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Anil Bhardwaj GOC 95 ID- 5028 Assistant Professor SECE Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University , Katra

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  • Anil BhardwajGOC 95 ID- 5028Assistant Professor SECEShri Mata Vaishno Devi University , Katra

  • Evolution of Human Beings

  • Evolution of Cars

  • Definition of ComputersA computer is a electro-mechanical device thatcan be programmed to carry out a set ofarithmetic or logical operations automatically.

  • History of Computers - Long, Long Agobeads on rods to count and calculatestill widely used in Asia!

  • History of Computers - Way Back WhenSlide Rule 1630based on Napiers rules for logarithmsused until 1970s

  • Charles BabbageEnglish inventor1791-1871taught math at Cambridge Universityinvented a viable mechanical computer equivalent to modern digital computers

  • Charles Babbage - 1792-1871Difference Engine c.1822 huge calculator, never finishedAnalytical Engine 1833could store numberscalculating mill used punched metal cards for instructionspowered by steam!accurate to six decimal places

  • 1939: prototype of the first electronic computer

    Assembled by John Atansoff and Cliford Barry. John Atansoff came up with the concept of using binary numbers. Completed in 1942 using 300 vacuum tubes. Could solve small systems of linear equations Image from The History of Computing Project

  • UNIVAC - 1951 First fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. Created at the University of Pennsylvania ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubes Cost a paltry $487,000

  • 1944 Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I ComputerThe IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) Computer was created by IBM for Harvard University, which called it the Mark I. First universal calculator.

  • 1951 UNIVACFirst commercial computer - Between 1951 and 1958, 47 UNIVAC I computers were delivered.25 feet by 50 feet in size5,600 tubes, 18,000 crystal diodes300 relays

    Internal storage capacity of 1,008 fifteen bit words was achieved using 126 mercury delay lines

  • 1964 The mouse and window conceptDouglas Engelbart demonstrates the worlds first mouse, nicknamed after the tail.

    SRI (Stanford Research Institute) received a patent on the mouse in 1970, and licensed it to apple for $40,000.

  • Apple ComputersFounded 1977Apple II released 1977widely used in schools

    Macintosh (left)released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processorfirst commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)

  • IBM PC - 1981IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint ventureFirst wide-selling personal computer used in business8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors4.77 Mhz processing speed256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standardOne or two floppy disk drives

  • Present Computers

  • Four generations of computers

    Vacuum tube (1939) Transistor (invented in 1947, used in IBM 7090 in 1958) Integrated circuit or chip (invented in 1959, used in IBM 360 in 1964) A small wafer of silicon that has been photographically imprinted to contain a large number of transistors together. Large-scale integration: microprocessor (1975) Entire processing unit on a single chip of silicon

  • The Nanometer Size ScaleCarbon nanotube

  • Courtesy : B.Tech: ECE 2010 Batch

    No.Name of The processorYearFeaturSize(um)No. of TransistorsFrequency of operation(MHz)Word Size140041971102.3k0.754280081972103.5k0.5-0.8838080197466k28480861978329k5-101658028619821.5134k6-12166Intel38619851.5-1.0275k16-25327Intel48619891-0.61.2M25-100328Pentium19930.8-0.353.2-4.5M60-300329PentiumIII19990.25-0.189.5-28M450-10003210Intel Core2200665nm291 Million 1.86-3 GHz3211Core i7201132nm995 Million2.9-3.9 GHz64

  • Future of Computers

  • Future of Computers

  • Future of Computers

  • Future of Computers

  • ***


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