City Limits Magazine, October 1982 Issue

8/3/2019 City Limits Magazine, October 1982 Issue

1/36

]LC @CT_ GBDB^E@C KA @CT UKVJ OE]U LKS_E@D B@M @CEDLFKVLKKM_ Ko}kfcv25


2/36

]lc @cedlfkvlkkm Avk`}

@CT UKVJCV_ AKVCRSE]BFIC MCQCIKXGC@]) bfvkbm'fbscm biieb oc kacico}cm kaaeoebis) olvol dvkxs b`mokggè}u kvdbè~b}ek`s b``kòcme}s ibòle`d k` _cx}cgfcv < k` Oie`}k` _}vcc} e` }lc Iktcv Cbs} _emc. ]lcokbie}ek`) tleol begs }k lbqc b` egxbo} k` }lc oe}u$s xkieoecs akv lkse`dmcqcikxgc`}) esscm b xvkdvbg s}b}cgc`} c`}e}icm ) &Ob`$ Uk Lbqc bFbibòcm Cok`kgu Ea Bii Ukv CddsBvc Dke`d E`}k K`c Fbsjc};> Feime`db @ct Oe}u Lkse`d b`m Mcqcikxgc`}Xkieou. &_xkjcsxcvsk` Xbi Mbqemkaa) [mevco}kv ka }lc Gc}vkxkie}b` Bo}ek` E`s}e}}c)tleol lcixcm akvg }lc dvkx)oe}cm }lc bfscòc ka b lkse`d xkieouakv }lc oe}u. &E`s}cbm ka b xib` }k kqcvokgc e}s xvkficgs)& lc sbem) &}lc oe}uic}s }lc scia'scvqe`d xveqb}c mcqcikxcvsovcb}c b lkse`d xkieou fu mcabi}.&]lc dvkx teii xsl e`s}cbm akv slea}e`d}b| vcieca btbu avkg tcbi}lu i|vulkse`d mcqcikxcvs b`m }k }lkscmcqcikxcvs ka ikt b`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc lkse`d.

]lc Vc`} _}bfeie~b}ek` Bsskoeb}ek` '}lc ib`mikvm dvkx olbvdcm te}l bmgeès}cve`d vc`}s e` 588)888 bxbv}gc`}s' es e` b fsu scbsk`. E} s}vk`diu mc`kòcm }lc mcoesek` ka }lc `kvgbiiurecsoc`} Okòeieb}ek` b`m BxxcbisFkbvm }k dvb`} e`nò}ek`s bdbe`s} vc`}kqcvolbvdcs }lb} ib`mikvms ob``k}ns}eau e` b` caakv} }k vcmoc e}s }tkucbv fbojikd ka kqcv 4)888 }c`b`} xvk}cs}s. B`m e} bisk aeicm se} bdbe`s} }lcVc`} Demcie`cs Fkbvm) tleol esscm e}svc`} eòvcbscs b} }lc fcde`è`d ka }lcsggcv. ]lc VDF) }lc se} sbus)bmkx}cm e}s `ct demcie`cs e` b` b}gksxlcvc ka gkf vic b`m olbks)}lcvcfu mcxveqe`d ib`mikvms ka }lcevvedl} }k mc xvkocss fcobsc b} icbs}}tk fkbvm gcgfcvs sbem }lcu okim`$}`mcvs}b`m tlb} tbs dke`d k` fcobscka `kesc b`m e`}cvvx}ek`s.]lc se}) fvkdl} _cx}cgfcv 2 eÒE]U IiGE]_+Ko}kfcv25


3/36

Ok`}c`}s]lc p c e d l f k v l k k m Avk`}_lkv} ]cvg @k}cs@e`}l Bqc. ]c`b`}s Bsj }k Gb`bdc

Ole`b}kt` Vcsemc`}s E ) Mcqcikxcvs 8]b| Vcakvg Fvkdl} }k OkòeiCbs} @ct Ukvj Lkgckt` cvs Te` ]b| O}Eiicdbi Cqeo}ek` Feii XbsscsXcv}k Veok _rb}}cvs _ccj }k Fu Ib`m

@ct Uk"e, Oe}u$s Xc`}bdk` ]b|@ct Ukvjcvs fu gkvc }lb` }lcev slbvc ka Xc`}bdk` bvgbgc`}s.Tciabvc qs. Tkvj

6=31

4}c`bgs.

Ic}}cvsOie`}k` ]c`b`}s @k} :Qeo}egs 64

B Okàieo} Kqcv Ok`}vbo}s 2LKT ]K DC]BAAKVMBFIC VCLBF_

''@kqcgfcv 2?) Lkim }lc Mb}c ' '_xk`skvcm fu }lc @ct Ukvj _}b}c]c`b`} b`m @cedlfkvlkkm Okbie}ek`b`m }lc Bsskoeb}ek` ka @cedlfkvlkkmLkse`d Mcqcikxcvs) b okàcvcòc teiifc lcim }k mcqcikx b` bdc`mb ka s}b}cicdesib}eqc bo}ek` }k ovcb}c a s ` m e ` p skvocs akv baakvmbfic lkse`d vclbfeie}b}ek`. Ikob}ek` }k fc b``kòcm. 8

?=

?

Lkt bvc }lc sbic ka Oe}u'kt`cm bi}cv`b}eqc gb`bdcgc`} feime`ds ab_cc &Vcrecg akv b Lkse`d Xkieou. & xbdc 22.

, OE]USGEi_%Oe}u Sge}s es xfieslcm gk`}fiu) c|ocx} N`ciNiu b`Bds}+_cx}cgfcv mkfic esscs) fu }lc Bsskoeb}ek` ka @cedfkvlKKm Lkse`d Mcqcikxcvs) Xvb}} E`s}e}}c Oc`}cv akv Okg

gè}u b`m C ` q i v k ` g p } b 2 Mcqcikxgc`} b`m }lc SvfLkgcs}cbme`d Bsses}bòc Fkbvm. Bv}eoics e` Oe}u Sge}s mk ``cocssbveiu vcaico} }lc kxeèk` ka }lc sxk`skve`d kvxè~b}ek`_fsovex}ek` gcs> _i_ xcv ucbv akv fse`csscs b`m dkqcv`gckaaeoebis: -5 xcv ucbv akv e`meqembis b`m okggè}u'fbskvdb e b}ek`s. Bii okvvcsxk`mcòc sfki.9i fc bmmvcsscm }Oi]UIiGv}s) =6= T}. ??vm _}vcc}. @ct Ukvj.) @.U. 28882622'6?5.!==8Xks}}}E}E}ET 2EEE$Eti . . . . ka }R> K}u Iege}s. =6= T??}m_iEtE. @.t if}N$. @. Uk 21ENKE_cok`m'oibss xSm @ct Ukvj) @.U. 28882) b}u Iegi}E ,N_-@ 8255..k??,%Fme}kv>> ........................... ) .. ) .]kg VkffBsses}b`}i"meOkv ) .. ) ................. & >i2gIcolvp C m e } k v .............._sb`FbiolGbvi}c}e`bMevcmkv GOEEmMcseb`b`m Ibuk} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IkesANbOkxuvedl} 25


4/36

_lkv} ]cvg @k}cs

@e`}l Bqc. ]c`b`}s Bsj }k Gb`bdc]LC ?< _]BITBV] ]C@B@]abgeiecs b`m slkxjccxcvs e` Oie`}k`) tlk lbqc tk` vk`m k`c e` }lcevaedl} te}l }lc oe}u b`m vcbi cs}b}csxcoib}kvs }k jccx }lcev lkgcs b`mfse`csscs k` @e`}l Bqc`c b} =8}l_}vcc}) bvc dcbve`d x akv b vc`} s}vejcbdbe`s} }lcev ib`mikvm ' }lc oe}u ' akv`k`'mcieqcvu ka cssc`}ebi scvqeocs.]lc scqc` feime`ds k` }lc okv`cvxvkxcv}u e` rcs}ek`'3=2'=4 @e`}lBqc`c b`m =82'3 Tcs} =8}l _}vcc} e` b`cedlfkvlkkm }lb} akv gbù ucbvs fkvc}lc àbslek`bfic `bgc ka Lcii$sJe}olc` bvc s}eii oe}u>kt`cm bs `k fucvgb}cvebie~cm fu }lc oe}u$s ae`bi mcbmie`cka Bds} 6= }k vcmccg }lc xvkxcv}ecsakv }lc vcrevcm -31?)888 e` fboj }b|csktcm seòc }lc oe}u }kkj }e}ic e` Gbu)254


5/36

Ole`b}kt`2Mcqcikxcvsk .

Fu Uqc}}c Gkkvc]l c _xcoebi Gb`lb}}b` FvemdcMes}veo} b`m b mcqcikxcv$s sxcoebi xcvge}}k feim ok`mkgeègs e` }lc i|vumcqcikxgc`} ~k`c tcvc s}voj mkt` ibs}gk`}l fu }lc _}b}c _xvcgc Okv}. ]lcmcoesek` ok`s}e}}cm b gbnkv qeo}kvu akvb okbie}ek` ka Ole`b}kt` }c`b`}s b`mokggè}u dvkxs e` }lcev aedl} bdbe`s}}lc ucbv'kim vc~k`cm mes}veo}.Ibtucvs akv }lc okbie}ek` obgc fcakvcNs}eoc Evb Dbggcvgb` te}l b lks} kaxvkocmvbi qekib}ek` olbvdcs bdbe`s}}lvcc vcsxk`mc`}s ' }lc Oe}u Xib`è dOkggessek`) Fkbvm ka Cs}egb}c b`mKqcvscbs Ole`csc Mcqcikxgc`} Okvxkvb}ek`. ]lc okgxibe`}$s okv`cvs}k`c

tbs }lb} }lc okggè}u lbm fcc` e`bmcrb}ciu `k}eaecm ka xfieo lcbve`ds okòcvè`d }lc ~k`c xvekv }k e}s cs}bfieslgc`}) b`m }ls mcècm e}s vedl} }k mcxvkocss. Ok`scrc`}iu) }lc ibtucvsbvdcm) }lc `ct ~k`c b`m b vcoc`}iubxxvkqcm sxcoebi xcvge} biikte`d KOMO}k feim ledl'vesc) ledl'oks} ok`mkgeègs te}le` }lc mes}veo} tcvc eiicdbi. ]lcokv} bdvccm.Bi}lkdl }lc vcsxk`mc`}s xfieslcm`k}eocs ka }lc vcib}cm xfieo lcbve`ds ibs}ucbv e` }lc Oe}u Vcokvm b`m e` }lc Okgxvclc`seqc Oe}u Xib`è`d Obic`mbv) bsvcrevcm fu oe}u vcdib}ek`s) gks}Ole`b}kt` okggè}u vcsemc`}s icbv`cmbfk} }lc sxcoebi mes}veo} e` Ole`csc b`mC`diesl `ctsxbxcvs kìu ba}cv e} lbmfcc` bxxvkqcm.]lc okv} vicm }lb} }lcsc k}eaeob}ek`gc}lkms fkeicm mkt` }k &b gcvc akvgbi`k}eoc) `k} obioib}cm }k vcbol }lcgcgfcvs ka }lc okggè}u baaco}cm&b`m }lcvcakvc mem k} aiaeii }lc e`}c`} ka

S`mcv }lc Gb`lb}}b` F`mdc e` Ole`b}kt`.}lc oe}u vcdib}ek` vcreve`d b okggè}u$s `k}eaeob}ek` ka ib`m sc xib`s te}leè}s fkvmcvs.

Ns}eoc Dbggcvgb` obiicm }l cxfieob}ek`s scm akv `k}eaeob}ek`&kfsovc& b`m gkvc iejciu }k fc vcbm fuibtucvs b`m vcbi cs}b}c mcqcikxcvs }lb`fu }lc bqcvbdc Ole`b}kt` vcsemc`}. & E avcsemc`}s ka b ikobi okggè}u bvc }k fcx} k` `k}eoc) sol `k}eoc slkim fcxibocm e` b `ctsxbxcv ka dc`cvbi oevoib}ek` te}le` }lc okggè}u)& lc s}b}cm.&E`mccm) tlc` }lc mcqcikxcv teslcm }kae`m }c`b`}s akv }lc xvkxkscm Cbs}+Tcs}]ktcv) e} bmqcv}escm e` Ole`csc'ib`dbdc`ctsxbxcvs e` dc`cvbi oevoib}ek` e` }lcOle`b}kt` bvcb. ]lc `k}eoc xfieslcm e`}tk kfsovc xfieob}ek`s) `j`kt` }kgks} C`diesl'sxcbje`d @ct Ukvjcvs }ksbu `k}le`d ka }lksc tlk sxcbj kìuOle`csc) es `k} }lc bmcrb}c `k}eoc gb`mb}cm fu }lc Oe}u Olbv}cv. &Dbggcvgb` s}kxxcm slkv} ka obiie`d}lc oe}u vcrevcgc`} akv xvekv `k}eaeob}ek` e` }lc Oe}u Vcokvm b`m Obic`mbv òk`s}e}}ek`bi k` aboc qbic) lktcqcv.Lc sbem }lb} tleic }lc oe}u vcrevcm }lb}`k}eoc fc xibocm e` }lcsc xfieob}ek`s) e}mem `k} sbu }lcsc slkim fc }lc kìugcmeb scm }k vcbol }lc xfieo.

]lc Ole`b}kt` okbie}ek` es `mkf}cmiu xicbscm te}l }lc k}okgc ka}lc obsc) f} gcgfcvs bvc `k} bfk} }kx} mkt` }lcev bvgs. &Tc }le`j }lb} tclbqc }k gbe`}be` b` cqc` ledlcvqedeibòc)& sbem Feii Olk`d ka Bseb`

3

Bgcveob`s akv Crbie}u. &]lcu ,}lc oteii aedl} }k jccx }lc _xcoebi Gb`lb}Fvemdc Mes}veo} e`}bo} . . . F} tc btb`} }lc Mes}veo} vcsoe`mcm. Ic}$s fboj }k srbvc k`c. ]lc oeqei vedl}sBseb` Bgcveob`s tcvc mcècm. Bù}lslkv} ka lbqe`d }lc _xcoebi Mes}vvcsoe`mcm es b scii k}. &Olk`d bisk sbem }lb} }lc cs}bfieslgka }lc mes}veo} lbs bivcbmu eàib}cm bvcbi cs}b}c qbics mvbs}eobiiu.Nkuoc Gke) b}}kv`cu akv }lc okbie}eksbem }lc dvkx teii skk` gc b`k}lcv }ek` bdbe`s} }lc oe}u. E` bmme}ek` olbvdcs ies}cm e` }les obsc) }lc okbie}e`kt bvdcs }lb} }lc oe}u abeicm }k akiike}s kt` vcrevcgc`} }k sfge} b` Cqevk`gc`}bi Egxbo} _}b}cgc`} fcakbxxvkqe`d }lc bvcb akv `ct ok`s}vo}ekB sxkjcsxcvsk` akv Oe}u Xib`èÒb}ec Gbvslbii) sbem b` C`qevk`gc`Vcqect tbs mk`c) f} }lb} `k Egx_}b}cgc`} tbs okgxic}cm. Gbvslbii bmcm }lb} }l c oe}u teii bxxcDbggcvgb`$s mcoesek .

]lkgbs Icc) xvcsemc`} ka KOMsbem les okgxbù teii bisk bxxcbi }mcoesek`. F} }lc mcqcikxcv$s xvkficbvc okge`d avkg gkvc }lb` k`c mev}ek`. E` Gbu) }lc Oe}u Xib`è`d Okgessek` vcskiqcm e} tkim vcsoeKOMO$s xcvge} ìcss e} ob` xvkqc abMcxbv}gc`} ka E`qcs}edb}ek` ae`me`}lb} }lc okgxbù akvocm }c`b`}s k}feime`ds ibs} ucbv }k gbjc vkkg akv xvkxkscm ok`mkgeègs. 8OE]U IiGE]_+Ko}kfcv25


6/36

]b|'Fvcbj Vcakvg Fvksdl} }k }lc Oksòei

Okòei gcgfcv V}l Gcsse dcv) Nib`jcm fu Gevebg Avecmib`mcv) Okòei gcgfcv Nkv }lc IktcvCbs} _emc) b`m _}bìcu Geolcis kn Gb`lb}}b`$s Tbsle`d}k` Lcedl}s) b} b``kòcgc`} kn }lc e` '}vkmo}ek` kn }lc N'3+ }b| bfb}cgc`} feii.OE]U IEG ]_+Ko}kfcv 25


7/36

}lc mesxibocgc`} fu okcvoek` ka cs}egb}cm}lksb`ms kaxcvsk`s. ]lc-E_)KKKoceie`dtkim fc tbeqcm akv `k`xvkae} dvkxs)xfieoiu bsses}cm xvknco}s) b`m xvknco}sagbòcm }lvkdl }lc _}b}c ka @ct UkvjGkv}dbdc Bdcòu ,_K@UGB%) AcmcvbiLkse`d Bmgeès}vb}ek` ,ALB%) b`m }lcVclbfeie}b}ek` Gkv}dbdc E`svbòc Okvxkvb}ek` ,VCGEO% e` `cedlfkvlkkms}vb}cdu bvcbs.@k}e`d }lb} Gbukv Jkol lbs sk abv b``kòcm bxxvkqbi ka kìu }tk ka }lcscvcakvgs'fb`s k` fc`cae}s akv _VKok`qcvsek`s b`m akv ib`mikvms tlk lbqcfv}bie~cm }c`b`}s) tleol lc b``kòcme` Niu e` b s}bv}ie`d vcqcvsbi ka lesxvcqeks bmbgb`} s}bòc'Gcsse`dcvsbem e` b` e`}cvqect }lc -E_)KKK obx &e s}lc vcbi essc& }k }cs} }lc Gbukv$sseòcve}u akv e`semc'k} N'_i vcakvg. & E }

sbus qcvu oicbviu) $Gv. Gbukv) mk uk}le`j N'32 slkim fc akv vc`kqb}ek` te}l}c`b`}s e` xiboc akv ikt b`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc lkse`d kv akv bù mcqcikxcv mke`dbù vc`kqb}ek` b} bù oks};$&Nksc BoSE2b) c|co}eqc mevco}kv ka }lcGb`lb}}b` Qbiicu Mcqcikxgc`} Okvxkvb}ek`) sxcbje`d akv b okbie}ek` ka`cedlfkvlkkm lkse`d dvkxs }lvkdlk } }lc oe}u) sxkjc ka N'_i$s e`qbibficbem }k `cedlfkvlkkm dvkxs akv vdc`}iu'`ccmcm vclbfeie}b}ek` b`m baakvmbfic lkse`d akv gbù okggè}ecs.Bo`b obiicm b fikoj ka OkigfsBqc`c fc}tcc` Tcs} 283}l b`m i81}l_}vcc}s &k`c okòvc}c c|bgxic bgk`dgbù ka N'_i$s egxvkqcgc`}s.& ]lcvc)GQMO vclbffcm }lvcc feime`ds) eòime`d }lc aevs} &stcb} cre}u& feime`de` }lc bvcb) b`m 21 abgeiecs bvc vcbmu }k

kt` }lcev kt` bxbv}gc`}s e` b ikt okgc okkxcvb}eqc e` }t k kafeime`ds.&@fe}lcv }lc c|xcvecòc tc$qc lbmGb`lb}}b` Qbiicu kv kv `ccms bvc src. Okggè}u dvkxs biikqcv }lc osc }lc N'32 xvkdvbg bs tc mkvclbfeie}b}c b`m xdvbmc lkse`d sk ib`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc abgeiecs lbqc b oc`} b`m baakvmbfic xiboc }k ieqc.&Ibs} ucbv) }lc Oe}u Okòei c`boge`kv ov}beie`d ka N'32) ciege`b}bfb}cgc`} e` xvegc bvcbs ka Gb`lb}b`m vcmoe`d }lc bgk`} ka c|cgx}ee` }lksc bvcbs) olb`dcs ove}eos ka Nsbem tcvc gcvciu }lc }ex ka }lc eocfc]lc Okòei bisk mcacb}cm b` bgcgc`} fu Gcsse`dcv }k fb` _VK ok`qsek`s e` Gb`lb}}b` sk}l ka 5_}vcc}. 8 _lbvk` GoMk``cii

Cbs}@ctUkvj Lkgckt`cvsTe` ]b| O}BAaCV B IK@D B@M OLBIic`de d fb}}ic kqcv }lc e`cre}u kaledl xvkxcv}u }b| bsscssgc`}s akv iktb`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc vcsemc`}s bs okgxbvcm }k }lcev ledlcv eòkgc ok`}cvxbv}s) xvkxcv}u }b|cs akv 21lkgckt`cvs avkg }lc Cbs} @ct Ukvjsco}ek` e` Fvkkjiu` tcvc agbiiu vcmocm avkg 6< }k 68 xcvoc`}. E} tbs }lcaevs} }egc lkgckt`cvs }cs}eaecm `mcv}lc `ct _gbii Oibegs Okv} VcakvgFeii tleol Dkqcv`kv Obvcu sed`cmcbviecv }les ucbv. ]lc xvkxcv}u }b|bsscssgc`} lbs `k} fcc` vcqescm akvkqcv }lvcc mcobmcs. ]lc feii biiktskqcvbsscsscm b`m kqcv}b|cmlkgckt`cvs }k bxxcbi }lcev }b|cs akv bsgbii -63 acc. ]lc .oe}u es vcrevcm }kslkt sbics mb}b k` segeibv lkgcs) b`m)ea }lc lkgckt`cvs ob` slkt lc kv slces kqcvbsscsscm) }lc` lc kv slc teii dc} b}b| fvcbj ka x }k -4_8.

]lc se|}cc` lkgckt`cvs tcvckvdbè~cm `mcv }lc bsxeocs ka @ctUkvj$s Xfieo E`}cvcs} Vcscbvol Dvkx,@UXEVD%. Dc`c Vsseb`kaa) b@UXEVD vcxvcsc`}b}eqc) sbem) &]lc oe}u lbs kqcvbsscsscm k`c'}levm ka }lc

_38)888 lkgcs e` @ct Ukvj Oe}u.& Lctc`} k` }k sbu) &@UXEVD }lkdl} }lcxvkxcv}u }b| tbs 2< xcvoc`} fcakvcvcsemc`}s tcvc olbvdcm 6< xcvoc`}) b`m`kt }lc lcbve`d kaaeocvs vcmocm e} }k68 xcvoc`}. &

@UXEVD xfieslcm b vcxkv} e` 25


8/36

Xcv}k Veok _rb}}cvs _ccj }k Fu Ib`mE @ ]LC NS@C'NSIU E__SC)Oe}u Iege}s vcxkv}cm k` }lc srb}}cvgkqcgc`} e` Xcv}k Veok'akose`d e`xbv}eoibv k` }lc ab}c ka k`c Qeiib _e`Gecmk ,Qeiibdc Te}lk} Acbv%) ikob}cmbfk} 28 geics cbs} ka _b` Nb`.

K` Gbu 2


9/36

@cYi2 Ukvj Oe}u$s Xc`}bdk` ]b| Fu Vcq. Fveb` N. K$Ok``c@CT UKVJ OE]U VC_EMC@]_ b`m Jb}~gb` akvgib) @ct Ukvjcvs teiibvc xbe`aiiu btbvc ka }lc ikobi }b| xbu -4.5 feiiek` akv Mcxbv}gc`} kafvmc`. Cqc` mve`d }lc aesobi oveses e` Mcac`sc c|xc`me}vcs b`m -


10/36

'TKVFqs.TCIABFC

@ct Vics XvkgescLbvm ]egcs

akv }lc Tkvje`d XkkvFu ]eg Icmte}lXlk}ks fu Ibvec Xccj

Okvb Lbdicv re} lcv nkf ibs} Bxvei ?8.]lc Fvk`| se`dic gk}lcv ka }lvcc sbuslcv mcxbv}vc lbm k}le`d }k mk te}l b`uxvkficgs b} }lc Gb`lb}}b` )tkvm xvkocsse`d oc`}cv tlcvc slc tkvjcm bs b}uxes}. @kv) sbus Lbdicv) mem }lc gkqcvcsi} avkg }lc fk}lcv ka b mbeiu) }tkabvc okgg}c fc}tcc` tkvj b`m lcv]lvkds @coj lkgc.Vb}lcv) slc vcobiis) }lc mcoesek` tbsxvkgx}cm fu Acmcvbi tciabvc vicsc`bo}cm }les ucbv }lb} gbjc e} meaaeoi}akv tkvje`d xkkv Xckxic }k sxxicgc`}}lcev ikt cbv`cm e`okgcs te}l xfieobsses}b oc ' tleol Lbdicv scm }k mk.

i } es `kt sk meaaeoi} }lb}) bookvme`d }kb Ok`dvcssek`bi Fmdc} Kaaeoc cs}egb}c)2


11/36

oleimvc`) tlcvc }lc gcmeb` eòkgc kaacgbic'lcbmcm abgeiecs es lbia }lb} kagbvvecm okxics te}l skic gbic fvcbmte``cvs b`m tlcvc `cgxikugc`} lbsvcbolcm Mcxvcssek` cvb icqcis ' }lcAcmcvbi caakv}$s abiik} gbu bisk sc}}ick` tkvjcvs tlk lbqc `cqcv vcoceqcm btciabvc olcoj. &O}}e`d xckxic ka a }lcvkiis es k`c icqci)& `k}cs ]lcvcsboe ciik)b akvgcv tciabvc gk}lcv b`mak`mcv ka b s}b}ctemc tciabvc vedl}skvdbè~b}ek`) }lc Vcmes}vef}c BgcveobGkqcgc`}. &]lc k}lcv es }k iktcv }lctlkic tbdc sobic e` }lc ok`}vu) b`mcsxcoebiiu bgk`d tkgc`.&

Bmms b Fvkkjiu` tciabvc gk}lcv>&Gkvc }lb` cqcv) }lc sus}cg es mcsed`cm}k jccx b ocv}be` `gfcv ka xckxicxkkv.&Tbije d Xbxcvs

]lc feddcs} kaac`mcv e` }lb} vcdbvm)sbu }lc `ct tciabvc vcdib}ek`s$ ove}eos)es }lc vcmo}ek` ka sxxicgc`}bi fc`cae}sakv }lc tkvje`d xkkv.S`}ei }les ucbv) BM O vcoexec`}s

cgxikucm k}semc }lc lkgc okimesvcdbvm skgc cbvè`ds b`m c|xc`scslc` aedve`d }lcev `c} eòkgc. ]les `c}aedvc) e` }v`) mc}cvge`cm }lc icqci ka&eòkgc mesvcdbvm& xvkqesek`

b`mtkvj c|xcvecòc. &Eòkgcfbfiu }lc fcs} tkvj e`

xvkdvbg }lcu cqcv obgc xkfscvqcs VBG$s Aèoeciik.S`mcv }lc kim sus}cg) oiec`}s aedve`dka }lc vcgbe`mcv avkg gk`cu. Tkvj'vcib}cm c|xc scs

}lckv gkvc.

F} }lc demcie`cs egxicgc`}cm }lesakv vvek`}ls

k` oleim obvcm tkvj c|xc scs ' -218 b`m -43

ka }lc Fvk`| xvkS`}ei ibs} sxve`d) }lc se`dic gk}lcv

bfk} -158 xcv gk`}l.u tciabvc

Tlk$s K` Tciabvc;@ct U k v p Oe}u$s =53)888 tciabvc lk-cfkims c|cccm }lc }k}bi xkxib}ek` kagks} Bgcveob` oe}ecs. Tlk bvc }lc @ct Ukvjcvs `kt accie d }lc caaco}s ka }lcAcmcvbi skoebi scvqeoics xlcbqbi;B p k v p d }k }lc Lgb` Vcskvocs Bmgeès}vb}ek`. }lcu b vc 26 xcvoc`} ka}lc oE}u$s EKlbfe}b`}s) }lb} tcNabvcvcoexec`}s mk`$} tb`} }ktkvj. &]lcvc bvc `k mbg` nkfs }kmbu)& Dke`d e`ses}s.&B`mN mk`$} fciecqc}lb} }levm dc`cvb}ek` tciabvc s}aa uk fcbv. ]lb}$s fSsle}. Tlk$s dke`d }ks}bu k` akv }lvcc dc`cvb}ek`s; CqcvUfkmu E j`kt tlk$s Kiies }vue`d }lcevmbg`mcs} }k iic} kaa.'$K

}k}bi ka -323 }lb} @ct Ukvj Oe}uabgeiecs segeibv }k Lbdicv$s vcoceqc }kxbu akv fbseo `ccms b`m slci}cv. Bfk}-288 ka Lbdicv$s gk`}liu `c} tbs btciabvc sxxicgc`} f}) e` caaco}) }lc eòkgc mesvcdbvm gcbsvc bisk xbem akv lcvokgg}e`d b`m oleim obvc c|xc`scs.Tlc` }lc fci}'}edl}cè`d vics }kkjcaaco}) lktcqcv) Lbdicv abocm tlb} gs}lbqc sccgcm b` bfsvm olkeoc. _lc okims}bu b} tkvj) dc} b vcmocm tciabvc sxxicgc`} akv akv gk`}ls) }lc` iksc lcvfc`cae}s b`m fve`d lkgc bfk} -?13'bgk`}l'ba}cv }b|cs) tkvj c|xc`scs b`m

22

oleim obvc oks}s. Kv slc okim re} ba}cvakv gk`}ls) bxxiu akv aii tciabvc b}-32_ b`m obvc akv }lc oleimvc` b} lkgc.B`dveiu) slc gbmc lcv mcoesek`.&E mem`$} scc bù}le`d dvkssiu tvk`dte}l }lcg lcixe`d gc tleic E tbs tkvje`d)& Lbdicv sbus e` vc}vksxco}. &E mk`$}}le`j xckxic e` xktcv cqc` j`kt tlb} e}gcb`s }k fc xkkv.&Ae|cm EòkgcGbù ka }lc


12/36

ikkj b} vcoc`} les}kvu) b`m }lc s}b`mbvmka ieqe`d baakvmcm }lvkdl xfieobsses}b`oc) }ciis tlu.Mve`d b mcobmc ka vbgxb`} e`aib}ek`)`}ei 25


13/36

Mcxbv}gc`}) akv e`s}bòc) b }levm ka }lcvcoexec`}s solcmicm }k xbv}eoexb}c tcvcsbò}ek`cm fu }lc ikss ka }lcev akkms}bgx fc`cae}s.]lc tciabvc fvcbovbou$s vcokvm e`bo}biiu }vbeè`d oiec`}s }k }bjc k` xcvgb`c`} nkfs es icss egxvcsseqc) lktcqcv.Akv c|bgxic) @ct Ukvj _}b}c$s E3'ucbvkim nkf }vbeè`d b`m xibocgc`} caakv})}lc Tkvj Eòc`}eqc Xvkdvbg) tleolc`vkiicm 288)888 BMO oiec`}s e` 2545)xibocm kìu cedl} xcvoc`} ka }lcg e` nkfs}lb} ucbv. B`m) `k}cs Aèoeciik) &}lb}gcb`s xibocm akv aeqc ge`}cs) `k} bùic`d}l ka }egc.&E` }lc bfscòc ka b scveks okgge}gc`} }k }vbeè`d) tciabvc bmqkob}csbvdc) }lc `ct fb}ol ka tkvjabvc vcdib}ek`s es fk`m akv b segeibviu `sxco}boibv xcvakvgbòc. B`m te}lk} b`cgxlbses k` mcqcikxe`d sjeiis) }lcu sbu)gb`mb}kvu nkf scbvol vcrevcgc`}s ok`s}e}}c ie}}ic gkvc }lb` xc`bòc akv }lcxkkv. ,_ob}}cvcm vcxkv}s bivcbmu e`meob}cnkf scbvol bfscs bvc koovve`d b} ikobitciabvc oc`}cvs> e` @ct Fcmakvm)Gbssbolsc}}s) oiec`}s lbqc vcxkv}cmiufcc` mevco}cm }k sc }lc ikobi UciiktXbdcs bs }lc xvegc vcskvoc akv }lcevtkvj scbvolcs: }lc M}olcss Ok`}uskoebi scvqeocs mcxbv}gc`} lbs sc} x bvcacvvbi sus}cg$ }lb} vcrevcs oiec`}s }kolcoj e te}l }lc S._. Bvgu vcove}cv e`Xkdljccxsec bs xbv} ka }lcev rcs} akvcgxikugc`}.%

Kqcvbii) }lcev ove}eos bvdc) tkvjabvcb`m nkf scbvol vcrevcgc`}s bvc ok`}cvxvkmo}eqc) }lvcb}cè`d }lc eòkgcs ka`k} kìu tciabvc vcoexec`}s f} gbùxkkv xckxic tkvje`d k}semc }lc lkgc bstcii. Fu xvkqeme`d b vcbmu xkki kageègg tbdc ibfkv) Aèoeciik `k}cs)&tkvjabvc okim scveksiu fcde` }kmesxiboc tkvjcvs.&Tkgc` @ccm @k} Bxxiu

]lb} xvksxco} es gks} }lvcb}cè`d }ktkgc`) tlk okgxvesc }lc ibvdcs} gbsska vcoc`} eggedvb`}s }k }lc `b}ek`$stkvjakvoc.Bookvme`d }k }lc Gbssbolsc}}s'fbscmXkxibv Cok`kgeos Vcscbvol Dvkx)k`c ka cqcvu }lvcc acgbic'lcbmcmBgcveob` lksclkims `kt ieqcs fcikt}lc kaaeoebi xkqcv}u ie`c ,bfk} -5)488b``biiu akv b abgeiu ka akv%) b`m bfk}lbia ka bii acgbic'lcbmcm fiboj b`mLesxbèo abgeiecs bvc xkkv. Cqc` bs e`'

ovcbse d gfcvs ka tkgc` bvc xvkgx}cm fu skoebi b`m cok`kgeo akvocs }k icbqc}lc lkgc akv }lc tkvjxiboc) kfs}boics kankf mesovege`b}ek` b`m iege}cm scèkve}ufikoj }lc xb}l }ktbvm ae`bòebi s c p v e } u . E` abo}) vcib}eqc }k }lc xkxib}ek` bs btlkic). }lc ieqe`d s}b`mbvm ka acgbiclcbmcm abgeiecs es abiie`d'Bigks} ocv}beìu) bs ik`d bs dkqcv`gc`} caakv}s }k iege} xfieo bsses}bòc boocicvb}c) sk teii }lb} mkt`tbvm siemc. E aovvc`} }vc`ms tcvc }k ok`}e`c òlcojcm `}ei }lc ucbv 6888) }lc ok`}vu$s c`}evc _Sf'xkqcv}u icqci xkxib}ek` tkimfc okgxkscm ka se`dic tkgc` b`m }lcevoleimvc`.

B} aevs} dibòc) gbù xckxic scc b ok`}vbmeo}ek` fc}tcc` }lc tkvj c}leo

Nbojec Dke`ds) okkvme`b}kv ka }lc Vcmes}vef}cBgcveob gkqcgc`}$s mkt`}kt` Fvkkjiu` kaaeoc.2?

vlc}kveo fcle`m ovvc`} tciabvc demie cs b`m }lcev bxxbvc`} caaco}'jccxe`b ibvdc xkv}ek` ka }lc tkvjakvoc co`kgeobiiu s}bd`b`}. F} }lc sus}cgove}eos scc }lb} bs b` e`}c`mcm k}okgcE` &]lc @ct Oibss Tbv)& }lcev vcocfkkj k` }lc Vcbdb` Bmgeès}vb}ek`b}}boj k` }lc tciabvc s}b}c) Avbòcs AXeqc` b`m Veolbvm Oiktbvm bmmvcss }lxke`}. &Ibvdc `gfcvs ka `cgxikuc|cv} b mkt`tbvm xvcssvc k` tbdcs}lcu tve}c) &fcobsc xckxic `mcv fe}lc tbdcs ka }lksc ovvc`}iu tkvje`d. gbss ka `cgxikucm bisk e`lefetkvjcvs avkg gbje`d k}lcv tkvjxibmcgb`ms: tkvjcvs bvc icss geie}b`} tl}lcvc es b ik`d ie`c ka nkf bxxieob`}s ksemc }lc abo}kvu db}cs.&Bmms Aèoeciik) te}l olbvbo}cves}fi`}`css> &]lc kìu ok`}vbmeo}ek`}lb} }les es bii sc} x }k lcix xkkv xckxk} ka }lcev gcss.& 8

OE]U IiGE]_+Ko}kfcv25


14/36

OE]U IEGE]_+Ko}kfcv 25


15/36

i` ocv}be` e`s}bòcs) sol bs }lc cbviu ik.a} sc}}icgc`}s eÌktcv Gb`lb}}b`) }les lbs fcc` b xkse}eqc `mcv}bje`d'}lcbv}es}eo j`boj k.a gbje`d k.vmcv k.} k.a olbk.s lbs vcsi}cm e` }lcvcnqc`b}ek.` k.a s}vddie`d `cedlfk.vlkkms) xveòexbiiu ok.ggcvoebi b`m gbàbo}ve`d bvcbs abiic` k.` lbvm }egcs.

]k.mbu) bv}es}s sccje`d lk.se`d bvc gk.vc k.a}c` e`qk.iqcm e` Y2ok.gxc}e}ek.` ak.v sxboc e` `cedlfk.vlk90)ms }lb} bvc`$} xvegbveiu .qbob`}) f } vb}lcvlk.gc }k. }lc oe}u$s ik.t b`m gemmiceòk.gc . evcsemc`}s. E` }lcsc se}b}ek.`s }lc bv}es}s bvc k.a}c` ok.`mcg`cm;bs }lc lbvfe`dcvs k.a dc`}veaeob}ek.`> smmcìu }lcvc$s b dbiicvutlcvc }lcvc scm }k. fc b tbvclk.sc) b acv` fbv ak.v }lc ikobixbe`}cvs) b`m }lc` b `cedlfk.vlk.k.m k.xc`'s}mek. bv } slk.t te}l}k.ves}s b`m xcvlbxs cqc` b _Ok.} ak.v @ct Uk.vj Gbdb~e`c .

E}$s `mcvs}b`mbfic }lb} fk.}l bv}es}s b`m `cedlfk.vlkkm .vcsemc`}s acci }lvcb}c`cm. Mesxibocgc`} lbs Ok.s} gbùabgeiecs }lcev lk.gcs tleic xvkxcv}u qbics sk.bv. Xvkacssek.`bi}uxcs qese} }lc `cedlfk.vlk.k.m) ae`m e} &sbac& b`m &èoc& b`mfu e`. E}$s b` evk. eo }tes} }lb} avcrc`}iu }lc k.vede`bi bv}es}xek.`ccvs bvc bgk.`d }lc cqc`}bi qeo}egs k.a }lc mesxibocgc`}tleol }lcev bvveqbi lcixcm }veddcv.

]lc se}b}ek.` lbs vcbolcm oveses xvk.xk.v}ek.`s. ]lc bv}es}xk.xib}ek.` e` scqcvbi Fvk.k.jiu` `cedlfk.vlk.k.ms es dvk.te`dvbxemiu: b`m bs k.`c Fvk.k.jiu`bo}eqes} c|xibe`cm) &]lc k.imxck.xic tlk. ieqc e` sk.gc `cedlfk.vlk.k.ms tk.`$} x} x te}lgol k.a b ass. ]lcu$ii fc dibm }k. scc uk.`d xck.xic gk.qe`d e`vedl} x `}ei }lc gk.gc } }lcu$vc cqeo}cm: f} e` k.}lcv bvcbs)}lcu gedl} s}bv} s}k.gxe`d bv}es}s.&

K` Gb`lb}}b`$s Ik.tcv Cbs} _emc) }lc essc lbs o v u s } b i i e ~ p m bvk.`m }lc oe}u Lk.se`d Mcxbv}gc`}$s Bv}es} Lk.gck.t`cvslex Xvk.dvbg. ]lc xib`) b``k.òcm k.qcv b ucbv bdk.)$ xvkgescs }lc ovcb}ek.` k.a 268 ik.a}'s}uic ok.'k.xs k.` }tk. k.a }lb}`cedlfk.vlk.k.m$s fb}}cvcm fik.ojs.]lc xvk.dvbg) k.xxk.scm fu}lc ikobi ok.ggè}u fk.bvm) es fce`d bmqbòcm fu }lc oe}u te}l`k. lccm }k. bi}cv`b}eqc sddcs}ek. s gbmc fu vcxvcsc`}b}eqcs k.a}lc ik.obi ok.ggè}u. _k.gc bvcb vcsemc`}s `k.t qk.t }k. sccqcvu bqc`c k.a vcses}bòc }k. }ltbv}}lc xib` .

Ob` }lcsc ak.vocs fc vcok.òeicm; Ob` bv}es}s gk.qc e }k. b`cedlfk.vlk.k.m e` `gfcvs te}lk.} mcs}vk.ue`d e}; Ob` oe}uxvk.dvbgs xvk.qemc ok.`s}vo}eqc lcix;Av}lcv) bvc bv}es}s b` cssc`}ebi xbv} k.a }lc dc`}aeaeob}ek.`mescbsc k.v gcvciu b sugx}kg k.a e}s bvveqbi;Ob` ik.obis olbsc} p c aevs} bv}es}s }k. bvveqc k.} k.a }lc `cedlfk.vlk.k.m) fv` }lcevg k . q p ` d qb`s b`m c p x c o } }k. fc ica} bik.`c; Teii bv}es}s s }bv } }k.icbqc @ct Uk.vj) ak.vocm }k. }lc Mebsxk.vb fu }lc nddcv`b} k.acsobib}e d vc`}s b`m xsobic mcqcik.xgc`}; @ct Uk.vj tbs`$}bitbus }lc bv} oc`}cv k.a }lc c`}evc tk.vim: ok.im e}s mbus fc`gfcvcm;

]lcsc rcs}ek`s iboj b`stcvs bs uc}) f } }lc icssk.`s k.a }lcxbs} b`m }lc xvcsc`} sddcs} sk.gc bxxvk.bolcs ak.v }lc a}vc.Sìcss }lc ovvc`} egxbssc es fvcbolcm) }lb} a}vc es `k.} iejciu }k. fc xicbsb`}.

Tlb} Bv}es}s @ccmIejc bii e`Reqembis) bv}es}s `ccm slci}cv b`m ak.k.m) f } }lcev.eòk.gcs bvc k.a}c geègbi fcobsc bv }es}s tk.im vb}lcv sxc`m}egc gbje`d bv}) vb}lcv } l p b} b nk.f }lb} &xbus }lc vc`}. &Gbù bv}es}s bi_k. `ccm sxboc ak.v }lcev tk.vj) tlc}lcv e}$s

]lc bv}es}s$ qcvu bo} ka vc`ctbi)ica} òlcojcm) }v`cm bvk`m b`mmesxibocm }lcg.

xbe`}e`d) soix}e`d) aeig) gseo. mbòc k.v xcvak.vgbòcGbù ob``k.} baak.vm scxbvb}c ieqe`d b`m tk.vje`d sxbocs) b`mlcòc) b ik.a} k.v k.}lcv k.xc` sxboc }lb} lbs vkk.g ak.v fk.}l exbv}eoibviu b}}vbo}eqc.

Bv}es}s `ccm b xiboc }k. mesxibu }lcev tk.vj) b`m k.a}c` b ik.fcok.gcs b` bi}cv`b}eqc dbiicvu k.v xcvak.vgbòc sxboc }slk.tobsc tk.vj }lb} es bs uc} `se}cm ak.v x}k.t` ok.ggcvoebqc`cs. Gbù xck.xic aevs} qese}cm b ik.a} feime`d }k. scc avec`m$s bv } c|lefe} k.v xcvak.vgbòc.

_k.gc bv}es}s bi_k. jccx k.mm lk.vs)b`m b ok.ggcvoebi kgbàbo}ve`d feime`d gcc}s }lb} `ccm. E a uk. tb`} }k. s}bx b }bfic sbt be6 BG fcobsc uk. lbqc b `ct emcb ak.v uk.soix}vc e` xvk.dvcss) }lc` }lc ok.ggcvoebi cedlfkvs tlk. bv}lcvc k.ìu mve`d }lc mbu tk.`> } ge`m. _eòc gk.s} k.a }lk.sok.ggcvoebi `cedlfk.vs bi_k. gbjc `k.esc'xve`}e`d xvcsscsscte`d gbole`cs) c}o.'`k.esc mve`d }lc mbu es k.jbu) }k.k.. Esk.gck.`c ieqcs bfk.qc k.v fcik.t uk.v ik.a}) e}$s iejciu b`k.}lcv bv}es} tlk. vcsxco}s uk.v `ccm }k. tk.vj b} 6 BG te}le` vcbsk.`

Gbàbo}ve`d ik.a}s) tbvclk.scs) b`m sk.iem k.im ok.ggcvoebi feime`ds xvk.qemc c|ociic`} vbt sxboc ak.v bv}es}s$ ieqe`dtk.vjeved ik.a}s. E a lcvc bvc `k cico}veo kv xigfe`d ae|}vcs e.

23 OE]U I2GE]_+Ko}kfcv25


16/36

}lc sxboc) olbòcs bvc }lc bv}es} lbs avec`ms tlk ob` lcix te}l}lb} ok`qcvsek`. Kqcv }lc ucbvs) gbù bv}es}s ovcb}cmvcbsk`bfiu okgakv}bfic xibocs }k ieqc b`m tkvj akv )geègbie`qcs}gc`}s.Bv}es}s bisk `ccm xibocs }k lb`d k}'}k scc avec`ms) vcib|)kv xbv}u. Bv}es}s b` m }lcev avec`ms ovcb}cm fbvs e``cedlfkvlkkms tlcvc cbviec} }bqcv`s lbm ob}cvcm kìu }k }lctccjmbu mve`je`d `ccms ka fic okiibv tkvjcvs. Bik`d te}lbv}es}s okgc okiico}kvs b`m bv} bmgevcvs. Gb` ka }lcsc gkvcbaaic`} xckxic qese}cm ika}s tlcvc b` bv}es} lcim b xbv }u kv bslkt. ]lcu tcvc mvbt` }k }lc kxc` sxboc. _kgc } l k s p l } }lcutkim iejc }k ieqc e` sol b xiboc bs tcii. ]lc vcs}bvb`}s b`mfbvs tcvc bivcbmu }lcvc) bs tcvc }lc bv}es}s . ]lc`cedlfkvlkkm tbs vcbmu akv gemmic'oibss mtciicvs tlktkim `k} lbqc fcc` b}}vbo}cm }k }lb} bvcb fcakvc }lc bv}es}se`s}biicm }lcgsciqcs b`m ovcb}cm bgcè}ecs b`m bgfecòc.Baaic`} $ bv}es}s b`m fc}}cv'lccicm `k`'bv}es}s e`qcs}cmgbù }lksb`ms ka mkiibvs b} }lc sbgc }bsj ka ika} ok`qcvsek`b`m ovcb}cm i|vu slktxibocs. E} mem` $} vcrevc }kk gbù ka}lcsc }k obx}eqb}c }lc gcmeb b`m }lc vcbi}kvs. ]lc ika}&fkkg& tbs k`.Bii ka }lcsc cicgc`}s obgc }kdc}lcv e` }lc aevs} aikvesl kabv}es}'ovcb}cm ika} `cedlfkvlkkms'_klk b`m }lc Iktcv .Gb`lb}}b` mes}veo}s.

']lc Xbs} Fkkg> _klk)]veFcOb b`m Iktcv Gb`lb}}b`BV]E_]_) VCBI C_]B]C MCQCIKXCV_) OE]U$ B@Ms}b}c kaaeoebis avcrc`}iu oe}c }lc eài| kaika} }c`b`}s e`}k Iktcv Gb`lb}}b` bs b gevboic. ]lcu c|bddcvb}c) f} e} es}vc }lb } }lcsc okggcvoebi b`m gbàbo}ve`d bvcbs acii k` c|}vcgciu lbvm }egcs e` }lc ib}c se|}ecs b`m cbviu scqc`}ecs. Gbùkt`cvs tcvc mcsxcvb}c }k ae`m bù }uxc ka }c`b`} akv }lcev cgx}u feime`ds. ]lc bv}es}s tcvc xcvaco}'}lcu mem`$} ge`m }lciboj ka scvqeocs) b`m }lcu xvkgx}iu sc} bfk} gbje`d egxvkqcgc`}s e` }lc xvkxcv}u fu ok`qcv}e`d e} }k vcsemc`}ebi sc.Fcbv e` ge`m }lb} }lcsc `cedlfkvlkkms lbm bivcbmu saacvcm gbnkv ob}bs}vOexlcs tleol }lvcb}c`cm }k mcs}vku }lcg.]lc ok`s}vo}ek` ka }lc Tkvim ]vbmc Oc`}cv mcgkieslcm bik`d's}b`me`d gbvjc}xiboc akv cico}vkèos xbv}segm sxxiecs)b`m gbù ka }lcsc fse`csscs oikscm. ]lc ie}}ic ika} feime`ds}lcu e`lbfe}cm fcobgc qbob`}. Tlc` }lc L`}s Xke`} Gbvjc}kxc`cm) gbù ka }lc f}}N>v b`m cdd fse`csscs ica} }lcTbsle`d}k` Gbvjc} bvcb }k gkqc X }k }lc Fvk`|. ]lc cgx

}u `cedlfkvlkkm }lb} vcgbe`cm b}}vbo}cm bv}es} }c`b`}s ik`dfcakvc e} tbs mffcm &]veFcOb& ,]veb`dic Fcikt Ob`bi_}vcc}% fu skgc emek} xib``cv b`m vc'~k`cm akv vcsemc`}ebi ika}ieqe`d.Avkg Ob`bi _}vcc} `kv}l }k }lc Tcs} Aea}ecs) Gb`lb}}b`$ s 0'}2iTcs} _emc sbt gbù fse`csscs mcxbv}. Kqcvbii `cbviu..N188)888 gbàbo}ve`d nkfs ica} }lc oe}u e` }lvcc mcobmcs._gbii xve`}cvs gkqcm }k fc}}cv ikob}ek`s e` @ct Ncvscu) kv 2nsegxiu oikscm. ]lc oe}u$s dbvgc`} e`ms}vu) s}eii }lc oe}u$s esibvdcs} se dic e`ms}vu te}l b` b``bi qkigc ka -21 feiiek`)xibdcm fu vese`d egxkv}s b`m `k`'èk` slkxs e` }lc _k}l) _iks} `cbviu 688)888 nkfs. ]b|cs) fbm }vb`sxkv}b}ek` b`m }lc . a

OE]U IEG ]_+Ko}kfcv25


17/36

temciu }k}cm e` `ctsxbxcvs) gbdb~e`cs b`m gkqecs ka }lcgem'scqc`}ecs) }v`cm }k i|vu vcsemc`}ebi ok`qcvsek` }lb}mesxibocm lcbi}lu fse`css) xek`ccv ika} }c`b`}s b`m }lc àkv}`b}c vcsemc`}s ka kim'ibt }c`cgc`} feime`ds e`}cvsxcvscm }lvkdl }lc ika} `cedlfkvlkkms.]kmbu) }lc $xvcssvc k` }lcsc `cedlfkvlkkms s}cgs avkgi|vu vcsemc`}ebi ok`qcvsek` b`m }lc vcikob}ek` ka sgbiiokggcvoebi kxcvb}ek`s 'ibt kaaeocs) bm bdcòecs b`m k}lcv

scvqeoc fse`csscs'}lb} bvc fce`d xslcm k} ka vèd}kt` fu}lc eòvcmefic vcoc`} okggcvoebi vc`} eòvcbscs }lcvc.]lc xbssbdc }les xbs})sxve`d ka }lc 25 slkxxcvs b`m}kves}s ivcm fu b xk}xkvve ka egxkv}cm rbie}u dkkms b`mokgxic}c n`j okxicm te}l }lc olbòc }k dbtj b} }lc ikobis.

]lc Xvcsc`} Fkkg>]lc Iktcv Cbs} _emc]LB] XK]C@]EBI AKV ]VKSFIC LB_ FSV_k} gks} dibve`diu te}l }lc Mcxbv}gc`} ka LkseXvcscvqb}ek` b`m Mcqcikxgc`}$s Bv}es} Lkgckt`cvslex Xvdvbg akv Cbs} Cedl}l _}vcc} b`m Akvsu}l _}vcc}. ]lc xvkdvbskieoe}cm mcqcikxgc`} xvkxksbis avkg bv}es} dvk"iXs b`m ksemc mcqcikxcvs tlk tkim scii }lc okgxic}c è}s }k bv}esK} ka }tc`}u bxxieob`}s) scqc` tcvc scico}cm'aeqc bv}dvkxs tcvc deqc` 32 è}s e` scqc` feime`ds) b`m }tmcqcikxcvs teii ovcb}c 15 sxbocs e` è`c feime`ds.]lc xvkdvbg lbs dc`cvb}cm b dvcb} mcbi ka b}}c`}ek`) bgcmeb okqcvbdc lbs eòimcm fk}l }lc xkse}eqc b`m `cdb}evcsxk`scs }k }lc xvkdvbg. Gbù rcs}ek`s vcgb`b`stcvcm. E} es òicbv tlc}lcv }lc lkgckt`cvslex xvdvbg okim sooccm e` b `kvesle`d oiegb}c) gol icss }lc ovc`} k`c ka ssxeoek` b`m vcses}bòc.Ob` }lcsc è}s bo}biiu fc vc`kqb}cm b} }lc xvknco}oks}s) b`m ea vc`kqb}ek` es xkssefic)slkim }lc feime`fcokgc ika} ok'kxs a k p bv}es}s vb}lcv }lb` bxbv}gc`}s akv ikeòkgc `cedlfkvlkkm vcsemc`}s; Teii }lc bv}es}s$ xvcsc`lcix kv lv} }lc `cedlfkvlkkm;Cqcvuk`c bdvccs }lb} }lc feime`ds bvc e` sbm slbxc. _kg

LEa tc$m xvkxkscm }lksc feime`ds akv abgeiu lkse`d }lcutkim lbqc ibdlcm b} s. ]lc ) te}lk} bù okgg`'e}u e`x}) }lcu xvkxksc bv}es}s$ lkse`d akv }lcg. &]veFcOb) tleic `k} }k}biiu mkge`b}cm fu dvk`m aikkvdbiicvecs b`m fk}ercs) lbs fcokgc }lc lkgc ka scqcvbi ibvdcobacs tlcvc iegkse`cs mvkx @ct Ukvj$s rcb}eai xckxicb`m ledl vkiicvs akv b qese}. ]lc Kmck`) k` Tcs} Fvkbmtbu)xcvlbxs }lc s}vk`dcs} gbd`c} akv ledl skoec}u) tbs b abqkve}cka Nkl` Fcisle$s. Ie~ ]buikv$s mbdl}cv vcoc`}iu lcim lcvfev}lmbu xbv}u b} }lc Okggessbvu) b act fikojs `kv}l. ]lcsc`ct obacs vccj ka xvc}c`sek`: }lc ib}cs} c`}vu es Bo}c Obac)`bgcm akv }lc b`dics }lb} dvboc }lc vcoc`}iu ok'kxcm feime`d.bfkqc.

Gbù ikobi vcsemc`}s sxc`m icss k` akkm xcv tccj }lb` }lcoks} ka b mci|c gcbi b} k`c ka }lcsc tb}cve`d lkics. Gks}_kLk vcsemc`}s sovxiksiu bqkem Tcs} Fvkbmtbu$s _b}vmbu semcslkt) f} }lc gcssbdc es oicbv'ea bv}es}s bvcmcqcikxcvs) òlcojcm mcqcikxgc`} ob` icbm }k baaic`}slkxxe`d b`m xbv}ue`d `cedlfkvlkkms }lb} fcbv ie}}icv c s c g f i b ` o p }k cbviecv }egcs.

Akv gks} bv}es}s) }les }c`mcòu }k dvbqe}b}c }k`cedlfkvlkkms }lb} bvc bfk} }k fc mcqcikxcm es b` `tb`}cmolbvbo}cves}eo. ]lcu $bvc e` k xkse}ek` }k }bjc bù bmqb`}bdctlb}skcqcv ka }lc xlc`kgc`k`. F}) iejc }lc xeik} aesl }lb}xke`} }lc tbu }k solkkis ka feddcv aesl) sbqqu `cedlfkvlkkmvcsemc`}s ob` sc`sc }vkfic s}bv}gd tlc` }lc bv}es}s slkt x.Mcqcikxgc`} es iejciu k` skgck`c$s bdc`mb. _egeibviu)mcqcikxcvs j`kt }lb} ea b `cedlfkvlkkm bxxcbis }k bv}es}s e}ob` xvkfbfiu fc gbmc b}}vbo}eqc akv k}lcv `ctokgcvs bs tciI

ka }lc bv}es} + mcqcikxcvs bvc okàemc`} }lb} }lcu ob` vc`kq}lc feime`ds akv }lc xvknco}cm oks}s) tleic k}lcvs e` }lc xdvbg bmge} }lb} }lcu bvc k} svc tlc}lcv e} ob` fc mk`c) f}lcu bvc sk mcsxcvb}c akv lkse`d }lb} }lcu$vc teiie`d }k }b}lc vesj.i`meqembis)te}l c|xcvecòc e` lkse`d vclbfeEe}b}ekr `k} svc }lc vesj es qebfic. Iesb Jbxib`) b Iktcv Cbs} _vcsemc`} tlk akvgcviu t.kvjcm te}l b Iktcv Cbs} _emc okgè}u dvkx obiicm Xcfik @cqk b`m tlk `kt tkvjs tb lkse`d dvkx e` Oie`}k`) s}mecm }lc xib` tlc` e} obgfcakvc }lc ikobi okggè}u fkbvm. _lc kfscvqcs> &]absoe`b}e`d xbv} es }lb} }lc Lkse`d B}lkve}u vcnco}cm Akvsu}l _}vcc} se}c akv vclbfeie}b}ek` e` 254 &E mk`$} fciecqc e} ob` tkvj. E}$slk} e` }lc mbvj.&

Jbxib` xke`}s k} }lb} xbv} ka }lc ae`bòe`d akv }lc xdvbg ok`ses}s ka b -? geiiek` ikb` }k okgc avkg LXM$s X}eoexb}ek` Ikb` Xvkdvbg ,XIX%) tleol okgfe`cs ikt kve`}cvcs} acmcvbi Okggè}u Mcqcikxgc`} a`ms tgbvjc}'vb}c fb`j ikb`s. Ibs} ucbv) }lc oe}u$s c`}evc XIfmdc} ie`c tbs -68 geiiek`. ]lc Xbv}eoexb}ek` Ikb` Xdvbg tbs mcsed`cm }k xvkqemc gk`cu akv ikt b`m gkmcveòkgc lkse`d b`m gbù ikobi vcsemc`}s rcs}ek` tlc}l}lc xvknco}cm ika} ok'kx è}s rbieau. .Jbxib` vcobiis b Gbu 25


18/36

LXM$s Mevco}kv ka }lc Kaaeoc ka _xcoebi Lks}lb} okggè}u fkbvm gcgfcvs kak lcix ae`m bi}cv`b}eqc se}cs> &E lbm sxc`} }lc xvekv cedl} '

m tc lbm fcc` }k LXM akv ucbvs fcdde`d akv lcix }kE a tc$m xvkxkscm }lksc}lcu txim lbqc ibdlcm b} s.$te}lk} bù okggè}u e`x}) }lcu xvkxksc bv}es}s$

}lcg.&E}$s }lb} je`m ka ok`}vbmeo}ek` }lb} gbjcs Iktcv Cbs} _emcb} }lc bxxbvc`} ouèoesg ka

`ccms e` }lc bvcb }lb` }lc ovcb}ek` ka bv}es}s$

K}lcv okggè}u fkbvm gcgfcvs vcobii kaacve`d }k tkvjf} tleol tkim biikt }lc okggè}u }k}c bi}cv`b}eqc se}cs) akose`d k` bfb`mk`cm okggcvoebi

}lb` qbob`} vcsemc`}ebim sol sddcs}ek`s.Ovvc`}iu) }lc feime`ds se} `}c`mcm. ]lc akvgbi s}bv} ka

}lc oe}u ob` scii }lc feime`ds }k }lc bvtbs Bds} 6?. ]lc SISVX xvkocss teii aEvs} fve`d }lc}k Okggè}u Fkbvm ]lvcc) tleol lbs }tk

} }lb} }lc fkbvm teii kòc bdbe` kxxksc }lc xib`. ]lc`)ka Cs}egb}c. B }k}bi ka se| gk`b} dk'blcbm

b`)m mcqcikxcvs bo}biiu }bjc xksscssek` b`mIktcv Cbs} _emc bo}eqes}s qkt }lb} }lcu teii ok`}e`c }lcevfcuk`m }lc bmqeskvu qk}c ka }lc ikobi okggè}ub`m obvvu }lc aEdl} }k }lc Xib`è`d Okggessek` b`m

ka Cs}egb}c) tlcvc b aE`bi qk}c ob``k} okgc fcakvc$E a Gbukv Jkol es cico}cm Dkqcv`kv e` @kqcgfcv)v tlc}lcv xkie}eobi c`}lsebsg akv }les ok`}vkqcvi fc gbe`}be`cm.teii e} vcbiiu&oks};

]lc xvcss vcicbsc }lb} bookgxbècm GbukEe Jkol$s akvgbika }lc scico}ek` ka }lc bv}es}s b`m mcqcikxcvs

}k fc vc`kqb}cm fu }lc bv}es}b` bqcvbdcka -38)888) te}l gk`}liu gbe`}c`bòc olbvdcs ka bfk}

akv b` bqcvbdc ka -61)888) te}l gk`}liuolbvdcs ka bvk`m)-188. ]lc -61)888 aedvc akvè}s tbs temciu rk}cm e` }lc eè}ebi fbvvbdcs}kvecs bfk} }lc qc`}vc) f} e} }v`s k} }lb} aEdvc es }lcka b vb`dc ka xvknco}cm sbics xveocs. _eòc }lc ika}s dk}k 2)


19/36

tlcvc }lcu xib` }k ovcb}c 26 è}s. B soix}kv b`m qemck bv}es})Figc`}lbi bvveqcm e` @ct Ukvj 23 ucbvs bdk avkg Oleobdk.&E$qc bitbus tb`}cm }k ieqc kqcv }lcvc)& slc c|xibe`s. &Egkqcm lcvc avkg Oleobdk b`m E tbs mvbt` }k }lc Iktcv Cbs}_emc) f} bii }lc bxbv}gc`}s tcvc }kk sgbii akv gu soix}vc)sk E$qc ieqcm e` ika} `cedlfkvlkkms. F} E$qc lbm avec`ms e`}lb} `cedlfkvlkkm akv ucbvs) b`m E iejov }lc sc`sc ka okggè}u b`m e}s ge|cm rbie}u.&

Figc`}lbi lbs b acci akv }lc cedlfkvlkkm b`m k}cs }lb}vcbi xvkficgs c|es}cm k` }lc Iktcv Cbs} _emc fcakvc }lc b``kòcgc`}. ka }les xvkdvbg. &Dc`}veaeob}ek` es b` essc }lb}}lc bv}es}s teii lbqc }k }bjc x)& slc sbus. &E mk`$} tb`} }kieqc e` b `cedlfkvlkkm }lb}$s aeiicm te}l fk}ercs.& _lc b`}eoexb}cs lcv kt` a}vc e`qkiqcgc`} b`m sccs b icde}egb}c semc}k }lc okggè}u$s okòcv s) f} tbv`s) &E} teii fc fbm akv}lc Iktcv Cbs} _emc ea }les se`dic xvknco} fcokgcs }lc akos ka}les `cedlfkvlkkm$s bo}eqe}ecs bs kxxkscm }k aedl}e`d }lc vcbisxcoib}ek` }lb} es dke`d k`.&]lc meicggb }lb} Iktcv Cbs} _emc bo}eqes}s okim te` }lcfb}}ic bdbe`s} }lc lkgckt`cvslex xvkdvbg uc} scc }lc c`}evc`cedlfkvlkkm mcqcikxcm tbs `k}cm fu k}lcv kfscvqcvs bstcii. _kgc }le`j }lc bvcb) deqc` e}s xvk|ege}u }k IktcvGb`lb}}b` b`m gem}kt` tle}c okiibv nkfs) es bivcbmu sib}cmakv }lc gb|egg egxbo} ka dc`}veaeob}ek` b`m }lb} }lcvc es `k`ccm akv bv}es}s }k dvcbsc }lc tbu akv }lc gkvc }egem xxcvgemmic oibss. K}lcvs gbe`}be` }lb} }lcsc }tk se}cs bvc }lcdb}ctbu }k sxccme`d mcqcikxgc`} ka }lc cbs}cv`gks.}fikojs's}eii `k'gb`$s ib`m e` }lc cucs ka gbù .

B`k}lcE&}mcsed`b}cm bv}es} es aiiu btbvc ka tlb} lc gedl}Y ) E

E

aboc k` }lc Iktcv Cbs} _emc fcobsc lc ieqcs }lcvc bivcbMeIciik) b okgxkscv b`m olkvckdvbxlcv) ieqcs bovks}lc Cbs} =}l _}vcc} Svfb` Vc`ctbi bvcb &e` }lc kìu fk` }les fikoj }lb} es`$} oe}u kt`cm.& MeIciik) tlr mevckt` gseo b`m mbòc okgxbù) `k}cs }lb} akv les Teòkòcv} scvecs lc xbem -2)888 akv se| tccjs ka vclcbs}meks }lb} vc`}cm avkg -1 }k -28 b` lkv) b`m }lvcce`ds ka xcvakvgbòcs }lb} oks} -288 b èdl}. Bs lc fcfc}}cv j`kt` b`m les tkvj vcbolcs b temcv bmecòc) l}lb} lc ob``k} baakvm b scxbvb}c tkvje`d b`m ieqe`dte}lk} icbqe`d }lc oe}u. &_k E mcoemcm }k fcokgc b deè` }les xvknco}.&MeIciik tbs e` Icc) Gbssbolsc}}s)ibs} sggcv tlxvkdvbg tbs b``kòcm) }cbole`d b} }lc Nbokf$s Mbòc Acs}eqbi. B avec`m sbt b `ctsxbxcv bv}eoic b`mleg. &E s}bv}cm obiie`d cqcvu bv}es} E okim }le`j katlkcm b xiboc }k ieqc.& ]lcu akvgcm b sgbii eè}ebi dvkx) s}lc xvkxksbi) b`m c`mcm x akvge`d b. ok'kx te}l avecMeIciik$s xib`s obii akv vc`kqb}ek` ka }lc dvk`m a24


20/36

v

`mcv }lc Gb`lb}}b` Fvemdc) okàevgs }lb} }lc `gfcv kavcsemc`}ebi ika}s e` Fvkkjiu` lbs mkficm e` }lc xbs} }tkucbvs. K`c Teiiebgsfvd ika} kt`cv gbmc }lc Qeiibdc Qkeoc$s&]c` Tkvs} Ib`mikvms& ies} ibs} ucbv.Ika}s e` Fvkkjiu` c|es} e` Dvcc`xke`}) Teiiebgsfvd b`me` }lc tb}cvavk`} `cedlfkvlkkms av}lcv sk}l. _kgc ka }lcsc$ika}s bvc e` gbàbo}ve`d ~k`cs) gbù ka tleol tcvc vcoc`}'iu mcsed`b}cm s}mu bvcbs) tlcvc vcsemc`}ebi kooxbòu gbufc xcvge}}cm e` }lc a}vc. E` }lcsc @kv}$l Fvkkjiu``cedlfkvlkkms xvcssvc es lbvmcs} k` c|es}e`d }c`b`}s e` }tk}k aeqc è} feime`ds }lb} lbqc `k vc`} xvk}co}ek`.

_kgc ka }lc `ct Fvkkjiu` ika} .kooxb`}s bvc vcadccsavkg }lc Gb`lb}}b` ika} tbvs) tleic k}lcvs bvc `ctiu bvveqcm@ct Ukvjcvs. Aveo}ek` lbs mcqcikxcm fc}tcc` }lc ikobivcsemc`}s b`m }lc eòkge`d bv}es} e` skgc obscs. Ibs} sxve`d)b` bv} slkt obiicm }lc&Bxvei Akkis& slkt tbs kvdbè~cm e`Teiiebgsfvd. Ikobi vcsemc`}s sbt }les bs b` bo} ka sciaxvkgk}ek` k` }lc xbv} ka vcoc`}iu bvveqcm bv}es}s tlk }lcu aci}mem vek} okgxvclc`m }lc abv'vcbole`d egxbo} }lb} xbs} cqc`}sc`dc`mcvcm e` k}lcv `cedlfkvlkkms.Tleic }lcvc lbqc fcc` b act gcc}e`ds fc}tcc` }lc `ct'okgcvs b`m }lc ik`d'}egc vcsemc`}s) okggèob}ek` fc}tcc` }lc }tk dvkxs vcgbe`s geègbi.]lc sxcoib}kvs lbqc`$} gesscm }lc xlc`kgc`k`. Mccxcve` Fvkkjiu`) k`c mcqcikxcv lbs }bjc` b` bo}eqc e`}cvcs} e`xvkgk}e`d bv}es} lkse`d) }bje`d b }boj `k} ìejc }lc oe}u$slkgckt`cvslex xvkdvbg) f} te}l qeoeks e`}c`}. Vb}lcv}lb` s}bv}e`d te}l bfb`mk`cm feime`ds) lc v`s k} }lc ikteòkgc }c`b`}s) mcgkieslcs b act tbiis) }k}bis }lc gcbdcvfb}lvkkgs b`m je}olc`s) b`m vc`}s }lc vffic }k bv}es}s bs vbtokggcvoebi sxboc. Ka okvsc) lc kaacvs b slkv} okggcvoebiicbsc. E a }lc bv}es}s ae| x }lc xiboc) lc$ii je`miu fu }lc vbtgb}cvebis) b`m }lc tkvj ob` fc mk`c te}lk} bù ka }lc`cocssbvu xcvge}s. @ccmicss }k sbu) les `ct &okggcvoebi&feime`d es bisk vcgkqcm avkg }lc vks}cv ka vc`} vcdib}cmgSi}exic mtciie`ds bs tcii._kgc ka }lc `ct bv}es}s lbqc kaac`mcm vcsemc`}s'fu xvkoibege`d }lb} }lc bvveqbi ka bv}es}s teii sbqc }lc `cedlfkvlkkm)kv }lb} }lcu bvc vcoibege`d &tkv}licss& }cvve}kvu. _eòc }lcbvcbs e` rcs}ek` bvc lkgc akv l`mvcms ka abgeiecs) e` skgcbvcbs xvcmkge`b`}iu fiboj) e` k}lcvs Lesxbèo kv Cbs} Cvkxcb`) sol }bij es k} tcii vcoceqcm. Abv avkg cgx}u) }lcsc`cedlfkvlkkms ob` kìu vcgbe` lkgc }k }lc kim'}egcvcsemc`}s ea }lcu bvc `k} &ae|cm x & fu }lc cbdcv bv}es}s. ]lcb}gksxlcvc akv b lks}eic vcocx}ek` dvkts.p ` f ` } v i ` d } f c s f k o j t b q c OB@ ]LE_ FSMME@D OK@AVK@]B]EK@ FCbqkemcm; E a sk) }lc `gc} vcsxk`sefeie}ecs k` fk}l semcsg_} fc vcokdè~cm.Bv}es}s gs} vcbie~c }lb} tleic }lc tkvim gbu ccm }lcev bv})}lcev `ct `cedlfkvs gbu `k} `ccm bii }lcev egxvkqcgc`}s.]lcu bisk slkim vcokdè~c }lb} }lcev xvcscòc gbu fc gkv.cfc`caeoebi }k ocv}be` `cedlfkvlkkms }lb` k}lcvs) b`m xib`}lcev lkgcs}cbme`d bookvme`diu. ]lcvc bvc bvcbs }lb} dcè`ciu sccj }k lbqc qbob`} bvcbs vcnqc`b}cm. ]lc XccjsjeiiGbukv$s kaaeoc ok`}bo}cm Iktcv Gb`lb}}b` Ika} ]c`b`}s }ke`revc tlc}lcv }lcvc tkim fc bù e`}cvcs} e` ak`me`d bÒE]U IEGE]_+Ko}kfcv 25


21/36

V p c i M akvbLkse`dXkieou_ciie`dBi}cv`b}eqc

G b ` b d c g p ` } Fu Fk``ec FvktcvK@ NS@C 21) 25


22/36

dvkx'gzSibdcm feime`ds. ]lcvc lbqc bisk fcc` lcbv}cè`dsoocss s}kvecs ka }lc sbics ka MBGX feime`ds.]lc les}kvu ka MBGX lbs xvkqcm }lb} }c`b`} b`m `k`xvkae} dvkx gb`bdcgc`} ka oe}u'kt`cm feime`ds ob`xvcscvqc b`m vclbfeie}b}c kimcv) ib`mikvm'bfb`mk`cm lkse`ds}koj b`m xvkqemc b` egxkv}b`} skvoc ka mcoc`} b`m baakvmbfic lkse`d }k ikt b`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc @ct Ukvjcvs. E}lbs bisk mcgk`s}vb}cm }lb}) xvkxcviu okòceqcm b`m c|co}cm) MBGX sbics ob` fc b gbnkv qcleoic akv soocssaiiuvcs}kve`d gbù oe}u'kt`cm feime`ds }k $xveqb}c) `k`xvkae}kt`cvslex. Sàkv}`b}ciu. lktcqcv) }lc okiico}eqc tesmkgka }lcsc c|xcvecòcs icbv`cm }lvkdl }mbi b`m cvvkv) soocssb`m abeivc) es fce`d stbiiktcm f} `k} medcs}cm e` }lc vslakv sbics.Tlb}cqcv }lc )skvoc ka xvcssvc akv }lc fij sbics kaMBGX feime`ds ,gbù fciecqc e} tbs avkg LSM%) e} lbs ktmcqcikxcm b vcic`}icss mu`bgeo ka e}s kt`.K}lcv ovvc`} xkieou eè}eb}eqcs gevvkv }les olb`dc e` }lcoe}u$s b}}e}mcs }ktbvm }lc sc b`m sbic ka MBGX feime`ds.LXM es s}eii xvse`d e}s caakv}s }k lbqc }lc sbic ka oe}u'kt`cmfeime`ds icdesib}eqciu c|cgx}cm avkg }lc Sèakvg Ib`m SscVcqect Xvkocmvc ,SISVX% e` kvmcv }k sxccm x sbics b`mciege`b}c }lc bmqeskvu kqcvsedl} ovvc`}iu xvkqemcm fu ikobiokggè}u xib`è`d fkbvms.

B} }lc sbgc }egc) LXM lbs eè}eb}cm }tk egxkv}b`} bmgeès}vb}eqc olb`dcs e` e}s sfgessek` ka SISVx bxxieob}ek`s. E} lbs ciege`b}cm sbics xveoc avkg }lc SISVX sfgessek`s akv MBGX feime`ds: b`m e} lbs fcd`) bs b gb}}cv kaokvsc) }k fcde` }lc SISVX xvkocss te}lk} bù xvekv`k}eoc}k }lc }c`b`}s ka }lc feime`ds e`qkiqcm b`m te}lk} bùmesossek` kv bdvccgc`} te}l }lcg bs }k }lc sokxc b`ms o l p m i c ka `cocssbvu vcxbevs. ]les ib}}cv xkieou vcbolcm e}sikdeobiiu bfsvm okòisek` vcoc`}iu tlc` }lc }c`b`}s ka bfeime d }lb} lbm `k} uc} c`}cvcm }lc ]EI xvkdvbg booemc`}biiu icbv`cm }lb} LXM lbm sfge}}cm b SISVX bxxieob}ek` }kfcde` }lc xvkocss ka sciie`d }lc feime`d }k }lcg.Icbqe`d bsemc }lc ove}eobi essc ka olb`dcs e` sbics xveocxkieou akv b gkgc`}) k}lcv ovvc`} bmgeès}vb}eqc gbèacs}b}ek`s ka sbics gbèb bvc vbmeobiiu bi}cve`d lkt MBGX xvkdvbgs aò}ek`. E` b oibsseo fvcbovb}eo }v`bfk}) akv c|bgxic) &e`}bjc& lbs fcokgc c|oiseqciu b` &k}}bjc$ .$,LXM'csc akv sbics% mcqeoc. Vcaico}e`d }lc slea} e` ]EI avkg bik`d'}cvg }c`b`} gb`bdcgc`} xvkdvbg }k b reoj }c`b`}sbics xvkdvbg) c`}vbòc vcrevcgc`}s akv ]EI lbqc fcokgc)eòvcbse`diu s}ve`dc`} b`m vcs}veo}eqc. E` bmme}ek`) LX M`ce}lcv `k}eaecs `ctiu qcs}cm feime`ds ka }lc c|es}còc kaMBGX xvkdvbgd.) `kv `mcv}bjcs bù k}vcbol kv kvdbè~e`d }k b}}vbo} feime`ds e`}k }lc xvkdvbgs.]lc vcsSi}s ka }les xbsseqc xvbo}eoc bvc s}bvj> fc}tcc` Nvec)25


23/36

xiboc. ]lc mcqbs}b}e`d ae`bòebi egxbo} ka }les slkv}'sedl}cmxkieou es veqbicm kìu fu }lc vsl }k scii xluseobiiu beie`dfeime`ds te}lk} gbje`d cssc`}ebi vcxbevs. ]lc se}b}ek`tkvjs iejc }les> b} }lc }egc LX M sc}s }lc agbi vc`}s akvfeime`ds fcakvc sbic) e} gbjcs b xvciege`bvu mc}cvge`b}ek`ka }lc ciedefeie}u ka }c`b`}s e` }lc feime`d akv _co}ek` < sfsemecs. Fbscm k` }lb} mc}cvge`b}ek`) LXM c`}cvs e`}k 'tve}}c`bdvccgc`}s te}l }c`b`}s mccgcm ciedefic }k xbu 63 xcvoc`} ka}lcev abgeiu eòkgc e`s}cbm ka }lc ledlcv bo}bi vc`} `}ei }lcsfsemu es kf}be`cm }k gbjc x }lc meaacvcòc. Cqc` }lkdlLX M e}scia `kt xvkocsscs _co}ek` < akv MBGX feime`ds)}ls ok`}vkiie`d }lc xvkocss) e} lbs vcascm }k xks}xk`c }lcsbic ka feime`ds te}l ibvdc `gfcvs ka _co}ek`


24/36

}vecm }k c|}vbo} avkg Oie`}k`$s ikt eòkgc ]E I }c`b`}s)mcsxe}c }lc abo} }lb} MBGX sbics tcvc sxxkscm }k sbqc' `k} gbjc ' gk`cu akv }lc oe}u. ]lc caakv} }k xbss ka a b s}bv}ie d `ct akvgib' }lcsc}}e`d ka ]EI sbics xveocs fbscm k` b xkv}ek` ka bfeime`d$s bxxvbescm qbic vb}lcv }lb` -638 ' bs }lcoe}u$s &ovvc`} xkieou& akv &s}vk`d gbvjc} bvcb2.&,Rk}b}ek`s e` }lc$kvede`bi.% LXM$s kìu cqemcòc ka

}les &ovvc`} xkieou& es b lb`mai ka eskib}cm) bfcvvb`}feime`ds skim b} ledlcv }lb` -638'b'è}. E` xke`} kaabo}) 55.= xcvoc`} ka bii è}s skim }k Bv}eoic \E ,`k`xvkae} lkse`d% okvxkvb}ek`s `mcv }lc Bi}cv`b}eqcGb`bdcgc`} sbics xvkdvbg lbqc fcc` skim akv -638.]lc bvvkdbòc ka e}s vcqesekès} mcsovex}ek` ka }lcscèrc sbics bs &ovvc`} xkieou& es lcedl}c`cm fu }lc. abo} }lb} }les &ovvc`} xkieou& ,bs mes}eò} avkg }lcact e`meqembi sol sbics% lbs `cqcv fcc` xfieoiuxvcsc`}cm) mcfb}cm kv bxxvkqcm. ]lc xb}c`}iu fkds bvdgc`} }lb} }les `c>.q akvgib akv

&s}vk`d gbvjc} bvcbs& es tlkiiu ok`ses}c`} te}l }lc -638dc`cvbi sbics xkieou xbsscm fu }lc Fkbvm ka Cs}egb}c. ]lcFkbvm ka Cs}egb}c$s vcski}ek` mkcs ok`}be` b oibsc deqe`d LXM$s okggessek`cv mesovc}ek` }k sc} b sbics xveock}lcv }lb` -638) f} }lc ok`}c|} b`m }lc ib`dbdc gbjce} ovus}bi oicbv }lb} }lc xktcv }k gbjc mesovc}ek`bvuvcokggc`mb}ek`s es }lc c|ocx}ek`) `k} }lc vic) b`m es }kfc c|cvoescm fu sfge}}e`d tve}}c` vcbsk`s ns}eaue`d e}. ]lb} lbs `cqcv fcc` mk`c.

B Fvk`| Vclbf>

LXM$s c|xieoe} boj`kticmdcgc`} }lb} }lc bmge`}ek`$s sbics xveoc xkieou akv }lcsc feime`ds &tei i lbqxieob}ek`s& fcuk`m Oie`}k` b`m }lc Tcs} _emc.]les ibs} boj`kticmdcgc`} ' .}lb} xveocs akv bù B`b}eqc Gb`bdcgc`} feime`ds ledlcv }lb` -638 xcv `baaco} Bi}cv`b}eqc Gb`bdcgc`} }lvkdlk} }lc oe}u vcbiiu }lc jcu. Oie`}k` es f} }lc aevs} sjevgesl e` }lc tblkt }lc oe}u teii sc b`m mesxksc ka oe}u'kt`cm xvkxcv}Ko}kfcv 6


25/36

E` Mcocgfcv }lb} ucbv) }lc `ctkt`cvs sed`cm b qki`}bvu bdvccgc`}te}l }lc oe}u Mcxbv}gc`} ka Lkse`dXvcscvqb}ek` b`m Mcqcikxgc`} b`m okvvco}cm 54 ka }lc 2?8 lkse`d okmc qekib}ek`s e` k`c ka }lc feime`ds. E } sccgcmxkssefic }lc mc}cvekvb}ek` okim fc }v`cm bvk`m.

F} }lc Gbacscs xvcsc`}cm b`k}lcvaboc }k }lc feime`ds$ vcsemc`}s. E`@kqcgfcv) 254 &]lksc ka uk tlk bvc xbue`d`mcv -288) uk j`kt mbg` tcii e}s `k}

..N..NSNOiSN>>>Ei

C`}vb`oc }k 422'462 Cbs} 66


26/36

bvcbs iejc Teiiebgs fvemdc) kt`cvs gbuicdbiiu &vcs}vo}vc& vc`}s'eòime`d}lksc e` vc`} ok`}vkiicm bxbv}gc`}s.]lc oe}u lkse`d bdcòu$s eè}ebivcxkv} k` }lc Gbacs$s _B ikb` bxxieob}ek` mem `k} vcqcbi bù}le`d `sccgiu. Bolcoj te}l LXM$s ie}edb}ek` è} e` }lcFvk`| vcqcbicm }lb} kìu k`c }c`b`} eè}eb}cm icdbi bo}ek` lbm fcc` okggcòcmbdbe`s} }lc Gbacscs. b`m lbm fcc`sb}esabo}kveiu vcskiqcm. ]les tbs `k}c`kdl }k aibd }lc Gbacscs bs xvkficgib`mikvms. E` @kqcgfcv) 2545) b-25=)=18 _B ikb` akv ]c`b`} Gb`bdc'gc`} _us}cgs tbs bxxvkqcm. ....Xvkdvcss k` }lc vclbfeie}b}ek` tbssikt) obse`d }lc }c`b`}s skgc avs}vb}ek`. K`c }c`b`} mem }lc tkvj vcrevcm e`les je}olc` legscia: }lc Gbacscs) ok`}c`}te}l }lc vclbfeie}b}ek` a`ms }lcu vcoceqcm }k xcvakvg }les tkvj) dvboeksiumcmo}cm -288 avkg k`c gk`}l$s vc`}. B}c`b`} tlk bsjcm akv vcxbev ka lcv icbjufb}lvkkg xexcs tbs }kim }lcu tkim fcae|cm'f} kìu ea slc bdvccm }k b gk`}liu vc`} eòvcbsc.

Qekib}ek`s b`m AkvcoiksvcLXM kaaeoebis tcvc bisk `lbxxu te}l}lc mcibus. ]lc` }lcu icbv`cm& }lvkdl}lc B}}kv`cu Dc`cvbi$s kaaeoc) }lb} }lcGbacscs tcvc b}}cgx}e`d }k scii }lcfeime`ds fu ik}}cvu) }ls qekib}e`d }lcevbdvccgc`} `mcv _B$s }cvgs }k scii kìuteal }lc oe}u$s xvekv bxxvkqbi.Tlc` LXM kaaeoebis fcdb` }k ikkjgkvc oiksciu b} }lc feime`ds) }lcu ak`m}lb}) seòc }lc ikb`$s bxxvkqbi) }lvcc kvakv }c`b`}s lbm eè}eb}cm bo}ek`s bdbe`s}}lc p b a c s c s akv abeivc }k xvkqemc cssc`}ebi scvqeocs. LXM$s Cgcvdcòu Vcxbev

Xvkdvbg lbm sxc`} bxxvk|egb}ciu-4)888 akv aci mcieqcvecs fcobsc }lcGbacscs tkim `k} sxxiu lcb}) bookvme`d }k Nbojec Te`mesol) tlk fcdb`tkvje`d te}l }lc }c`b`}s }lvkdl }lc@kv}l Fvk`| @ p e d l f k v l k k m _}bfeie~b}ek` Xvkdvbg. Fu @kqcgfcv) 25


27/36

Oie`}k` ]c`b`}s @k} Qeo}egs]k }lc Cme}kv>

]lc bv}eoic) &_bics Xveoc akv Oie`}k` Feime`ds Es _}eii b_covc}& ,Bd.'_cx}. Oe}u Iege}s% scvqcs bs b lb`muvcge`mcv ka }lc }v}l ka }lc xve`}cm mesoibegcv }lb} &Bv}eoics e` Oe}u Iege}s mk `k} `cocssbveiu vcaico} }lc kxeèk`ka }lc sxk`skve`d kvdbè~b}ek`s.& ]les sxk`skve`dkvdbè~b}ek` es tve}e`d }k c|xvcss e}s mesbdvccgc`} te}lscqcvbi bsxco}s ka }lc bv}eoic.2. Ok`}vbvu }k tlb} gedl} fc qectcm bs }lc }k`c ka }lcbv}eoic) Oie`}k`$s vcsemc`}s bvc `k} qeo}egs k` }lc vcoceqe`dc`m ka }lc Oe}u$s s}eoj. ]lcu lbqc kvdbè~cm }lcgsciqcs e }k b ibvdc) oklcseqc b`m bv}eoib}c akvoc }lb} lbs lbm }lcakvcsedl} b`m xcvscqcvbòc }k fk}l xii }kdc}lcv gbùmeqcvsc dvkxs e` }lc okggè}u b`m }k cìes} b`m kf}be`}lc kvdbè~cm sxxkv} ka k}lcv okggè}ecs }lvkdlk}}lc oe}u. Bi}lkdl }lc Niu 66`m Fkbvm ka Cs}egb}c tbs e mccm b avs}vb}e`d c|xcvec oc) tlb} }lc bv}eoic mcsovefcs bsb &dc`cvbi olbks ka lkk}e`d b`m uciie`d& tbs e`s}cbm c|'xcvecòcm fu gbù xvcsc`} bs b tcii'akoscm) tciimesoexie`cm mesxibu ka b`dcv b`m xvk}cs}. E} tbs b xvk}cs}}lb} tbs xktcvai) `k} olbk}eo) b`m }lb} abo} tbs ocv}beìuokggèob}cm }k }lc gcgfcvs ka }lc Fkbvm ka Cs}egb}c.6. Bù cqbib}ek` ka }lc sedèaeob oc ka }lc$ sc`sc ka }lcFkbvm& vcski}ek` e`}vkmocm fu Fk}kdl Xvcsemc`} _}ce`gs} }bjc e`}k book`} }lc ok`}c|} e` tleol e} tbs mk`c.]lc ok`}c|} eòimcs> 2% b` kxeèk` fu }lc Okvxkvb}ekÒk`sci }lb} kìu b gbukvbi bdcòu) `k} e`meqembigcgfcvs ka }lc Fkbvm) ob` e`}vkmoc b` bo}bi sbicsvcski}ek` b} }lc Fkbvm: b`m 6% LXM$s ok`}e`cm abeivc kvvcasbi }k e`}vkmoc sol b vcski}ek` akv }lc Oie`}k` b`mTcs} _emc ]EI feime`ds. E` iedl} ka }lcsc abo}s) e}es segxiue`boovb}c }k s}b}c }lb} }lc vcski}ek` mem `k} vcxvcsc`} b&fvcbj'}lvkdl&. ]les es `k} }k eàib}c }lc sedèaeobòc ka}lb} vcski}ek`: ea xbsscm) e} tkim lbqc obvvecm `k icdbib}lkve}u kv sbò}ek`. Uc} e} gs} fc vcokd e~cm }lb} e}s e`'} vkmo}ek`'b`m }lc sxxkv} kvdbè~cm bvk`me}'xvcoexe}b}cm }lc xvkgesc fu Mcx}u Gbukv Icqc`}lbi}k c`svc }lb} LXM teii e`}vkmoc sbics vcski}ek`s fu }lcKo}kfcv 6b mcaeè}c mb}c akv vcski}ek` ka }lc -6_8 essc akv }lc Oie`}k` b`m Tcs} _emc feime`ds. ,]lc abo} }lb} }lc mb}c akvvcski}ek` tbs ouèobiiu sc} akv ba}cv }lc xvegbvu mkcs `k}megeèsl }lc sedèaeobòc ka kf}beè`d b aevg }egc}bfic.%

?. ]lc b}}vef}ek` }k _}ce`$s vcxvcsc`}b}eqc) NcsscGbsuv) ka }lc s}b}cgc`} }lb} }lcvc &tbs`$} bù sxxkv}akv }lc $sc`sc ka }lc Fkbvm$ vcski}ek & es cvvk`cks e` }tkvcsxco}s> Gv. Gbsuv mem `k} gbjc }lb} s}b}cgc`} b`m }lcs}b}gc`} es tvk`d. Oicbviu) }lc Gbukv$s vcxvcsc`}b}eqctkim `k} lbqc bdvccm }k b aevg mb}c akv }lc e`}vkmo}ek`ka b sbics vcski}ek` ea }lcvc tcvc `k} gbnkve}u Fkbvm sxxkv} akv }lc _}ce` vcski}ek`. ]les tbs okàevgcm fuGbsuv$s s}b}cgc`} }k }lc ovktm b} }lc Fkbvm. Te`è`dsxxkv} akv }lc _}ce` vcski}ek` es b }cs}bgc`} }k }lcs}vk`d) tcii'kvdbè~cm dvbssvkk}s caakv}s eè}eb}cm fu Oie`}k` }lb} tk` sxxkv} akv }lc vcski}ek` e` }lc aboc ka kqcvtlcige`d kxxkse}ek` fu }lc Bmgeès}vb}ek`.=. ]lc bv}eoic ok`qcus }lc ges}bjc` egxvcssek` }lb}Oe}u Okòei Xvcsemc`} Fciibgu lbs te}lmvbt` lcv sxxkv} akv }lc -6_8 sbics xveoc akv Oie`}k` tlc`) e` abo}) slclbs vcoc`}iu vcbaaevgcm lcv sxxkv}.

_. ]lc abeivc }k ledliedl} }lc fvcbm}l b`m mcx}l kasxxkv} akv -6_8 akv Oie`}k` avkg `cedlfkvlkkms b`mokggè}u dvkxs avkg }lvkdlk} }lc oe}u deqcs }lc bv}eoic b sib`} }lb} gesscs }lc gbvj. Ic}}cvs fcakvc Niu 66`mb`m }cs}egkù b} }lc Fkbvm lcbve`d avkg xckxic vcxvcsc`}e`d &xdvbme`d& b`m &mcoieè`d& `cedlfkvlkkms e`Fvkkjiu`) Gb`lb}}b` b`m }lc Fvk`| oicbviu e`meob}c }lctemcsxvcbm vcokdè}ek` }lvkdlk} }lc oe}u }lb} }lc mcacb}ka -6_ $8 e` Oie`}k` b`m }lc Tcs} _emc teii }kii b gbnkvmcacb} akv okggè}ecs aedl}e`d akv scia'xvcscvqb}ek` b`mvcqe}bie~b}ek`'e`s}cbm ka dc`}veaeob}ek` b`m mesxibocgc`}. -6_8 akv Oie`}k` es qectcm fu okggè}ecs e` biixbv}s ka }lc oe}u bs b gbnkv }cs} ka }lc Oe}u$_ okgge}gc`}}k e}s xvkgesc ka vc}beè`d oe}u'kt`cm feime`ds bs b xcvgb`c`} lkse`d vcskvoc akv ik`d'}cvg ikt b`m gkmcvb}ceòkgc vcsemc`}s ka }lc Oe}u$s `cedlfkvlkkms.

E} es ove}eobi) csxcoebiiu e` }lcsc }egcs) }lb} Oe}u Iege}s)&]lc @cts Gbdb~e`c ka @ct Ukvj Oe}u Lkse`d b`m@cedlfkvlkkms&ok`}e`c }k jccx e}s akos k` }lc c|}vbkvme`bvu caakv}s ka xckxic e` @ct Ukvj$s `cedlfkvlkkms }ksbqc }lcev lkse`d b`m }lcev okggè}ecs. ]lb} es c|bo}iutlb} }lc xckxic e` Oie`}k` bvc mke`d'te}l b ie}}ic lcixavkg }lcev avec`ms.Fk`èc FvktcvC|co}eqc Mevco}kv)Bsskoeb}ek` ka @cedlfkvlkkm Lkse`d Mcqcikxcvs


28/36

B OK@AENO]KQCV OK@]VBO]_]lc oe}u ok`}vbo}s te}l kqcv scqc`}u okggè}u lkse`d dvkxsakv scvqeocs. Es }lcvc b meqeme`d ie`c fc}tcc` xcvakvgbòc b`mxkie}eos;

_E@OC ]LC VCBDB@ BMGE@E_]VB]EK@ fcdb` e}s vcic`}icssbssbi} k` }lc xvkdvbgs b`m a`me`d}lb} ss}be` }lc tkvj ka okggè}ulkse`d kvdbè~b}ek`s) }lksc dvkxslbqc fcc` sovbgfie`d akv a`ms }k aeii }lclkics. ]lcu tcvc faac}cm lbvmcs} fu }lcikss ka OC]B$s Xfieo _cvqeoc }e}ic tleollbm xvkqemcm a`me`d akv }lc cqcvumbukvdbè~e`d `cocssbvu }k sbiqbdc mes}vcsscm lkse`d b`m }k xib` akv tlb} okimvcxiboc tlb} lbs fcc` iks}.]lc s}cbmu mesbxxcbvbòc kv$ }lesdkqcv`gc`} bsses}bòc lbs gbmc oe}ulkse`d dvkxs eòvcbse`diu mcxc`mc`}k` ikobi b`m s}b}c dvb`}s. ]lcvc bvc b`gfcv ka }lcsc xk}s ka gk`cu bvk`m' gks} ka }lcg gcbdcv b`m bii ka }lcgmte`mie`d. ]lc }tk oleca skvocs akvkxcvb}ek`s a`me`d }lc mkiibvs `ccmcm}k jccx kvdbè~cvs e` }lc s}vcc}s b`m}c`cgc`}s ' bvc }lc s}b}c$s @cedlfkvlkkm Xvcscvqb}ek` Okgxbècs Xvkdvbgb`m }lc oe}u$s Okggè}u Ok`si}b`}Ok`}vbo}s. Fk}l ka }lcsc a`ms)mcqcikxcm e` }lc gem'48s bs lkse`ddvkxs xslcm }lcev xkie}eobi vcxvcsc`}b}eqcs akv dvcb}cv dkqcv`gc`} sxxkv}ka ikobi lkse`d vcqe}bie~b}ek` caakv}s)bvc vcs}veo}cm e` bqbeibfeie}u b`m xkssefiuk` }lcev tbu k}> dvkxs dc}}e`d s}b}c@XX mkiibvs bvc obxxcm b gb|egg bddvcdb}c dvb`} ka -?88)888: oe}u OOOdvkxs bigks} iks} bii ka }lcev a`me`dibs} sxve`d tlc` }lc oe}u kge}}cm }lc ok`}vbo}s avkg }lcev acmcvbi Okggè}uMcqcikxgc`} Fikoj Dvb`} fmdc}.Xvcssvc akv e}s vce`scv}ek` dk} }lc ok`}vbo}s x} fboj e`.Bs }lcsc ikobi a`ms fcokgc eòvcbse`diu gkvc p s o e b i }k sgbii) okggè}ufbscm lkse`d dvkxs e} es csxcoebiiu}vkficskgc }lb} }lc xkie}eobi xveoc @ctUkvj Oe}u mcgb`ms ka dvkxs vcoceqe`da`ms es fce`d xxcm.]les abii }lc oe}u$s Mcxbv}gc`} kaLkse`d Xvcscvqb}ek` b`m Mcqcikxgc }teii s}bv} mesxc`se`d kqcv -6.< geiiek` eòkggè}u ok`si}b`} ok`}vbo}s }k bvcokvm 44 kvdbè~b}ek`s. ]lc ok`}vbo}s) )`kt e` }lcev akv}l ucbv) vb`dc avkg

-68)888 }k kqcv -288)888. ]lcev sc esbegcm b} deqe`d }lc dvkxs }lctlcvcte}lbi }k }bojic }lc lkse`d xvkficgs ka ikt b`m gkmcvb}c eòkgcabgeiecs e` }lcev bvcb. Dvkxs xvkqemcscvqeocs vb`de`d avkg }c`b`} kvdbè~e`db`m ib`mikvm ok`scie`d }k xvknco} xib`è`d b`m xveqb}c e`qcs}gc`} vcove}gc`}.Gol ka }lc tkvj es `mcv}bjc` eòk`nò}ek` te}l oe}u lkse`d mcxbv}gc`} caakv}s> ikobi dvkxs bvc c|xco}cm}k tkvj bik`d te}l }lc oe}u fu tb}olmkdde`d }vkficm xveqb}ciu'kt`cm gi}exicmtciie`ds b`m e`}cvocme`d tlcvc`cocssbvu: }lcu bvc c|xco}cm }k gkè}kv}lc xcvakvgbòc ka okv}'bxxke`}cm bmge`s}vb}kvs ka feime`ds b`m lcix jccx}vboj ka `k'lcb} se}b}ek`s. Dvkxs bvcbisk c|xco}cm }k lcix e` }lc mcqcikxgc`}. ka xib s akv }lc cedlfkvlkkm b`m dc} eàkvgb}ek` bfk} oe}u xvkdvbgs. Tlc`}lc oe}u ibòlcm b `ct ikt'e`}cvcs}lkgc egxvkqcgc`} xvkdvbg ibs} te`}cv)e} ikkjcm }k e}s okggè}u ok`si}b`}ok`}vbo}ccs }k lcix sed` x ikb` bxxieob`}s.F} e} es lbvm }k aE`m tlcvc }k mvbt }lcie`c fc}tcc` }lksc scvqeocs akv tleol }lcoe}u oicbviu ok`}vbo}s b`m sxxkv} b`mxbv}eoexb}ek` fu }lc dvkxs ka xib`s }lcumesbdvcc te}l. Bi}lkdl qev}biiu `k`cteii sbu sk kxcìu) $ b`m skgc ibvdcvkvdbè~b}ek`s sbu e} es`$} sk) }lc ok`}vbo}gbjcs e} meaaEoi} akv }lc dvkxs }k kxxksc oe}u xkieoecs. ]lcu mk sk b} }lcev bxxbvc`} xcvei.K`c dvkx }lb} es fce`d ica} k} ka }lesucbv$s ovkx ka ok`si}b`} ok`}vbo}s esikob}cm e` }lc lcbv} ka k`c ka }lc oe}u$slk}}cs} vcbi cs}b}c gbvjc}s b`m lbs fccè` }lc akvcavk`} e` `gcvks xfieoakvgs kxxkse`d oe}u xkieoecs e` }lb}bvcb. Lkse`d Ok`scvqb}ek` Okkvme`b}kvs) b` kvdbè~b}ek` ikob}cm k`]c`}l Bqc`c b`m Tcs} Aea}u'}levm_}vcc} e` }lc Oie`}k` sco}ek` ka ......... $....}b`) teii `k} vcoceqc bù ka }lc -?3)888e} dk.} ibs} ucbv avkg LXM `mcv }lcok`si}b`} ok`}vbo}. ]lc ok`}vbo})sbem LOO C|co}eqc Mevco}kvNkl` Diu``)

xbv} ka kv }c`b`} kvdbv~gd. E}$sse`dic èks} meaaEoi} xbv} ka kv kxc}ek` }k dc} a`me`d akv avkg k}lcvskvocs. & .LX M bmgeès}vb}kvs e`ses}cm vcbsk`s fcle`m LOO$s mca`me`d ts}veo}iu bmgeès}vb}eqc. ]lc dvkxvkficgs mcqcikxcm k} ka b` e`bfe}k xcvakvg bmcrb}ciu) sbem BssesOkggessek`cv akv Okggè}u Mcqcgc`} Gb`ci Gevbfbi. ]lc dvkx)sbem) vb` baki ka }lc okgxieobqkolcve`d sus}cg tlcvcfu ok`}vbobvc vcegfvscm akv c|xc`me}vcs 'xvkocmvc sk `tecimu b`m okgxic| }e} lbs sxbvjcm kvdbè~cm vcfciiek`s avok`si}b`}s cbol ucbv. ,Mve`d }lc xucbv) gbù dvkxs fbijcm b} sc`mLX M }lc kvede`bis. ka e`qkeocsmcgb`mcm fu }lc bdcòu. ]lc vcr gc`} tbs mvkxxcm ba}cv }lc Okg}vkiicv$s kaaEoc bdvccm e} tbs b` evvcdb`m `}c`bfic fkkjjccxe`d xvbo}eocGevbfbi bisk sbem }lc dvkx lbm abe}k akiikt }lvkdl k` mvbte`d x qki}bvu bdvccgc }s te}l ib`mikvms' b`vb`dcgc`} tlcvcfu e` ocv}eae@cedlfkvlkkm Xvcscvqb}ek` bvcbs ,O}k` es k`c% ib`mikvms sed` qki`}bdvccgc`}s }k vcxbev }lcev mcoie`feime`ds) sbiiu e` kvmcv }k rbieau b oe}u ikb`. ]lc xvbo}eoc es sxxkscmOk`}e`cm k` Xbdc

B`}lkù Diec$mgii`Lkse`d


29/36

Okggè}u Ok`si}b`} Ok`}vbo}sI E_]CM FCIKT BVC ]LC OKGGS@E]U OK@si}b`} Ok`}vbo} btbvms akv }les ucbv. E` gks} obscs)}lc bgk`} ka }lc ok`}vbo} vcxvcsc`}s aeqc'se|}l$s ka }lcok`}vbo} vcoceqcm fu }lc sbgc dvkx ibs} ucbv. ]les vcmo}ek` es fcobsc ka }lc bffvcqeb}cm }c`'gk`}l Okggè}uMcqcikxgc`} ucbv ,scc vcxkv} cisctlcvc e` }lee essc%. ]lcvcbvc skgc c|ocx}ek`s) lktcqcv) b`m }lc btbvme`d ka }lcok`}vbo}s vbescs }lc essc ka tlc}lcv }les acmcvbiiu'sxxiecm)oe}u'bmgeès}vb}cm a`me`d es fce`d sxc`} k` fclbia ka iktb`m gkmcvb}c eòkgc abgeiecs bs }lc acmcvbi icdesib}ek`xvkqemcs. ]les ucbv }lc Fkvkdl ka Rcc`s svxbsscmGb`lb}}b` e` }lc bgk`} ka OOO gk`cu vcoceqcm) te}l-333)


30/36

slkv}o} dke`d e`}k okv}) bi}lkdlgbù }c`b`} ibtucvs qect }lcg bs `càkvocbfic b`m tkv}licss.]lc dvkx$s gkvc gbnkv se`s) fciecqcsDiu``) lbqc fcc` e}s vcasbi }k fboj oe}umcqcikxgc`} xib`s akv }lc sfs}b`}ebixbvocis ka oe}u'kt`cm ib`m e` Oie`}k`)b`m e}s qkobi b`m xktcv>ai sxxkv} akv}lc vedl} ka }c`b`}s gb`bde`d oe}ukt`cm feime`ds }k fu }lcev bxbv}gc`}sakv -638 bxecoc.

Gks} ka e}s mcbie`ds te}l }lc oe}u lkse`d mcxbv}gc`} vcdbvme`d Oie`}k`mcqcikxgc`} bvc }lvkdl }lc Oie`}k`@cedlfkvlkkm Xvcscvqb}ek` kaaeoctleol lbs sx` kaa scqcvbi mcqcikxgc`}solcgcs akv }lc bvcb. B xib` }k scii oe}ufeime`ds }k b vcbi cs}b}c sfsemebvu kaDia b`m Tcs}cv` tbs xfieoiu mc`kòcm fu LOO)bs tbs b xib` }k biikttlb} }lc dvkx aci} tbs b mb`dcvksxvcocmc`} fu deqe`d b tbeqcv akv b okggcvoebi c`}cvxvesc k` b scok`m aikkv e` boe}u feime`d fce`d mcqcikxcm. Gevbfbi. bmge}s }lb} }lc dvkx$s &xkkv tkvje`dvcib}ek`slex& te}l }lc xvcscvqb}ek` kaaeoc lbs fcc` xbv} ka }lc xvkficg f}

mcècm }lb} e}s s}bòc k` }lc bxbv}gc`}sbics essc tbs e` bù tbu e`qkiqcm.Evkèobiiu) ns} ibs} N`c) Lkse`dOkggessek`cv B`}lkù Diecmgb` dbqcLOO b xibrc k` fclbia ka }lc _c}}icgc`} Lkse`d A`m akv &Xvkqeme`dove}eobi icbmcvslex ka vcsemc`}s e` Oie`}k`$s ]c`b`} E`}cveg Icbsc Xvkdvbg.&&Uk$qc fcc` $mke`d b lcoj ka b nkf)&Diecmgb` }kim }lc dvkx b} }lc }egc.]LC GBNKVE]U KA ?8 DVKSX_vcoceqe`d ok`}vbo}s }lb} tcvc xkiicmsbem }lcu j`ct ka e`s}bòcs ka bvg}tes}e`d fu LXM ka ce}lcv }lcev kt`kvdbè~b}ek` kv k}lcvs) uc} k`c tb`}cm}k lbqc book`}s b}}vef}cm }k }lcg._kgc kvdbè~b}ek`s sbem bmbgb`}iu }lculbm `cqcv fcc` okcvocm `kv aci} ok`s}vbe`cm e` bù tbu fu vcoceqe`d }lc oe}uok`}vbo}. Bsjcm tlu }lcu lbm `cqcv aci}okòcv`) b `gfcv ka kvdbè~b}ek`s sbem}lcev kt` xkie}eobi oik} tbs c`kdl }kxvk}co} } l c p . ]lc egxkv}bòc ka }lc ok`}vbo}s biskqbvecs bookvme`d }k }lc se~c ka }lc dvkx .&]lcsc ok`}vbo}s bvc fbvciu iòlgk`cu akv skgc k}ae}s)& sbem b Fvk`|

kvdbè~cv. ]lc ok`}vbo}s vb`dc avkg }lb` }lvcc xcvoc`} ka skgc fmdc}s }kdvcb}cv slbvc ka }lksc ka sgbiicv dvk]lcsc ibs} gs} fc ok`semcvcm }lc gqi`cvbfic }k xvcssvc.K`c tbu }k bqkem }lc xk}c`}ebi okàieo}) sddcs}cm k`c xbv}eoextkim fc }k lbqc }lc oe}u sxcii k}vcbsk`s akv `k} a`me`d dvkxs tlbvc xcvakvge`d b sc} ies} ka aò}ekB`k}lcv mevco}kv ka b sgbii kvdbè~b}sbem slc tkim xvcacv }k lbqc ikobi xkoeb`s lbqc b s}vk`dcv b`m oicbvcv vkidvb`}e`d }lc ok`}vbo}s) bi}lkdl xke`}cm k} ocv}be` dvkxs b`m `cefkvlkkms tlcvc }lb} okim vcsi} e` cdvcb}cv xvcssvc.@k gb}}cv lkt }lc a`ms bvc btbvme} sccgs iejciu }lb} xkie}eobi ok`sem}ek`s teii `cqcv fc }k}biiu vcgkqcm av}lc mcoes ek`. B`m }lcvc bvc }lkvdbè~b}ek`s tleol fciecqc e}$ges}bjc akv bù dvkx }k boocx} gk`cu. ]lc c|xcvecòc ka Lkse`d Oscvqb}ek` Okkvme`b}kvs }les uclktcqcv) es svc }k eòvcbsc }lc xvclc`sek` ka sgbii lkse`d dvkxs].V.

]lcMcas`me`d ka Okkxcv _rsbvc Fu _S_B@ FBIMTE@]LC AS@ME@D XIEDL] KA ]LC6?'ucbv'kim Okkxcv _rbvc Okggè}u Mcqcikxgc`} Okgìe}}cc k` }lcIktcv Cbs} _emc es b }vkfie`d }bic }lb} ess}eii àkime`d.

B} b temciu b}}c`mcm) okggè}usxk`skvcm mcgk`s}vb}ek` ib}c e` Gbu e`sxxkv} ka sbqe`d }les les}kveo) xkiudik}ikt eòkgc `cedlfkvlkkm bdbe`s} vcbics}b}c sxcoib}ek`) Okkxcv _rbvcgbvolcm te}l b fb``cv xvkoibege`d }lb}e} es &Lcvc ]kmbu. Lcvc }k _}bu.& E} ess}eii lcvc }kmbu f} es ae`me`d e}scia e` bscveks ae`bòebi oveses) lbqe`d vcoceqcme}s ae`bi xbugc`} avkg b }lvcc'gk`}l c|}c`sek` ka b okvxgè}u ok`si}b`} ok`}vbo} avkg LXM e` Mcocgfcv) 25


31/36

`k vcbsk`s tcvc deqc` akv }lc mcoesek`.Akiikte`d OMB$s vic fkkj) }lc dvkxbxxcbicm }lc mcoesek`) olbvde`d }lb}OMB lbm abeicm }k bfemc fu e}s kt` vics.Nkeè`d te}l b`k}lcv Iktcv Cbs} _emcdvkx) bisk mcècm a`me`d fu OMB 'E}$s ]egc ' `mcv b Avccmkg ka Eàkv'gb}ek` Bo} oibeg) Okkxcv _rbvc ak`meieb} fk}l dvkxs lb m fcc` sggbveiumcècm a`me`d cqc` }lkdl }lcu tcvcvb}cm ledlcv }lb` aeqc dvkxs }lb} memvcoceqc OMB dvb`}s.

]tk dvkxs) te}l skgc kqcvibxxe`dmevco}kvslex) }lc Bsskoeb}ek` ka Okg'gè}u _cvqeoc Oc`}cvs) Eò. b`m }lcXcv}k Veob` Okòei ,CE Okòeiek%Gi}e'_cvqeoc Oc`}cv /1) gb`bdcm }k dc}}lc iktcs} OMB vb}e`ds f } tcvc btbvmcm -2=1)5


32/36

. BVC UKS B @K@XVKAE] KVDB@E^B]EK@LCIXE@D ]K XBUXB FCII$_ FED XVKAE]_;]lc Bgcveob` ]cicxlk`c Ok`sgcvs Okòei_xcoebie~cs e` Lcixe`d @k`Xvkae}s o} ]lcev ]cicxlk`c C|xc`scs

Obii s akv b ikt oks} b`biuses ka ukv ovvc`} xlk`c feii.

E_ UKSV E@_SVB@O]KK C\XC@_EQC;Ic} s cqbib}c ukv e`sxvkdvbg }k scc ea uk bvc dc}}e`gks} akv ukv mkiibvsBsj akv Dckvdc Icqe`c 6261585881.E` @ct Ncvscu obii 682??881?8

.

)' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ') `_xcoebie~e`d e` iUk`Xvkae} bOk$ggè}u Kvdbè~b}ek`sEGeovkokgx}cv _cvqeocs E

ic} s> gbe`}be` ! xmb}c ukvgbeie`d ies}sxvkmoc ukv gbeie`d

ibfcisxvkqemc okgx}cvok`si}b`} bsses}bòcvcbsk`bfic vb}cs c|}c`mcm }k`k}'akv'xvkae} kvdbè~b}ek`s

2 Xbi _kveagb`,626% 1xbdc lb`mfkkj okqcvs kvdbè~e`d akv sciagb`bdcgc`}) fue`d aci) gbje`d vcxbevs) se`d }lcOe}u Cgcvdcòu Vcxbev Xvkdvbg b` m vcrcs}e`d b 4BBmgeès}vb}kv. Bqbeibfic e` C`diesl kv _xbèsl .

E a xeojcm x> A)vcc }k }c`b`}s b`m kvdbè~b}ek`s

E a gbeicm> -2.38 xcv okxu }k}c`b`}s b`m kvdbè~b}ek`s_c`m kvmcvs) sxcoeaue`d C`diesl kv _xbèsl) te}l

xbugc`} }k> . ]bsj Akvoc k` Oe}u'Kt`cm Xvkxcv}uXvknco} ka [email protected].=6= Tcs} ??vm _}vcc}@ct Ukvj) @U 28882


33/36

Tkvj_lkxXK_gK@_ BQBii..BFIC

Xbv}}egc Bmgeès}vb}eqc Bsses}b`}> Eggcmeb}c kxcè`dakv e`}ciiedc`} xcvsk` teiie`d }k tkvj abs} xboc akv s}b}ctemcskoebi olb`dc kvdbè~b}ek`. Kaaeoc c|xcvecòc) dkkm }uxe`d)rSeoj }le`je`d b gs}. _bibvu bxxvk|egb}ciu -1.38+lv. _c`mvcsgc }k XK Fk| =


34/36

YOk`s`sè}u McqcikxiN2c`}S`mcv Vcbdb`.@kVcsxco}akv ]vbme}ek`FU $Fveb` _iieqb`

_CX]CGFCV NS_] TB_@$] ]LCsbgc akv gc }les ucbv) `k} seòc}lcu olb`dcm }lc acmcvbi Okggè}uMcqcikxgc`} Fikoj Dvb`} ucbv }k okeòemc te}l }lc fcde`è`d ka }lc oe}u$s aesobiucbv k` Niu 2s}. E j`kt akv skgc xckxic_cx}cgfcv gcb`s b Ub`jcc s}vc}ol mveqcakv }lc xc``b`}. Akv k}lcvs) e}$s }lcfcde`è`d ka }lc akk}fbii scbsk`. F} akvgc) e}$ s bitbus gcb`} }lc b``bi ic}}cv kabxxvkqbi avkg LSM }k }lc Gbukv ka@ct Ukvj b}lkve~e`d }lc fcde`è`d kauc} b`k}lcv vkiieoje`d) vkes}cvks OMucbv.Akv scqc ucbvs) }les ic}acv lbs fcc` b`p ` ` s b i ledliedl} akv }lc qbs} OMfvcbovbou. Bmge}}cmiu) e}$s b xvciusugfkieo dcs}vc ,veicss e} scocmcs avkg}lc Sèk`) }lc oe}u es qev}biiu dbvb`}ccm }k dc} e}s OM fkk}u cbol ucbv%) f}}lc` sk es }lc iedl}e`d ka }lc Kiugxeoaibgc) }lc fbii mvkxxe`d k` @ct Ucbv$sCqc e` $]egcs _rbvc b`m Ovb~u Cmmec$sOlves}gbs _bic e` Bds}.Iejc sk gbù k}lcv }egc'lk`kvcm}vbme}ek`s) lktcqcv) }lc _cx}cgfcv OMucbv jeojkaa lbs fcc` sboveaeocm }k }lcovbss okggcvoebiesg k, kv }egcs. E`kvmcv }k srcc~c skgc=2 geiiekve e` bmme}ek`bi OM mkiibvs k} ka LSM) }lc oe}uslkv}c`cm }lc OM 4 ucbv }k kìu }c`gk`}ls) }lcvcfu ovcb}e`d b` e`s}b`}&vkiikqcv& fk`b`~b Ka }tk gk`}lstkv}l ka a`me`d }k fc bmmcm }k OM


35/36

lbqc }k fc gbmc x skgctlcvc. ]les bmgeès}vb}ek`$s bxxvkbol }k OM es }k o}bii }lc k}lcv xvkdvbgs }lb} fc`cae} ikteòkgc xckxic b`m }lcev `cedlfkvlkkmsb`m }lc` kxc` x }lc db}cs }k }lc slve`je`d xk} ka OM gk`cu. ]les bxxvkbol esfbscm k` }lc bssgx}ek` }lb} ikt eòkgc xckxic teii fc sk fsu aedl}e`d cbolk}lcv akv }lc act vcgbeè`d OM mkiibvs}lb} }lcu tk`$} `k}eoc }lc feiiek`s fce`dsexlk`cm }k }lc Xc`}bdk`._k uk scc) cqc` bs }lc kim }vbme}Ek`sabmc) `ct k`cs bvc ak`m }k }bjc }lcevxiboc. F}) ics} uk }le`j }lb} bii kaLSM$s }egc'lk`kvcm OM ocvcgkù lbsfcc` bfb`mk`cm) }lcvc bvc b act e}cgs e`}lc oe}u$s OM < fmdc} }lb} vcgbe` ok`ses}c`} te}l }lc xvkdvbg$s vcoc`} les}kvu.B act c|bgxics slkim vcbssvc }lksc kauk saacve`d avkg }lb} rcbsu accie`d kaOM a}vc'slkoj }lb} skgc }le`ds teii`cqcv olb`dc) b} icbs} k` }lc ikobi icqci.

Bdbe`) LXM es }lc fed dbe`cv e`}les ucbv$s OM fmdc} te}l b` kqcvbii eòvcbsc ka bfk} 1 xcvoc`} x}k -68< geiiek`'kqcv 46 xcvoc`}ka }lc }k}bi OM fmdc}. Cqc` gkvcegxvcsseqc es }lc tkxxe`d ?8 xcv'oc`} eòvcbsc e` }lc fmdc} ie`c akvLXM Bmgeès}vb}ek`"

]lc Xbv}eoexb}ek` Ikb` b`m Bv}e'oic E`dvem Jbge`sje) Book`} C|co}eqc) ,626% 614


36/36

OE]U _CVQEOC_ MCQKSVCM FU

Documents

City Limits Magazine, October 1982 Issue