Communication

ProcessSession 3 Introduction to Comm Science

Message,

Channel /Media &

Feedback

We’re gonna talk about… Some elements of communication that help

define the communication process …

Communication

process on a basic

life function

And next we’re gonna talk

about…

And finally you have to… Work on a group assignment!

On the last 30

minutes, you have to

form a group and work

on a group

assignment on today’s

topic. So pay attention

closely to the

presentation!

hide

Elements of Communication Remember this?

1.Senderswho formulate,

encode, and

transmit a

message

2.Receiverswho receive,

decode, and

interpret a

message

3.MessageThe content of communicative act

• non verbal

• verbal

• ideas

• our facial expression

• information

• concepts

• etc

4. ChannelsA medium through which

message is sent

- verbal and non verbal

- TV, Radio, Magazine, Newspaper,

Internet

- Seminar, Meetings

- Face to face, Interviews

5. NoiseEverything that interferes with or distorts the ability

to send and receive message

• Internal Noise

(psychological, physical, intellectual)

• External Noise

(loud siren, hot/cold room temperature, disturbing

smell, prejudices, perception)

6. ContextThe setting or part of situation that

surrounds a particular things.

- Home

- Stadium

- Church

- Mosque

- Funeral

- Club

- etc

7. FeedbackInformation returned from

receiver to a message source

(sender)

Positive feedback

Negative feedback

Internal feedback

External feedback

8. EffectThe communication outcome

Emotional

(joy, anger, sadness, fun)

Physical

(to fight, argue, and evade issue)

Cognitive

(new insights, increase knowledge)

The Channels

Channels refer to the

ways in which the

messages travels to the

receiver

Saluran yang biasanya

dipergunakan dalam

upaya penyebarluasan

pesan, yaitu:

- Saluran komunikasi

personal

- Saluran komunikasi

non-personal

Channel

The Channels

The channels of face-to-face

communication are the

sensory organs

ChannelsLight waves carry visual messages

ChannelsSound waves carry spoken words

Touch is also channel with

tactile sensory

Channels

ChannelsAir currents carry messages through

the olfactory channel to our noses

The Channels

of OrganizationalCommunication include newsletter,

memo, company email-messages,

bulletin boards, annual reports, etc

The Channels

of Mass Communication

In mass communication, the

primary channels are newspapers,

radio, film, television, and internet

Print MediaWeakness

- Slow

process/progress

- Limitation of

visual

- No audio

Strengths

- Repeatable

- More detail

- Analyze more

deeply

Electronic Media

Weakness- No repetition

- Lack of detail

- High cost

Strengths- Fast from time

- Audio visual

- Potential to reach

large numbers of

people

The Internet

Strengths- Very fast

- Audio visual

- Practical and

flexible

- Potential to reach

large numbers of

people

Weakness-Lack of privacy

The Feedback

Feedback refers to those responses of the

receiver that shape and alter subsequent

message of the source

FeedbackPositive Feedback – the original

receiver

encouraged the communication.

Negative Feedback – the original

receiver terminated the communication.

Feedback

FeedbackImmediate feedback occurs when

the reactions of the receiver are

directly perceived by the source

FeedbackDelayed feedback occurs when the

reactions of the receiver take a while

time to communicate to the source

Communication Modes

1. Visual Messages

2. Tactile Messages

3. Olfactory and Gustatory

Messages

4. Auditory Messages

Visual Messages

“The little details are by far the most important”Sherlock Holmes to Dr. Watson

Visual Messages• Particularly important, example: a

wave and a smile, a blush of

embarrassment, a tear, new clothes,

new car, headline of news, etc

• Potential sources of information that

can hold great significance for us

when they are noticed and attended

to with all of that

Visual Messages• Sight

• Facial Displays

• Movement of Body Parts

Visual Messages• Position

Visual Messages• Distance and Spacing

Visual Messages

• Adornment

Visual Messages• Dress

Tactile MessagesPhysical contact plays

a critical role in biological

and social development

of human.

Tactile Messages• Touch

• Vibration

• Stroking

• Rubbing

• Pressure

• Pain

• Temperature

Olfactory & Gustatory

Messages

Olfactory & Gustatory

MessagesHuman have the set

of organs for

chemical message

production

and

reception

Olfactory & Gustatory

Messages• Smell

• Body Odors

• Special Chemicals

• Food sources, fragrances, taste

Auditory MessagesAuditory messages

provide

critical links

to

the environment

and

to one another.

Auditory Messages

• Sound

• Incidental Sounds

• Vibration

Auditory Messages• Whistling

• Drumming

• Rubbing

• Vocalization

Communication As A Basic

Life Function

• Courtship and Mating

• Reproduction

• Parent-Offspring Relation & Socialization

• Navigation

• Self-Defense

• Territoriality

Courtship and Mating

• Must be able to identify other individuals

of their own species

• Must attract or persuade one another

• The process through visual, auditory, and

tactile also chemical cues

• Involve persuasion and negotiation

Wondering why they’re look a

like?

Reproduction

Any species, including human, as they

reach adulthood, bear a strong physical

resemblance to their parents.

Reproduction

Reproduction of human offspring by their

parents begins at the moment of

conception as the sperm and egg join.

Reproduction

Egg cells and sperm cells carries ‘the

messages’ necessary to parents

contribution to character and physical

inherited on their child.

Parent-Offspring Relation

and Socialization

• Children’s survival depends on relations

with adults

• We are dependent others than other

creatures.

• Essential to survival

Navigation

• Purposeful movement

• Goal-directed movement is necessary for

nearly all of life’s activities

• Walking across a room to pick up a

magazine, requires the processing of

information of location, destination, and

incremental progress.

Self-Defense

• Communication plays an important role in

the processes through which living

systems identify and respond to potential

threats to their safety and well-being.

Territoriality

• Important to human life as it is to lives

of many other animals.

• Maintain personal space, example bag

on empty seat in bus, class or

big umbrella on the beach, etc

Territoriality

• Spend time of selecting, allocating, and

decorating homes, offices, and apartments

• Providing territories serve the

communicative functions, including

establishment and display of personal,

social, economic, and occupational

identity and status

And finally you have to… Work on a group assignment!

-Your group have to find an

write examples on

communication as a basic life

functions.

- These examples could be

fictious, or taken from your

experience life, from a movie

or a story, even from ad and

news

- Assignment has to be

handed on the end of this

session.

- Let’s start the discussion!

Sources

• Image:www. missmobile.wordpress.com

www.inmage

www.motivatethyself.com

www.m-t-d.co.uk

www.thecleaningforce.com

www.inmagine.com