"COLD WAR"U.S. AND U.S.S.R.

1945-1991Post World War II conflicts for world leadership between US & USSR

Russia wants1- resources- oil2- warm water ports3- “buffer zone” from German attack

US wants1- more democracies around the world2- stronger Germany to protect against

communism

I. U.S.S.R. gained control in Asia & Eastern Europe

• A. Yalta Conference - USSR agrees to "liberate" Eastern European countries from Nazi control. o As a result the following countries are

incorporated into U.S.S.R. Communist controlled as countries w/ "free government“

Countries behind the Iron Curtain Satellite countries Eastern European countries*Estonia *Lativia

*Lithuania *East Germany*Hungary *Czechoslovakia*part of Poland *part of Romania*active in Greece and Italy

B. Potsdam Conference - Russia agrees to invade Japan if needed in return for

the Sakhalin Islands

U.S. must help free people to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity. Reason:

1) Greek communists were about to seize control of government2) U.S.S.R. forced Turkey to give up control of DardanellesPossible Result: U.S.S.R. control of

N.E. Mediterranean and Suez Canal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmQD_W8Pcxg

II.Truman Doctrine 1947- Eastern Europe

III. Marshall Plan (1947) –Western Europe

1. U.S. - help European countries in self-help efforts for farms, factories,

transport systems- build strong trade partners

2. U.S. supplied money, supplies, machinery to any nation that agreed to take part in program (USSR & satellite nations too)- build strong future military allies in case of war

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xyoviiavusk

IV. Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948

1. Germany is divided after WWII• West Germany –monitored/ supported by

Allies• East Germany- monitored/ supported by

USSR2) Berlin divided after WWII

Great Britain, U.S.S.R. United States, France

3. U.S.S.R. blocked all transport to western zone to force other three powers out.

4. Britain and United States airlift supplies and food for nearly

a year.

5. Succeed: Russia opens blockades

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XLwMXv0_0

V. NATO :North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949

Western Europe, United States, Canada, Iceland

1. An armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America would be considered an attack against all of them.

2. Defensive military coalition against U.S.S.R.

3. U.S.S.R retaliates & creates Warsaw Pact

    

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdaABYlmWzU

The Cold War Comes Home-Tony Kahn

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJ-DwnHIgic