in supply of electricity, increasing cost of alternative fuel, and

other infrastructure like transportation, narrow roads etc. have its adverse

impact on the growth of industries.

There is need for diversification of economy into technology based industries.

Gaya has huge potential for agro‐ based industries because of large production

of wheat, rice and sugarcane, etc. in hinterland.

The agro climatic condition of the district is quite suitable for dairy

development, livestock and poultry farming activities. The traditional occupation


| Economy 4‐7

in this area has been the rearing of milch cattle which can be further enhanced

by developing related industries viz. milk processing plants.

The town has many economic activity related to tourism and religion like

hospitality industry, incense stick, candles, idols, gammcha, silk scarf etc. which

are having market outside state also. But due to the lack of orgaised marketing

initiatives middle men takes the advantage of it.

Some of the artisans in Gaya are engaged in hand embroidery, stone artware

and wood inlay. Not many people are engaged in these activities and further

better quality, variety and comparatively cheaper goods are available in other

places.

4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

The agro climatic condition of the district is quite suitable for dairy development,

livestock and poultry farming activities. Thus dairy promotion and product

processing units should be promoted to bring diversification in economy to

generate gainful employment.

New and modern techniques should be introduced in hand embroidery, stone art

ware and wood inlay to revive its market and produce quality product to

compete with market.

Modern communication facilities like internet and e‐marketing should be made

available and common facility centers and R& D Centers should be developed for

household industries to tap the market opportunities.

Industrial promotion zone to be developed at appropriate sites to promote

household industries.

Government should take initiative to increase the manufacturing activities which

are few at present like oil mill, sugar mill etc.

Organised commercial areas (commercial complexes) should be developed in a

decentralized manner to decongest the busy streets. This will also meet the

higher order commercial needs of the town as a well as its hinterland.

Organised spaces should be developed for informal shops especially for weekly

market and vegetable vendors.

Promotion of religious tourism due to presence of number of historical temples,

religious sites to support the local economy.

Private Participation should be promoted in developing commercial and

industrial areas.

4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS

It is proposed that existing municipal markets of the old city will be renovated on

priority in Phase‐I. Other than this, industrial sheds are required to enhance household

and small scale industries of the city. 250 industrial sheds, having 50 sq. mts. each, are


| Economy 4‐8

proposed under this project. In addition to these projects; 4 commercial complexes, 5

areas as platforms for weekly market, etc will be developed, details of which are shown

in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economy of Gaya

S.No. Identified Projects

Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Renovation of existing municipal markets 3 2 ‐

2

Construction of Industrial Sheds / Promotion

Zone to accommodate 250 household and

small scale Units/ industries with storage 250 ‐ ‐

3 Construction of market complexes/

household shelters 150 ‐

4 Shopping / Commercial Complex 2 2 ‐

5

Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable

Market 2 3 ‐

6 Dairy promotion and product processing units 1 1 ‐


| Physical Planning & Growth Management i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT ...................................... 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN .................................................................................. 5‐1 5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS .................................................................................. 5‐2 5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 5‐3 5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use ................................................................................................ 5‐3 5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS ................................................................................. 5‐5 5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027 ................................................................ 5‐5 5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES ......................................................................... 5‐6

List of Tables Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001 ...... 5‐3 Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001 ............................................................ 5‐3 Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya ....................................................................... 5‐6

List of Figures

Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001 ......................................................... 5‐4


| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐1

5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH

MANAGEMENT

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Land and its use form the base of any development. Land is the most crucial economic

tool for planned development of the urban areas and achievement of social objectives

through its judicious allocation for future use.

5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN

The Gaya kshetra was spread along Falgu River. The town rose during the period of

1657 to 1707 AD when Saharchand choudhry, a converted noblemen received a royal

grant of 4000 bighas of land here, he than invited Gaya‐Baal priests to settle in his jagir.

Soon Gaya began to take shape with the erection of their fortifications‐ remnants of

which exist even today (on the rocky eminence of the Vishnupada giri). This period was

the decline of the mughal power that encouraged Queen Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore to

construct the famous Vishnupad Temple here.

Eastern India now came under British sway. During that period in 1825 Gaya had

become the head quarter of residual district. Further growth took place, old Gaya

existed (which was called as Andar Gaya) and collectorate and british bunglows were

constructed adjoining the old Gaya towards north and beyond it there were grid iron

development of Sahebgunj containing the jail and pilgrim hospital. To the south west,

stood the maidan and another but smaller group of british bunglows. This town scape

was gradually embellished with a number of public institutions (eg. The Zila, Sahebgunj

high schools, the halliday public library and the Lady Elgin women’s infectious diseases

and veterinary hospitals and a wooden road bridge were constructed across Falgu River.

Mean while an epoch marking development had come up with the completion of the

rail link with Patna in 1876 AD. The railway station added, after the Vishnupada temple

and collectorate complexes, the third and the most important nucleus of growth which

was further strengthened with the completion of rail links with Kiul in 1895, Mogul sarai

in 1906 and the development of the railway district offices and colony to the west of

the Halliday Public Library and in the ribbon land along the rail track.

Gaya at the dawn of the century showed the striking impact of the railway station

nucleus on the Saheb gunj area. It had consolidated as the trading quarter principally



inhabited by businessmen of all classes, merchants, traders, artisans, money lenders,

and professional men.

The fringe land to the north and west of the railway station and Manpur had also come

under the spell of haphazard development due to cheaper land values.

Andar Gaya still clung to its old trait but the maidan had emerged into sharper focus

with the consolidation of officials living in a more compact area round the initial nucleus

and the construction of new jail, police lines, cemetery, church, race course and golf

links as well as a number of Tekari raj offices and bunglows around it.

Notable developments were the growth of a number of rice, oil and pulse mills in the

north‐western part of the town during 20’s and the removal of the railway district

offices to Dinapur near patna‐ the state capital since 1912. The 30’s saw the entry of an

extremely erratic electric power supply, the replacement of the wooden bridge on the

Falgu by a narrow bridge, the establishment of the agricultural school, sheep breeding

farm, aerodrome and the Gaya cotton mills in the northern outskirts.

The town‐region functioned as a major air base during the time of 2nd world war in

1939 and a sizeable military cantonment grew up on the rocky flanks of the brahmayoni

hills. The first college, the Gaya College, had also come up before 1945.

A considerable amount of public sector expansion such as the D.V.C colony, Gaya town

rural block development office and quarters, state electricity board and central food

godowns, diesel loco shed and railway housing etc has occurred in the extreme west.

Engineering school in the extreme south and Manpur rural development block office

and quarters etc have further supported the expansion of the town. The establishment

of the Magadh University along the Dhobi road at Bodh Gaya was another major

development of that time.

The town frame and the major land‐uses had thus already become fixed by the time

Gaya entered the post independence period, the highlights of which are private

education institution and small service & other industries.

5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS

Gaya is doted by number of hills, the Ramshila hill on the north, Katari hill on the west,

and Brahmyoni on the south of the city, is rugged with ravines and rocks. River Falgu

flows on the eastern side of the city. After independence the town experienced a faster

growth. New colonies such as police lines and railway quarters were developed in a

planned manner. The south‐west part of the city has largely developed as

institutional/residential low density area. Major portion of the city is on the western

side of Falgu River and a smaller portion of the city has been grown along eastern bank



of Falgu River. Because Gaya is a district head quarter and its strategic location has

tendency of growing as commercial centre, it has resulted in increased pressure of

commercial activities in the old city. Thus town had started spreading along all major

spines of the town. The town has spread almost in all directions especially along

Jahanabad‐Patna road, Sherghati road, Nawada Road and Gaya‐Dobi road. National

Highways and State Highways like NH‐82, NH‐83, SH‐4, SH‐7 and SH‐70 passes through

the city.

5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS

Gaya Municipal Corporation presently spread over an area of 50.17sq.km. Out of the

total area of Gaya Municipal Corporation only 33.2 % of area is developed and

remaining is either undeveloped or under natural features. The vacant land is mainly

located in the south, south‐west and in north on the eastern bank of Falgu River. Details

of developed and undeveloped area of GMC are given below in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001

Broad Land‐Use Category Area in Sq Km Area in Percentage

Municipal Area 50.17 100

Developed Area 16.64 33.2

Undeveloped Area 33.53 66.8

Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027

5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use

Table 5.2 shows the breakup of land‐use pattern in GMC. As per Draft Master Plan

2027, out of the total developed area (1664 Ha) a large portion of land is under

residential land use i.e. 70%, followed by 10% transportation, 8% public and semi‐

public, 4% Industrial, 2% commercial and 6% parks, recreational and open spaces.

Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001

Land‐ Use Categories Area in Hectares % Area of GMC

Residential 1170 23.3

Commercial 36 0.7

Industrial 59 1.2

Public / Semi Public 127 2.5

Transportation 164 3.3

Parks/ Open spaces 108 2.2

Agricultural & Vacant land 2699 53.8

Water Bodies (Incld. River) 356 7.1

Hills 298 5.9

Total 5017 100.0

(Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027)



Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001

Residential Use

Out of the total GMC area, 23.3% (1170 ha) was under residential land use in 2001.

According to the UDPFI guidelines, 40‐45% of the area should be under residential land

use. Most of the residential development is concentrated in central part of Gaya and

along the major roads of the city. Thus for optimal distribution of landuse more areas

need to be put under residential use in a planner manner.

Commercial use

Around 0.7% (36 ha) of total GMC area are under commercial use, which is inadequate

as recommended under UDPFI Guidelines (3‐4 % of the total land should be under

commercial use). Commercial activities are mainly concentrated along the major roads

of the city and in the form of informal activities spread over the city.

Industrial use

In 2001, 1.2% (59 Ha) area was under industrial use. The city has a number of

household industries located in old part and Manpur. There is no industrial estate set

up in Gaya.

Public Semi Public

127 Ha (2.5%) area of the city is covered under public‐semi‐public uses which are

inadequate as per planning standards.

Roads and Transportation

About 164 Ha areas which are around 3.3% area of the city is covered under roads and

transportation. As per UDPFI guidelines, circulation should be 12‐14%, which is

presently inadequate. The roads of the city except all highways and major roads have

widths varying between 3.5 to 15.0 mts. There are also encroachments on the roads.

Further there is lack of transport infrastructure such as truck terminal, bus stand etc.



Water bodies

Around 654 ha of land i.e. 13% is under water bodies. Water bodies need to be

conserved as Gaya is a drought prone area.

Recreational

108 ha (2.2%) area was under recreational uses like parks and open spaces which is

much lesser than recommended 18‐20% of the city area as per UDPFI guidelines.

Agricultural and Vacant Land

Till 2001, 53.8% (2699 Ha) is under agriculture and vacant land which can be used for

future expansion of the Gaya city and optiminal distribution of landuse.

5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS

The first Master Plan has been prepared for the city in 1965 for duration of 25 years i.e.

for period of (1965‐1991). But, the town has been growing organically, only few areas

have witnessed planned development. Further the Master Plan has been revised for the

vision year 2027.

5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027

Master Plan has been prepared with an aim to fulfill eight identified goals to achieve

the vision for the city. Identified goals In Master Plan 2027 are as follows:

1. To promote and provide for sustainable development of Gaya enabling it to

accomdate the needs of existing and future and also functionality as a regional

development centre;

2. To promote social inclusion and to facilitate equality of access to health,

education and social and cultural activities;

3. To preserve its cultural heritage and provide a high quality natural and built

environment and improved quality of life.

4. To promote balanced and sustainable economic development and employment

within the town also ensuring promotion of activities supporting tourism;

5. To develop and integrated transport strategy linked to landuse objectivies which

is equitable and sustainable.

6. To meet the need for housing for all sections by 2027

7. To provide balanced and equitable infrastructural development to improves the

quality of life in city.

To achieve identified goals and planned development of the town, Master Plan 2027,

has proposed the landuse distribution for Gaya. Developed area in 2001 was 1664 ha

and 4940 ha has been proposed to be developed till 2027. Existing GMC area is 5017 ha

whereas proposed is 5709 ha as per Master Plan 2027. Details of proposed landuse as

per Master Plan 2027 are given below in Table 5.3.



Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya

(Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)

It can be observed that, in addition to residential and commercial development,

sufficient space has been allocated to other landuses such as transportation,

recreational and public‐semi public which is grossly lacking at present.

Major proposals related to roads and transportation includes development of bypass to

ease the traffic on South Policeline Road, Riverside Road, Jail Road, Mangla Gauri Road,

Ander Gaya Road, Station Road and G.B.Road. Three sites for truck terminal have been

proposed on the jahanabad Road, Gaya Nawada Road and Bihar Shariff Road. Six new

bus terminals have been proposed on Fatehpur Road, Gaya Nawada Road, Bihar Shariff

Road, Jahanabad Road, Tikari Road, and one in the south west of the town. In addition

hierarchy of arterial, sub‐arterial and collector roads have been proposed. All of these

will add to huge area under transportation to support the future population.

1028 Ha area have been proposed under recreational use which will include

parks/gardens, green belt, open spaces, sports use and multifunctional open spaces etc.

Also 593 ha area is proposed to be developed as public semi‐public facilties including

government, semi government offices, education and health facilities, community

facilities, utilities and services etc.

5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES

Due to increasing congestion in the core areas of the city and decline in living standards,

suburban areas are tends to develop. Gaya has tendency to develop along the the

major spines especially in south and south‐west as substantial amount of land is

available in this direction inside Gaya Municipal Corporation limit. But presence of hills

and cantonement in the south‐west is the constraint for development.

SN Land use Area (Ha) % of Developed Area

1. Residential 2223 45

2. Commercial 198 4

3. Industrial 150 3

4. Public and Semi‐Public 593 12

5. Roads and Transportation 748 15

6. Recreational 1028 21

Total Developed Area 4940 100

7 Water Bodies (incl. river) 356

8 Orchard’s 116

9 Hills 298


| Water Supply i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6 WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................... 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply...................................................................................... 6‐1 6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source .................................................................................. 6‐2 6.3 COVERAGE ........................................................................................................... 6‐2 6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................. 6‐2 6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 6‐3 6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................ 6‐4 6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ........................................................................... 6‐5 6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS .............................................. 6‐5 6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 6‐6 6.10 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 6‐6 6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................. 6‐6 6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 6‐6 6.11.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 6‐7 6.12 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 6‐8

List of Tables

Table 6‐1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya ..................... 6‐2 Table 6‐2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001 ................................................. 6‐2 Table 6‐3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC .......................................................................... 6‐3 Table 6‐4: Details of Storage Infrastructure ..................................................................... 6‐4 Table 6‐5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water .............................................................. 6‐5 Table 6‐6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System .................. 6‐7 Table 6‐7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya ..................................... 6‐8 List of Maps

Map 6.1: Map showing Water Supply Infrastructure in Gaya


| Water Supply 6‐1

6 WATER SUPPLY

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The availability, adequacy and accessibility of urban services are important indicator to

assess the quality of life of the residents. Continuous growth of the city puts pressure

on infrastructure, particularly water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage, power,

road network etc. Unless infrastructure is improved to the required level, quality of life

suffers. Most importantly, it influences economic development of the city and

investment climate. Water is one of the important physical infrastructures which have

been discussed in this chapter.

Gaya is situated on the bank of River Falgu. Falgu

River is a rain fed river having no continuous

flow throughout the year and hence primary

source of water supply in Gaya town is ground

water.

Public Health Engineering Department (P.H.E.D) is responsible for planning, design and

construction of water works along with operation and maintenance of the water supply

system. Jal Parishad, Nagar Nigam Gaya is responsible for daily distribution for water

supply, provision of connections and tariff collection in Gaya city.

A detailed analysis has been done by consultants to study the service level of the

present water supply scheme and requirement of system to serve the population till

2030 by understanding the existing water supply system, present gap and future

requirement which has explained in subsequent sections.

6.2 EXISTING STATUS

6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply

Falgu River is a rain fed river having no perennial flow throughout the year except rainy

season. In Gaya the primary source of water supply is ground water. At present 40% of

water is supplied through piped water supply and rest are through hand pumps and

other sources. Presently water is supplied in Gaya town from 28 tube wells through a

distribution network of 70 km.



6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source

The ground water quality in Gaya is assessed to be average. The existence of fluoride

and iron can affect the quality of water in Gaya.

6.3 COVERAGE

40% of Gaya is served with water supply at present. Out of the total number of

households 40% are connected to individual piped connection. Areas which are mainly

covered for water supply by Jal Parishad are Dandhi bagh, Tulsi bagh, Updit raji

dawakhana, Fire station, Azad Park, Gurudwara, Nigam Store, Central school, Ramruchi,

Nai Godam, Godhi Ghar, Delha, Buniyad ganj, Manpur pul etc.

There is severe problem of water supply in city. Around 60% of the Gaya is not having

access to water and a large number of populations are dependent on community

connection and other sources. Above that, untreated ground water is being supplied

due to which various diseases are common in the town. Number of public hand pumps

and public stand posts installed in Gaya are shown in Table 6.1.

Table 6‐1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya

Description Quantity

Total number of public hand pumps 493

Total number of public stand posts 122

(Source: SPUR Cell)

Out of the total number of 493 public hand pumps present in Gaya city, 375 are

installed by Nagar Nigam and 118 are by PHED. Total numbers of public stand posts are

122 of which 61 are located in slums.

6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY

Total quantity of water supplied to the distribution system is 20 MLD per day. The total

number of households in Gaya was 52233 in the year 2001 out of which 41014

households (i.e. 78.52%) had water facility within the premises and 7394 households

(i.e. 14.15 %) had water supply facility near premises and rest of 7.33 % of household

are using water away from their residence. Most of the households are connected to

tap, hand pumps and tube wells as source of water.

Table 6‐2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001

S. No Source Within Premises Near Premises Away Total

1 Tap 12819 2136 947 15902

2 Hand Pump 25391 4411 1737 31539

3 Tube Wells 2103 96 69 2268

4 Wells 585 512 546 1643



S. No Source Within Premises Near Premises Away Total

5 Tank/Pond 14 15 1 30

6 River Canal 0 24 21 45

7 Springs 0 78 5 83

8 Any Others 102 12 499 613

Total 41014 7284 3825 52123

Source: Census of India, 2001

6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

There are 28 tube wells which are functional in the city and 7 are non‐Functional from

which water is being supplied. Table 6.3 shows the size and location of the tube‐wells

along with their discharge capacity.

Table 6‐3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC

Name of the Tube well Size Discharge

(Gallons per hr.) Year of

Installation Daily Hours of operation

Dandi bag‐1 16"*16" 70000 1986 4

Dandi bag‐2 16"*16" 50000 1986 4

Dandi bag‐3 16"*16" 50000 1986 4

Panchayti bagha Akhara‐1 16"*16" 20000 2000 4

Panchayti bagha Akhara‐2 16"*16" 15000 2006 4

Direct Pumping Station

Tulsibag 16"*16" 25000 1986 4

Ajad park 16"*16" 20000 1986 4

Dhobighat 16"*16" 10000 1999 4

Central school 8"*8" 10000 1986 5

Nigam store 12"*12" 10000 2000 4

Guru dwara 12"*12" 10000 1993 4

Fire station 12"*12" 10000 1993 4

New godam 16"*16" 5000 1998 4

Manpur 12"*12" 15000 1970 4

Buniyadiganj (Manpur) 12"*12" 20000 1970 10

kharkhus 12"*12" 12000 2000 4

Delha 14"*14" 8000 2000 4

Chouk 12"*12" 3000 1993 4

Janta coloney 8"*8" 3000 2000 4

Hospital 12"*12" 4000 2000 4

Marghamau ganj 16"*16" 3000 1998 4

(Source: SPUR Cell)

Over Head Tanks/ Reservoirs: There are 2 reservoirs and 2 water tower / tank in Gaya.

Details of storage infrastructure with capacity are given in Table 6.4.



Table 6‐4: Details of Storage Infrastructure

S. No. Name Height (m) Capacity (gallon)

1 Azad Park OHT 30 1,00,000

2 Murali Hill Tower 50 3,50,000

3 Mangal Gauri

Reservoir

Bramhyoni Hill (2 nos.) 150

700000 (350000 each)

Dandibag Hill (2 nos.) 1700000 (850000 each)

4 Ramshila(Reservoir) 40 50000

(Source: Jal Parishad, Gaya Nagar Nigam & Draft Master Plan 2027)

6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

Water is distributed through gravity from overhead reservoirs. Since Gaya is at a higher

altitude than the water source, initially this water is to be pumped to the overhead

reservoirs. This pumping has been consuming a huge power supply, thus increasing the

financial burden on the local body.

The length of the distribution network is 70 Km. Distribution pipe lines varying from 75

mm to 600 mm dia pipe. The distribution network is divided in to 5 zones based on

coverage of drinking water supply. The average hours of pressurized supply per day to

each zone are 4 hours by reservoirs and 8 hours by direct pumping. Areas covered

under each of the five zones are following:

1) No Source Zone : Mustafabagh, New Karimganj, Aliganj, Manpur, Lakhi

Bagh, A.P.Colony, Badbeegha and Kedua

2) New Colonies : On Hill Nazat Academy to Bangali Negha, Ghewal Bigha to

Batha Akhada, and South Police Line Road.



3) Slum Area : (42 Slums) Saleempur, Gandhi Nagar

4) Covered Area : Nawada Road up to Block, up to Kukra

5) Low Pressure Area : Nauagadi, Nadrag Ganj, K.P. Road, Ramana,

Pitamaheshwar, Nagra ganj, Tekari Road.

6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

Presently there is no water treatment plant available in the city. Water from

underground surface is pumped to water (Map 6.1). Bleaching powder is used as a

disinfectant for water purification. There is no conventional treatment plant for

treatment of water. Water supplied directly from ground.

6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS

At present water is supplied at 40‐50 lpcd which is less than the desired minimum

standard for cities. According to the UDPFI guidelines, the desirable amount is about

135 liters /capita /day for cities. Therefore, infrastructure shall be planned to fulfil the

requirement at the rate of 135 lpcd.

According to the CPHEEO Guidelines, 135 liters /capita /day are required for the cities

with piped water and where sewerage system is existed. Since the sewerage system will

be laid in the city in near future, water demand of the city is assumed as 135 liters

/capita/ day.

To meet the current demand to serve the population of 463730 persons, 46.37 MLD

water is required at the rate of 100 lpcd. Since, the City has present supply of 20 MLD,

there is gap of 26.37 MLD in water supply (Table 6.7). In the future, water demand will

further increase with the increase in the population. To serve the population of 703250

persons till the year 2030, 94.93 MLD water will be required to supply. Thus additional

supply of 74.93 MLD is required by the year 2030.

Table 6‐5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water

Year Estimated

population

Water Demand

(MLD)

Availability

(MLD)

Deficit

(MLD)

2011 463730 46.37 @100 LPCD 20.00 26.37

2021 576746 77.86 @135 LPCD ‐ 57.86

2031 703250 94.93 @135 LPCD ‐ 74.93



6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weakness

Physiographic characteristics of the city

support the gravity flow of water

during distribution.

Topography of the town supports to do

rain water harvesting.

Gaya is located on Falgu river which is non‐

perennial rain fed river, hence cannot be

used for water supply

Distribution system is very old and need

replacement and renovation

Low efficiency of tariff collection

Opportunity Threats

Easy availability of funds from various

funding agencies including State and

Central Govt. grants under various

schemes.

Continuous depletion of ground water

Deteriorating quality of ground water

Absence of perennial source of water


Absence of perennial source of water and dependency on ground water.

40% coverage of water supply in city.

Limited water supply duration (4 Hrs by reservoirs and 8 Hrs by Direct Pumping).

Distribution network is very old, thus leading to high losses and contamination

of the water.

No treatment of water before supply. Only bleaching power is being used as

disinfectant.

Number of illegal municipal connections.

Inefficient collection of user charges.

No metered connections.

Inadequate staff (Only 10 % out of sanctioned staff).

6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals

“To provide the consumer an equitable, adequate and sustainable water supply”

To achieve the vision, certain goals have been set which has been shown in Table 6.6.

The whole city including slum areas will be covered with water supply network with the

rate of 100 lpcd by the year 2016. Provision of safe drinking water with 24x7, 135lpcd is

targeted to achieve till year 2021.



Table 6‐6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System

S.N. Indicators Benchmark

Present

Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals

Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

1 Coverage of Water Supply

Connections 100% 40‐45% 100%

‐ ‐

2 Per capita availability of

water at consumer end 135 LPCD 40 LPCD 100 LPCD 135 LPCD 135 LPCD

3 Extent of metering of

water connections 100% 0% 40 % 80% 100%

4 Extent of non revenue

water 20% 30‐40% 25% 20%

‐

5 Continuity of Water Supply 24 hrs 4‐ 8 hrs 16 ‐20

hrs

24 hrs ‐

6 Quality of Water Supplied 100% 70‐80 % 90 % 100% ‐

7 Efficiency in redressed of

customer complaints 80% 50 % 65 % 80%

8 Cost recovery in water

supply services 100% 40% 60% 80% 100%

9

Efficiency in collection of

water supply related

charges

90% 40% 70 %

6.11.2 Development Strategies

Strengthening of the existing system which is in dilapidated condition.

A comprehensive water supply augmentation scheme with detailed engineering

design shall be proposed with all required components including treatment of

water, construction of reservoirs, water tanks, pumping stations and distribution

system.

Ground water recharging through rain water harvesting, conserving water

bodies and controlling ground water extraction.

100% network coverage in the Phase‐I and the future geographical expansion of

the city will be covered in Phase‐II.

Water is targeted to be supplied @ 100 lpcd in Phase‐I and 135 lpcd will be

achieved in Phase‐II.

Efforts should be made to reduce water losses in transmission and distribution.

The contingency provision of 15‐20% to be made in account for the losses. New

system once installed will be with minimum transmission losses.

Recycling of treated waste water with separate lines for potable water and

recycled water for non drinking purposes in big hotels, industrial units, air

conditioning of large buildings, and irrigation of parks/green areas. For this, dual

pipe supply system shall be introduced.



All non‐residential buildings having a discharge of over 10,000 litres a day should

incorporate waste water recycling.

Non revenue water will be brought down to zero percent in phases through

provision of 100% metered pipe connection and removal of public stand posts.

O & M cost will be recovered through water charges and connection charges.


Projects have been identified to be implemented phase wise to achieve the goals and

vision of equitable, adequate and sustainable water supply. Detailed projects identified

are presented in Table 6.7.

Table 6-7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya

S. No.

Identified Projects

Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

Qty Qty Qty

1 Main W/S pipeline 10 km

2 Distribution W/S pipeline 58 km 20 km

3

Construction of underground tank, pump

house with 6 no. of pump sets (Raw

Water) 1

4 Filtration / treatment works 100 MLD LS

4

Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity

each) (for treated water) 3 1

5 Pumps and pumping station LS LS

7 Underground reservoirs 2 1

9 O & M, Contingency Charges LS LS


| Sanitation & Sewerage i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ......................................................................... 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ........................................................................................... 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ............................................................................ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS .................................................................................................... 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS .............................................. 7‐2 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 7‐2 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 7‐3 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES ............................................... 7‐3 7.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 7‐3 7.9.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 7‐4 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 7‐4

List of Tables

Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation ............................ 7‐3 Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya ........................................... 7‐4


| Sanitation & Sewerage 7‐1

7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Sanitation is important to have healthy and hygienic conditions in the town. Sanitation

is means of hygiene reflecting the quality of life of residents of any town. Sewerage, the

core element of physical infrastructure, determines the environmental status of any

settlement. Development of appropriate sewerage system with efficient treatment acts

as a prerequisite for facilitating balanced and harmonized development. Augmentation

of existing systems/ treatment facilities as well as adoption of new technologies of

waste treatment is now being focused to cover its total population under sewerage

network system.

7.2 EXISTING STATUS

At present there is lack of sanitation facilities in Gaya and no organised underground

sewerage system exists. In absence of sewerage system, waste water generated from

the households flows through open and closed drains and finally emptying into Falgu

River. Mixing of untreated waste water with storm water in drains allows drains to

overflow and emptying into river creating unhygienic conditions.

As per standard norms, waste water generated is 80% of the water supply. With this

approximately 37.1 MLD of waste water is generated per day in Gaya city.

7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS

As per latest information collected from SPUR in 2010, out of the total 54224

households, 40% of the households have access to septic tank type of sanitary toilets.

Rest of the households are having insanitary toilets, using community toilets or

defecating in open.

Further as per Census 2001, 55% of the households were having water closets (sanitary

latrines), 27% were having insanitary latrines (pit & other latrines) and 18% were not

having latrines.

Thus above mentioned status of access to toilets in 2001 and 2010 shows that,

sanitation condition got deteriorated in Gaya city from 2001 to 2010 showing that a

special attention has to be given to improve the health and hygiene by improving

sanitation in city.



7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

As mentioned earlier also, in absence of organised underground sewerage system,

waste water from households flows into open and closed drains of the town and finally

emptying into Falgu River. As per Census 2001, 88% of households were having access

to drains for waste water outlet of which 50% were connected to open drains and 38%

to closed drain. 12% of the households were not having access to drains and hence their

waste water was flowing outside on roads and in open spaces.

7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS

Public toilets are important to be provided on public places like commercial areas, near

government offices, bus stand etc. As per data provided by SPUR Cell, there are 5

public conveniences in Gaya in addition to 5 in slums which is less as compared to size

of the town.

7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS

As per CPEEHO manual, sewage generated is considered to be 80% of the water supply.

Thus the estimated population of 463730 of 2011 will generate 37.1 MLD of sewage

whereas the projected population of 703250 for 2030 will generate 75.95 MLD of

sewage. Thus there is an urgent need of provision of 100% sanitary toilets and

development of organised underground sewerage system to maintain health and

hygiene.

7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weakness

Increasing awareness among the people of using the sanitary type of latrine (septic tank type)

Topography of town supports the natural flow of sewerage in most of the parts of the city. And hence laying of sewerage lines will be cheaper and easier.

Lack of individual and community toilets.

Absence of sewerage system Connection of waste water outlet into

drains creates unhygienic condition

Opportunities Threats

Easy availability of funds from various funding agency including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.

Open defecation along open drains, water bodies and Falgu River.

Intermixing of waste water with storm water

Flowing of untreated waste water into Falgu.




Lack of sanitation facility in individual households as well as community toilets in

city leads to open defecation along open drains, water bodies and Falgu River

causing pollution.

As per data provided by SPUR in 2010, only 40% of households have access to

sanitary toilets.

No existing sewerage system

Household waste water flows into open and closed drains and finally enters into

Falgu River.

As per Census 2001, 12% of households were not even having access to drains

for their waste water outlet.

Intermixing of storm water and waste water into drains creates unhealthy

condition.

There is no provision of collection and treatment of waste water before entering

into the river because of which untreated waste enters into Falgu River.

7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES


“To provide the city affordable and sustainable sanitation and

sewerage system to reach one and all to make city free from open

defecation and to provide healthy environment.”

To achieve the vision goals have been set which have been detailed in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation

S.No. Indicators Benchmark

Present

Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III (2021‐30)

1 Coverage of Toilets 100% 40% 100% ‐ ‐

2 Coverage of Sewerage Network Services

100% 0% 100% ‐ ‐

3 Collection Efficiency of Sewerage Network

100% ‐ 100% ‐ ‐

4 Adequacy of Sewage Treatment Capacity

100% ‐ 100% ‐ ‐

5 Quality of sewage treatment 100% ‐ ‐ ‐

6 Extent of reuse and recycling of sewage

20% ‐ 10% 10% ‐

7 Efficiency in redressed of customer complaints

80% ‐ 40% 80% 100%

8 Extent of cost recovery in sewage management

100% ‐ 40% 80% 100%

9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage charges

90% ‐ 40% 80% 100%




Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets would be adopted to

eradicate open defecation.

A comprehensive sewerage network shall be laid as long term strategy. 100%

network coverage will be achieved in the Phase‐I (presently developed areas)

and future geographical expansion of the town will be covered under Phase‐II.

As a short term strategy, wastewater treatment plant should be installed on

major drain at suitable location wherein all other drains will also be connected

before emptying into Falgu River.

Considering the sizeable number of different types of non‐compatible toilets

existing in Gaya, there will be provisions of community toilet blocks particularly

in slums and EWS housing areas connected to sewerage system.

Access to sewerage network to all the households, community and public toilet

blocks will be ensured to avoid flowing of waste into open drains.

The sewerage network proposed will be a comprehensive system which will

ensure that all wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.

For effective service delivery, the system will function in a decentralised manner

and also for ease of operation and maintenance.

Effort will be made to encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP

arrangements.

Community toilets shall be maintained through community participation

Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water

supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimize the benefits including recycling and

reuse of water.

All non‐residential buildings having a discharge of over 10,000 litres a day should

incorporate waste water recycling.


Detailed projects have been identified for phase wise development to achieve the set

goals and vision of healthy environment presented in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya

S.N. Identified Projects

Phase‐I(2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III(2021‐30)

Qty Qty Qty

1 Main Pipe line installation 20km

2 Secondary & Collector line 102km 26 km

3 Construction of treatment plant of 80 MLD (2 nos., 40 MLD each)

1 No. (40 MLD)

1 No. (40 MLD)

4 Community Toilets 5 5

5 Public Toilets 10 5


| Drainage i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8 DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................... 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN .................................................................................. 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................. 8‐1 8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................. 8‐2 8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS ................................................. 8‐3 8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS .............................................................. 8‐3 8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 8‐4 8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS ................................................................................ 8‐4 8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ........................................................... 8‐5 8.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 8‐5 8.9.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 8‐5 8.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 8‐6

List of Tables

Table 8.1:Types of Drains ................................................................................................. 8‐1 Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City ................................................................................ 8‐2 Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya ................................. 8‐2 Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains ......................... 8‐5 Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya ............................................. 8‐6

List of Figures

Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water ................................ 8‐4


| Drainage 8‐1

8 DRAINAGE

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and requires for flow of

storm water. Since urban expansion is inevitable, increased run‐off would require

remodeling of the existing drains as well as provision of new/supplementary drains.

Provision of drainage system in city requires special attention.

8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN

Gaya city is dotted with hills on three sides viz. eastern, northern and southern.

Ramshila hill is located in the northern side of city. Southern part of the city covered

huge area under Brahmyoni and Mangla Gauri hills. Eastern part of the city also has

small hill ranges. Apart from these hills, Pretshila hill is located in north‐east of the city.

The slope of the city is towards river Falgu and slope of all spotted hills are towards city

areas and River Falgu. Central city area is almost plain and above the level of River

Falgu. The eastern part of city (Manpur) has undulating terrain. The slope of river is

towards north.

8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM

About 40% of the existing road network of the city is covered with 60 km of drainage

network including both pucca and kutcha drains. Drainage network has been laid mostly

along all major roads in the form of open and covered drains. Details of various

classifications of drains are shown in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1:Types of Drains

Drain Type Length (Km)

Pucca Drain (Closed and Open) 46

Kutcha Drains 14

Primary Drains 23

Total length of Drains 60 (Source‐ SPUR Cell)

It can be observed that, around 60% of the area is devoid of

drainage system in Gaya. Approx. 77% of the total drains are

pucca drains. 23 kms of the total drainage network are primary

drains supposed to collect all the storm water of the town from

secondary and tertiary drains. But in absence of clear hierarchy


| Drainage 8‐2

of drains in town there are numbers of secondary and tertiary drains directly disposing

off into river.

There are six major drains collecting the storm water of the Gaya city. Lengths of major

drains/nallahs of city are shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City

Major Drains Length in Km

Kujapi Nallah 3.5

Karimgani Nallah 1

Katari Hill Road Nallah 1.5

Nallah discharging in the south of the town into Falgu River 5.2

Mansarv Nallah 2

Mashanghat Nallah 1.5

TOTAL 14.7 (Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027)

8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Drainage network of Gaya is divided into two zones eastern and

western zones. These zones are divided by the collectorate. The

western zone is bounded by the road west to collectorate and

the areas on the eastern side of the collectorate and the dighi

tank road forms the part of eastern zone. There are around 72

open and 18 underground drains in the town. The drainage

system of Gaya is such that most of the water collected from

various drains gets discharged into Falgu River especially from

eastern zone. Few of the drains are disposed off into Kandi

Nawada and Kujapi Nallah in the west of Gaya and few are

disposed into open low lying areas.

The list of open & closed drains are given in Annexure I. The major nallah flowing in

eastern and western zone of the town with their area coverage and disposal point are

presented in Table 8.3.

Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya

Zone Name of the Nallah Area Covered Discharge Point

Western Zone

Nallah around gandhi maidan, Swarajpuri Road Nallah, Masjid Road Nallah, Railway cinema Road Nallah, Payeen Nallah, south police Road nallah, Station Road Nallah, KP Road Nallah, Dhobi Road Nallah.

Ghewal Bigha, Police Line, Purani Godown, Makhlout Ganj, Kathokar around the Gandhi Maidan, Mohan Nagar

At south police side of Gandhi Maidan

Karimgunj Nallah White house, Anuragpuri colony, Shastri


| Drainage 8‐3

Zone Name of the Nallah Area Covered Discharge Point

nagar, Mustafa bad, chanakya puri

Katari hill Road Nallah Ashok Nagar, Bht Bigha, housing colony, Imalya chowk, shiv puri colony

Eastern Zone

Nallah in the south into Falgu River Kathokar, Bari Road, Durga bari Ramana, and Bajaj Road

Falgu River

Khawa Nallah South chand chourah Narayan Chowk

Mansarva Nallah Mangla Gauri, Brahmsat Nallah, Dakhin Darwaza and east of Bodh gaya Road

Falgu River

Mashanghat Nallah (Branch of Mansarv Nallah)

Khawa Nallah, Karsilli peher and vishnupad area

Falgu River

Nadraganj Nallah Nutan nagar, Jai prakash nagar, Bisar, Nawagarhi, and Nadar ganj

Falgu River

(Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)

8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS

Flooding occurs in all the low lying areas near Falgu River in wards 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24,

36 etc. Areas lying north of Dobhi road nala and north of central jail have no drainage

system and remains water logged. Gandhi Maidan to Kujapi nallah remains water

logged in rainy season. Further colonies on northern and southern areas such as

Manpur, Ghungadi Tad and Kumar colony have no drainage.

Thus absence of drainage system in substantial amount of area causes water logging

and water stagnation is a serious issue. In addition to that drain over flows due to

silting, solid waste disposal, clogging and encroachment by shopkeepers adds to the

problem of water logging.

8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS

As per the Household Census of India 2001, in Gaya Municipal Corporation 88% of

household were having accessibility to waste water outlet into drains of which 57% are

connected to open drains and 43% were connected to closed drains. 12% of household

were not having accessibility to drains.


| Drainage 8‐4

Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water

8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weakness

Most of the parts of Gaya have natural slope towards Falgu River. Thus allows easy flow of storm water in city.

Inadequate coverage and capacity of drains

Drains are clogged with garbage.

Water logging and flooding in number of wards.


Easy availability of funds from various funding agencies including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.

Intermixing of untreated waste water along with storm water causes pollution and tends to spread infectious disease.

Open defecation along the open drains, nallahs and Falgu River cause unhygienic condition.

Untreated waste water falling into Falgu River.

8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Intermixing of storm water and waste water and finally entering into Falgu River

without treatment.

Inadequate coverage of drains. Only 40% of city is covered with drainage facility.

Water logging and flooding in low lying areas such as ward 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24

and 36.

Silting and clogging of drains due to uncontrolled solid waste dumping into it.

Encroachment on nallahs, water bodies and blocking of natural drainage

channels is a cause of concern.

Falgu river have turned into nallahs and have become polluted.

Open defecation along open drains/nallahs and river causes unhygienic

conditions in town.


| Drainage 8‐5

8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES


“To develop an effective and comprehensive drainage network

covering the entire city to prevent flooding and inundation.”

To achieve the vision for the drainage system of the town, certain goals have been set.

Phase wise goals set for various indicators showing the drainage system of the town

have been detailed in Table 8.4

Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains

S.N. Indicators BenchmarkPresent Status (2010‐2011)

Goals

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


1

Coverage of storm water drainage network

100% 40% 100% (In developed

area)

100% for Future

Geographical Growth)

2

Incidence of water logging /flooding

0%

Water logging areas‐ wards 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24 and 36 and other

areas along Falgu River

100% Controlled

‐


Repairing and strengthening of existing drains.

To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains will avoid

silting and blockage of drains due to waste dumping into open drains and open

defecation along drains.

100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity in the first

phase (presently developed area) and future geographical expansion of the

town will be covered under phase‐II.

Water logging especially in low lying areas will be taken area on priority.

Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water

supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimize the benefits including recycling and

reuse of water.

Installation of waste treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid emptying the

untreated waste water into river as a short term measure.


| Drainage 8‐6


To achieve the set goals and to fulfil the vision, detailed projects have been identified to

improve the drainage system of the Gaya city are presented in Table 8.5.

Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya

S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


Qty Qty Qty

1 Strengthening of existing drains 46 kms

2 Construction of Main Drain 30 kms

3 Secondary and Tertiary Drains 180 kms 40 kms

4 Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant of 10 MLD capacity each

2 1


| Solid Waste Management i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ...................................................... 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste ................................................................ 9‐2 9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP ................................................................................. 9‐2 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 9‐2 9.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 9‐3 9.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................. 9‐3 9.6.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 9‐3 9.6.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 9‐4 9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED .......................................................................................... 9‐5

List of Tables

Table 9‐1:Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC ................................................ 9‐2 Table 9‐2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management .............. 9‐3 Table 9‐3: Identified Projects for SWM ............................................................................ 9‐5


| Solid Waste Management 9‐1

9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Solid Waste Management is an important aspect to be taken care for creating health

and hygienic conditions in city. Spreading of waste here and there all around the city

creates filthy situation and reflects poor picture of the city. Thus it is important to

organize the various aspects collection, transportation and disposal of waste to make

the city clean. This chapter explains the existing solid waste management system, issues

and findings, future requirements, strategies to fulfill the future requirements and

projects identified to improve the solid waste management.

9.2 EXISTING STATUS

9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected

As per latest information collected from SPUR Cell, the waste collected per day in Gaya

is 250 MT/day and efficiency of waste collection is 90%, with which the waste

generation works out to be 275 MT/day. Estimated population for Gaya city in 2011 is

463730, with which the waste generation works out to be 0.59 kg/capita/day. Whereas

as per CPEEHO Manual, for size of city like Gaya, the waste generation estimated is 0.3‐

0.4 kg/capita/day.

As the waste generation estimated by SPUR Cell is higher, therefore, for planning

purposes the waste generation is estimated as per 0.59kg/capita/day. Thus for the

target year 2030, with projected population of 703250, the waste generation works out

to be 415 MT/day.

Waste Collection System and Infrastructure

As per SPUR, presently 25% of the waste is being

collected from households; rest of the waste is either

being collected from dustbins or from street sweeping

by which 10% of the waste remains uncollected and

spreads here and there around the city. Again only 20%

of the waste collected is being segregated that is

mainly being done by rag pickers. Presently 230 dustbins are present in Gaya city and

waste is being collected by 240 Sweepers. For solid waste management of 7 wards and

16 major streets of Gaya, the contract has been given to Ramky Infrastructure and rest

of the 46 wards has been taken care by Gaya Municipal Corporation themselves.



9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste

Collected waste is being transported with the help of the

vehicles available in city and being disposed off in any

vacant land. There is no sanitary disposal system in place.

As per information provided by SPUR, sanitary landfill site

has been identified at Panchvati Akhada of 5 acres and at

Naili of 23 acres. Details of the vehicles present in Gaya, for

transportation of waste is shown in Table 9.1.

Table 9‐1:Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC

S. N. Vehicle Available for SWM Quantity in Numbers Capacity

1 Hand Trolley 106 30 kg

2 Hand Rickshaw 53 25kg

3 Tractor 4 2800 kg

4 Dumper 4 200 monn

5 Loader 3 40 cft

6 Small Loader 1 30 cft

7 Tempo 17 25 cft

8 Concovex 3 2000 ltr.

9 Foggier 4 5 ltr/1/2 hr

10 Desert Machine 2 7.5 hp & 5 hp

11 Tanker 6 2500 ltr

12 Roller 1 5 ton

Total 204 (Source: SPUR Cell)

9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP

As mentioned in earlier section, estimated population for Gaya city in 2011 is 463730

and the waste generation is 0.59kg/capita/day as per information collected from SPUR.

Whereas as per CPEEHO Manual, for size of city like Gaya, the waste generation

estimated is 0.3‐0.4kg/capita/day.

As the waste generation estimated by SPUR Cell is higher, therefore, for planning

purposes the quantity of waste generated is calculated as per 0.59kg/capita/day. Thus

for the target year 2030, with projected population of 703250, the waste generation

works out to be 415MT/day.

9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weakness

Availability of land for development of scientific solid waste disposal site.

Private sector involvement exists for

Partial door to door collection 20% waste is being segregated mainly

by rag pickers.



Solid waste management in few wards and major roads.

Inefficient collection and transportation of waste

Dumping of solid waste on available open spaces.


Easy availability of funds from various funding agencies including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.

Absence of scientific disposal of waste Absence of scientific disposal and

segregation of biomedical waste.


At present partial door to door collection is in place.

Partial secondary collection of waste, due to which waste gets spread here and

there in city creating filthy condition.

Dumping of waste on road sides, drains and river chokes the drains and pollute

the Falgu River.

Only 20% of the waste is being segregated which mainly includes the waste

collected by scavengers.

Lack of waste management infrastructure like number of dustbins, transfer

stations and transportation facilities.

Dumping of waste on vacant lands.

Absence of scientific disposal of biomedical waste

Absence of technology for scientific disposal such as sanitary landfill site for

disposal of solid waste.



“To achieve environment friendly and scientific waste

management practices.”

To achieve the vision, certain goals have been set to streamline the implementation of

waste management practices which are shown in Table 9.2.

Table 9‐2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management


Present

Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals

Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

1

Household level

coverage of SWM

services

100% 25% 100% 100% 100%

2 Efficiency of 100% 90% 100% 100% 100%




Present

Status

(2010‐2011)

Goals

Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

collection of solid

waste

3 Extent of segregation

of solid waste 100% 20% 100% 100% 100%

4 Extent of solid waste

recovered 80% 0%

5

Extent of scientific

disposal of solid

waste

100% 0% 100% 100% 100%

6

Efficiency in

redressed of

customer complaints

80% 90% ‐ ‐ ‐

7

Extent of cost

recovery in SWM

services

100% 0% 40% 80% 100%

8

Efficiency in

collection of user

charges

90% 10% 40% 80% 90%


Door to door collection should be practiced in entire town.

Local body should make sincere efforts to ensure 100% segregation at source.

Covered vehicles should be used for transportation of waste to avoid spreading

of waste while transferring.

Manual handling of waste should be reduced and adequate safety measures

shall be taken by sanitary workers.

Scientific disposal of waste shall be practiced like development of sanitary

landfill site shall be done on priority.

Waste to energy projects and compost plants are strongly recommended as

soon as the garbage reaches the threshold to support such projects on PPP

basis.

Entire SWM system shall be reorganized and adequate provisions have been

proposed to ensure best practices of collection, segregation, transportation and

scientific disposal are adopted for complete operation including cost recovery.

NGOs, environmental organizations should be involved to raise awareness of

better SWM practices right from collection to disposal.

IEC campaigns to be initiated for awareness among residents especially among

urban poor and slum dwellers towards better SWM Practices.



9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED

To achieve the goals set to improve the quality of life of the residents of Gaya, detailed

projects have been identified for improved solid waste management systems which are

detailed in Table 9.3

Table 9‐3: Identified Projects for SWM

S.N. Projects Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


1

Solid Waste Management

(Operational Cost from Collection

to Disposal)

‐ ‐ ‐

2 Vehicles and Equipments ‐ ‐ ‐

a) Community Bins 420 420 210

b)

Closed Trailers for Waste Storage

Depot 35 35 17

c)

Containers for domestic hazardous

waste 15 15 9

b) Containerized Handcarts 280 280 140

c) Containerized Tricycle 150 150 75

d) Seamless handcart for silt removal 181 181 92

e)

Asphalt/Concrete of Flooring at the

waste storage Depot 8 8 4

f) Dumper 3 3 2

g) Tractors/Trailers/Trippers 3 3 2

h) Small Van 4 4 2

i) Roller 2 1 1

j) Fogging Machine 2 2 2

k) Bulldozers 3 3 1

l) Loaders 2 2 2

m) Excavators 2 2 1

n) Compactors 3 3 1

o) Water Tankers 5 5 2

3 Landfill site development ‐ ‐ ‐

4 Miscellaneous ‐ ‐ ‐


| Roads and Transportation i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ................................................................. 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY .................................................................... 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY ...................................................... 10‐1 10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................. 10‐3 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 10‐3 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 10‐4 10.7 STREET LIGHTING ............................................................................................ 10‐4 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 10‐5 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 10‐5 10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................... 10‐6 10.10.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 10‐6 10.10.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 10‐6 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ..................................................................................... 10‐6 List of Tables Table 10‐1: Major Roads within the City ........................................................................ 10‐2 Table 10‐2: Surface Wise Road Length ........................................................................... 10‐2 Table 10‐3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation ............................ 10‐3 Table 10‐4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation ....................................... 10‐6

List of Maps

Map 10.1: Existing Roads & Transportation Infrastrcuture Map 10.2: Proposed Roads & Transportation Infrastructure


| Roads and Transportation 10‐1

10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Transport infrastructure forms the backbone of any economy and plays an important

role in the development of a city. A well planned road network accompanied by

efficient transport system is the key to the growth of the town. It not only brings down

the aggregate cost of intra‐urban mobility, but also optimizes agregate travel time

spent in performing innumerable units of urban activities. The objectives to study the

road and transportion are to understand and analyze the present scenario of the

system, its potentials and scope of development to make it reliable, efficient and

affordable system.

10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY

Gaya is will connected with the regional road network within the state and to various

materopolis in country. Gaya city is regionally connected with Patna via Jahanabad

through NH‐83 towards the north of Gaya. Further Gaya is connected to Aurangabad,

Sasaram to Delhi though NH‐2 which meets NH‐83 (passing from Gaya City) at Dobhi.

Also Gaya is connected to Kolkatta by SH‐8 and by NH‐2. Regional Connectivity of Gaya

is represented in Map 2.3 (Chapter‐2).

Gaya is also well connected to metropolis New Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai through

broad gauge railway line. It is the second most important station in Bihar after Patna.

Gaya is directly connected to Guwahati and Chennai also. Gaya is also connected

through other two broad gauge rail lines to Patna and Kiul showing fairly good regional

rail connectivity of the city.

Gaya has one International Airport. Gaya Airport is the only international airport in

Bihar and Jharkhand both. It is an international airport connected to Colombo, Sri Lanka

through two airline operators; Bangkok, Thailand; Singapore, and Bhutan. Gaya Airport

is served by Indian Airlines for domestic flights and Sri Lankan Airlines, Mihin Lanka,

Drukair, Jet airways and Indian Airlines for international flights.

10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY

National Highways and State Highways passes from the Gaya city. (Map No. 10.1) Gaya

is well connected by road network with surrounding areas through major roads of the

city. NH‐83 passes through the heart of the city connects Gaya to Patna via Jahanabad



on the north of the city. Further NH‐83 connects the Gaya to Bodhgaya and to

Aurangabad and Sasaram through NH‐2. NH‐83 meets NH‐2 at Dobhi.

Sikaria Mod towards Bodhgaya (Left) and Falgu Bridge towards Manpur (Right)

Besides above, other important road of the Gaya city connects it to Sherghati via

Swarajpuri Road and Jail Road of the GMC area. Gaya city also connected to

International Airport by above mentioned road. SH‐8 and SH‐70 passes through the city

connects Gaya to Nawadah and Fatehpur respectively. Other important links inside the

GMC area are mentioned in Table 10.1.

Table 10‐1: Major Roads within the City

Collectorate Road Ramsagar Road Church Road

Jail Road Station Road Swarajpuri Road

Vishnupad Temple Road Mangla Gauri Road Koiwari Road

Jai Prakash Jharna Road Jagjivan Road A.P. Colony Road

D.M.Residence Road South Police Line Road Tikari Road

As per Gaya Draft Master Plan 2027, 164 Ha of land covered with roads and

transportation. It includes National Highway, State Highway, Other Roads and transport

infrastructure like bus stand, bus depot etc.

Total road length in Gaya Municipal Area is 128 km out of which 50 km is surfaced

(Pucca) roads and 78 km is unsurfaced (kutcha) road, details of which are shown in

Table 10.2.

Table 10‐2: Surface Wise Road Length

Road Surface Length (kms) Percentage

Cement Concrete 28 56%

WBM 12 24%

BT 10 20%

Surfaced Road 50 39%

Un surfaced Road 78 61%

Total (Surfaced +Unsurfaced) 128 100 (Source: SPUR Cell & Infrastructure Benchmark Report, GMC)



The road network in the inner city/old city area consists of narrow carriage way due to

encroachments along the road. Katari Road, Tikari Road, Riverside Road, Jail Road,

Ander Gaya Road, Station Road, G.B Road and Nawada Road are main roads which cater

to most of the traffic of the town. Width of the roads varies from 3.5m to 12m. Parking

along the roads due to commercial activities further reduces the carriageway or

effective space available for movement of traffic.

The major intersections in the city are Sikaria Mod, Collectorate Chowk, Chowk Area,

Gaya College Mod, Swarajpuri Mod, Ghughri Tad Mod, Ghewal Mod, Vishnupad Mod,

Bus Stand Chowk, Station Mod, New Godam Road Mod etc.

These junctions are mainly located in the core of the city and most of the time remains

congested with traffic. Existing road network highlighting important road, intersections,

transport infrastructure etc are represented in Map 10.1.

10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS

Non‐motorized transport plays an important role for

intracity movement especially bicycle, cycle‐rickshaw.

According to the primary survey conducted in GMC in

June 2007 total number of trips generated per day in

Gaya is 1130 with an average trip length of 2km.

Approximately, 74% of trips are generated for work

purpose and majority of people prefers to walk (41%).

The share of public transport i.e. bus is almost negligible

(2%). Cycle is the most preffered mode of conveyance. Cycle and walk together is the

modal choide for 79% of the households.

10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

As mentioned earlier, cycle, cycle rickshaw and pedestrians are important components

of the composition of traffic in Gaya. Further in motorized vehicle two wheelers is the

main modal choice. Also, as per household survey conducted by GMC in June 2007,

maxium households 71% owns bicycle followed by two wheelers (26%). Total number

of vehicles registered in Gaya Municipal Area is 135027 till March 2010, modewise

details of which are shown in Table 10.3.

Table 10‐3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation

S.N. Vehicles Categories Total no. of Registered Vehicle (Upto March 2010)

1. Truck 5930

2 Bus 1723

3 Car 4341

4 Taxi 2798

5 Zeep 3357



S.N. Vehicles Categories Total no. of Registered Vehicle (Upto March 2010)

6 Tempo 6146

7 Two Wheeler 97268

8 Tractor 6812

9 Trailor 6288

10 Others 364

Grand Total 135027(Source: RTO Office, Gaya, 2009‐2010)

Table 10.3 shows that maxium number of registered vehicles is two wheelers followed

by tractor, trailer, tempo and truck.

Further as per Draft Master Plan 2027 referring to primary survey conduscted by GMC

in June 2007, for traffic volume on major roads of the city shows that highest traffic

volume is present on Tekari Road followed by Nawada Gaya Road, Ramana Road, Chand

Chauraha and Station Road whereas volume of traffic is least on Medical to AT gate

road stretch.

10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Transport infrastructure plays an important role in the economic development of the

city and improves the overall traffic condition of the city. There are 3 Bus Stands in

Gaya. These are situated along Gaya – Bodhgay highway (Sikaria Mod), Gandhi Maidan

and on Gaya College Road. The city has regional bus service station run by state

government, and private buses. Direct bus service is available from the city to almost all

the important towns and cities of the state as well as other states of Eastern India like

Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Kolkata, Rourkela etc and Yashpur, Ambikapur

etc of Chhattisgarh. There is no truck terminal facility available in the city, due to which

all the trucks comes to the city does loading and unloading on major commercial roads

of the city creating congestion. In addition to that, there are no organised off street

parking spaces available in city, due to which vehicles park along the roads further

reducing the effective space available on the roads. Railway station is present in GMC

Area on station road.

10.7 STREET LIGHTING

Street lighting is an important infrastructure especially from safety and social security

point of view. There is general inadequacy of street lights in Gaya town. Only 39% (50

kms) of the roads are having street lights showing poor lighting condition in town. There

is lack of maintenance of street lighting in GMC area wherever provided. Only few

major roads and intersections have facilities of street lighting and high masts lamp

posts. There are 1500 bulbs and 20 high masts light in the town.




Passing of National Highway and State highway from the heart of the city puts

high pressure on the city roads, as through traffic also passes from the city.

Gaya is well connected with road, rail and air network.

Inadequate road width varies from 3.5 to 12m of major roads of the city.

Only 39% of the roads are surfaced, still 61% of the roads are unsurfaced kutcha

roads.

Poor maintenance of existing roads.

Lack of organised parking spaces.

Onstreet parking and enchroachment reduces the actual space available for

movement of traffic.

Lack of traffic management in the city viz. traffic signalisation etc.

Cycle and pedestrians are the major composition of the traffic in Gaya city.

Inadequate pedestrian footpaths/sidewalks on major roads.

In absence of truck terminal facility, loading, unloading activities and parking

takes place on important road of the city creating congestion.

Lack of public transport available in Gaya.

Lack of light poles on roads and at intersections recuding the safety and social

security in town.

10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Opportunities

Gaya is well connected to major cities with road, rail and air network.

NH‐83, SH‐8 and SH‐70 passes through the city connecting the city with regional road network.

Railway station is present in Gaya city connected to all major cities.

Improved connectivity and public transport will increase tourist and commercial activities and hence improve the economy.

Improved transoport infrastructure such as bus terminal, truck terminal will help improving traffic congestion and increase commercial acitivities in city.

Weakness Threats

Inefficient public transport system Inadequate road widths and higher

percentage of unsurfaced roads in city.

Absence of footpaths. Lack of parking facilities. Absence of Truck Terminal. Poor traffic management system.

Due to National Highway and State Highway passing through the city causes accidents.

Absence of sidewalks/footpaths causes accidents.

Absence of parking spaces and truck terminal creates congestion and pollution in city.



10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

10.10.1 Vision

“To create safe, efficient, reliable and affordable

transportation system for the city”


Development of outer ring road will reduce the pressure of through traffic on

city roads.

Upgradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of missing road

links in the present road network will be taken up in Phase‐I, will smoothen the

traffic inside the city.

Development of new roads for future expansion of the city will be taken up in

Phase‐II.

Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed.

Upgradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal will improve the

economic activities in the city.

Improvement of intersections, installation of traffic signals, signages etc. shall be

done on priority to improve the traffic management in city.

Development of sidewalks/footpaths and foot over bridges shall be developed

on priority to improve the pedestrain safety and improve vehicular traffic

movement.

Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city shaould be developed in Phase‐I for

planned development of the roads and transportation which is a key

infrastructure for the city.

Provision of new lighting system for the non‐lit areas and new areas.

Emphasis should be given for promoting non‐conventional energy resources

such as solar energy to meet a part of the power demand for uses like street

light.


Detailed projects identified to improve the traffic and transportation system of the city

to serve the traffic till 2030 are presented in Table 10.4.

Table 10‐4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation

S.N. Major Projects Identified Phase‐I(2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)

Phase‐III(2021‐30)

Qty Qty Qty

1 Upgradation of bus terminal 4 Nos. ‐ ‐ 2 Development of truck terminal 1 No. ‐ ‐ 3 Construction of footpaths 30 20 ‐



4 Parking lots 2 Nos. 3 Nos. ‐ 5 Passenger Sheds 6 Nos. 4 Nos. ‐

6 Upgradation &strengthening of roads and development of missing links 58.5 kms 19.5 kms ‐

7 Construction of RCC Bridge 1 No. ‐ ‐ 8 Construction of ring road ‐ 10kms ‐ 9 New road construction ‐ 6kms ‐ 10 Repairing of city roads 30kms 20kms ‐

11 Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc. 11 5 ‐

12 Foot Over Bridge 1No. 1No. ‐

13 Junction and Traffic signal improvement 8 Nos. 8Nos. ‐

14 Comprehensive Mobility Plan ‐ ‐ ‐ 15 Street Light Poles (with solar bulbs) 1373 Nos.

16 Street Light Poles (Conventional) 1373 Nos.


| Social Infrastructure i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................... 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ............................................................................................ 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ........................................................................................................ 11‐1 11.2.2 Health .............................................................................................................. 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Community Facilities ............................................................................ 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 11‐3 11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................... 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 11‐3 11.5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ..................................................................................... 11‐4 List of Tables Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010 ............................................................ 11‐2 Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure ............................................................. 11‐4

List of Maps

Map 11‐1: Social Infrastructure


| Social Infrastructure 11‐1

11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Social infrastructure plays an important role to provide quality of life to the residents of

the city. The effectiveness of social infrastructure in achieving the objective of city

development plan would depend upon its capacity to contribute to improvement in the

quality of life, enhanced self‐dependency and city’s sustainability. The level of social

infrastructure shall aim the creation of livable city through reducing the sense of

alienation among the residents with less dependence on other settlements for basic

infrastructure. Social Infrastructure in Gaya city area caters to the demand and

requirements of the city as well as its neighbouring areas.

11.2 EXISTING STATUS

11.2.1 Education

Education is an important factor influencing the quality of life of the people and future

development of an area. It empowers them with skills and knowledge and helps them

to better lead their life and to access best of the employment opportunities available in

the market. This in turn will impact the work force participation rate and economy of

the area. There are 117 primary schools, 52 middle schools, 15 inter schools and 4 high

schools to serve the population of the Gaya town as well surrounding small towns and

villages, which is shown in Table 11.1. Some of the schools in Gaya are named as Zilla

School, Nav Sthapit Zilla, Rajkiya Kanya Uchch Vidyalaya, Mahavir Inter School, Tea

Model Inter School, and Shaeed Inter School etc.

There are 5 colleges for higher education within

city including 1 women college such as Gaya

College, Anurag Memorial College, Jagjivan

College, Mirza Ghalib College and Gautam Mahila

College for women. There colleges are located in

radius of 5‐10 kms from most of the areas of

Gaya city. Anugraha Narayan Magadh College

and Hospital (ANMMCH) is reputated institution in Gaya for medical. Apart from

medical there are few colleges for Engineering in Gaya. In addition there is one

industrial training institute in Gaya. Major educational institutes are spatially

represented on Map 11.1.



Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010

S.N. Educational Facilities Institutes

Nos.

1 Primary 117

2 Middle 52

3 Inter School 15

4 High School 4

5 Colleges 5

6 Medical College 2

7 Polytechnic 1

8 ITI 1 (Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)

11.2.2 Health

Gaya city has got six major hospitals namely Lady Algin hospital, Pilgrim hospital,

leprosy hospital, Anugrah Narayan Maghad Medical College, Communicable Disease

Hospital, Godavari and Sadar PHC. In addition to that there are number of allopathic,

ayurvedic and homeopathic and other dispensaries and private nursing homes of

various specializations in Gaya. There is 1 veterinary hospital present in Gaya.

Presently, as per UDPFI guidelines these health facilities are insufficient to serve the

population of Gaya city. In Gaya, most common diseases are fever, malaria, syphilis,

tuberculosis and gastroenteritis. These are mostly water borne diseases. Untreated

water and malnutrition are main causes of such disease. Health facilities available in

Gaya are spatially represented in Map 11.1.

11.2.3 Other Community Facilities

1. Police Station: There are eight police stations in Gaya town named as Kotwali

Thana, Civil Lines Thana, Delha Thana, Chandauti Thana, Medical College Thana,

Rampur Thana, Mufasil Thana and Buniyadganj Thana.

2. Fire Fighting: There is one fire station in Gaya which serves the whole district.

Firewater hydrants are located at four location in Gaya named as Dandibagh,

Panchayati Akhada, Azad Park and Municipal Store. Fire station in Gaya is



provided with 5 fire tender, 1 water hoiser, 1 foam tender, 1 emergency rescue

tender, 1 portable pump, 1 fire hydrant within primises and 1 in Dandibagh.

3. Post Offices: There are three post offices in town, 1 head office at city level, 1 at

railway station and 1 at Buniyadganj to serve population of Gaya.

4. Parks, Gardens and Open Spaces: Area under parks and gardens is 20 acre and

area under open spaces is 5 acre.

5. Other Community Facilities: There is 1 stadium, 6 cinema halls, 4 auditoriums, 2

public libraries and 2 reading rooms located in Gaya Town.

Khel Parisar and Gimnasium Hall in Gaya city


There is lack of professional and vocational training institutions in Gaya.

There are lack of parks and playgrounds.

There is lack of recreational facilities such as indoor stadium and recreational

centers.

There is lack of community/multipurpose halls for organizing various socio‐

cultural activities.

Present fire fighting facilities are inadequate.

There is requirement of nightshelters.

Cremation grounds are not well developed as per requirement.

Welcome gate shall be developed for identification of the town.

11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

11.4.1 Vision

“To provide adequate social infrastructure including educational,

health, recreational and other community facilities to enhance quality

of life of the residents of Gaya”.


Development of reacreational facilities like sports complex, indoor stadiums and

other recreational centers.



City level park, neighbourhood parks and playground shall be developed to increase the green and open spaces.

Health facilities for specialized diseases shall be developed. A complex may be developed having schools / technical institutes / colleges /

research centre with hostel and auxiliary housing to cater the needs of Gaya and

also of surrounding areas.

Providing infrastructural facilities like advanced equipped library, laboratory, and computers to schools in existing schools.

Training institutes/vocational training centers for skilled manpower for various

sectors like industry, trade and service sectors including telecom, retail,

hospitality, health insurance and automobiles.

Community/multipurpose halls shall be developed for various performing

community activities.

4 Welcome Gates in Gaya shall be developed as identity of Gaya city.

Upgradation of cremation ground shall be done.

Fire extinguishing facilities shall be enhanced in the town. Nighshelters should be developed for houseless pavement dwellers.


Projects have been identified to improve the social infrastructure in the city to make

the city self sustainable and livable, which are detailed in Table 11.2.

Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure

S.No. Major Projects Identified

Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.)

1 Community Hall /Multipurpose Hall 4 3 3

2 Recreational Centers 1 1 1

3 City Park 1 1

4 Neighbourhood Park 5 5 5

5 Night Shelter 1 1 2

6 Fire Station 2 1

7 Upgradation of Cremation Ground 4 2 2

8 Welcome Gate 2 1 1


| Basic Services to Urban Poor i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR .............................................................. 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ............................................................................................ 12‐1 12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya .................................................................................... 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC ....................................................... 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ..................................................................... 12‐3 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS .................................................................. 12‐4 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ...................................... 12‐4 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions ....................................... 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 12‐6 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 12‐7 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ............................ 12‐7 12.6.1 Vision ............................................................................................................... 12‐7 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes .......................................................................... 12‐8 12.6.3 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 12‐8 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ..................................................................................... 12‐9 List of Tables

Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums ................................................................................... 12‐1 Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC .................................................... 12‐3 Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums ....................................................................... 12‐4 Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor .................................. 12‐8 List of Maps

Map 12‐1: Location of Slums in Gaya


| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐1

12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR

12.1 INTRODUCTION

Poverty connotes a helpless situation of a person who finds it difficult to sustain

livelihood for himself and his family, having limited access to earning, nutrition, shelter

and health care.

Affordable housing becomes one of the major problems for rural migrants transferred

to urban area for job opportunities As a result in Gaya, population lives in slum

settlements with minimal informal resources that are available to them. Slums are

essentially the result of urban poverty. Population living in slums lacks access to basic

physical infrastructure like safe drinking water, sanitation, solid waste disposal,

drainage, access to roads, street lights, and social facilities like health and education.

Urban poverty and slums also result of an unorganized fast growth of the town without

development of basic infrastructure facilities. In the Slum Area Act, 1956 Government

of India has defined slum areas as those areas where buildings are unfit for human

habitation. These slums lack the basic infrastructure facilities that are required for a

decent quality of life. The term ‘Slum’ describes a wide range of low income

settlements or poor living conditions in settlements.

12.2 EXISTING STATUS

12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya

As per Draft Master Plan 2027 referred to the Census of India 2001 there were 15

notified slum wards in Gaya, wherein 2796 households with 18881 population is living

in slum like condition. The population and number of households of all the notified

slums are given below in Table 12.1.

Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums

No. of slum Ward No. of Households Total Population

1 97 405

2 397 2503

4 392 2679

10 196 1287

11 85 594

13 317 2068

15 270 2074

16 289 2057



No. of slum Ward No. of Households Total Population

17 298 2034

19 45 306

22 220 1539

25 94 672

31 32 235

32 34 274

36 30 154

Total 2796 18881 (Source: Census of India, 2001)

Further under SPUR programme, survey has been done for identification of slums in

June 2010. It has been found that there are 41 slum pockets distributed in 27 wards

with 4737 households and 26620 populations (6.8% of the total population) and BPL

population of 84331. The ward wise slum pocket with number of household and

population are given in Annexure II (Map 12‐1)

It can be observed that maximum number of slum pockets is in Ward No. 44 with total

of 400 households. The highest slum population size of 1500 is residing in Dusadh Toli‐

Imliyachak slum pocket of Ward No. 29 and Harijan Toli‐Delha Dhaniya Bagicha slum

pocket of Ward No. 27.

12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC

Gaya is characterized by a very significant presence of the urban poor, with a growing

poverty profile. Slum settlements have multiplied over decades and the living

conditions of the poor have not improved. Environmental decline, inadequate basic

services and infrastructure in the poor settlements hit the poor hardest. Slums are

scattered across the city, with high population densities and the number of people

inhabiting into it are around 26620 persons. Most of the slum dwellers are migrants

from rural areas. They are mainly construction labourers, rickshaw pullers, daily wage

earners, etc. with low incomes. Earlier slums used to exist only on the periphery of the

city. However, during last two decades, the growth of slums has ben reported in the

inner areas also. In last few years, slums have been spread throughout the Gaya town.

Slums are mainly inhabited on Government/private lands, on foothills, near nallahs and

water bodies etc. The houses are made of kutcha materials like mud wall, thatched roof

etc. Slums are basically having very poor existing infrastructure.



Slums in Gaya

12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status

As per the survey conducted under SPUR Programme in June 2010, out of the 41 slum

pockets, land ownership of 17 slum pockets is under state government. Five of slum

pockets are located on central government land and ninghteen are on other than state

and central government land. Land under slum pockets present in Ward No. 3, 16, 33

(one pocket each), 50 (two pockets) is owned by central government. Land under the

slum pockets present in Ward No. 6, 8, 14, 22, 27 (1 pocket each), 28 (1 pocket), 29 (1

pocket), 34 (2 pockets), 43, 44 (2 pockets), 45 (1 pocket), 46, 47, 50 (1 pocket each), 53

are owned by state government. Rest of the slum pockets are located on either

privately owned or owned by any agency other than state government and central

government. Details of the land ownership of various slum pockets are shown in Table

12.2.

Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC

Land Ownership

Name of the Slums

State Gov.

Harijan Toli‐Kharkhura, Harijan Toli‐ Pitamaheshwar Chamartoli, Harijan Toli‐Bhairosthan,Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐1 , Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐2,Harijan Toli‐ Baksu Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Kapildhara, Harijan Toli‐ Kiranighat,Harijan Toli‐ Bhusunda , Harijan Toli‐ Brahmsat, Harijan Toli‐ Bhatbigha, Harijan Toli‐ Iqbal Nagar, Harijan Toli‐ Abgila, Harijan Toli‐ Khatkachak, Dusadh Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill

Central Gov. Bhai Toli‐ Delha, Gandhinagar Harijan Toli‐ Part‐1 Manpur, Gandhi nagar Harijan Toli Part‐2‐ Manpur, Domtoli‐ Station Road, Harijan Toli‐ South Police line.

Others

Harijan Toli Murlihil, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bairagi, Harijan Toli‐ Ramna, Harijan Toli‐ Lakhanpura, Harijan Toli ‐ Ghugharitand Chhatthu Bigha, Harijantoli‐ Mustafabad, Harijan Toli‐ Bijay Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Delha Dhaniya Bagicha, Harijan Toli‐ Maranpur, Harijan Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Akshayvat, Harijan Toli‐Ramdhanpur , Harijan Toli‐ Kumhrartoli Manpur, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill Salempur, Harijan Toli‐ Nadraganj, Harijan Toli‐ Barisnagar, Harijan Toli‐ Rampur, Singrasthan Harijan Toli

(Source: SPUR Cell)



Out of 41 slum pockets 21 slums have secured tenure status while 19 have insecured

tenure status but with no risk. Only one slum pockets i.e. Harijan toli, south police line

Ward No.33 has insecure tenure status with a risk. The name of the slum pockets with

the status of their tenure is shown in Table 12.3. Slum pockets present in Ward no. 11,

9, 10, 45 (2 pockets), 34, 32, 2, 27 (1 pocket), 44 (2 pockets), 29 (1 pocket), 49, 28 (1

pocket), 38, 5, 31, 33 have secured tenure status.

Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums

Tenure Status

Name of the Slum

Secure

Harijan Toli ‐Murlihil, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bairagi, Harijan Toli‐ Ramna, Harijan Toli‐ Lakhanpura, Harijan Toli Ghugharitand‐Chhatthu Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐1, Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐2, Harijantoli‐ Mustafabad, Harijan Toli‐Bijay Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Delha Dhaniya Bagicha, Harijan Toli‐ Maranpur, Harijan Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Akshayvat, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Kumhrartoli Manpur, Harijan Toli Katari hill Salempur, Harijan Toli‐ Nadraganj, , Harijan Toli‐ Barisnagar, Harijan Toli‐ Rampur, Singrasthan Harijan Toli

Insecure but no Risk

Harijan Toli Kharkhura, Harijan Toli‐ Pitamaheshwar Chamartoli, Bhai Toli‐Delha,Harijan Toli‐ Bhairosthan, Harijan Toli‐ Baksu Bigha , Harijan Toli ‐ Kapildhara, Harijan Toli‐Kiranighat, Manpur Surajpura, Gandhinagar Harijan Toli Part‐1‐ Manpur, Gandhi nagar‐ Harijan Toli Part‐2‐ Manpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bhusunda, Domtoli‐ Station Road, Harijan Toli‐ Brahmsat, Harijan Toli‐ Bhatbigha,Harijan Toli‐ Iqbal Nagar, Harijan Toli‐ Abgila, Harijan Toli‐ Khatkachak, Dusadh Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill

Insecure Harijan Toli, South Police line

(Source: SPUR Cell)

12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS

12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population

Presently there are 41 slum pockets inhabited by

26620 persons where civic condition is very poor

because the city has not been able to provide basic

civic amenities in these slum areas. Almost 75% of

the slum families are living below poverty line. Slum

dwellers are mainly construction labourers,

rickshaw pullers, daily wage earners, etc. with low

incomes.

12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions

The environmental conditions in some slums are very poor and lack basic civic

amenities like pucca roads, drainage, safe water, sanitation, solid waste mangament,



street lights etc. Water‐borne diseases are prevelant in slums of Gaya. In some of the

slums basic infrastructure like construction of side drains, pavement of lanes, toilets,

primary health centers etc have been provided by GMC. For example in Nailli road

networks are provided and linked but other infrastructures are still lacking. However

they are deficient in quality and quantity. In general slums have following problems

Lack of pucca roads

Poor sanitary conditions

Lack of drainage system

Lack of solid waste management

Poor housing condition

Basic infrastructure present in each of the slum pocket, surveyed under SPUR

Programme has been given in Annexure III and slient features of the status of various

infrastructures are explained in following sections.

Drainage: A general survey of the city indicates that major part of the city does not

have adequate drainage and in some part, the existing drainage needs immediate

overhauling. This is otherwise desirable as roads cannot be maintained unless and until

proper drainage network covers the whole city. The drainage project initially should

cover the major part of the old city and newly grown up colonies by identification of

sites, which are in dire necessity of upgrading/repairing/ constructing drains. Drains are

chocked in some slum areas resulting in overflow of the waste water. Also the slums

mostly located in low lying areas, leading to water logging during the monsoons. As per

slum infrastructure survey conducted under SPUR programme, it is found that out of

the 41 slum pockets in GMC, 21 have pucca, 18 have kutcha and 2 are not having

drains. Bhai Toli, Delha, Harijan Toli, Kiranighat are the slums not having access to even

kutcha drains.

Roads: Several slum pockets need paved roads along with drains as the inhabitants find

it difficult even to reach their houses during rains. The kutcha roads become water

logged and also breeding ground for many vectors. Out of the 41 slums, 1 slum Bhai

Toli, Delha is not having any roads, 14 slums have kutcha roads and 26 slums have

pucca.

Sanitation: It is the one of the most important basic services. Particularly in slum areas,

it is the primary amenity, which is to be provided by the local body. Some of the slums

in Gaya have very poor sanitary conditions. At present, out of the 41 slum pockets in

GMC, only 13 slums have individual toilets. In rest of the 28 slums pockets open

defecation along the river, open drains and in open spaces is prevalent creating

insanitary condition in town.



Solid Waste Management: Similarly, there is no provision for dumping of solid waste

and it is disposed off in any open space available, usually on a vacant plot, corners of

the street, open nallah etc. Out of the 41 slums only 2 slums named Harijan Toli, Bairagi

(Ward No. 10), Harijan Toli, Akshayvat (Ward No. 44) are having designated space for

dumping of waste. As far as waste collection is concerned, only in 2 slums waste is

collected daily, in 5 slums waste is collected on alternate days, in another 5 slums, once

in a week whereas in 17 slums waste is occasionally collected and in 12 slums waste is

never being collected creating filthy situation in these slum pockets.

Water Supply: Provision of safe drinking water in slum

areas is essential because prevailing sanitary condition

in these areas are not satisfactory and there is every

possibility of water borne disease like Cholera, E‐

Hepatitis, and Gastroenteritis. Presently maximum

numbers of slums are dependent on either private or

public shallow bore hand pumps. Out of the 41 slum

pockets only 6 slums have legal municipal piped connection, 8 slums have water supply

through both municipal piped and private shallow bore hand pumps system, 2 have

illegal municipal piped system and 1 has no supply of water.


In the city area, approximately 7% ‐ 10% of the population is residing in slum areas,

which are spatially spread all over the Gaya city, especially near the river Falgu and

along the highway, which is a cause for concern.

Taking note of serious imbalance in the living conditions of the urban rich and poor, the

Centre has asked State Governments to earmark development funds for slum dwellers

and other poors in municipal budgets in proportion to their share in urban population.

The issues and findings based on analysis and observations of the slum areas are

following:

Approx 7%‐ 10 % of population of Gaya resides in slums.

There are 41 slum pockets distributed in 27 wards with 4737 households and

26620 populations.

Out of 41, 21 slum pockets have secured tenure status.

Poor coverage of basic infrastructure facilities such has safe drinking water,

drainage, sanitation facility, solid waste management, roads etc.

Several slums, located on low lying areas along Falgu River, are prone to

flooding.

The public toilets are in very poor condition and non functional.



The ground water is contaminated due to open defecation, thus exposing the

inhabitants to risk of various water borne diseases.

There is no electricity connection in the slums; even the schools and community

buildings lack this facility.

In absence of proper strategy and policies to create affordable housing stock for

urban poor in the city, the growth of new slums will remain unabated.

Lack of planned interventions in the past has lead to the growth of slums on

public land, the present scenario shows increased inadequate serviced land for

housing within city limits.

Lack of comprehensive urban poverty reduction policy

Poor management resource base for creating and aintaining infrastructure is

critical issue. As they depend on ad‐hoc grants, the service provision for the

poor becomes sporadic activity rather than regular service delivery system of

local government institutions.

12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS


12.6.1 Vision

“To provide affordable housing and basic sevices to urban poor”

Improving the living condition of the poor is important to make the identity of the city

and improve the overall condition of the town. Thus special attention shall be given to

the poors and infrastructure provision for them should be at par with rest of the city.

Strengths Opportunities

Minimum basic services like water supply and roads are available in some slums which gives an opportunity to increase other minimum basic services like sanitation, drainage etc.

There is special attention of Central and State Government to improve the condition of poor. Thus funds are available under various schemes viz. DFID, IHSDP etc.

Weakness Threats

Slum pockets are distributed all over the

town in various wards.

Dilapidated condition of slum housing.

Poor infrastructure availability and poor maintenance wherever present.

Poor health and educational facilities

Continous increase in slum settlements and unavailability of infrastructure. Encroachment by slums in an unorganized manner.



12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes

By the end of the year 2030, all facilities like water supply network coverage, provision

of sanitation facilities i.e. community toilets linked to main sewer line, lighting, proper

road connectivity, pucca houses and education to all is to be fully provided.

Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor

S.N. Goal 2016 2021 2030

1 Coverage for slum houses 90% 100% 100%

2 Construction of Community Toilets and linking them to the proposed sewerage network.

100% 100% 100%

3 UGD Coverage for slum households 90% 100% 100%

4 Adequately Lit Slum 100% 100% 100%

5 Adequate Road Link for the Slum 100% 100% 100%

6 Pucca houses for all Slum Households 50% 80% 100%

7 Education for all in Slums 100% 100% 100%


As per National Slum Policy the objectives to formulate strategy are:

To integrate slum settlements and communities residing within them into the urban

areas as a whole by creating awareness amongst the public and in Governance of

underlying principles that guide process of slum development and improvement

and the options that are available for bringing about the integration.

To strengthen the legal and policy framework to facilitate the process of slum

development and improvement on a sustainable basis and

To establish a framework for involving all stakeholders for the efficient and smooth

implementation of policy objectives.

Key Strategies

Provision of affordable houses for poor living in dilapidated houses or having no

house.

Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic

services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town and will be taken care

on priority for development.

Integrated development of slums including both housing and basic services shall be

done, wherever relocation of slums is required;

Insitu development of slums wherever possible;

Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums;

Provision of piped water connection with minimum fixed prices.




There is requirement of 4737 houses in slums of Gaya, which is also recommended by

IHSDP.


| Heritage and Tourism i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ......................................................................... 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 13‐1 13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA ....................................................... 13‐1 13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS .................................................................................... 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ............................................................ 13‐4 13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................... 13‐5 13.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ................................................................................... 13‐5 13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 13‐6 13.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 13‐6 13.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .................................................................................... 13‐7 List of Tables Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya ............................................... 13‐3 Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism ........................................................... 13‐7

List of Figures Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow .......................................................................................................... 13‐5


| Heritage and Tourism 13‐1

Vishnupad Temple

13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM

13.1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage is the cultural, social and spiritual legacy that we inherit from our past and

pass on to the future. Heritage is unique in its reverence for Mother Nature in all her

manifestations. Ancient traditions, rituals and practices have embedded this reverence

in religion and even in normal day‐to‐day living.

Gaya has a rich cultural landscape and is one of the important holy places for Hindus

and thousands of devotees visit this small town every year for pilgrimage. From time

immemorial, Hindu pilgrims from every part of India arrive at the Panchakroshi

Gayakshetra with their offerings of Pind to ensure peace for the departed souls of 12

generation of their deceased ancestors. It is said that an offering of Pind at Gaya

ensures heavenly ascent for the soul. Every inch of Gaya is wrapped with ancient

temples, kunds and images related to Hindu religion. Gaya is also famous for

pitrapaksha mela held in month of September every year. Even the followers of

Buddhism also visit Gaya as the famous seat of Buddhism; 'Bodh Gaya' is few kms away

from Gaya.

13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA

Gaya is a religious centre and it is believed that the principal Hindu God, Vishnu has

bestowed upon Gaya the power to absolve the sin of the sinners. Who come here for

pilgrimage. Pilgrims also come to offer funerary offerings (or pinds) at the Ghats along

the river and pray for the souls of their ancestors. There are number of relgious tourist

places in an and around Gaya. Some of the important tourist pilgrimage sites are as

follows.

Vishnupad Temple

One of the major pilgrim centres in Gaya is Vishnupad

temple and can be a potential heritage structure because of

its importance and its architecture. The temple with its 30m

high silver plated octagonal peak resting on 8 rows of

decorated pillars. It is built in Shikhara style of architecture

in the year 1787. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it was rebuilt by

Ahilya Bai Holkar, the ruler of Indore, in the 18th century. Devotees visit in large

numbers to get a glimpse of the footprints of Lord Vishnu.



Akshay Bata

Brahmayoni Hill

Ramshila Hill

The temple complex is quite big and having many images of different Gods and

Goddesses. There are many other shrines in and around the temple. Another important

temple is of Lord Nrisimha, the god which according to Hindu mythology was a man‐lion

incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The temple and statue is intricately carved and designed

and is a major tourist attraction at Gaya.

Mangla Gauri Temple

The Mangla Gauri shrine is marked by two rounded stones that symbolize the breasts of

mythological Sati, the first wife of Lord Shiva. It is a very old and sacred temple which is

located in the Chand Chauraha area of Gaya town. Hundreds of devotees visit this

temple every day, which is situated on top of a hillock.

Falgu River

According to Ramayana, when Lord Rama came to Gaya along with Sita for pitripaksha

(or to perform pindadanam), Sita cursed the Falgu River following some disobedience

on the part of the river. The mythology states that on account of this curse, Falgu River

lost its water, and the river is simply a vast stretch of sand dunes

However, water can always be found all the year by digging in the dry sandy riverbed.

That’s why it is called “Antah Saliya”. The ritual of pind daan starts from Falgu River.

Brahmayoni Hill

Brahmayoni Temple is located one km southwest of the

Vishnupada Temple. One thousand stone steps lead the

travelers to the top of this hill, from where one can have a

full view of Gaya. There are two caves Brahmayoni and

Matreyoni on the hill and an ancient temple of

Astabhujadevi. It is an important pilgrimage place for Buddhists; because at Brahmayoni

hill, Budhha preached the Fire Sermon to one thousand former fire worshipping

ascetics, who all became enlightened while listening to this discourse. At this time the

hill was called Gayasisra.

Akshay Bata

Akshay Bata is the important place where ritual of pind daan

ends. Pind daan starts from Falgu River and ends at Akshay

Bata. Akshay Bata got a boom by Sita who never dies. It’s not

destroyable, that’s why it is called Akshay Bata.

Ramshila Hill

On the north of the Gaya town is situated another hill called

Ramshila 715 ft high. There is an old temple situated on the

top of the hill that is called Rameshwara or Pataleshwara



Brahma Sarovar Ramshila Sarovar

Pretshila Hill

or Mahadev temple. In front of the temple there is a pavilion where pinds are offered.

Pretshila Hill

About 8km northwest of Gaya, the 873ft high Pretshila

hill is situated. The meaning of the name is the hill of

ghosts and it is sacred to Yama, the Hindu god of hell,

and forms one of the sacred places of pilgrimage. On

the top of the hill there is a small temple dedicated to

Yama (The God of death). At the foot of the hill there

are three tanks named Sati, Nigra and Sukha, and a fourth tank called Ramkund on the

summit near the temple of Yama, in which it is said that Ram himself bathed. Whoever

bathes in this tank is said to have rubbed out his sins and whoever recites the proper

mantras or spells with the usual offerings of Shraddha and Pind’s will freed from pain.

Other Religious/ Ritual Sites and Sarovars

During pitra‐paksh mela, thousands of pilgrims visit Gaya to offer Pind daan to their

ancestors. These offerings are done around Falgu River, different vedis (about 54 places

in and around Gaya), kunds etc. A name of the vedis, kunds and sarovars that need to

be preserved due to their religious importance in Gaya are listed in Table 13.1.

Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya

Poonpoon charan Puja Jiwha loll Kartikpada Mat Gowapi Munda Pristha

Falgu River Gajadhar Jee Dhadikhagni Ko pada Adi Gaya

Brahma Kund Sarswati Garpashagni Agastha pada Dhout Pada

Pretshilla Dharmaranya Ahabaniagni Indrapada Bhim Gaya

Ram Shilla BodhGaya Suryapada Kahsyapada Go Prachar

Ram Kund Brahma Sarower Chandrapada Gajakaran Gada Loll

Kagbali Kagbali Ganeshpada RamGaya Dhud Tarpan

Uttarmanas Amrasichen Sandyagnipada SitaKund Baitarni

Udichi Rudrapada Yagnipada Souvagyadan AkshoyBata

Kankhal Brahmapada Dadhisthi pada Gayasir Gyatri Ghat

Dakhin Manas Vishnupada Kanna pada Gayakup

List of Major Sarovars

Sita Kund

Pretshila Hill

Brahm Sarovar

Ravinder Sarovar

Godavari Sarovar

Lal babu Sarovar



Rukmani Sarovar Sarju Sarovar

Suraj kund Uttamanosh Sarovar

Maanpur Suraj Pokhar

Ramsagar

Ramshila Sarovar

Rukmani Sarovar

Sarju Sarovar

Suraj Kund

Uttar Manush Sarovar

Vaitarni Sarovar

Vishar Sarovar

13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS

Important Hindu religious feativals called as pitrapaksha are celebrated in Gaya and

huge gathering of pilgrims occurs to take part in the rituals associated with these

festivals. On this festival, in the month of September a mela has been organised every

year. It is the time for the Gayalis to be prepared for the Vedic Sraddha ceremonies or

the pind daan, a mandatory Hindi rite that is supposed to bring salvation to the

departed soul. Turning the pages of earlier history, one comes across the Puranic

legend that ascribes Gaya as one of the holiest spots of the world. The Asura, named

Gaya became so powerful that the Gods felt threatened and thus thought of eliminating

him. As a precondition to his death, the Asura demanded that he should be buried in

the holiest spot of the world.

13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN

Gaya is an important city in state of Bihar and an integral part of the cultural heritage of

India. It has immense significance as a centre of learning and for the religious purpose.

For the Hindus, Gaya is a place where an important ritual for the peace of the departed

soul can be accomplished. For the Buddhists, the place holds significance, as Lord

Buddha preached the Fire Sermon on the Brahmayoni Hill, formerly called the Gayasisa.

In addition to existing holy sites in Gaya, there are number of tourist spots around Gaya

which adds to the tourism potential of Gaya. Bodh Gaya is a place situated 15 kilometer

from the main town of Gaya. This is the place where Gautama Buddha attained

enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. The site of the world renowned, Mahabodhi

Temple, Bodh Gaya is the most sacred pilgrimage place for Buddhists. The magnificent

Mahabodhi Temple was nominated as a World Heritage Site under UNESCO in the year

2002. Presence of Barbar Caves, 57 kms from Gaya, Sun Deo Temple 20 kms,

Dungeshwari Caves, Rajgir 50 kms from Gaya further increases the tourist inflow in this

area. There is tourist circuit present in Bihar are Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir of which

Gaya can also be made part to harness its tourism potential.



Gaya contributes about 10% of the total domestic tourists and 3.32% of foreign tourist’s

visitng Bihar. Domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in Gaya in past 10 years are

represented in Figure 13.1.

Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow

It can be observed that there is sudden increase in domestic and foreign tourists from

2007‐2009. It can also find out from the monthly tourist flow that maximum domestic

tourist arrival is between the month of August and September in Gaya, due to inflow of

tourists in Gaya for Vishnu Puja and religious rites (Pind daan). The winter months of

January and December witnessed higer numbers of foreign tourists.

13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE

Gaya has 1 star hotel, 34 private hotels, 2 government hotels/circuit houses and 11

dharamshalas. Total of 58 accommodation facilities are present in Gaya, which is

second highest in Bihar after Patna (Draft Master Plan 2027).


Since, the city and its surroundings have potential for pilgrimage tourism, government

should take initiatives to develop its tourism potential and preserve its rich religious

heritage.

Gaya is not the part of the tourist circuit present in Bihar.

There is no integrated tourist development plan in place.

Tourist’s visting Gaya mainly includes pilgrimage for performing rituals of pind

daan.

Lack of development of religious sites which contributes to tourist potential.

Lack of efforts to restore and conserve the religious heritage structures.



Poor quality of tourist infrastructure especially accomdation facilities present in

Gaya, forces tourist to stay outside Gaya.

Lack of efforts to conserve and develop the Falgu River, water bodies/talabs

present in Gaya which can contribute to maintain the micro climate of the town

and to attract tourists.

13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strength Weakness

Major pilgrimage destination of

Hindus and Buddhists.

Gaya has one international airport. Both Indian and foreign tourists

inflow is increasing every year.

Presence of number of religious

heritage sites.

Various natural features such as hills

and water bodies present in Gaya

which can be developed to promote

tourism.

Lack of proper physical infrastructure like water supply, sanitation, etc required to

serve the tourists.

Poor quality of accommodation forces

tourist to stay out of Gaya.

Opportunity Threats

High tourism potential.

Availability of funds from various

agencies to finance projects related

to heritage conservation, tourism

infrastructure development, large

scale sanitation projects like laying

of sewerage network, installation of

wastewater treatment plants.

There is a threat of gradually losing the ancient character of marvelous pilgrimage

sites, number of them can be potential

heritage strctures;

Pollution of River Falgu, which is one of the religious site and potential tourist spot for future.


Maintenance and development of all major religious heritage sites such as

Vishupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple, Brahmyoni Hill, Ramshila Hill, and

Pretshila Hill shall be done on priority.

Efforts should be made to include Gaya with the existing tourist circuit of

Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgiri.

Conservation of water bodies, religious sarovars and development of its

surroundings as tourist spots shall be done to attract tourists.

Environmental conservation of Falgu River and for that matter entire Gaya town

needs to be pollution free to attract more tourists. We believe that the basic



infrastructure proposed will make the holy town free from all kinds of pollution

and help conserve the great religious heritage of town.

Quality of tourist infrastructure such as accommodation facilities need to be

improved so that tourist prefers to stay in Gaya which will also help in economic

development of the town.


Projects have been identified to conserve the religious heritage sites and development

of tourism, which are presented in Table 13.2.

Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism

S.No. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Conservation & Development of Vishnupad, Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar, Sitakund

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

2 Redevelopment & Up‐gradation of Pilgrimage and all Heritage Sites and Sarovars

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

3 Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)

Phase‐I Phase‐II ‐


| Environment i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

14 ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 14‐1 14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 14‐1 14.3 TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 14‐1 14.4 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 14‐2 14.5 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................... 14‐2 14.6 WATER POLLUTION ............................................................................................ 14‐2 14.7 AIR POLLUTION .................................................................................................. 14‐3 14.8 LAND POLLUTION ............................................................................................... 14‐3 14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS .............................................................. 14‐3 14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS ......................................................................................... 14‐4 List of Maps

Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar ...................................................... 14‐4 Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar ............................................... 14‐5 Map 14.3 : Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar ................................................................. 14‐5


| Environment 14‐1

14 ENVIRONMENT

14.1 INTRODUCTION

Word "environment" is most commonly used describing "natural" environment and

means the sum of all living and non‐living things that surround an organism, or group of

organisms. Environment includes all elements, factors, and conditions that have some

impact on growth and development of certain organism. Environment includes both

biotic and abiotic factors that have influence on organism or human being.

Natural disasters are naturally occurring processes that may be dangerous to human life

and structures. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes are all examples

of natural disasters. Human population continues to increase and there is need to

develop environmentally sound strategies to minimize the loss of life and property

damage from disasters especially in urban areas.

For better environment, all its components should be protected from pollution and the

surroundings should be clean. We need to take good care of our land, water resources,

forests, and atmosphere. But our environment has been facing environmental problems

due to air, water, noise pollution etc.

This chapter explains various environmental parameters and natural disasters which are

likely to have impact on the life of people of Gaya.

14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY

Gaya stands in the transit‐region where the uplands of the Chotanagarpur plateau

merge in the south Bihar alluvial Gangetic plains. It is doted by small rocky hills

(Mangala‐Gauri, Shringa‐Sthan, Ram‐Shila and Brahmayoni) on three sides and the river

flowing on the fourth (eastern) side.

14.3 TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of the west‐bank town, viz. Gaya proper, is influenced by the

Brahmayanoni hill and the smaller elevation along the river in Andar Gaya; the hills of

Murli and Ramsila to the north; the Katari hill and plateau to the west, and the Pretsila

hill, further beyond to the north‐west. The situation of these outcrops gives the

encompassed urban area the shape of an irregular broken saucer. The north and the

north‐eastern slope is obstructed to some degree by the Ramsila, not only makes the



Bairagi Mohulla and its environs the lowest part of Gaya proper but also causes vicious

problems of water logging to arise within it.

A further important gradient exists in the north‐west direction almost parallel to the

Gaya‐Tekari road due to the depression formed between the plateau of the Katari and

the Pretshila hills. The lowest level, in the proximity of the west bank town, exists near

the junction of this depression with the Jamunia stream.

A small area of Gaya proper, lying south of the Vishnupada and the Brahma‐yoni hill,

has a natural fall in that direction. Beyond it stretch extensive low lands, drained by a

small channel into the falgu.

The east‐bank town, Manpur has an overall northward fall of land and the two hills of

Manpur and Salempur (or Ram Gaya) within it stand too far apart to introduce any but

minor local variations. The latter hill, standing opposite the Vishnupada rocks, creates,

however, afflux conditions upstream and deflects the falgu towards the other bank.

14.4 CLIMATE

The town lies in the hot and humid tropical zone and with wide sandy expanse of the

Falgu, has become one of the hottest and humid places in the country with absolute

maximum temperatures reaching as high as 45 degree C and 90% humidity. The climate

of Gaya is thus hot in summers and cold in winters, so also, the variation in day and

night temperature is high. The prevailing wind direction, except during monsoon when

easterlies and south‐easterlies predominate, is from the west. The average annual

rainfall here is 1096 mm per annum. The context of temperature obviously indicates

that micro‐climatology has an important role to play at Gaya.

14.5 WATER RESOURCES

Falgu River passes through Gaya town, which is not a perennial river. Falgu is subject to

high floods during monsoon but in other season of the year it dwindles to an

insignificant stream wandering through a wide expanse of sand. Thus ground water is

the only source of water supply in town at present thoughout the year.

14.6 WATER POLLUTION

The existing scenario of water pollution essentially deals with the availability of water

resources of acceptable quality in the city. It also depends upon the precipitation and

re‐charges potential of ground water reserves and the water availability from the

adjoining areas of the city by way of surface water flow through canals or tube wells.

In the core area of the city, the environment is spoiled due to absence of efficient

sewerage, drainage, and solid waste disposal system. Waste water of households is



flowing into drains in absence of organized underground sewerage system. Due to

intermixing of waste water and storm water, whole of the water gets polluted and

finally emptying into Falgu River and other open areas of town. There is no waste water

treatment plant before final disposal of water into Falgu River causing pollution in river

and also slowly infiltrates in ground affecting the ground water quality also.

During rainy season, the river banks get inundated. Frequent floods and indiscriminate

dumping of waste into Falgu River further complicate the situation. Deteriorating health

of sacred Falgu River needs immediate attention. Proper storm water drains and

sewerage system covering entire town along with treatment plants are needed to

control pollution. Also due to lack of sanitation facilities, open defecation along river

side and its bed is a common sight causing pollution of Falgu River.

In absence of organised industrial estate, small industries are scattered in Gaya town

and waste water generated from industries also flows into drains also contributes to

water pollution.

14.7 AIR POLLUTION

Number of households and small industries are present in Gaya. Also the number of

vehicles has increased during last decades. Due to lack of power supply generator

systems are more common in all commercial, residential and public semi public places.

As a result, there has been a significant change in the quality of air in most of the urban

areas like Gaya.

14.8 LAND POLLUTION

This is the important aspect of environment, which needs immediate attention. There

are various factors by which land gets polluted such as emergence of slums,

indiscriminate disposal of garbage, low lying areas/ water‐ logging areas etc. a number

of vacant plots in various colonies have been turned into garbage disposal points

thereby leading to unhygienic living conditions. These garbage disposal points and

water logging have became the breeding sites for the mosquitoes and various other

pathogens, which lead to a number of disease like Cholera, Malaria, Typhoid, gastro‐

intestinal infection etc.

Many slums of the town do not have good living conditions, lack of sanitation, absence

of pucca roads, and other facilities. These slums spoil the environment because of

unhygienic conditions due to garbage dumping, open drains and water logging.

14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

The entire stretch of the Falgu River on both east and west bank of the town is

environmentally sensitive. The entire stretch needs to be protected from



encroachments by providing green buffer wherever possible. Gaya is dotted with hills

such as Mangla Gauri, Brahamayoni, Pritshilla, Ramshilla etc in three directions. In

general there is lack of green spaces in town. The hills and green areas within the town

play an important role in maintaining the micro‐climate of the town and needs to be

conserved. In addition there are number of tanks/talabs in town needs conservation

along with cleaning as they play an important role in maintaining the overall quality of

environment of the town.

14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS

Human settlements are frequently affected by natural disasters, which take heavy toll

on human lives, destroy buildings and infrastructure and have far‐reaching economic

and social consequences for the community. Bihar is vulnerable to different kinds of

disaster due to its geographical and topographical location such as Flood, Drought, Fire

and Earthquake.

Vulnerability of Gaya Distirct to natural hazards has been assessed based on wind, flood

and earthquake zones map of Bihar.

The earthquake map of Bihar shows that Gaya District falls in Seismic Zone III,

which is a moderate risk zone, which is moderate risk zone and earthquake upto a

magnitude of 7.0 Richter scale has the potential to hit the area. (Map 14.1)

The wind hazard map of Bihar shows that Gaya District falls in moderate risk zone

with cyclonic wind velocities around 39 m/s. (Map 14.2)

The flood hazard map of Bihar shows that Gaya is not susceptible to any major

flood. (Map 14.3)

Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar



Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar

Map 14.3 : Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar


| Urban Governance & Reforms i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS ............................................................ 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE.............................................................................. 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR .............................................................. 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR ....................................................................... 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ......................................... 15‐5 15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC ........................................................ 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION .......................... 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORMS ............................................................................................ 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS .................................................................................. 15‐8 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ...................................................... 15‐8 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level .................................................................................... 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS .................................................................................... 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ........................................................... 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation .................... 15‐10 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ........................ 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................. 15‐12 15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ...................................................... 15‐13 List of Tables Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,

1992. ............................................................................................................ 15‐2 Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010 ..... 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects ...................................................................................... 15‐13 List of Figures Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam ............................................. 15‐6


| Urban Governance & Reforms 15‐1

15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS

15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE

Urban local bodies/municipalities play an important role in the planning and

development of urban areas. However, most studies undertaken to assess the

functioning of municipalities in India pointed out that the performance of municipalities

in the discharge of their duties has continued to deteriorate over time. It is noted that

municipalities in India are confronted with a number of problems, such as inefficiency in

the conduct of business, ineffective participation by the weaker sections of the

population in local governance, weak financial condition, lack of transparency in the

planning and implementation of projects, etc., which affect their performance

adversely.

An important initiative of the Government of India to strengthen municipal governance

is the enactment of the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act (CAA) in 1992. Until the

recent amendment, local governments in India were organised on the basis of the ‘ultra

vires’ principle [beyond the powers or authority granted by law] and the state

governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive

decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions. Through this initiative, an

attempt is being made to improve the performance ability of municipalities, so that

they are able to discharge their duties efficiently.

While most of the state governments have ratified the 74th CAA, they find it difficult to

implement its provisions in totality. The main problem is that functional devolution to

ULBs hasn’t been supported by adequate transfer of revenue sources. Further, the

financial autonomy of ULBs has been undermined as they have to seek state

government approval for enhancement in tax rates and user charges beyond the limits

mentioned in municipal laws. Furthermore, ULBs have limited powers to institute new

taxes. The 74th CAA also introduces schedule 12th in the Constitution, which lists 18

subjects coming under the jurisdiction of municipalities. The 18 subjects/ functions

mentioned under the 12th schedule include the following:

Urban planning including town planning

Regulation of land use and construction of buildings

Planning for economic and social development

Roads and bridges

Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes

Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management



Fire services

Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological

aspects

Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the

handicapped and mentally retarded

Slum improvement and upgrading

Urban poverty alleviation

Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens and

playgrounds

Promotion of cultural educational and aesthetic aspects

Burials and burial grounds: cremations, cremation grounds and electric

crematoriums

Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals

Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths

Public amenities including street lighting parking lots, bus stops and public

conveniences; and

Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries

15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR

The organization of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar, like in any other states where

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is implemented, is done on the basis of three

tier system viz. Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Municipal Panchyats. Its

functioning is largely guided by Bihar Municipal Act, 2007.

As far compliance of 74th CAA, 1992 is concerned. On the basis of certain indicators like

constitution of ULBs, reservation of seats, regular conduct of election, constitution of

Ward Committees (WCs), District Planning Committees (DPCs) and Metropolitan

Planning Committees (MPCs) and State Finance Commission (SFC), Bihar state has

successfully complied with all except WC and MPC.

Table 15.1 presents the State‐wise compliance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment

Act provisions.

Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

State/UT

Constitution

of ULBs

Reservation

of seats

Regular

conduct of

election

Constitution

of WCs

Constitution

of DPCs

Constitution

of MPCs

Constitution

of SFCs

Andhra

Pradesh

Arunachal



Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Delhi

Goa

Gujarat

Haryana

Himachal

Pradesh

Jharkhand

Karnataka

Kerala

Madhya

Pradesh

Maharashtra

Manipur

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Nagaland

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasthan

Sikkim

Tamil Nadu

Tripura

Uttaranchal

Uttar Pradesh

West Bengal

15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR

ULBs in Bihar are functioning under ‘The Bihar Municipal Act, 2007’. Chapter VI (section

45) of the said Act defines functions of the ULBs as under:

Core Municipal Functions:

Section 45: Every Municipality shall‐

Provide on its own or arrange to provide through any agency the following core municipal services:‐

i. Water‐supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,

ii. Drainage and sewerage,

iii. Solid waste management,



iv. Preparation of plans for development and social justice,

v. Communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads, footpaths,

pedestrian pathways, transportation terminals, both for passengers and

goods, bridges, over‐bridges, subways, ferries, and inland water transport

system,

vi. Transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes, street

furniture, street lighting, parking areas, and bus stops,

vii. Community health and protection of environment including planting and

caring of trees on road sides and elsewhere,

viii. Markets and slaughterhouses,

ix. Promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities, and

x. Aesthetic environment.

Perform such other statutory or regulatory functions as may be provided by or

under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force.

Further, Section 46 mentions about some additional functions assigned by the

government as follows:

“The Municipality may, subject to the underwriting of the costs by, and approval of, the

Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, undertake any

function belonging to the functional domain of the Central Government or the State

Government, as the case may be, and such functions may include primary education,

curative health, transport, supply of energy, arrangements for fire prevention and fire

safety, and urban poverty alleviation.”

In addition to its core functions, ULBs are expected to discharge some educational,

health, poverty etc. related functions as directed by the governments to facilitate

implementation of various sponsored schemes.

Moreover, Section 47 (Other Functions) of Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 further says, after

having discharged satisfactorily its core functions, subject to its technical, managerial

and financial capabilities, A Municipality may undertake or perform or promote the

performance of, any of functions in the sphere of:

1. Town planning, urban development, development of commercial

infrastructure;

2. Protection of environment;

3. Public health and sanitation;

4. Education and culture;

5. Public welfare; and

6. Community relations.



Apparently, these optional functions based on the capabilities of particular ULBs have

been kept under the preview of law in the light of 74th CAA, 1992.

15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Based on the SPUR and information collected by the Consultants team, major functions

being discharged by Gaya Municipal Corporation (GMC) are as follows:

Collection of taxes (property tax, water tax, cleaning tax, professional tax, octroi

duty)

Birth and death registration,

Rickshaw and Thela registration and Tax Collection

Building permission and maps approval,

water‐supply,

drainage

solid waste management and sanitation

Roads (partially),

Street lighting,

Slaughterhouses,

Disaster management,

Slum Development,

Preparation of Master Plan for the city,

Development of Parks and Playground,

In addition to above core functions, like any other ULB, GMC is implementing various

government sponsored prorammes and schemes like BRGF, ILCS, BPL surveys. GMC also

undertake some self financing schemes like development of markets and shopping

complexes etc.

15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC

There are two wings in Gaya Municipal Corporation i.e. elected wings headed by Mayor

and Executive wings headed by Municipal Commissioner. The GMC functions through

various divisions within it. There are five major divisions in GMC such as General

Administration, Revenue, Health, Account and Engineering (Refer figure 15.1

organizational structure of GMC). The Engineering works related to water supply, civil

have been under one combined division named Engineering Division.



Strength of GMC in terms of manpower resources showing details of sanctioned, filled

in and vacant positions.

Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010

Designation Approved Working Vacant post On contract

Municipal Commissioner 1 1 0 0

Additional Commissioner 3 2 1 0

Executive Engineer 1 1 0 0

Asst. Engineer 1 0 1 0

Drafts Man 1 0 1 0

Office Superintendent 1 1 0 0

Accounts Officer 1 1 0 0

Tax Officer 1 1 0 0

Sectional Officer 10 8 2 0

UDC 14 10 4 0

LDC 16 4 12 0

LD Typist 1 1 0 0

UD Typist 1 1 0 0

EE AE JE

EE AE JE

Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam

Gaya MC

Elected Executive

Board (Empowered Committee) Members

Mayor

Deputy Mayor

Other members nominated by chair person

Municipal Commissioner

Health Revenue Accounts Engineering

Chief Sanitary Inspector

Sanitary Inspector

Ward Inspector

Labour

Profess Tax Officer

UDC/LDC/ Tax Collection

Food License Officer

Dangerous Trade

Market

Account Officers

Staff

Civil Water Board



Designation Approved Working Vacant post On contract

Cashier 1 1 0 0

Asst. Cashier 1 1 0 0

Copier 1 1 0 0

Electricity Inspector 1 1 0 0

Main Sanitary Inspector 1 1 0 0

Sanitary Inspector 4 3 1 0

Ward Inspector 16 9 7 0

Vaccinator 9 6 3 0

Tax Collector 18 16 2 0

Electric Mechanic 2 1 1 0

Occupation Tax Inspector 3 1 2 0

Road Sarkar 4 3 1 0

Park Inspector 1 1 0 0

Encroachment Officer 1 1 0 0

Warrant Officer 1 0 1 0

Jamadar 45 34 11 0

Store Mechanic 2 2 0 0

Hammer Man 1 1 0 0

Driver 16 16 0 0

Deputy Driver 18 12 6 0

Mechanic 1 1 0 0

Fire Man 1 0 1 0

Clerk 1 0 1 0

Peon 69 62 7 0

Guard 10 4 6 0

Gardener 18 14 4 0

Sweeper(For Office) 1 1 0 0

Sanitary Labor 784 324 460 0

Total 1083 548 535 0

Source: SPUR Cell

It is evident from the Table 15.2 that there are very few technical positions sanctioned,

for example, there is only one post sanctioned for Assistant Engineer. Same is the case

with Executive Engineers, Junior Engineers. About 50 percent of the sanctioned posts

are shown as vacant. Actually ULBs incur more expenses on O&M of service with adhoc

arrangements of manpower than a trained team which goes long way to improve the

capacity of ULBs for future.

In addition to the above mentioned manpower resources with GMC, various other line

departments and parastatal agencies are also involved in the provisioning of services

and utilities in GMC area. Prominent among such organizations from outside GMC

include ‐ PWD, NHAI, PHED, BSEB, ASI etc.



15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

The Chapter 18‐Financial Operating Plan explained the over view of Income &

Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation.

After assessment of various sectors, it is envisaged at this stage that major capital

investments are required to be made on basic urban services. Such capital demanding

infrastructure facilities include water supply system, drainage and sewerage system,

roads and transportation infrastructure, solid waste management, slums development

etc.

The Consultants has been analysed all relevant sectors in detail and formulate

strategies to address all related sectoral issues to identify priority projects along with

financial aspects.

15.7 URBAN REFORMS

The main thrust of the revised strategy of urban renewal is to ensure improvement in

urban governance so that Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and para‐statal agencies become

financially sound with enhanced credit rating and ability to access market capital for

undertaking new programmes and expansion of services. In this improved environment,

public‐private participation models for provisioning of various services would also

become feasible. To achieve this objective, State Governments, Urban Local Bodies and

para‐statal agencies will be required to accept implementation of an agenda of reforms.

The proposed reforms shall broadly fall into two categories:

a) Mandatory reforms

b) Optional reforms

All the mandatory and optional reforms shall be implemented by the State/ ULB/ Para‐

Statals within the Scheme period.

15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS

There will be two sets of mandatory reforms. Core reforms at ULB/ Parastatal level aim

at process re‐engineering through deployment of technology to enable more efficient,

reliable, timely services in a transparent manner. The other set of reforms are

framework related at State Level.

15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal

i) Adoption of modern, accrual – based double entry system of accounting in Urban

Local Bodies / Parastatal

ii) Introduction of system of e‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS for

various services provided by ULBs / Parastatal.



iii) Reform of property tax with GIS, so that it becomes major source of revenue for

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and arrangements for its effective implementation so

that collection efficiency reaches at least 85% within next seven years.

iv) Levy of reasonable user charges by ULBs / Para‐statals with the objective that full

cost of operation and maintenance or recurring cost is collected within next

seven years. However, cities/towns in North East and other special category

States may recover at least 50% of operation & maintenance charges initially.

These cities/towns should graduate to full O&M cost recovery in a phased

manner.

v) Internal earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban

poor.

vi) Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at

affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring

delivery of other already existing universal services of the Government for

education, health, and social security.

15.8.2 Reforms at State Level

i) Implementation of decentralization measures as envisaged in 74th Constitution

Amendment Act. States should ensure meaningful association/engagement of

ULBs in planning function of para‐statals as well as delivery of services to the

citizens.

ii) * Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act.

iii) * Reform of Rent Control Laws balancing the interests of landlords and tenants.

iv) Rationalization of Stamp Duty to bring it down to no more than 5% within next

seven years.

v) Enactment of Public Disclosure Law to ensure preparation of medium‐term fiscal

plan of ULBs/ Parastatals and release of quarterly performance information to all

stakeholders

vi) Enactment of Community Participation Law to institutionalize citizen

participation and introducing the concept of Area Sabha in urban areas.

vii) Assigning or associating elected ULBs with “city planning function”. Over a period

of seven years, transferring all special agencies that deliver civic services in urban

areas to ULBs and creating accountability platforms for all urban civic service

providers in transition.

* Note: In respect of schemes relating to water supply and sanitation, the under

mentioned State level mandatory reforms may be taken as optional

reforms:

i. Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling Act

ii. Reform of Rent Control Act



15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS

i) Revision of bye‐laws to streamline the approval process for construction of

buildings, development of sites, etc.

ii) Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of agricultural

land for non‐agricultural purposes.

iii) Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs.

iv) Earmarking at least 20‐25% of developed land in all housing projects (both

Public and Private Agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of cross

subsidization.

v) Introduction of computerization process of registration of land and property.

vi) Revision of bye‐laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in all buildings

and adoption of water conservation measures.

vii) Bye‐laws for reuse of recycled water

viii) Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in establishment by bringing out voluntary

retirement schemes, non‐filling up of posts falling vacant due to retirement etc.,

and achieving specified milestones in this regard.

ix) Structural reforms

x) Encouraging Public Private Partnership

Note: Any two optional reforms to be implemented together by State & ULBs /

Parastatal in each year.

15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS

Since these reforms are envisaged to be implemented in all the local bodies in the

country, instead of dictated by the Central and State government, the Local body needs

to adopt a proactive approach to undertake the implementation of some of the

reforms. This will facilitate the local body to improve their managerial, financial and

service delivery functions in an efficient and effective manner, make urban governance

citizen friendly and also provide transparent urban governance.

15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation

With the Stakeholder consultation of all officials of Gaya Municipal Corporation and

observations on functioning of the Urban Local Body, it has been established that the

urban local body has made efforts to implement some of the mandatory reforms.

Agenda‐wise status of mandatory reforms at urban local body as under:

a) Accrual‐based double entry system of accounting: Presently Gaya Municipal

Corporation is planning to initiate the double accounting system and computerized

and online tax collection system. Gaya Municipal Corporation is in the process to

develop and prepare the website for Municipal Corporation where online tax



payment system will be possible. At the present situation Municipal Corporation is

using single entry cash basis accounting system records transactions only on receipt

and payment of cash (for income and expenditure items) and not when such income

and expenses accrue to ULBs. As a result, an analysis of the true and fair view of the

activities of the ULBs is not possible as income accrued and expenditure incurred,

are not clearly reflected in the financial statements of the ULBs. Whereas, under

double entry system all income and expenses relating only to a particular

accounting period are recorded clearly and separately, whether these have been

actually received or paid. This system of accounting is well accepted by the Financial

Institutions, lending agencies and all other outside bodies.

It was reported that municipal personnel were started given training by SPUR with

State Government’s permission on Budgeting, Revenue Generation Agendas and

Urban Reform but accrual based double entry accounting system will start later.

b) E‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS for various services: Gaya

Municipal Council (GMC) has partially been computerised. GMC is successfully able

to create few important data‐bases and implement some of the MIS activities. The

Municipal Information System (MIS) is an accurate database giving all the details of

the municipal services, personnel and financial status of the municipalities. The

GMC has partially computerised the billing section of Municipal Corporation. The

ULB has already realised the impacts of computerisation. The tax collection

reportedly has increased Rs. 162.60 lakhs to 250.51 lakhs from 2005‐06 to 2007‐08.

In 2008‐09 financial years it was 247.11 Lakhs.

The capacity building activity started recently in Gaya Municipal Corporation. There

has been lack of motivation on part of municipal employees. This poses a challenge

for the municipal management authorities and needs to be taken care of on urgent

basis.

c) Reform of property tax with GIS: As regard to GIS application in municipal

functions, GMC is yet to make any headway. GIS mapping of properties and utilities

need to be done to manage municipal affairs spatially including property tax

collection. With the permission of Bihar State Government GIS applications and

Mapping system will be start shortly in Gaya.

d) Levy of reasonable user charges: There is no water meters installed in Gaya

Municipal Corporation. Rs. 750 is charged as water connection charges on every

new connection. GMC also collects some marginal amount as consolidated tax (for

cleaning, fire fighting and street lighting). Local body officials are of the view that

levying any further taxes are not feasible due to socio‐political reasons.



e) O&M cost recovery in a phased manner: Very small percentage of total O&M cost

on water supply is recovered through levying water tax. A marginal cost is recovered

through consolidated tax.

f) Earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban poor: GMC is

not able to spend amount from local budget on basic services for urban poor.

g) Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at affordable

prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation etc.: Due to financial scarcity,

GMC is not able to take up any development works from its internal budget and

implements only government sponsored projects targeting urban poor.

15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation

Gaya Municipal Corporation is not able to take up optional reforms due to lack of

human and financial resources, weak operation and maintenance system, lack of E‐

governance system etc. It has been mentioned earlier that the local body is facing lot of

difficulties due to shortage of qualified, skilled manpower as various technical post are

lying vacant. Out of 1083 sanctioned posts and approved posts 535 (about 50%) are

vacant.


The issues related to Urban Reforms at Municipal Corporation of Gaya are as under:

Various mandatory reforms at local body level are not being implemented

because of shortage of qualified and skilled manpower in the organisation;

Computerisation of the database is in place only for few of the aspects;

Capacity building activities have been recently started;

Levying user charges to recover O&M cost is a typical problem in any municipal

organisation of this size. It further gets complicated due to socio‐political

interference;

GIS mapping of properties and utilities to improve tax collection and

management could not be taken up yet due to lack of funds to create database;

There are no formal City Civic Centres for citizens of Gaya at convenient places.

If such city civic centres are established at strategic locations along with

improved basic service provisions, it will directly improve image of the local

body on one hand instill confidence in citizenry on the other which in turn raise

willingness to pay increased user charges thereby improving cost recovery of

basic services offered by GMC.

Small size of budget doesn’t permit local body to take up any welfare projects

for urban poor from its own resources.

Efforts have been started to implement the mandatory reforms whereas GMC

yet to take any way forward for implementing optional reforms.



15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED

While appreciating efforts made by GMC towards taking up municipal reforms in the

past, we strongly recommend further making renewed sincere efforts to implement

reforms. It is in the interest of local body to implement reforms to access funds

available with central and state governments. With a view to strengthen and enable the

local body to implement reform agenda, following proposed projects are expected to

bring in the desired reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation.

The strategy to implement recommended reforms shall be to fund following projects

enabling local body to manage its affairs efficiently and in transparent manner. These

efforts along with refurbished and provisioning of adequate basic infrastructure

facilities are expected to strengthen the financial status of local body and shall make

the entire municipal functions sustainable. This will increase confidence of citizenry in

capabilities of GMC.

Table 15.3: Identified Projects

S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

Qty Qty Qty

1 Double Entry Accounting System (software & training)

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

2 E‐Governance (IT application‐GIS, MIS) Phase‐I ‐ ‐

3 Capacity Buildings and Training Programmes

Phase‐I ‐ ‐

4 Decentralised Complaint Redressed Phase‐I ‐ ‐

5 Contingencies Phase‐I ‐ ‐


| City Vision, Goals & Strategies i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES .......................................................... 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 16‐1 16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS............................................................................... 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 ..................................................................................... 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ...................................................................................... 16‐3 16.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .............................................................................. 16‐4


| City Vision, Goals & Strategies 16‐1

16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES

16.1 BACKGROUND

On the basis of detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT and vision for the Gaya city discussed

during multiple stakeholders’ consultations in stages, every time modifying the

statement incorporating the feedback and aspirations of the various stakeholders as a

strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision; this chapter is intended to

show city level SWOT, city vision and city level goals and strategies in comprehensive

manner. The detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT, sectoral vision and sectoral goals and

strategies have been discussed in all respective chapters.

Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is the key to the preparation of City

Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a

given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarises

the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,

strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus. Therefore, a vision

aligns stakeholders’ energies to work cohesively for the development of the city. All

objectives, strategies, programmes and projects must be aligned with the vision of the

city.

Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of

comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s

residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and

international levels. A realistic city vision is also a statement of intent which evolves

within the physical and historical constraints of the city.

Developing a shared and unanimously accepted City Vision is a real challenge. Balancing

the demands arising out of competing sectors of activities, different interest groups of

the town and various environmental constraints, which generally gets neglected by

individual stakeholders’, requires significant efforts of consensus building.

16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES

Strategic location and strong

transportation network with the all

major settlement within the district and

Strong potential for development of

commercial and industrial regional

center.



state and national level.

Major pilgrimage destination

Natural slope and physiographic condition of Gaya is suitable for various

infrastructure developments.

Availability of large skilled and non skilled human resource.

Presence of private sector initiatives.

Intensive tourism base as it is a

pilgrimage and historical place.

Huge potential for water harvesting and ground water recharge.

Potential for economic development

due to industries, trade and tourism

activities.

WEAKNESS THREATS

Encroachments, unorganized market

base or commercial centers.

Lack of technology to boost the economic development.

Flooding in low lying areas. Lack of organized city level public

transportation and road network system

(parking, medians, footpaths, signals,

road marking etc.)

Lack of physical and social infrastructure in city.

Over stressed infrastructure at city level.

Increasing pollution level (Water, Air

and Land).

Pollution of Falgu River Large slum population without basic

amenities.

16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030

In order to ensure peoples’ participation in City Development Planning and

implementation, wide scale consultations with stakeholders’ were held at Gaya city.

Open discussions on tentative vision statement, incorporating desired modifications at

each stage of consultations based on feedback, have helped in evolving the city vision

for Gaya city. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:

“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined

hierarchical commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure

destination with thriving sustained economy supported by quality

physical & social infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”

Supporting the above vision, a set of development objectives has been formulated.

These objectives put forward specific targets that Gaya city wishes to achieve in a given

timeframe. Sector goals have been set based on the benchmarks for each of the core

sectors keeping in focus the agreed vision. To achieve the goal set for each sector,

alternative strategies have been formulated and debated during stakeholders’

consultations resulting in identification of priority projects.



The ‘Vision‐2030’ envisages Gaya primarily a major regional economic and education

center with pilgrimage in the tourist circuits of Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir and

eventually establishes itself on tourism map of the country. The efforts being made by

the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation and Gaya Nagar Nigam in this direction are

appreciable which is reflected in continuous increase in tourist arrival. Development

and conservation efforts for rich religious and pilgrimage center and historical

structures at Gaya indicate promising future for tourism industry.

The future prospects of industries (Agro based, handloom etc.) at Gaya were one of

the important economic activity suggested by majority of the stakeholders. The

handloom industry with immense potential is being viewed central to overall

development of Gaya which can trigger the development of other associated

developing sectors including tourism.

To optimize and reap the development benefits of economic sector activities like

manufacturing industry, tourism adequate, improved and well coordinated physical

and social infrastructure will be a pre‐requisite and also to support life and economy of

Gaya on sustainable basis. Therefore, the emphasis on basic infrastructure

development such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, road, transportation and

communication etc. is well placed.

One of the basic functions of Gaya city, in addition to its fast developing economic

activities, is to serve its rural hinterland as a ‘Regional Service Centre’. Gaya offers

almost all service centre functions to the surrounding rural settlements including

agricultural marketing facility, trade and commerce, agricultural inputs,

administrative headquarters, judicial court, educational facilities like industrial

training institute, handloom training centre, higher secondary schools etc.

Thus, Gaya is expected to strengthen its economy based on tourism and industry, serve

the rural surroundings with its improved and higher level facilities as regional growth

centre.

16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Sectoral development goals have been set considering various important factors which

have bearing on its achievements resulting into realization of city vision by the horizon

year 2030. Development goals have been detailed out independently discussed for all

sectors in respective chapters on the basis of priority. While formulating the city goals,

which are based on sectoral goals and consultations with the city stakeholders, it has

been ensured that they are socially beneficial, contextual, environmentally sustainable,

financially viable, institutionally executable and politically acceptable.




The gap between existing status of Gaya and the city visualized by 2030 is to be bridged.

There may be different strategies to achieve the sector goals to realize the city vision.

Each strategy will have its own advantages and disadvantages. Alternative strategies for

meeting the gap are evaluated and selected on the basis of their contributions to its

goal, objectives and the reform agenda.

Selection of right strategy to achieve the corresponding sectoral goal is as important as

developing a vision for the city for CDP. Therefore, the Consultants through multiple

consultations with key stakeholders and in‐depth SWOT analysis of the existing status

of various sectors and experience of planning and development management of similar

towns have selected the sector strategy to achieve the set goals. While doing so, the

focus has been on the optimization of benefits to the larger population particularly the

disadvantaged sections, potential beneficiaries and target groups. Therefore, selection

of a strategy aims at ensuring maximum impact.

Formulation of development strategy aims at achieving the vision and expected

outcomes. Expected outcomes of any service provision are to ensure universal access to

a minimum level of services. Therefore, sector strategies have been formulated keeping

in view its adaptability in the given context, sustainability, acceptability, financial

viability and to ensure institutional efficiency and efficacy to achieve the vision.


| City Investment Plan i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 17‐1 17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING ...................................................... 17‐1 17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 17‐1 17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN ................................................................. 17‐2 17.4.1 Economic Development ................................................................................ 17‐2 17.4.2 Water Supply ................................................................................................. 17‐3 17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation ............................................................................... 17‐4 17.4.4 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 17‐4 17.4.5 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.6 Roads and Transportation ............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.7 Social Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 17‐6 17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums ................................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism .................................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms .......................................................................... 17‐8 List of Tables

Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ......................................... 17‐2 Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy .............................................................. 17‐3 Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply ....................................................... 17‐3 Table 17.4: City Investment for Sewerage & Sanitation ................................................ 17‐4 Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage ............................................................... 17‐5 Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management .................................... 17‐5 Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation ................................... 17‐6 Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 17‐7 Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor ................................................................................ 17‐7 Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism ................................................................................ 17‐7 Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms ............................... 17‐8


| City Investment Plan 17‐1

17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

17.1 INTRODUCTION

City Investment Plan in line with the vision formulated for the Gaya city have been

prepared through a comprehensive process of project identification based on

assessment of the physical and social infrastructure, strategies adopted and

stakeholders consultations.

The strategies adopted for achieving the goals and vision for city primarily has three

objectives. One improving the service delivery by efficiency measures, second

improving service delivery by creating infrastructure assets and third, improving the

governance aspects of Gaya Municipal Corporation. This chapter summaries projects

identified, phase wise capital investment required for project implementation.

17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING

The project identification has been done through a demand supply gap analysis of the

infrastructure and services, feedbacks of stakeholder’s workshops, consultations with

senior citizens of the town and officials of local body and recommendations of Master

Plan prepared for Gaya which are yet to be implemented. Considering the identified

goals, strategies and projects for each sector, investment plans have been prepared.

Overall investment plan for Gaya city with detailed projects for each of the major

sectors have been represented in the following section.

On the basis of sectoral priorities and financial health of the local body and funding

patterns, the investment plan has been prepared and proposed to be implemented in

three phases. The phases are as follows:

Phase‐I: 2011‐2016

Phase‐II: 2016‐2021 and

Phase‐III: 2021‐2030

17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN

Total investment proposed for the overall development of the town includes

development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste

management infrastructure, roads and transportation, social infrastructure facilities,

housing and basic services for urban poor and slums and E‐governance and municipal



reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment

estimated has been represented in Table 17.1.

Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030)

Sectors

Investment Required (Rs. crore)

Total Sector‐wise Distribution

(%) Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐16) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)


Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.7


Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09








4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46

TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution

(%) 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00

As mentioned in Table 17.1 total investments proposed for overall development of the

town is Rs. 933 Crores of which maximum (30.8% of total investment) required is for

roads and transportation, followed by sewerage system (14.9%) and water supply

system (14.7%). Gaya being a major service centre for Gaya district, traffic and

transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town and

hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply as it is the most

important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.

17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN

Major projects identified for improvement in each of the sectors and phasewise

investments for each of them are as following and financial operating plan for each of

the project is shown in Chapter 18.

17.4.1 Economic Development

Main economic sector in Gaya town is Trade and Commerce followed by small and

medium industries. Thus investments required to develop the infrastructure to support

the key economic sectors of town are presented in Table 17.2.



Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy

S. N.

Projects Identified Total Cost

Phase ‐ I (2011‐16)

Phase ‐II (2016‐21)

Phase ‐ II(2021‐30)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Renovation of existing municipal markets 2.5 1.5 1 ‐

2 Construction of Industrial Sheds / Promotion Zone to accommodate 250 household and small scale Units/ industries

25 25 ‐ ‐

3 Construction of Export/ Import Market Complexes/ Household industrial shelters, Trade Centres with Storage facilities

7.5 ‐ 7.5 ‐

4 Shopping / Commercial Complex 28 14 14 ‐

5 Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable 15 6 9 ‐

6 Dairy promotion and product processing units 5 2.5 2.5 ‐

TOTAL 83 49 34 ‐

Overall investment proposed to improve the economic infrastructure is Rs. 83 crores of

which Rs. 49 crores is proposed to be invested in Phase‐I and Rs. 34 Crores in Phase‐II.

One of the major projects identified is development of shopping complex for orgainsed

markets in which Rs. 28 crores is proposed to be invested and second development of

promotion zones for household and small scale industries for which Rs. 25 crores is

required.

17.4.2 Water Supply

Existing water supply infrastructure is inadequate and in dilapidated condition, due to

which water supplied is not adequate and hence frequency of water supply is less. In

order to improve the overall coverage of water supply, frequency, quantity and quality

of water supplied rehabilitation of existing system and new proposals for augmentation

of water supply system to serve the population of Gaya town up to 2030 has been

proposed and detailed projects identified and investment plan proposed has been

shown in Table 17.3 which will be invested in two phases.

Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply

S. N.


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Total cost of Main W/S pipeline 3.5 3.5 ‐ ‐

Fixtures and fittings (20%) 0.7 0.7 ‐ ‐

2 Total cost of distribution W/S pipeline 19.5 14.5 5 ‐

Fixtures and fittings (20%) 3.9 2.9 1 ‐

3 Construction of underground tank, pump house with 6 nos. of pump sets (Raw Water)

15 15 ‐ ‐

4

Total cost of Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity each)

25 18.75 6.25 ‐

Pumps and pumping station (20%) 5 3.75 1.25 ‐

Fixtures and fittings (20%) 6 4.5 1.5 ‐

5 Total cost of underground reservoirs 9.6 6.4 3.2 ‐

6 Total cost of filtration / treatment works 36.48 26.72 9.76 ‐



S. N.


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

(100 MLD capacity),(80 % of Reservoirs)

7 O & M, Contingency Charges (10 % of Total Water Supply Cost)

12.47 9.672 2.796 ‐

Total 137.15 106.4 30.8 ‐

Out of the overall investment of Rs. 137.15 Crores planned for Gaya town water supply

system, Rs. 106.4 Crores (77.6%) is planned to invest in phase‐I to achieve a goal of

100% coverage for existing developed area and Rs 30.8 Crores (22.4%) is planned to

invest in phase‐II to cover the serve the future development of the town.

17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation

In absence of any sewerage system in town, waste water from households flows into

open drains and untreated waste finally enters into Falgu River and other open spaces

creating unhygienic condition in town. However, to achieve the goal of 100% coverage

of sewerage system in town and to improve the sanitary condition in town, piped

sewerage collection, treatment plant and effluent disposal has been planned in two

phases. Investment plan proposed are presented in Table 17.4.

Table 17.4: City Investment for Sewerage & Sanitation

Table 17.4 shows that overall investment required to improve the sanitation and

sewerage system of the town is Rs. 139.8 Crores of which 70.3% is proposed to be to be

invested in Phase‐I to provide 100% coverage of present town. Further community

toilets and public toilets are proposed to improve the sanitation condition in low

income areas where there is lack of individual toilets and at public place. However to

improve the overall sanitation in town, individual toilets connected with sewerage

system needs to be implemented.

17.4.4 Drainage

Existing drainage system in Gaya town has limited coverage and of inadequate capacity

due to which there is situation of flooding in various parts of town especially during

rainy season. Thus to improve the drainage system of the town strengthening of the

S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Cost of main pipe line installation 30 30 ‐ ‐

2 Cost for secondary & collector line 44.8 35.7 9.1 ‐

3 Construction cost of treatment plant of 80 MLD (2 nos, 40 MLD each)

64 32 32 ‐

4 Community Toilet Blocks with bath facility 0.3 0.15 0.15 ‐

5 Public Toilet without bath facility 0.75 0.5 0.25 ‐

Total 139.85 98.35 41.5 ‐



existing drains and construction of new drains to cover the full town has been

proposed.

Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Main line (In km) 9 9 ‐ ‐

2 Secondary & Tertiary drains , length (In km) 44 36 8 ‐

3 Strengthening of existing drain (In km) 2.3 2.3 ‐ ‐

4 Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant 10 MLD capacity each (In nos.)

1.5 1 0.5 ‐

Total 56.8 48.3 8.5 ‐

Overall investment proposed for drainage system of the town is Rs. 56.8 crores. In

addition to improve the drainage coverage, waste water treatement plant has been

proposed on main drains to treat the waste water before entering into Falgu River as a

short term measure till the complete sewerage system will be in place.

17.4.5 Solid Waste Management

One of the important basic infrastructures required to improve the quality of life of

people in town is solid waste management, which is commonly poor in small towns like

Gaya. Partial door to door collection, inadequate secondary collection and segregation,

inefficient transportation and absence of scientific disposal of waste creates filthy

situation in town. Thus reorgaisation of whole solid waste management system needs

to be done in town for which Rs. 68.76 crores has been proposed to be invested.

Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Solid Waste Management (Operation & Management)

36.9 36.9 ‐ ‐

2 Vehicles and Equipments (In nos.) 19.79 7.9 7.916 3.96

3 Landfill site development 0.11 0.11 ‐ ‐

4 Cost Index and Contigencies (In %) 11.9 4.8 4.7496 2.37

Total 68.76 49.76 12.67 6.33

17.4.6 Roads and Transportation

Roads and transport infrastructure becomes important for the town as it supports the

economy of the town. City Investment Plan for improving the roads and transportation

of the Gaya town has been presented in Table 17.7.



Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. Crores)

1 Up gradation of Bus Terminal 24 24 ‐ ‐

2 Truck Terminal 35 35 ‐ ‐

3 Footpaths (Rs. 1000 / sq. m.) 7.5 4.5 3 ‐

4 Parking lots (6 nos.) 90 30 45 15

5 Construction of passenger sheds 1 0.6 0.4 ‐

6 Up‐gradation and Strengthening of roads within the city and for missing links.

46.8 35.1 11.7 ‐

7 Construction of R.C.C. Bridge 15 15 ‐

8 Construction of ring road 18 18 ‐

9 New road construction 15 ‐ 9 6

10 Repairing of the city road 25 15 10 ‐

11 Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc

0.32 0.22 0.1 ‐

12 Foot Over Bridge 1 0.5 0.5 ‐

13 Junction and traffic signal improvement 8 4 4 ‐

14 Comprehensive Mobility Plan 0.75 ‐ 0.75 ‐

15 Conventional Street Lights 4.1 4.1

16 Solar Lights 5.5 5.5

Total 296.97 173.52 102.45 21.0

Overall investment proposed to improve roads and transportation for the Gaya city is

Rs. 296.97 Crores of which Rs. 173.5 Crores (58.4%) will be required in Phase‐I, 34.5%

of overall investment will be required in Phase‐II and rest will be required in Phase‐III.

To take care of immediate concerns, strengthening and repairing of existing roads has

been proposed to be done on priority. Further a ring road has been proposed to ease

the congestion in town due to through traffic passing from Gaya. In addition transport

infrastructure such as bus terminal, truck terminal, parking lots, passenger sheds have

been proposed to be develop to strengthen the transportation system of Gaya.

17.4.7 Social Infrastructure

Presence of social infrastructure along with the physical infrastructure is important to

have a quality life in any town. There is lack of recreational and open spaces in Gaya

which is important for good living environment. Thus various types of social

infrastructure such as city level park, neighbourhood parks, multipurpose halls, fire

station, cremation ground etc. are proposed to develop for which overall investment of

Rs. 35.8 Crores has been estimated. Project wise investments required are presented in

Table 17.8.



Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure


Phase‐I

(2011‐16)

Phase‐II

(2016‐21)

Phase‐III

(2021‐30)

(Rs. In Crore)

1 Multipurpose Community Hall 5 2 1.5 1.5

2 Neighbourhood Parks 4.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

3 Recreational Centers 7.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

4 City Park 3 1.5 1.5

5 Night Shelters, Beggar’s Home 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.1

6 Welcome Gate/Check Post 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.05

7 Fire Station 15 10 5

8 Cremation Ground 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Total 35.8 17.85 12.2 5.75

17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums

Development of housing and basic infrastructure services for urban poor and slum

inhabitants is focus of the State Government and Central Government. In this view

special programmes like BSUP, IHSDP and DFID are under implementation in various

small and medium towns. Thus to improve the living condition of slum dwellers it has

been proposed that all the infrastructure provided in slums should be at par with the

other parts of the town and will be taken care while developing the infrastructure in

town. Investment proposed to improve the housing condition in slums is of Rs. 47.4

crores.

Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Provision of Housing 47.37 15 17.37 15

Total 47.37 15 17.37 15

17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism

Gaya is a mainly a prigrim center who comes to offer funerary offerings (or pinds) at the

Ghats along the river and pray for the souls of their ancestors. There are number of

religious tourist sites in Gaya which needs to renovated, conserved as heritage sites and

developed to attract tourists. Thus overall investment required to be invested for

heritage conservation and tourism development is Rs. 63 Crores, details of which are

presented in Table 17.10.

Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism

S.N Projects Identified Total Cost

Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Conservation & Development of Vishnupad , Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar, Sitakund

8 8 ‐ ‐

2 Redevelopment & Up gradation of Pilgrimage and all Heritage Sites and Sarovars

25 25 ‐ ‐



3 Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)

30 8 22 ‐

Total 63 41 22 ‐

17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms

Development of E‐Governance system and implementation of reforms are important to

increase the capacity of the local bodies to implement the development projects and to

maintain the infrastructure developed. Major projects identified for e‐governance and

reforms implementation are development of double entry accounting system, MIS and

GIS implementation etc. which will make the functioning of local body more organised

and improve the efficiency of revenue collection by local body. In this view an

investment plan of Rs. 4.32 Crores has been proposed which has been shown in Table

17.11.

Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms


Phase‐I (2011‐16)

Phase‐II (2016‐21)


(Rs. In Crore)

1 Double Entry Accounting System (software & training)

0.25 0.25 ‐

2 E‐Governance (IT application‐GIS, MIS) 0.98 0.98 ‐

3 Capacity Buildings and Training Programmes

2 2 ‐

4 Decentralised Complaint Redressal 0.37 0.37 ‐

5 Contingencies 0.72 0.72 ‐

Total 4.32 4.32 ‐


| Financial Operating Plan i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ................................................................... 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO ..................................................... 18‐1 18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE .................................................................................. 18‐1 18.4 REVENUE INCOME ......................................................................................... 18‐1 18.4.1 Growth of Income ......................................................................................... 18‐2 18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ................................................................................ 18‐3 18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT ........................................................................................... 18‐4 18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................... 18‐5 18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT .......................................................................... 18‐6 18.9 FUNDING PATTERN ........................................................................................ 18‐7 18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) 18‐10 18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐10 18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials ............................................ 18‐10 18.11.2 Financial Projections ................................................................................... 18‐11 18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II .................................... 18‐13 List of Tables

Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) .................................... 18‐2 Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation .......................... 18‐2 Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation ......................... 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area ...................................... 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ............................ 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%) ....................................................................... 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh) .............................................................................. 18‐4 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ................................................................................. 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ................................................................................................... 18‐5 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ....................................... 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases ................................................................... 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I ................................................................... 18‐7 Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II ................................................................... 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III .................................................................. 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources18‐9 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ............................ 18‐10 Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC .......... 18‐11 Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh) 18‐11 Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh) ........................... 18‐12 Table 18.21: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives .......................... 18‐13


| Financial Operating Plan 18‐1

18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

18.1 INTRODUCTION

The Financial Operating Plan has two parts – the first part is the examination of financial

conditions of Gaya Municipal Corporation with the help of financial data obtained from

the budgetary statements for the period from 2008‐09 to 2010‐11 and the other part is

forecasting of income and expenditure to determine the level of monetary support the

Gaya Municipal Corporation may render from their own sources for different projects

to be undertaken under the aegis of Municipal Corporation. The second part also

includes the capital budgeting of the projects are to be undertaken.

18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO

The examination of financial conditions is done by analyzing data on income and

expenditure for the period 2008‐09 to 2010‐11 obtained from SPUR. (Annexure IV, V &

VI)

18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE

The Gaya Municipal Corporation has broadly two sources of income, viz. revenue, and

transfer from the government. The income from revenue sources can be considered as

“own source” or own resource and it has two components – tax and non‐tax. The

Municipal Corporation has several sources of revenue income. The income of Municipal

Corporation as transfer from government includes aid, grants and scheme‐specific

allocation.

18.4 REVENUE INCOME

Table 18.1 below shows the revenue receipts for the last 3 years. The total revenue

income in the year 2008‐09 was Rs 1235.92 lakh which reached to Rs 1705.81 lakh in

2009‐10. A steady increase in tax income is not observed. The rise in tax income was

highest in 2009‐10 but after that it fell down to Rs 401.00 lakh in 2010‐11. The rise in

non‐tax income was steady except 2009‐10. The income from assigned revenue,

revenue grants etc in 2009‐10 has increased more than 50% from 2008‐09.



Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)

Year Tax Non‐tax Total

(Owned income)

Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other

income

Total (Revenue income )

Capital Grants

Total Income

2008‐09 267.57 223.70 491.27 744.65 1,235.92 ‐ 1,235.92

2009‐10 503.88 71.46 575.34 1,130.47 1,705.81 644.65 2,350.47

2010‐11* 401.00 336.00 737.00 1,164.00 1,901.00 677.00 2,578.00

Source: SPUR; *Estimated

18.4.1 Growth of Income

The growth of total revenue income is 21.5% per year. The tax revenue has a growth

rate of 20.22% per annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 20.33% per year. The growth of

total income including capital grants 36.75% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own

resources’ (tax and non‐tax together) of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 20.270%.

Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation

Annual Growth Rates

Tax Non‐tax Total (Owned

income)

Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other income

Total (Revenue income)

Total income

20.22 20.33 20.27 22.33 21.5 36.75

* Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model

Structure of Revenue

Table 18.3 gives the share of components of revenue in percentage. The average share

of tax component in total income is around 20%, the share of the non‐tax component is

less than 12%. The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 30%. The ratio of

transfer and own income components in total income is 70:30. The own income is 37%

of total revenue receipts but 30% of total income.

Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation

Year Tax Non‐tax Total

(Owned income)

Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other income

Total (Revenue income )

Capital Grants

Total

2008‐09 21.65 18.10 39.75 60.25 100.00 0.00 100.00

2009‐10 21.44 3.04 24.48 48.10 72.57 27.43 100.00

2010‐11 15.55 13.03 28.59 45.15 73.74 26.26 100.00

Average 19.55 11.39 30.94 51.17 82.10 17.90 100.00

Source: SPUR

Efficiency in Tax Collection

The efficiency in tax collection is measured as ratio of actual yield and potential yield.

The tax yield has been estimated on the basis of ARV approach. Table 18.4 shows that

tax efficiency is 17.12%, which means actual there is enough scope to improve the tax

collection efficiency.



Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area

Particulars Potential Actual

Total properties to be taxed 89622 56,378 Average ARV of properties 14,846 7,423

Total ARV of all properties 1,33,05,34,278 41,84,97,500

Holding Tax Liability = Tax Rate times Total ARV 11,97,48,085 3,76,64,775

Tax Collection 90% 49%

Tax Yield 10,77,73,277 1,84,55,740

Total Efficiency of Tax collection(Actual Yield / Potential Yield)

17.12

Source: SPUR; ARV = Annual Rental Value

18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE

Table 18.5 shows the revenue expenditure pattern of Gaya Municipal Corporation. The

expenditure in the head of salary and wage exhibits a rising trend over time. In 2008‐09

the expenditure of wage and salaries was Rs 674.38 lakh increased to Rs 800.85 lakh in

2009‐10, that is, more than 18% rise. But during the same period the total non‐

development expenditure increased more than 23%. The total expenditure was Rs

784.24 lakh in 2008‐09 and increased to Rs 923.95 lakh in 2009‐10 but again declined to

Rs 896.00 lakh in 2010‐11. The expenditure on schemes is found absent.

Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)

Year

Non‐development Expenses Development Expenditure

Total Expenditure Estab.

Administration Expenditure

Finance & Interest

Expenditure

Misc Expend.

Total O & M Expenditure

Programme Expenditure Including capital expenditure, project investment

Total

2008‐09 674.38 10.97 ‐ 27.68 713.0 71.21 ‐ 71.21 784.2

2009‐10 800.85 59.46 ‐ 20.30 880.6 43.34 ‐ 43.34 923.9

2010‐11* 774.00 37.00 ‐ 25.00 836.0 60.00 ‐ 60.00 896.0

Source: SPUR; *Estimated

Growth of Expenditure

The growth of total expenditure is 6.6% per year. The wage and salaries increases per

year at the rate of rate of 6.88%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly

8.0% per year (vide Table 18.6)



Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)

Year

Non‐Development Expenses Development Expenditure

Total Expenditure Estab.

Admin. Expenditure

Finance & Interest

Expenditure

Misc Expenditure

Total O & M

Expenditure

Programme Expenditure Including Capital Expenditure, Project Investment

Total

Annual Growth Rate (%)

6.88 60.8 ‐ ‐5.08 7.95 ‐8.56 ‐ ‐8.56 6.66

* Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model

Structure of Expenditure

The expenditure on wage and salaries is more than 86% of total expenditure. The share

of administrative and miscellaneous expenditure is nearly 7% totalling 93% of

expenditure as non‐development expenditure. The average O &M cost is 7%. There is

no expenditure on programmes/projects or new asset formation (vide Table18.7)

Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%)

Year

Non‐Development Expenses Development Expenditure

Total Expenditure

Estab. Admin. Expenditure

Finance & Interest Expenditure

Misc Expenditure

Total O & M Expenditure

Programme Expenditure Including Capital Expenditure, Project Investment

Total

2008‐09 85.99 1.40 0.00 3.53 90.9 9.08 0.00 9.08 100.00

2009‐10 86.68 6.44 0.00 2.20 95.3 4.69 0.00 4.69 100.00

2010‐11 86.38 4.13 0.00 2.79 93.3 6.70 0.00 6.70 100.00

Average 86.35 3.99 0.00 2.84 93.2 6.82 0.00 6.82 100.00

Source: SPUR

18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT

Table 18.8 shows that the average surplus of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 45%. In

2008‐09 more than 36% surplus surplus was generated, next year it was 45.84%

followed by 52.87% generation of surplus.

Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh) Year Revenue Income Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit Ratio (%)

2008‐09 1,235.92 784.24 451.68 36.55

2009‐10 1,705.81 923.95 781.86 45.84

2010‐11 1,901.00 896.00 1,005.00 52.87

Average 45.08

Source: SPUR



18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

The financial sustainability has been examined by determining the percentage of local

expenditure, that is, non‐development expenditure and O & M costs financed by own

resources, that is, income from tax and non‐tax sources. Table 18.9 shows that the

average financing rate is 69.06%, that is, in an average 69% of local expenditure is

financed by own resources of Gaya Municipal Corporation.

Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability

Year Total Own Resource Income (Rs Lakh)

Total Non‐development and O&M Expenditure

(Rs Lakh)

Percentage Expenditure Financed by own resources (%)

2008‐09 491.27 784.24 62.64

2009‐10 575.34 923.95 62.27

2010‐11 737.00 896.00 82.25

Average 69.06

It is observed from the Figure 18.1 below that even establishment costs are not covered

by own resources.

Figure 18‐1 : Establishment Cost

The fiscal of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 30.94%. The difference between total

expenditure and income from own resources/revenues when measured as percentage

of total expenditure is called fiscal gap. Table 18.10 shows the fiscal gap of Gaya

Municipal Corporation.

Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap


Total Expenditure (Rs Lakh)

Fiscal Gap (%)

2008‐‐09 491.27 784.24 37.36

2009‐10 575.34 923.95 37.73




Total Expenditure (Rs Lakh)

Fiscal Gap (%)

2010‐11 737.00 896.00 17.75

Average 30.94

18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT

Total investment proposed for the overall development of the town includes

development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste

management infrastructure, roads and transportation, social infrastructure facilities,

housing and basic services for urban poor and slums and E‐governance and municipal

reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment

estimated has been represented in Table 18.11.

Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030)

Sectors

Investment Required (Rs. crore)

Total Sector‐wise Distribution

(%) Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III

(2011‐16) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)


Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.7


Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09








4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46

TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution

(%) 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00

As mentioned in Table 18.11 total investments proposed for overall development of the

town is Rs. 933 Crores of which maximum (30.8% of total investment) required is for

roads and transportation, followed by sewerage system (14.9%) and water supply

system (14.7%). Gaya being a major service centre for Gaya district, traffic and

transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town and

hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply as it is the most

important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.



18.9 FUNDING PATTERN

An optimum funding pattern for investment proposed for identified projects of all the

sectors have been presented in Table 18.12. The funding pattern has been developed

keeping in view of government policy and programmes.

Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases

Sector Projects Funding Pattern (%)

GOI GOB ULB PPP

Water Supply All projects 80 10 10 0

Sewerage and Sanitation

All projects 80 10 10 0

Public Toilets 0 0 0 100

Drainage All projects 80 10 10 0

SWM Vehicles 0 0 0 100

All others 80 10 10 0

Transport

New Bus Truck Terminus 0 0 0 100

Parking lots 0 0 0 100

Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,

80 10 10 0

Footpath, shed, road improvement

0 90 10 0

CMP 0 90 10 0

Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement

80 10 10 0

Street Lighting 0 90 10 0

Social Infrastructure Rest 0 90 10 0

Recreational Center 0 0 0 100

Urban Poor All Projects 80 10 10 0

E‐Governance & Reforms

All Projects 0 90 10 0

Economic Development

Industrial Shed 60 30 0 10

Rest 0 0 100 0

Street Light All Projects 0 90 10 0

Heritage and Tourism

All Projects 80 10 10 0

Tables 18.13, 18.14 and 18.15 show the requirement of fund from different sources for

the projects to be undertaken in the three phases. The requirement of funds has been

shown sector‐wise and project‐wise.

Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I

Sector Projects Amount (Rs. Crore)

Funding Pattern (%)

GOI GOB ULB PPP

Water Supply All Projects 106.4 85.1 10.64 10.64 0


All Projects 97.85 78.3 9.78 9.78 0

Public Toilets 0.5 0 0 0 0.5

Drainage All Projects 48.3 38.6 4.83 4.83 0

SWM Vehicles 7.92 0 0 0 7.92

All others 41.85 33.48 4.18 4.18 0

Transport New Bus Truck Terminus

59 0 0 0 59

Parking lots 30 0 0 0 30



Sector Projects Amount (Rs. Crore)

Funding Pattern (%)

GOI GOB ULB PPP


19.5 15.6 1.95 1.95 0


55.2 0 49.68 5.52 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0.22 0.17 0.02 0.02 0

Street Lighting 9.6 0 8.65 0.96 0


Other projects 15.35 0 13.8 1.54 0

Recreational Center 2.5 0 0 0 2.5

Urban Poor & Slums

All Projects 15 12 1.5 1.5 0


All Projects 4.3 0 3.87 0.43 0


Industrial Shed 25 15 7.5 0 2.5

All other projects 24 0 0 24 0


All Projects 41 32.8 4.1 4.1 0

Total 603.49 311.09 120.5 69.46 102.4

Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II

Sector Project Amount (Rs crore)

Funding Structure (%)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply All Projects 30.76 24.60 3.07 3.07 0


All Projects 41.25 33 4.12 4.12 0

Public Toilets 0.25 0 0 0 0.25

Drainage All Projects 8.5 6.8 0.85 0.85 0

SWM Vehicles 7.9 0 0 0 7.92

All others 4.75 3.8 0.47 0.48 0

Transport

New Bus Truck Terminus

0 0 0 0 0



31.5 25.2 3.15 3.15 0


25.1 0 22.59 2.51 0

CMP 0.75 0 0.675 0.07 0


0.1 0.08 0.01 0.01 0

Street Lighting 0 0 0 0 0

Social Infrastructure Rest of projects 9.7 0 8.73 0.97 0

Recreation Hall 2.5 0 0 0 2.5

Urban Poor & Slums All Projects 17.4 13.90 1.74 1.74 0


All Projects 0 0 0 0 0


Industrial Shed 0 0 0 0 0

Rest of Projects 34 0 0 34 0


All Projects 22 17.6 2.2 2.2 0

Total 281.4 124.98 47.61 53.18 55.6



Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III

Sector Project Amount (Rs crore)

Funding Structure (%)

GoI GoB ULB PPP

Water Supply All Projects 0 0 0 0 0



Public Toilets 0 0 0 0 0

Drainage All Projects 0 0 0 0 0

SWM Vehicles 3.96 0 0 0 3.96

All others 2.37 1.89 0.24 0.24 0

Transport

New Bus Truck Terminus

0 0 0 0 0



6 4.8 0.6 0.6 0


0 0 0 0 0

CMP 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0

Street Light 0 0 0 0 0


Others 3.25 0 2.92 0.32 0

Recreational Centre 2.5 2 0.25 0.25 0

Urban Poor All Projects 15 9 4.5 0 1.5

E‐Governance All Projects 0 0 0 0 0


Industrial Shed 0 0 0 0 0

Rest of projects 0 0 0 0 0



Total 48.08 17.69 8.51 1.41 20.46

Table 18.16 shows the requirement of fund for the total investment for the period

2011‐2030 from the Government of India, Government of Bihar, and Municipal

Corporation etc. The total investment under PPP mode has also been shown in the

Table 18.16. The table shows more than 44% investment is expected from GoI, nearly

18% from GoB and 11% from the Gaya Municipal Corporation and 26% through private

sector participation.

Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources

Phase Period Total Investment

(Rs Crore)

Share (In Rs. Crores & Percentage)

GOI GOB ULB PPP

1 (2011‐2016) 603.5 311.1 120.5 69.5 102.4

51.5% 20% 11.5% 17%

2 (2016‐2021) 281.4 125.0 47.6 53.2 55.7

44.4% 16.9% 18.9% 19.8%

3 (2021‐2030) 48.1 17.7 8.5 1.4 20.5

36.8% 17.7% 2.9% 42.5%

TOTAL 933.0 453.8 176.7 124.0 178.5

100% 44.3% 18.2% 11.1% 26.4%



18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)

The income and expenditure projections based on the data obtained from the Table

18.8 for past three years. This may also be mentioned that actual data of income and

expenditure are only for the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10 (Annexure IV & V). The data for

2010‐2011 (Annexure VI) is also an estimated one, vide SPUR data sheet. Consequently,

the projections of income and expenditure based on Table 18.8 have limitation and a

projection for 20 years based on three years base data lacks consistency. However,

Table 18.17 gives the trend‐based projections of income and expenditure of Gaya

Municipal Corporation.

Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure

Rs in Lakh


2011‐12 2279 980 1300

2012‐13 2612 1036 1576

2013‐14 2944 1092 1853

2014‐15 3277 1147 2129

2015‐16 3609 1203 2406

2016‐17 3942 1259 2683

2017‐18 4275 1315 2959

2018‐19 4607 1371 3236

2019‐20 4940 1427 3513

2020‐21 5272 1483 3789

2021‐22 5605 1539 4066

2022‐23 5937 1595 4343

2023‐24 6270 1650 4619

2024‐25 6602 1706 4896

2025‐26 6935 1762 5173

2026‐27 7267 1818 5449

2027‐28 7600 1874 5726

2028‐29 7933 1930 6003

2029‐30 8265 1986 6279

18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)

18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials

SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and

expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of

GMC which are presented in Table 18.18.



Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC

SN Particulars Remarks

Total Receipts

1 Total Tax Revenues


2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues


3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (1+2)

4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth

5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants)

Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)

6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth

7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth

Total Expenditure

1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growth Source: SPUR

18.11.2 Financial Projections

The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the

period 2011‐2030 is given below Table 18.19. The expected income and expenditure

projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained

from SPUR (Annexure VI). Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the

expected income and expenditure estimations of GMC for the rest of the period (from

2016‐17 to 2029‐30) has been calculated.

Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)




2011‐12 2197 979 1218

2012‐13 2496 1028 1468

2013‐14 2798 1079 1719

2014‐15 3101 1132 1969

2015‐16 3408 1188 2220

2016‐17 3708 1238 2470

2017‐18 4011 1290 2721

2018‐19 4314 1342 2971

2019‐20 4616 1394 3222

2020‐21 4919 1447 3472

2021‐22 5222 1499 3723

2022‐23 5524 1551 3973

2023‐24 5827 1603 4224






2024‐25 6130 1655 4474

2025‐26 6432 1708 4725

2026‐27 6735 1760 4975

2027‐28 7038 1812 5226

2028‐29 7341 1864 5476

2029‐30 7643 1916 5727

During all the years of investments of Corporation under its usual course of operations

and those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of

revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations

in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered. Growth

rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very conservatively.

Table 18.20 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern the

Corporation will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The

projected pattern of income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to

cover its share of investment.

The requirement of Rs 6950 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be

available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of

funds Rs. 5320 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 140 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by

surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively. The requirement of total

investment amount Rs 12410 lakh by Gaya Municipal Corporation is actually generated

within the period 2011‐12 to 2029‐30.

Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh)

YEAR SURPLUS CUMULATIVE SURPLUS

REQUIREMENT OF FUND BY NIGAM FOR INVESTMENT

BALANCE AFTER INVESTMENT

2011‐12 1218 1218

6950

2012‐13 1468 2686

2013‐14 1719 4405

2014‐15 1969 6374

2015‐16 2220 8594 1644

2016‐17 2470 4114

5320

4114

2017‐18 2721 6835 6835

2018‐19 2971 9806 9806

2019‐20 3222 13028 13028

2020‐21 3472 16501 16501

2021‐22 3723 20223 14903

2022‐23 3973 18877

140

18877

2023‐24 4224 23100 23100

2024‐25 4474 27575 27575

2025‐26 4725 32300 32300

2026‐27 4975 37275 37275

2027‐28 5226 42501 42501

2028‐29 5476 47977 47977

2029‐30 5727 53704 53564



18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II

The following Table 18.21 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based

surplus estimation by Alternate‐I is nearly 9% higher than surplus estimated based on

SPUR’s assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence,

the funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of GMC

has been considered based Alternate‐II.

Table 18.21: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives

Rs in Lakh




Surplus

2011‐12 1300 1218 6.69

2012‐13 1576 1468 7.37

2013‐14 1853 1719 7.78

2014‐15 2129 1969 8.15

2015‐16 2406 2220 8.38

2016‐17 2683 2470 8.62

2017‐18 2959 2721 8.76

2018‐19 3236 2971 8.92

2019‐20 3513 3222 9.02

2020‐21 3789 3472 9.14

2021‐22 4066 3723 9.22

2022‐23 4343 3973 9.31

2023‐24 4619 4224 9.36

2024‐25 4896 4474 9.43

2025‐26 5173 4725 9.48

2026‐27 5449 4975 9.54

2027‐28 5726 5226 9.57

2028‐29 6003 5476 9.62

2029‐30 6279 5727 9.65


| Plan Monitoring and Review i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ............................................................ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ........................................................................................ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ................................................................................................. 19‐2


| Plan Monitoring and Review 19‐1

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW

19.1 INTRODUCTION

Plan monitoring has two main objectives:

The socio‐economic and functional efficiency of the performance of human

settlement has to be monitored and evaluated so that changes required to

improve the quality of life could be identified and put into action through the

appropriate measures.

The plan should be continuously made responsive to the emerging socio‐

economic forces.

To achieve this object there should be monitoring system in the plan implementation

frame work. There is reasonable possibility of arresting the unintended developments

taking place in the City through effective monitoring. This is based on the following

proposition:

No long range urban development plan can be implemented as it is.

The plan should be responsive to the happenings and emerging socio‐economic

and other forces during the plan implementation period.

Time lags between the happenings and the emerging Socio‐economic forces and

the plan responses create accentuating conditions of un‐intended growth.

The responsive plan to check the unintended growth needs a scientific

monitoring frame.

Monitoring frame is required to evaluate the achievement of physical targets

prescribed in the plan and identification of physical and socio‐economic change in the

city to review the plan policies.

There could be very large number of aspects in case of physical targets to judge the

performance of various sectors. For systematic and precise working, physical targets for

some selected aspects can be worked out in consultation with the local body. The

physical targets are to be monitored yearly, 5 yearly or in the midterm. This will provide

a scale to assess the achievement in different sectors for the city development. Service

level benchmark in the city will be the best judge for satisfactory implementation of

proposed projects and policies in a given timeframe.


| Plan Monitoring and Review 19‐2

19.2 MONITORING UNIT

A monitoring unit with the modern data processing facilities should be created which

would be responsible for collection of primary and secondary data, its analysis and

bringing the important changes to the notice of the authority comprehensively once in

a year. Standard formats shall have to be worked out by this unit for the purpose of

meaningful comparison and to monitor change. This unit should be under technical

expert or independent consultant.

19.3 PLAN REVIEW

The plan monitoring would provide sufficient material for any modifications required in

the plan. Any other aspects because of emerging socio‐economic and physical forces

could be taken from study and to review the plan proposals. A comprehensive review

encompassing all aspects should be taken up after 5 years of implementation of the

development/ master plan.

It is the detailed development projects which ultimately create environment‐good or

bad. During the plan implementation, all aspects of development i.e. housing,

transport, work centers, recreation, infrastructure, etc. need study and research to

make the plan effective in providing high quality living environment. Consultant should

be constantly doing these studies, research and monitoring work to make planning a

firm instrument for the development of this City.

Converting Dreams into Reality

Realizing the vision requires mobilization of the people. Implementing a people based

development strategy, infrastructure development, building capacity, and responsive

administration and governance will attract significant investment and open up avenues

for the development of the region. Capacity development of the people should equip

them to take advantage of the expansion in manufacturing and services. The strategy of

development outlined in the document, thus, can promote all encompassing

development in the region to realize the vision of achieving peace and prosperity.

The six components of the strategy described earlier are interdependent and therefore,

need to be designed and implemented concurrently. Maximizing self governance is

critical to establishing peace and development and the latter contributes to improved

governance.

Development requires infrastructure and capacity development. All these can be done

only when there is an appropriate environment for which responsive administration is

necessary. Gaya Municipal Corporation may entrust monitoring, capacity building and

PPP modeling to capable consultant to help and guide GMC in its day to day efficient

functioning and time bound implementation programme.


| Stakeholder Consultations i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS .................................................................. 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP .......................................................... 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 20‐3


| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐1

20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

20.1 INTRODUCTION

The City Development Plan involves articulating a clear vision for the city over the next

25 years with the active participation of the stakeholders and subsequently

implementing the vision articulated by them. The objective of the involvement of

stakeholder and endorsement by the local body is to hold them accountable for their

mission statements, actions and expected outcomes.

Identification of the stakeholders is an important aspect as their inputs will be valuable

for the process of preparation of city development plan. Stakeholders should cover a

wide variety and various levels of people representing different groups of town and

contributing to the development of town in various ways. Thus, the stakeholders

identified in consultation with concerned officials of Municipal Council considering the

representatives of major groups. The stakeholders of the one‐day workshop included

the following:

Minister of State for Urban Development and Housing Department,

Government of Bihar

MLA, Gaya city

Mayor, Gaya city

Deputy Mayor, Gaya city

Officials from Gaya Municipal Corporation

Elected Representatives

Officials from the line departments

Representatives from NGOs/ CBOs, etc

Representatives from the Media

Senior Citizens and other prominent people from the city

The complete list of participants of the workshop is provided as Annexure VII.

20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP

There were three stages in which consultation workshops had to be organized to take

suggestions/feedbacks from stakeholders during preparation of City Development Plan.

All the workshops were organized in Siddhartha International, Gaya on important

milestones of the project, details of which are as follows:



Stage Workshop Agenda Date of Workshops Held

I First Workshop 27th August 2010

II Second Workshop on City Vision & Sector Goals 30th January 2011

III Third Workshop on Strategy and Priority

Projects 3rd January 2011

In addition to the above mentioned organized stakeholders’ consultations, team of

consultants visited Gaya time to time and visits the town; discuss the issues with the

municipal officials and other citizenery of the town.

The presentation made during the workshop by the Consultants was well received by

the participants and helped them understand the importance of the project for the

planned development of their city. During the consultations, stakeholders actively

participated and mentioned about the issues in town and explain their vision about

their city Gaya.

20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP

The overall objectives of the one‐day workshop organized thrice in Gaya town are as

under:

Definition of City Development Plan

Objectives of CDP

Methodology of CDP

Expected outcome of the CDP

Reconnaissance surveys and observations

Discussion on characteristics, potentials and broad issues of the city

City profile

o City Profile.

o Linkages and Demography of City and Future Population Growth.

o Existing Economic Status and Economic Potentials of City.

o Existing City Infrastructure (Physical & Social).

o Population projection for 2030

o SWOT Analysis

Sector wise issues

Developing shared vision for the town (2030)

Identification of priority sector for development

Formulation of sectoral goals

Sectoral strategies to address identified issues

Identification of priority projects

Formulation of Development Strategies

City Investment Plan



20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP

All the participating key stakeholders were happy to know the initiatives taken for

development of Gaya City and “City Development Plan” is being prepared for city,

which would ensure speedy and planned development of the city. Suggestions were

made from various categories of stakeholders with regard to various critical sectors in

the city that need special attention. Some of the important suggestions from

stakeholders have been listed below:

All the historical and religious sites of the city should be conserved; Boundary of city should be extended is the city is becoming congested;

Conservation of Falgu River should be taken care on priority. Check dam or step

dam shall be constructed on Falgu River;

Existing drains are in poor condition and needs renovation; Sanitation of the town is poor and needs prior attention; Since waste water of households are flowing in the drains of the town and finally

emptying into Falgu River causing pollution. Thus waste water should be treated

before falling into Falgu River;

Coverage of water supply is inadequate and supply is intermittent. Thus water

supply network coverage and quantity of supply need to be increased;

Encroachment along roads, bus stand and bus station should be removed to

smoothen the traffic movement;

There is requirement of community hall in city to perform socio‐cultural activities;

There is requirement of more organized markets and shopping complexes to

reduce the encroachment of informal activities;

Platforms shall be constructured for daily and weekly vegetable vendors;

Provision of organized parking spaces is necessary to reduce on street parking; Municipal Engineer was concerned about the avaibale infrastructure for water

supply. There is requirement of more overhead tanks, underground storage

reservoirs, pumping motors, generators at pumping station, and new water pipe

lines;

New City By‐Pass road from north to south road shall be developed which will

divert the traffic load from main city road;

There is requirement of one bridge on Falgu to increase the connectivity within

the city;

Deputy Mayor of Gaya stressed on implementing the E‐governance reforms

especially double entry accounting system;

One of the stakeholder susggested to have scientific disposal system of waste and

having vermi‐compost plant.

It was also suggested one of the stakeholder that rain water harvesting and other recharging measures should be practiced to main the ground water levels.



Stakeholders showed their concern about the basic infrastructure services available in slums. Access to potable water, sanitation and roads should be made

available on priority in slums.

Priority sector’s identified

In discussion with stakeholders followings sectors have identified as critical for the

development of the town and thus were given priority and special attention in the CDP.

Urban Water Supply

Drainage and Sewerage

Roads and Transportation

Solid Waste Management

Tourism development

Housing for Poor.

Consultants discussed the ‘vision statement’ during multiple stakeholders’ consultations

in stages every time modifying the statement incorporating the feedback of the various

stakeholders as a strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision for 2035.

“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined hierarchical

commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure destination with thriving

sustained economy supported by quality physical & social infrastructure for

citizenry and visiting tourist.”

The ‘Vision‐2030’ envisages Gaya primarily a major regional economic and education

center with pilgrimage in the tourist circuits of Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir and

eventually establishes itself on tourism map of the country. The efforts being made by

the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation and Gaya Nagar Nigam in this direction are

appreciable which is reflected in continuous increase in tourist arrival. Development

and conservation efforts for rich religious and pilgrimage center and historical

structures at Gaya indicate promising future for tourism industry.

One of the basic functions of Gaya city, in addition to its fast developing economic

activities, is to serve its rural hinterland as a ‘Regional Service Centre’. Gaya offers

almost all service centre functions to the surrounding rural settlements including

agricultural marketing facility, trade and commerce, agricultural inputs,

administrative headquarters, judicial court, educational facilities like industrial

training institute, handloom training centre, higher secondary schools etc.



First Workshop



Second Workshop



Third Workshop

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF

TOWN

Chapter 3

DEMOGRAPHY

ECONOMY

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

PHYSICAL PLANNING

AND GROWTH

MANAGEMENT

WATER SUPPLY

Chapter 6

SANITATION AND

SEWERAGE

Chapter 7

DRAINAGE

Chapter 8

SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Chapter 9

ROADS AND

TRANSPORTION

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

SOCIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

Chapter 12

BASIC SERVICES TO

URBAN POOR

Chapter 13

HERITAGE AND

TOURISM

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ANNEXURES

Chapter 13

ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 15

URBAN GOVERNANCE

& REFORMS

Chapter 16

CITY VISION, GOALS

AND STRATEGIES

Chapter 17

CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

FINANCIAL OPERATING

PLAN

Chapter 18

PLAN MONITORING

AND REVIEW

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

STAKEHOLDER

CONSULTATIONS

ANNEXURE I: LIST OF CLOSED & OPEN DRAINS

S. No. Name of Closed Drains in Gaya City

1 Panchayati Akhada to Chowk Road

2 Rang Bahadur Road to Moti pehalwan Nallah

3 Mir safayat Road to Tikari Road

4 Gurudwara Road Nallah

5 Saheed Road Nallah

6 Bajaj Road Nallah

7 Nai Godam Road Nallah

8 Fir Mansur to Kochri bari Modh

9 Mallah toli to Ander Gaya Road

10 Novagadi to Nai sadak Via jain Mandir

11 Drain around Suraj Kund

12 Dakkin Darwaja to Sukma mahadev kath gachi

13 Khaba galli Nallah

14 Chanakyapuri to Anuragpuri Nallah

15 Gango Bigha via Chiriya Road to Minister's Residence

16 Tekari Road Nallah

17 Ram Sagar Road Nallah

18 Novagadi Road to Ander Gaya

S. No. Name of Open Drains in Gaya City

1 Bottom Nalla

2 Kujapi Nalla

3 Railway Cinema Nalla

4 Masjid Road Nalla

5 Swarajya puri road Nalla

6 K.P. Road Nalla

7 Tekari Road Nalla

8 Maharani Road Nalla

9 Bairagi Road Nalla

10 Mirchaiya Road Nalla

11 Chotki Nawada Road Nalla

12 Dak Sthan to Store Nalla

13 Gol Bagicha Nalla

14 Gurudwara Road Nalla

15 Station Road Nalla

16 Rang Bahadur Road Nalla

17 Panchayati Akhara Road Nalla

18 Chowk Road Nalla

19 Central School Road Nalla

20 G.B. Road Nalla

21 Bari road Nalla


22 Haridas Chaterjee Lane Nalla

23 Murli Hill Road Nalla

24 Dom Toli Road Nalla

25 Crane School Karimganj Nalla

26 Railway Line Karimgunj Nalla

27 Delha to Najrath School Nalla via Gandhi Maidan to Lodging house

28 Lodging House to Pan Nalla via Police Lines

29 Chanakya Puri Colony

30 Aliganj to Ganjo Bigha Nalla via Anugrah College

31 From Gango Bigha to Police Lines

32 From Gaya College Playground to North Drain

33 Rampur Road Nalla

34 Muslim Hotel Road Drain

35 From Circuit House to Professor Colony

36 Sujam Chunga Nalla

37 Police Line Road Nalla

38 From Munni Masjid to Chand Choraha Mod

39 Nutan Nagar‐New Area Nalla

40 Katori Road to Civil Court Nalla

41 Nadragunj Nalla

42 Ram Sagar Road Nalla

43 Godavari Road Nalla

44 Mangla Gauri Road‐ Collectorate to Madanpur Modh

45 Khaba Nalla

46 Pita Maheshwar via Malla Toli to Ander Gaya Road

47 Jain Mandir via Bahuar Chouraha to Shukama Mahadev

48 Panchmohalla Road Nalla from Rambabu Dawakahana to Andergaya

49 Nalla all around Surajkund

50 Mashan Ghat Road Nalla

51 Mansarwa Nalla to Mangla Gauri Road Nalla

52 Akshaywat to Dakkin Nalla

53 ITI Nalla

54 Musunda Mela Road Nalla

55 Railway Bridge‐Manpur Nalla

56 Durga Sthan Road‐Manpur Nalla

57 Shekhawat Nalla

58 Gaya Nawada Road Nalla

59 Durga Sthan to Surya Pokhar Road Nalla

60 Mumy Road Nalla

61 V.V.N Road Nalla

62 Saheed Road Nalla

63 Jagjeevan Road Nalla

64 Shri Krishna Road Nalla

65 Post office Nalla

66 Nagar Nigam Nalla


67 Nalla around Samaharnalya

68 Ekwal Nagar Nalla

69 Kanya Pathshala Road Nalla

70 Ramana Road Nalla

71 Railway Bridge via Bairagi to Malgodam

72 Khairat Ahmed Road Nalla

Amount in Rs.

A

Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY 08‐09 (i.e demand

raised during the year 2008‐09 only to be considered) 32,014,229

B

Total Collections (against arrears and Demand for current FY

2008‐09) of Holding Tax ‐ FY 08‐09 29,640,000

C

Est. Population for FY 08‐09 (Average of projected population of

Years 2008 & 2009) 511123

D

Projected No. of Households for FY 2008‐09 ( Est Population as

per above line / 5.5 ) Avg Family size) 92,931

1.0 Resource Mobilsation ‐FY 2008‐09

1.1

Per Capita Holding Tax Collection (Indicator as per Log frame

milestone) for FY 2008‐09 58

1.2 Per Assessee Holding Tax Collection for FY 2008‐09 583

1.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 319

1.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2009 50,800

1.5 Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008‐09 630

1.6 Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008‐09 344

1.7 Holding Register updated ( with new Building Permits etc.) No

1.8

Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY 2008‐09 (includes

arrears and current demand) 94,832,652.00

1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/09 31%

1.10 Total collection by Circle/ Ward /Collector prepared Yes

1.11

Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from Govt./Semi‐Govt/

Institutions/Schools etc. as on 31st March, 2009 2,932,000

1.12

Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases for Recovery as of

end of March 2009 Nil

1.13

Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for Holding Tax prepared

as at end of March 2009 No

1.14

Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own sources Income)

received /realised during FY 2007‐08 44,304,516

1.15

Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own sources Income)

received /realised during FY 2008‐09 ( Same as 1.21) 49,126,737

1.16

Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue staff during FY 2008‐

09 NA

1.17 Total commission payment to collectors during FY 2008‐09 NA

1.18 Per Capita Own ( Tax plus Non‐Tax ) Revenue Collection 96

1.19 Total Tax Revenues 26,756,590

1.20 Total Non‐Tax Revenues 22,370,147

1.21

Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (

1.19 + 1.20) 49,126,737

1.22 Assigned Revenues 8,482,440

1.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) 65,982,845

1.24 Other Income ‐

1.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 123,592,022

1.26 Total Capital Grants 0

2

2.1 Number of bank accounts including Account with Treasury 3

2.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis Yes

Description of Items

Total Revenue Receipts ‐FY 2008‐09 ( as per I & E statement in Rs. )

Accounting

ANNEXURE IV: FINANCIAL DETAILS OF GMC (2008‐2009)

Amount in Rs.Description of Items

2.3 Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed for March 2009 No

2.4 Daily Cash /Bank balances report available /prepared No

2.5

Advances/ Depsits Registers / account maintained and reconciled

monthly Yes

2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared Yes

2.7

Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and

available for FY 2007‐08 Yes

2.8

Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and

available for FY 2008‐09 Yes

2.9

Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII ‐ for FY 2008‐09 disseminted by

June 30th, 2009 No

2.10

Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on Accrual Based Double

Entry Basis by consultant FY‐2008‐09

3.0 Audit

3.1

Internal audit conducted regularly and quarterly reports

available by 30th of following quarter No

3.2 Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local Accounts 2008‐09

3.3 Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 13

3.4 Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 35,28,347

4.0 Planning & Budgeting

Date Budget Estimates for FY 2009‐10 approved by Board of ULB 05.03.2009

4.2

Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual Revenue and

Expenditure Report prepared or not No

4.3

Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in

Revenue

Variance report not

prepared. hence not

aplicable.

4.4

Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in

Expenditure

Variance report not

prepared. hence not

aplicable.

4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No

4.6

Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru media before start

of FY Yes

5.0

Expenditure management ‐FY 2008‐09 ( as per I &E Statement in

Rs.)

5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure 67,438,422

5.2 Total O & M Expenditure 7,121,457

5.3 Total Programme Expenditure ‐

5.4 Total Administation Expenditure 1,096,651

5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐

5.6 Total Misc Expenditure 2,767,525

5.7 Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008‐09 ( Total of 5.1 to .5.6 ) 10,985,633

5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) 108,184

5.9

Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on Total self‐

generated Revenue for FY 2008‐09 137

5.10 Per Capita Establishment Expenditure for FY 2008‐09 132

5.11

% of total Establishment Expenditure to total Revenue

Expenditure 614

5.12

% of total Expenditure on Programmes to total Revenue

Expenditure ‐

Amount in Rs.Description of Items5.13 % of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure 65

5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 21

5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) 0

5.16 % of total Capital Expenditure to Total Revenue Expenditure 1

5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil

5.18 Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March, 2009 193,983,000

5.19

Number of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3

years as on 31st March, 2009 1

5.20

Total Amounts of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized

beyond 3 years as of 31st March, 2009 74,132

6.0 Cash Flow Management

6.1

Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast statement prepared and

updated No

6.2

Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of Forecasted Income

and Expenditure items

Variance statement

not prepared

7.0 Assets & Liability Management

7.1 Data base of Assets available and updated on monthly basis No

7.2 Data base of Liabilities available and updated on monthly basis No

7.3

Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD and other lending

Institutions ( In Rupees '000 ) Data not available

8.0 Procurement

8.1

Number of audit comments not in compliance with established

procurement checklists and guidelines. 1

8.2

compliance with established procurement checklists and

guidelines. 96,317

9.0 MISC.

9.1

Actual Collections of Rental Income from Municipal Properties

for FY 2008‐09 11,135,983

9.2

Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal Properties as on 31st

March, 2009 NA

9.3 Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax for FY 2008‐09 Nil

9.4 Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on March 31, 2009 2,111,000

9.5

Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract +

Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2008 548

9.6

Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract +

Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 548

9.7

Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract+

Temporary ) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 : (9.5 + 9.6 /2) 548

9.8 Per Employee Annual Establishment Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 123,063

9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October 2010 120,000,000

Amount in Rs.

A

Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY

09‐10 (i.e annual current demand raised during

the year 2009‐10 only to be considered) 37,664,775

B

Total Collections ( against arrears and Demand

for current FY 2009‐10) of Holding Tax ‐ FY 09‐

10 50,387,745

C

Est. Population for FY 09‐10 (as per attached

projections) 492,919

D

Projected No. of Households for FY 2009‐10 (

Est Population as per above line / 5.5 ) Avg 89,622

1.0 Resource Mobilsation ‐FY 2009‐10

1.1

Per Capita Holding Tax Collection ( Indicator as

per Log frame milestone) for FY 2009‐10 102

1.2

g

2009‐10 894

1.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 562

1.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2010 56,378

1.5

Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for

FY 2009‐10 668

1.6

Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand

for FY 2009‐10 420

1.7

Holding Register updated ( with new Building

Permits etc.) No

1.8

Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY

2009‐10 (includes arrears and current demand) 102,857,196

1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/10 49%

1.10 prepared Yes

1.11

Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from

Govt./Semi‐Govt/ Institutions/Schools etc. as

on 31st March, 2010 3,303,426

1.12

No. of pending legal cases for Recovery as of

end of March 2010 1,500

1.13

Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases

for Recovery as of end of March 2010 ‐

1.14

Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for

Holding Tax prepared as at end of March 2010 Yes

1.15

Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own

sources Income) received /realised during FY

2008‐09 49,126,737

1.16

Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own

sources Income) received /realised during FY

2009‐10 57,534,115

1.17

Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue

staff during FY 2009‐10 NA

1.18

Total commission payment to collectors during

FY 2009‐10 NA

Description of Items

ANNEXURE V‐ FINANCIAL DETAILS OF GMC (2009‐2010)

1.19

p ( p )

Collection 117

Total Revenue Receipts ‐FY 2009‐10 ( as per I

& E statement in Rs. )

1.19 Total Tax Revenues 50,387,745

1.20 Total Non‐Tax Revenues 7,146,370

1.21

Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐

Generated Income ( 1.19 + 1.20) 57,534,115

1.22 Assigned Revenues 11,239,680

1.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) 65,376,425

1.24 Other Income 36,431,000

1.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 170,581,220

1.26 Total Capital Grants 64,465,292

2 Accounting

2.1

Number of bank accounts including Account

with Treasury 6

2.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis Yes

2.3

Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed

for March 2010 No

2.4

Daily Cash /Bank balances report available

/prepared No

2.5

Advances/ Depsits Registers / account

maintained and reconciled monthly Yes

2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared Yes

2.7

Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement

prepared and available for FY 2009‐10 Yes

2.8

Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement

prepared and available for FY 2009‐10 Yes

2.9

Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII ‐ for FY 2009‐

10 disseminted by June 30th, 2010 No

2.10

Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on

Accrual Based Double Entry Basis by FY‐2008‐09

3.0 Audit

3.1

Internal audit conducted regularly and

quarterly reports available by 30th of following

quarter No

3.2

Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local

Accounts 2009‐10

3.3

Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last

Audit Report 13

3.4

Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last

Audit Report 3,528,347

4.0 Planning & Budgeting

Date Budget Estimates for FY 2010‐11

approved by Board of ULB 7.03.10

4.2

Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual

Revenue and Expenditure Report prepared or

not No

4.3Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5%

of Budget in Revenue

Variance report not

prepared. hence

not aplicable.

4.4Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5%

of Budget in Expenditure

Variance report not

prepared. hence

not aplicable.

4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No

4.6

Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru

media before start of FY Yes

5.0

Expenditure management ‐FY 2009‐10 ( as per

I &E Statement in Rs.)

5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure 80,085,138

5.2 Total O & M Expenditure 4,333,715

5.3 Total Programme Expenditure ‐

5.4 Total Administation Expenditure 5,946,078

5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐

5.6 Total Misc Expenditure 2,030,271

5.7

Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008‐09 ( Total

of 5.1 to .5.5 ) 92,395,202

5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) 5,880,128

5.9

Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on

Total self‐generated Revenue for FY 2009‐10 139

5.10 2009‐10 162

5.11

% of total Establishment Expenditure to total

Revenue Expenditure 87

5.12

% of total Expenditure on Programmes to total

Revenue Expenditure ‐

5.13

% of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue

Expenditure 5

5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 187

5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) 12

5.16

% of total Capital Expenditure to Total

Revenue Expenditure 6

5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil

5.18

Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March,

2010 NA

5.19

Number of Grants remaining fully or partially

unutilized beyond 3 years as on 31st March,

2010 NA

5.20

partially unutilized beyond 3 years as of 31st

March, 2010 NA

6.0 Cash Flow Management

6.1

Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast

statement prepared and updated No

6.2

Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of

Forecasted Income and Expenditure items

Variance statement

not prepared

7.0 Assets & Liability Management

7.1

Data base of Assets available and updated on

monthly basis No

7.2

Data base of Liabilities available and updated

on monthly basis No

7.3

Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD

and other lending Institutions ( In Rupees '000 ) Data not available

8.0 Procurement

8.1

Number of audit comments not in compliance

with established procurement checklists and 1

8.2

Amount involved in respect of audit comments

not in compliance with established 96,317

9 MISC.

9.1

Actual Collections of Rental Income from

Municipal Properties for FY 2009‐10 20,472,930

9.2

Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal

Properties as on 31st March, 2010 3,794,383

9.3

Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax

for FY 2009‐10 Nil

9.4

Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on

March 31, 2010 NA

9.5

Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular +

on Contract + Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 549

9.6

Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular +

on Contract + Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2010 549

9.7

on Contract+ Temporary ) as on 31‐3‐ 2010 :

(9.5 + 9.6 /2) 549

9.8

Per Employee Annual Establishment

Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 145,875

9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October, 130,000,000

ANNEXURE VII : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

FIRST WORKSHOP

SECOND WORKSHOP

THIRD WORKSHOP

Sr.No. Particulars

ActualFY

2008-09(Rs)

ActualFY

2009-10(Rs)

Estimated ActualFY

2010-11(Rs)

Projected FY

2011-12(Rs)

Projected FY

2012-13(Rs)

Projected FY

2013-14(Rs)

Projected FY

2014-15(Rs)

Projected FY

2015-16(Rs)

Remarks

Total Receipts :

1 Total Tax Revenues : 26,756,590 50,387,745 40,100,000 53,500,000 66,900,000 80,300,000 93,600,000 107,000,000

double in 2011‐12,triple in

2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐

16

2 Total Non-Tax Revenues 22,370,147 7,146,370 33,600,000 44,700,000 55,900,000 67,100,000 78,300,000 89,500,000

double in 2011‐12,triple in

2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐

16

3Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self-Generated Income ( 1+2)

49,126,737 57,534,115 73,700,000 98,200,000 122,800,000 147,400,000 171,900,000 196,500,000

4 Assigned Revenues 8,482,440 11,239,680 10,400,000 10,900,000 11,400,000 12,000,000 12,600,000 13,200,000 Assuming 5% growth

5Revenue Grants ( Include. Salary and Matching grants)

65,982,845 65,376,425 67,700,000 70,400,000 73,200,000 76,100,000 79,100,000 82,300,000

Assuming 4% growth form FY

2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to

7%)

6 Other Income ‐ 36,431,000 38,300,000 40,200,000 42,200,000 44,300,000 46,500,000 48,800,000 Assuming 5% growth

A Total Revenue Income ( 3 to 6) 123,592,022 170,581,220 190,100,000 219,700,000 249,600,000 279,800,000 310,100,000 340,800,000

B Total Capital Grants ‐ 64,465,292 67,700,000 71,100,000 74,700,000 78,400,000 82,300,000 86,400,000 Assuming 5% growth

Total Income(A+B) 123,592,022 235,046,512 257,800,000 290,800,000 324,300,000 358,200,000 392,400,000 427,200,000

Total Expenditure:

1 Establishment Expenditure 67,438,422 80,085,138 77,400,000 85,100,000 89,400,000 93,900,000 98,600,000 103,500,000

Assuming 5% growth except

in 2011‐12 is 10%due to

restructuring

2 O & M Expenditure 7,121,457 4,333,715 6,000,000 6,300,000 6,600,000 6,900,000 7,200,000 7,600,000 Assuming 5% growth

3 Programme Expenditure ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Assuming 5% growth

4 Administration Expenditure 1,096,651 5,946,078 3,700,000 3,900,000 4,100,000 4,300,000 4,500,000 4,700,000 Assuming 5% growth

5 Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Assuming 5% growth

6 Misc Expenditure 2,767,525 2,030,271 2,500,000 2,600,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 2,900,000 3,000,000 Assuming 5% growth

C Total Revenue Expenditure (1+6) 78,424,055 92,395,202 89,600,000 97,900,000 102,800,000 107,900,000 113,200,000 118,800,000

Surplus /Deficit( Revenue)(A-C) 45,167,967 78,186,018 100,500,000 121,800,000 146,800,000 171,900,000 196,900,000 222,000,000

% 0.37 0.46 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65

ANNEXURE VI ‐FINANCIAL PROJECTION REPORT OF FINANCIALS OF GMC

Dumping place

Frequency of

Garbage

Collection

Type of

Drains

Extent of

Water

Logging

11 Harijan Toli Murlihil Municipal Piped (Legal Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca

9 Harijan Toli, Ramdhanpur

Shallow bore hand‐pumps

(private), Municipal piped

(legal)

Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Daily Pucca Negligible Pucca

8 Harijan Toli, KharkhuraShallow bore hand‐pumps

(private)Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Negligible Pucca

22Harijan Toli,

Pitamaheshwar, Chamartoli

Shallow bore hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Alternate Days Kutcha Mild Pucca

3 Bhai Toli, Delha No supply Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never No Drains Extensive No Roads

43 Harijan Toli, Bhairosthan

Municipal Piped

(Legal),Shallow bore hand‐

pumps (private)

Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


10 Harijan Toli, Bairagi

Municipal Piped

(Legal),Shallow bore hand‐

pumps (private)

Individual ToiletDesignated

PointsAlternate Days Pucca Mild Pucca

22 Harijan Toli, RamnaShallow Bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Pucca Mild Pucca

45 Harijan Toli, Lakhanpurashallow bore Hand‐pumps

(private)Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


45Harijan Toli , Ghugharitand,

Chhatthu Bigha

shallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


Status of

Internal

Roads

ANNEXURE III: BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES IN SLUMS OF GAYASolid waste disposal Drainage

Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply

source

Sanitation Facility:

Type of toilet

facility

Dumping place

Frequency of

Garbage

Collection

Type of

Drains

Extent of

Water

Logging

Status of

Internal

Roads

Solid waste disposal Drainage


source


Type of toilet

facility

34Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha,

Part‐1

Shallow bore Hand‐pumps

(public)Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Once a week Kutcha Negligible Kutcha

34Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha,

Part‐2



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Once a week Kutcha Negligible Kutcha

32 Harijantoli, Mustafabad Municipal Piped (Legal Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Pucca Extensive Kutcha

2 Harijan Toli, Bijay Bighashallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Extensive Pucca

27Harijan Toli, Delha, Dhaniya

Bagicha



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Pucca

46 Harijan Toli, Baksu Bigha Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Pucca Negligible Kutcha

44 Harijan Toli, Maranpurshallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Pucca Mild Pucca

44 Harijan Toli , KapildharaShallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Negligible Kutcha

14 Harijan Toli, KiranighatShallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never No Drains Negligible Kutcha

29 Harijan Toli, Imliyachakshallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Once a week Kutcha Mild Kutcha

Dumping place

Frequency of

Garbage

Collection

Type of

Drains

Extent of

Water

Logging

Status of

Internal

Roads



source


Type of toilet

facility

44 Harijan Toli, Akshayvat

Municipal Piped (Legal),


(private)

Individual ToiletDesignated

pointsAlternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca

9 Harijan Toli,Ramdhanpur


(private), Municipal piped

(legal)

Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Daily Pucca Negligible Pucca

47 Manpur Surajpura Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Mild Kutcha

50Gandhinagar Harijan Toli

Part‐1, Manpur



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


50Gandhi nagar, Harijan Toli,

Part‐2, Manpur



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


53 Harijan Toli, BhusundaShallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Mild Kutcha

16 Domtoli, Station RoadShallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


45 Harijan Toli, Brahmsat Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Alternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca

49Harijan Toli, Kumhrartoli,

Manpur



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Extensive Kutcha

28Harijan Toli, Katari hill

Salempur



(private)

Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Once a week Pucca Negligible Pucca

Dumping place

Frequency of

Garbage

Collection

Type of

Drains

Extent of

Water

Logging

Status of

Internal

Roads



source


Type of toilet

facility

27 Harijan Toli, Bhatbigha Municipal Piped Illegal Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Alternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca

38 Harijan Toli, Nadraganj



(private)

Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.


6 Harijan Toli, Iqbal NagarShallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Negligible Kutcha

5 Harijan Toli, Barisnagarshallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Kutcha

31 Harijan Toli, Rampurshallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Pucca Mild Pucca

50 Harijan Toli, Abgila



(private)

Individual Toilet

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Extensive Pucca

44 Harijan Toli, Khatkachakshallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Pucca Negligible Pucca

29 Dusadh Toli, Imliyachak Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Negligible Kutcha

33Harijan Toli, South Police

line



Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Once a week Kutcha Negligible Paved

33 Singrasthan Harijan Toli Municipal Piped Illegal Open Defecation

Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Never Kutcha Extensive Kutcha

Dumping place

Frequency of

Garbage

Collection

Type of

Drains

Extent of

Water

Logging

Status of

Internal

Roads



source


Type of toilet

facility

28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill shallow bore Hand‐pumps


Dumped in

Nallah, drains,

road side etc.

Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Pucca

ANNEXURE II ‐ LIST OF SLUMS IN GAYA

S. N. Ward No. Name of the slum No. of House holds Population

1 11 Harijan Toli Murlihil 134 600

2 9 Harijan Toli, Ramdhanpur 150 700

3 8 Harijan Toli, Kharkhura 164 700

4 22 Harijan Toli, Pitamaheshwar, Chamartoli 151 750

5 3 Bhai Toli, Delha 50 300

6 43 Harijan Toli, Bhairosthan 151 1000

7 10 Harijan Toli, Bairagi 171 1100

8 22 Harijan Toli, Ramna 50 300

9 45 Harijan Toli, Lakhanpura 146 1200

10 45 Harijan Toli , Ghugharitand, Chhatthu Bigha

156 600

11 34 Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha, Part‐1 90 250

12 34 Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha, Part‐2 90 200

13 32 Harijantoli, Mustafabad 128 600

14 2 Harijan Toli, Bijay Bigha 100 700

15 27 Harijan Toli, Delha, Dhaniya Bagicha 185 1500

16 46 Harijan Toli, Baksu Bigha 250 1050

17 44 Harijan Toli, Maranpur 105 500

18 44 Harijan Toli , Kapildhara 80 450

19 14 Harijan Toli, Kiranighat 20 100

20 29 Harijan Toli, Imliyachak 70 500

21 44 Harijan Toli, Akshayvat 65 300

22 9 Harijan Toli,Ramdhanpur 150 700

23 47 Harijan Toli, Bhusunda 85 600

24 50 Gandhinagar Harijan Toli Part‐1, Manpur 180 1200

25 50 Gandhi nagar, Harijan Toli, Part‐2, Manpur

180 1200

26 53 Harijan Toli, Bhusunda 100 500

27 16 Domtoli, Station Road 45 350

28 45 Harijan Toli, Brahmsat 40 300

29 49 Harijan Toli, Kumhrartoli, Manpur 90 600

30 28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill Salempur 150 600

31 27 Harijan Toli, Bhatbigha 135 600

32 38 Harijan Toli, Nadraganj 110 550

33 6 Harijan Toli, Iqbal Nagar 150 1200

34 5 Harijan Toli, Barisnagar 116 700

35 31 Harijan Toli, Rampur 110 500

36 50 Harijan Toli, Abgila 10 70

37 44 Harijan Toli, Khatkachak 150 750

38 29 Dusadh Toli, Imliyachak 250 1500

S. N. Ward No. Name of the slum No. of House holds Population

39 33 Harijan Toli, South Police line 65 400

40 33 Singrasthan Harijan Toli 60 550

41 28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill 55 350

Total 4737 26620

Documents

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2030 Gaya Municipal Corporation CDP G… · 2011 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – 2030 Gaya Municipal Corporation Urban Development & Housing Department Government