COMMUNICATIONPROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICALEJJ 210

Prof. JAG Malherbe15-25, Engineering Ijagm@up.ac.za

ASSIGNMENT 5 FEEDBACK

[1] R. Nagaraj, Renewable energy based small hybrid power system for desalination applications in remote locations, in IEEE 5th India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), June 2012, pp. 1 5.[2] R. Nagaraj, Renewable energy based small hybrid power system for desalination applications in remote locations, in IEEE 5th India Int. Conf. Power Electron. (IICPE), June 2012, pp. 1 5.

[1] J. Arai, K. Iba, T. Funabashi, K. Koyanagi and R. Yokoyama, Power electronics and its application to renewable energy in Japan, IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp.52 66, Mar. 2008.[2] J. Arai, K. Iba, T. Funabashi, K. Koyanagi and R. Yokoyama, Power electronics and its application to renewable energy in Japan, IEEE Circuit Syst. Mag., vol. 8, no. 3, pp.52 66, Mar. 2008.

Do not provide URLs in your referencesName format:A.B. Author, S.E. Author and T.H. Author, The Avoid at all costs 5 x J.C. Lin or any other.Authors, Title of paper, in Name of Conference, year, pp. xx yy.Author(s), Title of paper, Journal title, vol. xx, no. xx, pp. yy zz, Abb. Month, year.Spectrum, IEEE IEEE SpectrumJustification!!

Spacing:After each comma,^period.^ question mark?^exclamation mark!^colon:^semicolon;^Parentheses)^

SCOPUS AND WILEY

Keywords: ((cell phones) AND cancer)

Structure: Paper. Title, Abstract, Keywords, Body, Conclusion, Referencing style and numbering.

13 EXTRACTING INFORMATION AND PARAPHRASING13.1 Obtain references on the Effects of Power Lines on Cancer.Obtaining information: IEEEXplore. Enter via the UP library website. Keywords: ((power lines) AND cancer)

Keywords: (("power lines") AND cancer)

14.2 Chosen references:[1] N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273-284, Mar. 1979.[2] J.E. Moulder and K.R. Foster "Is there a link between power-frequency electric fields and cancer?"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 18, no2, pp. 109 -116, Mar/Apr 1999.[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no. 7, pp.21-23, Jul. 2000.[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag.,vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998.[5] J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Power Lines, Cancer and Erroneous Physics", in Proc. Electro 98, 1998, pp. 171-179.[6] J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Evaluation of Power Line Measurements of the Link with Cancer", in Proc. IEEE Southeastcon '96, 1996, pp. 41-50. [7] Y. Amemiya, "A Comment on some Epidemiologic Papers related to Cancer and Magnetic Fields of Power Lines", in 1999 Intl. Symp.Electromagn. Compat., 1999, pp. 173-176.[8] D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol particles by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll. Electromagn. Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3.

paraphrase

14.3 Example of paraphrasing material obtained from the references.[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no. 7, pp.21-23, Jul. 2000.TWO decades of magnetic field research have yet to explain why living near overhead power lines increases the risk of childhood leukemia. My recent findings lead me to believe that we should have been measuring electric fields instead.

14.3 Example of paraphrasing material obtained from the references.[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no. 7, pp.21-23, Jul. 2000.TWO decades of magnetic field research have yet to explain why living near overhead power lines increases the risk of childhood leukemia. My recent findings lead me to believe that we should have been measuring electric fields instead.For two decades scientists have been concentrating on the magnetic field as the cause of ill effects in humans. It is now proposed that the electric field should be considered rather than the magnetic field.

In 1979 an epidemiological study of childhood cancer in Denver, Colo., yielded startling results. It concluded that living within 20 meters of overhead power distribution lines tripled the risk of childhood leukemia. The study looked at the geometry of power lines on poles, referred to as the wire code, near cancer victims' houses. The researchers then attempted to estimate the current that typically ran through those lines and made the assumption that houses near certain configurations were subjected to higher magnetic fields. Accordingly, they identified a potential link between 60-Hz magnetic fields and cancer, particularly childhood leukemia. However, detailed measurements of the magnetic fields were not made in the Denver study.

In 1979 an epidemiological study of childhood cancer in Denver, Colo., yielded startling results. It concluded that living within 20 meters of overhead power distribution lines tripled the risk of childhood leukemia. The study looked at the geometry of power lines on poles, referred to as the wire code, near cancer victims' houses. The researchers then attempted to estimate the current that typically ran through those lines and made the assumption that houses near certain configurations were subjected to higher magnetic fields. Accordingly, they identified a potential link between 60-Hz magnetic fields and cancer, particularly childhood leukemia. However, detailed measurements of the magnetic fields were not made in the Denver study.Scientists [in Denver, Colo.] investigating the possible link between childhood leukaemia and the proximity to electric power line were surprised to find that there existed a link between leukaemia and the magnetic field generated by nearby power lines. No measurements of fields were made.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver, published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still, this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver, published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still, this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns. A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic field strengths inside the home existed.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver, published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still, this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns. A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic field strengths inside the home existed.FLAWED RESEARCHI read the first Denver study results in 1987. I personally rejected the idea that wire codes could be linked to magnetic fields, and therefore considered the results of the epidemiological research to he flawed. I was not at all convinced that living near power lines might increase childhood cancer risk.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver, published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still, this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns. A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic field strengths inside the home existed.FLAWED RESEARCHI read the first Denver study results in 1987. I personally rejected the idea that wire codes could be linked to magnetic fields, and therefore considered the results of the epidemiological research to he flawed. I was not at all convinced that living near power lines might increase childhood cancer risk. The author believed the results of the epidemiological research to be flawed, and purchased suitable equipment for measuring both magnetic and electric field strengths.

In 1990, after retiring from a career involved with microwave R&D in the aerospace industry, I set out on a personal quest to debunk the theorized link between wire cods and magnetic fields and hence any correlation between magnetic fields and cancer rates. I thought research dollars were being wasted punting this theory. After spending US $300 on instruments that measure both magnetic and electric fields, I needed only a couple of days of making measurements in Tampa, Fla., where I live, and in the Denver area covered by the 1979 study, to verify my evaluation of the relationship between wire codes and magnetic fields - tic correlation is zilch. Later, I visited Santa Monica and West Los Angeles, where the 1991 study was conducted. My measurements there showed an even poorer estimation of magnetic fields by wire codes, and therefore, no reasonable link between magnetic fields and cancer risk.

In 1990, after retiring from a career involved with microwave R&D in the aerospace industry, I set out on a personal quest to debunk the theorized link between wire cods and magnetic fields and hence any correlation between magnetic fields and cancer rates. I thought research dollars were being wasted punting this theory. After spending US $300 on instruments that measure both magnetic and electric fields, I needed only a couple of days of making measurements in Tampa, Fla., where I live, and in the Denver area covered by the 1979 study, to verify my evaluation of the relationship between wire codes and magnetic fields - tic correlation is zilch. Later, I visited Santa Monica and West Los Angeles, where the 1991 study was conducted. My measurements there showed an even poorer estimation of magnetic fields by wire codes, and therefore, no reasonable link between magnetic fields and cancer risk.Measurements performed at various locations [in Tampa, Fl; Denver, Co; Santa Monica, Ca; and West L.A., Ca;] where previous studies had been performed, confirmed no reasonable correlation between magnetic field strength and cancer.

14.4 Summaries of selected references.[1]N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273-284, Mar. 1979. An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain; possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields are suggested.[Cited 1367 times]

14.4 Summaries of selected references.[1]N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273-284, Mar. 1979. An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain; possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields are suggested.[Cited 1367 times]

14.4 Summaries of selected references.[1]N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273-284, Mar. 1979. An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain; possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields are suggested.[Cited 1367 times]

[4]R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998."The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7]. More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4]R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998."The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7]. More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4]R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998."The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7]. More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4]R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998."The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7]. More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4]R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June 1998."The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7]. More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et al. [11] and Pickard [12].

A summary of the relevant literature is presented [King gives a complete summary of the relevant literature on the topic]; the publications summarizing epidemiological studies are grouped, and other authors and their contributions identified.The paper does not deal with epidemiology per s; rather, it explains the nature of electromagnetic fields scientifically, and analyzes the properties of the human body in terms of conductivity, permittivity, permeability, and its behaviour under conditions of static, slowly varying and AC fields. The errors in argument when simplified models of the human body are defined are pointed out, and alternative models are proposed. It is then shown that field effects could be radically different if the proposed models are used.NO!!!

This background of basic research provides the tools for 1) accurately calculating the electromagnetic field near a power line; 2) quantitatively correlating this field with the fields and currents induced by them in the human body; 3) relating these fields to fields used in laboratory experiments with living tissues; and 4) comparing induced fields with epidemiological results. "The apparently popular approach to completely neglect the effects of the electric field is shown to be a serious error. Methods for following a proper scientific method are presented.

[5]J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Power Lines, Cancer and Erroneous Physics", in Proc. Electro 98, 1998, pp. 171-179."ABSTRACTA 1979 epidemiologic study in Denver found that living near overhead distribution lines significantly increased the risk of certain kinds childhood cancers. No measurements of electrical quantities were made. The hypothesis advanced as an explanation was that the magnetic field would be the causative agent and that the magnetic fields could be estimated by counting the number of conductors on the line and measuring the distance to the home, termed wiring configurations. By estimating the induced current density in humans standing below the power lines, one learns that the electric field must be considered as a possible causative agent. The follow on study in Denver failed to properly measure the fields directly under the power line. The defined wiring configuration codes failed to account for the spacing of the conductors or the location of the residence with respect to the supply substation.

The idea that wiring configurations (a.k.a. wiring codes) estimate magnetic fields is erroneous. The studies in Denver, Los Angeles, Sweden, Finland, and a large area in the USA have found insufficient confidence in the magnetic field hypothesis, possibly because of many other physics errors; e.g., ignoring the role of vector direction, time and space averaging, not measuring any reasonable aspect of the power line electric fields, ignoring the engineering design differences in the transmission and distribution systems. The Scandinavian studies concentrated on 1 15 Kv to 400 kV bulk transmission lines; yet, failed to consider the electric fields which induce at least ten times greater current density in a human than do the magnetic fields near the same lines. The cumulative effect of these serious errors in engineering physics is that the past decade of funded research has failed to explain why living adjacent to overhead distribution power lines in Denver and Los Angeles and living within 50 meters of bulk transmission lines in Sweden increases the risk of childhood leukemia."

[The authors initially discuss] The background of the popular conceptions that the current carried in power lines cause magnetic fields which in turn can be harmful to human health is discussed. It is argued that the electric field strength in fact causes current to flow in the body and that it, rather than the magnetic field strength, could have a much more serious effect on health.It is shown that certain major errors were made in arguments in the past, such as neglecting current density, not taking peak current density into account, neglecting the effects of electric flux density, not taking the effects of buried power lines into consideration, and making use of wiring codes to estimate exposure.In analyzing specific epidemiological studies, it is shown that, for instance, only transmission line effects were taken into consideration, and not the effects caused by pole-mounted transformers. Additionally, once again no measurements were performed, only estimates based on conductor geometry.

[6]J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Evaluation of Power Line Measurements of the Link with Cancer", in Proc. IEEE Southeastcon '96, 1996, pp. 41-50."Abstract - One rather widely accepted viewpoint of the possible link of overhead power lines to increased cancer risk was presented in IEEE Spectrum, Dec. 1994 [l]. We present measurement data regarding the epidemiology studies to counter this viewpoint. The statistics relating increased childhood cancer risk to living within 20 m of Denver and Los Angeles overhead power lines, within 50 m of 220 and 400 kV overhead power lines in Sweden, are significant and require engineers and other scientists to determine the cause. However, the measured data do not support the hypothesis that magnetic fields cause the increased cancer risk. True electromagnetic fields are insignificant in terms measurable biological effects. Research since about 1980 has neglected the hypothesis that electric fields might explain the increased cancer risk. Your authors agree with the American Physical Society in suggesting research funding for magnetic fields should be terminated."

In an earlier work by the same authors, it is argued that time-averaging of fields to determine exposure effects is a serious error, and that use of the term electromagnetic fields, which imply radiating effects, is incorrect. At 60Hz the wavelength is 5 000 km, and in the context of the size of a human, radiation is zero. They once again stress the fact that one cannot rely purely on magnetic fields, but that electric fields should also be taken into consideration.They do express concern over the possible link between electric or magnetic fields and leukaemia, as determined by various epidemiological studies over a period of time.

[7]Y. Amemiya, "A Comment on some Epidemiologic Papers related to Cancer and Magnetic Fields of Power Lines", in 1999 Intl. Symp.Electromagn. Compat., 1999, pp. 173-176."Abstract: Many epidemiologic papers on the relation between cancer and magnetic fields of power lines have been published. This paper presents a new interpretation of them. Some public panels that reviewed this paper stated that that is no conclusive evidence to show that magnetic fields cause cancer. Others stated that magnetic fields are carcinogenic. The difference between the conclusions of the panels is from discrepancies in interpreting the same papers. I examined the reasoning of some epidemiologic papers from their premise to the conclusion and found that in a Swedish paper (Karolinska Inst.) there was a logical contradiction and in a Nordic pooled paper pooling data of a Danish, a Finnish and the Swedish studies there was a logical fallacy Therefore, I could not accept that the hypothesis 'there is an association between power-line magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia' was verified."

Historic background. Nat. Inst. of Environmental Health Science voted to consider power lines hazardous to health. The hypothesis that power lines are hazardous is made, and it is shown that the conclusion wanted is equal to the hypothesis.The author speculates that the authors of the Swedish and Nordic papers have made an error in logical argument. As they could not find a direct link, satisfying their hypothesis, they gave it up and decide to pool results from other studies rather than modify their hypothesis. It is suggested that they should have given up satisfying their hypothesis.

"PremiseThe authors of the paper assumed that a measure for representing the magnetic fields was the calculated historical magnetic fields irrespective of kinds of residential house. In plain words, this means, I think, that regardless of whether children live in a one-family house or an apartment, they can contract leukaemia from the magnetic fields of power lines [A].Results of the analysisUsing a stratum-specific analysis, the authors obtained the result that there was the association for children residing in a one-family house but not for children residing in an apartment [B]. It is known from Table 2.DiscussionTable 2 shows the relative risk RR and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) when the calculated magnetic fields are 2 rnG (0.2 T) and larger, where the RR is assumed to be unity when it is 0.9 mG and smaller; n is number of cases; I and II correspond respectively to the data for the one-family houses and apartments and III corresponds to the pooled data. Therefore, it is obvious that the results of the analysis (B] are inconsistent with the premise [A]: I suspect that there is a contradiction in logic."

It is also shown that there is a logical fallacy in that it was shown that children living in a residential house do not have the same probability of contracting leukaemia as those living in an apartment. This is shown to be a contradiction in logic.

[8]D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol particles by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll. Electromagn. Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3."Extended AbstractPower frequency electromagnetic fields, EMFs interact with natural and pollutant aerosols in air by mechanisms that are deeply rooted in basic physics. This interaction, mediated principally by the electric, E-field component is readily demonstrated and we have suggested that the phenomenon may explain the epidemiological association between exposure to EM-fields under powerlines and the raised incidence of childhood cancer.

[8]D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol particles by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll. Electromagn. Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3."Extended AbstractPower frequency electromagnetic fields, EMFs interact with natural and pollutant aerosols in air by mechanisms that are deeply rooted in basic physics. This interaction, mediated principally by the electric, E-field component is readily demonstrated and we have suggested that the phenomenon may explain the epidemiological association between exposure to EM-fields under powerlines and the raised incidence of childhood cancer.Carcinogenic (and other) particles become charged can accumulate in the vicinity of power lines. This could lead to the increase of leukaemia in children.

The next AssignmentsAssignment 6: Wednesday 25/03. Paraphrase three of your references. Note that there will not be enough time to do the paraphrasing during the tutorial time. Paraphrasing must be done before the tutorial, and then only submitted during the tutorial.Assignment 7: Create a title, an abstract, and keywords in the final format. Paraphrase the remaining two references (15/04).Assignment 8: Write a paper, using the material of Assignments 5 7 (13/05).

16-2003Literature search, Google Scholar & Scopus; Paraphrasing. Lecture 6Lab tutorial 6ASS 5. Accessing information. Literature search on topic: references423-2703Structure: Paper. Title, Abstract, Keywords, Body, Conclusion, Referencing style and numbering.Lecture 7Lab tutorial 7ASS 6. Paraphrase 3 references.430/03-10/04 RECESS13-1704Logic.Lecture 8Lab Tutorial 8ASS 7. Paraphrase 2 references, title, key-words & abstract420-2404Power PointsLecture 9Lab Tutorial 9ASS 9. PowerPoint file427-30/04 RECESS04-08/05 TEST WEEK11-1505ASS 10. Individual PresentationsLecture 10Lab tutorial 10ASS 8. Final Paper (submission)ASS 10. Individual Presentations4

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin assignments.

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin assignments.This means you can work at home, on your own, and submit via Turnitin which will evaluate your material for correspondence with all other material, including EJJ 210.

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin assignments.This means you can work at home, on your own, and submit via Turnitin which will evaluate your material for correspondence with all other material, including EJJ 210.Submission will take place at the labs from 07:30 to 09:20. You may talk, walk, phone, and do all the stuff you always wanted to do during a tutorial. There will not be groups.

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