Colonies take Root Chapter 3. The First English Settlements England began to establish colonies in the New World in the late 1500’s England began to

Colonies take RootColonies take Root

Chapter 3Chapter 3

The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements

England began to England began to establish colonies in establish colonies in the New World in the the New World in the late 1500’slate 1500’s

Roanoke was set up in Roanoke was set up in 1585, but was 1585, but was abandoned without a abandoned without a trace by 1590. trace by 1590.

It is unknown where the It is unknown where the people went or what people went or what happened to themhappened to them


In 1607, a group of In 1607, a group of wealthy people wealthy people decided to establish a decided to establish a colony. colony.

They formed the They formed the Virginia Company of Virginia Company of LondonLondon

They received a charter They received a charter from King James Ifrom King James I

The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements These colonists settled These colonists settled

in Chesapeake Bay and in Chesapeake Bay and named their colony named their colony JamestownJamestown

Many colonists were Many colonists were lazy and did not want lazy and did not want to do work, many died to do work, many died from diseasesfrom diseases

By 1608, only 38 out By 1608, only 38 out of 100 colonists livedof 100 colonists lived

The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements John Smith took control John Smith took control

of the colony, he drew of the colony, he drew up new rules, the main up new rules, the main one being “He who one being “He who works not, eats not.”works not, eats not.”

After the colony had After the colony had begun to revive itself, begun to revive itself, Smith returned to Smith returned to EnglandEngland

After this, the most of After this, the most of the people of the people of Jamestown starved to Jamestown starved to deathdeath


The Virginia Company The Virginia Company did not give up, they did not give up, they offered free land to offered free land to colonistscolonists

Colonists found Colonists found tobacco, which grew tobacco, which grew in the New World and in the New World and was popular in was popular in EnglandEngland

By the early 1620’s, By the early 1620’s, Virginia tobacco farmers Virginia tobacco farmers were selling all the were selling all the tobacco they could growtobacco they could grow


Virginia began using a Virginia began using a representative representative government called the government called the House of Burgesses. House of Burgesses.

It could pass laws and It could pass laws and set taxes, it shared set taxes, it shared power with the power with the governor who could governor who could veto its actsveto its acts

In 1619, the Dutch In 1619, the Dutch brought Africans to brought Africans to Virginia and sold as Virginia and sold as slavesslaves


Between 1607 and Between 1607 and 1609, the British 1609, the British colonists left England colonists left England to go to the to go to the Netherlands because Netherlands because they were prosecuted they were prosecuted for their religion. for their religion.

They were still They were still punished in the punished in the Netherlands, so they Netherlands, so they decided to leave and decided to leave and became Pilgrimsbecame Pilgrims

The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements In September of 1620, In September of 1620,

100 Pilgrims sailed for 100 Pilgrims sailed for Virginia on a ship called Virginia on a ship called the Mayflower. the Mayflower.

They arrived in They arrived in Massachusetts, and Massachusetts, and named their city named their city PlymouthPlymouth

They decided to set They decided to set rules called the rules called the Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements These Pilgrims arrived These Pilgrims arrived

too late to plant crops, too late to plant crops, half the colonists died half the colonists died from hunger or diseasefrom hunger or disease

By spring of 1621, the By spring of 1621, the Native Americans Native Americans helped the Pilgrims helped the Pilgrims plan food. plan food.

In the Fall of 1621, In the Fall of 1621, was the first was the first Thanksgiving Thanksgiving CelebrationCelebration

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies

New England includes New England includes Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Island, New Hampshire, Vermont Hampshire, Vermont and Maine. and Maine. Much of it is made of Much of it is made of

hills and low hills and low mountains, there are mountains, there are forest, thin rocky soilforest, thin rocky soil

Winters are long and Winters are long and snowy, summers are snowy, summers are shorter and warmshorter and warm


The Puritans also The Puritans also had hard times in had hard times in England, King England, King Charles I did not like Charles I did not like them and persecuted them and persecuted them. them. Eventually they left Eventually they left

England to go to the England to go to the New WorldNew World They had formed the They had formed the

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Company and were Company and were led by John led by John WinthropWinthrop

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies The Puritans The Puritans

established the established the Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Colony, they created Colony, they created a General Courta General Court The Puritans The Puritans

founded their colony founded their colony as religious as religious tolerationtoleration

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies More religious More religious

disagreements disagreements helped founding the helped founding the other colonies in other colonies in New EnglandNew England Roger Williams who Roger Williams who

was a minister in was a minister in Salem, Salem, Massachusetts, was Massachusetts, was forced to leave. forced to leave. He moved south He moved south

where he bought where he bought land from Native land from Native Americans and Americans and founded the town of founded the town of Providence, in Providence, in Rhode IslandRhode Island


A Boston woman, A Boston woman, Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson was thrown out of was thrown out of Massachusetts and Massachusetts and by 1642, ended up by 1642, ended up in what is now New in what is now New York StateYork State

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies Thomas Hooker, left Thomas Hooker, left

Massachusetts with Massachusetts with 100 followers in 1636, 100 followers in 1636, and settled in is how and settled in is how Hartford, ConnecticutHartford, Connecticut In 1639, the colonist In 1639, the colonist

created the created the “Fundamental “Fundamental Orders of Orders of Connecticut”Connecticut” This established This established

an elected an elected legislature and legislature and governorgovernor

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies John Wheelright was John Wheelright was

forced to leave forced to leave Massachusetts with Massachusetts with followers and moved to followers and moved to Exeter, New HampshireExeter, New Hampshire

Each Puritan town Each Puritan town governed itself by having governed itself by having town meetings.town meetings. Only men who were heads Only men who were heads

of households were of households were allowed at the meetingsallowed at the meetings

The meetings set local The meetings set local taxes, elected people and taxes, elected people and allowed people to speak allowed people to speak their mindstheir minds


New England families New England families grew crops, made grew crops, made leather goods and leather goods and other products, caught other products, caught fish and began a fish and began a shipbuilding industryshipbuilding industry

The New England Colonies The New England Colonies In 1675, there was a In 1675, there was a

conflict between Native conflict between Native Americans led by Americans led by Metacom (King Phillip) Metacom (King Phillip) and fought against the and fought against the English colonistsEnglish colonists

In the 1670’s, there was In the 1670’s, there was a new generation born in a new generation born in the New World, towns the New World, towns began to grow and began to grow and religion became less religion became less importantimportant

The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies

These colonies are These colonies are made up of New York, made up of New York, Pennsylvania, New Pennsylvania, New Jersey and DelawareJersey and Delaware

The climate was The climate was warmer then New warmer then New England with a longer England with a longer growing seasongrowing season There was good soil for There was good soil for

crops like wheat, fruits crops like wheat, fruits and vegetablesand vegetables

The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies New York began as the New York began as the

Dutch Colony of New Dutch Colony of New Netherland, with Netherland, with successful farming along successful farming along the Hudson riverthe Hudson river The Dutch also traded The Dutch also traded

with the English with the English colonistscolonists

In 1664, England’s King In 1664, England’s King Charles II gave all Dutch Charles II gave all Dutch lands in the New World lands in the New World to his brother James, all to his brother James, all he had to do was he had to do was conquer the landconquer the land James sent warships James sent warships

to take over and the to take over and the Dutch Surrendered. Dutch Surrendered.

New Netherland was New Netherland was renamed New York renamed New York after the Duke of Yorkafter the Duke of York


In 1665, New Jersey In 1665, New Jersey split off fro New York split off fro New York to form a new colonyto form a new colony New Jersey began as New Jersey began as

a proprietary colony a proprietary colony and in 1702, became and in 1702, became a royal colonya royal colony

The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies The Quakers believed The Quakers believed

that all people had a that all people had a direct link to God, men direct link to God, men were equal to women were equal to women and they did not believe and they did not believe in slavery. in slavery. In England in the 1660’s, In England in the 1660’s,

the Quakers refused to the Quakers refused to pay their taxes to the pay their taxes to the Church of England and Church of England and were persecuted. were persecuted.

William Penn, a wealthy William Penn, a wealthy Englishman used his Englishman used his connection to get a connection to get a charter for a new colony. charter for a new colony.

This colony ended up This colony ended up being Pennsylvaniabeing Pennsylvania


Delaware was settled Delaware was settled by people from by people from Sweden, then taken Sweden, then taken over by the Dutch, over by the Dutch, then the Englishthen the English In 1704, Delaware In 1704, Delaware

became a separate became a separate colonycolony


The top cash crop The top cash crop was wheat in the was wheat in the Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Manufacturing began Manufacturing began

in the 1700’s, they in the 1700’s, they produced iron, flour produced iron, flour and paperand paper

There were now There were now shoemakers, shoemakers, carpenters, masons, carpenters, masons, weavers and barrel weavers and barrel makersmakers


The western section The western section of Pennsylvania was of Pennsylvania was called the called the backcountrybackcountry People who settled People who settled

there were Scotch-there were Scotch-Irish and GermanIrish and German

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies

a.a. These are south of These are south of the Mason-Dixon the Mason-Dixon line, which is the line, which is the border between border between Maryland and Maryland and PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

b.b. http://www.explorethehttp://www.exploretheline.com/markers.htmline.com/markers.htmll

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies These colonies include These colonies include

Maryland, Virginia, North Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina Carolina, South Carolina and Georgiaand Georgia

These colonies share a These colonies share a coastal area and a coastal area and a swampy areaswampy area

The weather in these The weather in these colonies is warm and colonies is warm and humid, there is a long humid, there is a long growing season that is growing season that is good for tobacco and good for tobacco and ricerice Both of these crops Both of these crops

require many workers require many workers which eventually led to which eventually led to slaveryslavery


The population of The population of Virginia grew slowly, Virginia grew slowly, by 1670, there were by 1670, there were 40,00040,000

The colonists created The colonists created conflicts with the conflicts with the Native Americans by Native Americans by taking more land to taking more land to plant tobaccoplant tobacco


In the 1660’s, In the 1660’s, wealthy Virginia wealthy Virginia tobacco planters tobacco planters bought all the good bought all the good farming land, which farming land, which left no land for the left no land for the poorer colonistspoorer colonists

Most of these Most of these colonists had to work colonists had to work on the wealthier on the wealthier farmsfarms

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies Poor colonists moved Poor colonists moved

inland to find good inland to find good farmland and fighting farmland and fighting broke out with Native broke out with Native AmericansAmericans Nathaniel Bacon became Nathaniel Bacon became

the leader of the frontier the leader of the frontier settlerssettlers

He organized 1,000 He organized 1,000 westerners and began to westerners and began to attack and kill Native attack and kill Native Americans, when he was Americans, when he was called a rebel by the called a rebel by the governor, he reacted by governor, he reacted by attacking Jamestown and attacking Jamestown and burning it to the groundburning it to the ground

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies In 1632, King Charles In 1632, King Charles

I granted a charter for I granted a charter for a new colony to a new colony to George Calvert. George Calvert. He settled Maryland, a He settled Maryland, a

safe place for Catholicssafe place for Catholics He set up a He set up a

representative representative assembly similar to the assembly similar to the House of BurgessHouse of Burgess

The Toleration Act of The Toleration Act of 1649 welcomed all 1649 welcomed all Christians to the colonyChristians to the colony

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies In 1663, King Charles In 1663, King Charles

II granted a charter to II granted a charter to establish Carolinaestablish Carolina

Northern Carolina Northern Carolina developed slowly, they developed slowly, they lived on small farms lived on small farms working with tobacco working with tobacco and lumberand lumber

Southern Carolina grew Southern Carolina grew quickly, sugar grew quickly, sugar grew well, they brought well, they brought slaves from Barbados slaves from Barbados and began to grow riceand began to grow rice

Carolina was split into Carolina was split into two coloniestwo colonies

The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies Georgia was founded for Georgia was founded for

two reasons, first the two reasons, first the English feared the English feared the Spanish would expand Spanish would expand north from Floridanorth from Florida

The second was a The second was a group of wealthy group of wealthy Englishmen led by Englishmen led by James Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe wanted a colony that wanted a colony that would be protection for would be protection for English debtors English debtors

Slavery was banned in Slavery was banned in GeorgiaGeorgia

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies People who lived along People who lived along

the coast lived on the coast lived on plantations where plantations where cotton, sugar and rice cotton, sugar and rice were grownwere grown

Virginia and Maryland Virginia and Maryland settled tobaccosettled tobacco

The backcountry had The backcountry had people who usually lived people who usually lived on isolated farmson isolated farms

Many had one room Many had one room shacksshacks

Girls and women Girls and women worked on the farms worked on the farms with them menwith them men

Spanish Colonies on the Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands Borderlands

Spanish explorers Spanish explorers reached Florida in reached Florida in early 1500’s.early 1500’s.

In 1693, the Spanish In 1693, the Spanish said they would said they would protect any enslaved protect any enslaved Africans who Africans who escaped to Floridaescaped to Florida

By 1763, there were By 1763, there were three Spanish three Spanish settlements in Floridasettlements in Florida


The territory north of The territory north of Mexico was called Mexico was called borderlands, the borderlands, the Spanish wanted to Spanish wanted to protect Mexico from protect Mexico from other European other European powerspowers

The Borderlands The Borderlands included Texas, New included Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and Nevada and CaliforniaCalifornia


In 1598, Juan de In 1598, Juan de Onate led an Onate led an expedition to New expedition to New Mexico to find gold, Mexico to find gold, convert the Native convert the Native Americans to Americans to Christianity and Christianity and establish a establish a permanent colonypermanent colony

The Native The Native Americans suffered Americans suffered under Spanish rule, under Spanish rule, and in 1680, they and in 1680, they drove the Spanish drove the Spanish from the regionfrom the region


Roman Catholics tried to Roman Catholics tried to change Native change Native Americans to ChristianityAmericans to Christianity

A missionary named A missionary named Junipero Serra helped Junipero Serra helped Spain to colonize Spain to colonize California in 1769. California in 1769.

He helped create the He helped create the city of San Diego, San city of San Diego, San Francisco and Los Francisco and Los AngelesAngeles

The Spanish also set up The Spanish also set up presidios to defend the presidios to defend the missionsmissions

The Spanish The Spanish established pueblosestablished pueblos


Thousands of Native Thousands of Native Americans worked Americans worked at Spanish missionsat Spanish missions

They farmed, built They farmed, built churches and churches and learned craftslearned crafts

They worked They worked between five to eight between five to eight hours a day, and five hours a day, and five or six days a weekor six days a week

The Natives were The Natives were punished harshly if punished harshly if they did not follow they did not follow the mission rulesthe mission rules

Documents

Colonies take Root Chapter 3. The First English Settlements England began to establish colonies in the New World in the late 1500’s England began to