ComplexEmergencies_UpdateandPolicyRecommendations

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Complex Emergencies Update and Policy Recommendations

BACKGROUND:

For the purpose of this analysis, we have used the UN Consolidated Appeals definition of

!ountries in "!o#ple$ e#er%en!ies& as !ountries with ar#ed !onfli!ts affe!tin% lar%e!ivilian populations throu%h dire!t violen!e, for!ed displa!e#ent and food s!ar!ity,

resultin% in #alnutrition, hi%h #or'idity and #ortality(

)#er%en!ies !an 'e !onsidered in three phases: a!tive !onfli!t, !hroni! !onfli!t, and

reha'ilitation *or develop#ent+( An a!ute !onfli!t usually %enerates suffi!ient fundin% for

i##uniation throu%h international appeals( -owever, this is not sustained. in a !hroni!

!onfli!t or reha'ilitation phase, appeals are #u!h less su!!essful, leavin% lar%e %aps in the

fundin% needs for i##uniation(

Of the /0 !ountries !lassified as those e$perien!in% !o#ple$ e#er%en!ies, // are eli%i'le

for support fro# the Glo'al Fund for Childrens 1a!!ines *see 2a'le 3+( Of these, 3/ have

'een approved4re!o##ended for support or !onditional approval, 5 are preparin%

proposals, and / have 'een as6ed to re7su'#it( 2he status of 8 !ountries is !urrently

un6nown( 2hus, the proposal pro!ess appears to 'e wor6in% for a #a9ority of !ountries

!lassified as e$perien!in% !o#ple$ e#er%en!ies(

O;>)NDA2


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Co#ple$ )#er%en!ies Ba!6%round aper

Immunization During Complex Emergencies

1. Introduction

At its Nove#'er /EEE #eetin% in Noordwi96, the GA1< Board reuested @-O and UN


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Tale I! "or#ing sc$eme %or t$e p$ases o% a complex emergency

Parameters

&cti'e Con%lict C$ronic Con%lict Re$ailitation

(or de'elopment)

&ccess and *ta%%*ecurity

No or e$tre#ely li#ited.no infor#ation on safety

Un!ertain, shiftin% a!!ess, 'ut!learer infor#ation on se!urity(

ilitary aspe!ts. !onfli!tin%parties un6nown or notIoffi!ially re!o%nied

oliti!al and hu#anitarian aspe!tsof the !risis

oliti!al value ofhu#anitarian interventions

Coordination o%

ealt$ &cti'ities

re!arious, often NGO or UNled *?pe!ial )nvoy and4or-u#anitarian Coordinator+

UN #e!hanis#s with internationaland lo!al partner a%en!ies *RedCross, NGOs,et!(+(

National #e!hanis#sreesta'lished withUN4NGOs supportin% role(

A%ain, 2a'le < is only a s!he#e to help understand the !y!le of events a !ountry, or part of a

!ountry, #ay 'e passin% throu%h when affe!ted 'y a !o#ple$ e#er%en!y( For e$a#ple, in the

De#o!rati! Repu'li! of the Con%o the situation is e$tre#ely hetero%eneous with the eastern

re%ion *Kivu, Kisan%ani+ in a!ute !risis phase where there is little or no a!!ess to the affe!ted

population. in the !entral re%ion of Katan%a is in a state of !hroni! !onfli!t *in fa!t the !risis ispro%ressively di#inishin%+ and the !apital re%ion of Kinshasa is in a reha'ilitation *al#ost

Inor#al+ phase(

. Immunization in Complex Emergencies

Vulnerability of Services:e$istin% i##uniation servi!es are parti!ularly vulnera'le to

!o#ple$ e#er%en!ies for a nu#'er of reasons( For e$a#ple, routine servi!e delivery is

usually heavily dependent on a fun!tionin% transport, !o##uni!ations and !old !hain

infrastru!ture( For strate%i! purposes, this infrastru!ture is a#on% the thin%s tar%eted durin% a

!onfli!t, thus !o#pro#isin% the transport and stora%e of va!!ines and i##uniation servi!es,as well as resultin% in isolation of staff and irre%ular, if any, pay#ent of salaries( easles is parti!ularly notorious for e$ploitin% e#er%en!ies to !ause epide#i!s

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with !ase7fatality rates e$!eedin% 58( Despite the vulnera'ility of routine i##uniation

servi!es to !o#ple$ e#er%en!ies there is e$tre#ely %ood eviden!e that with the appropriate

strate%y and resour!es #ost va!!ine7preventa'le diseases !an rapidly 'e !ontrolled throu%h

al#ost all phases of su!h an e#er%en!y( -owever, !o#ple$ e#er%en!ies are not

ho#o%eneous pheno#ena and there is no sin%le solution 7 fle$i'ility is the 6ey(

2he strate%ies for deliverin% i##uniation servi!es in the settin% of a !o#ple$ e#er%en!y

#ay differ !onsidera'ly fro# a routine i##uniation pro%ra##e in a sta'le settin%( 2a'le o- and NationalGovern#ental A%en!ies

Develop#ent oriented

Disease sur'eillance Rapid health assess#ent and epide#i!dete!tion(


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Tale III! Traditional antigens targeted %or use in eac$ 5p$ase6 o% a complex emergency.

&ntigens or

Inter'ention in

order o% priority

&cti'e Con%lict C$ronic Con%lict Re$ailitation

-easles +++ ++ +

Poliomyelitis +++ ++ +

7itamin & +++ ++ +

8ello /e'er ++ +

9.-eningitis ++ +

DTP +


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&nnex 1

4ist o% countries and regions a%%ected y complex emergencies it$ t$eir total

population and t$e estimated 'ulnerale population according to t$e U9 C&P 2::1

Countries and Re%ions in

!o#ple$ e#er%en!y

a!!ordin% to the CA

/EE3

2otal

population

*@orld -ealth

Report /EEE+

1ulnera'le

population

a!!ordin% to UN

CA

)li%i'le

for

1a!!ine

Fund

?tatus of Fund

appli!ation

3( Af%hanistan /3,L/5,EEE 3E,EE,EEE yes ARO1)D *re!(+

/( Al'ania 5,335,EEE 8,EEE yes ARO1)D *re!(+

5( An%ola 3/,ML,EEE 3,LEE,EEE yes n!no"n

( Bosnia H -ere%ovina 5,05L,EEE 3,35,EEE yes COND ARO1A; *re!(+

8( Burundi ,88,EEE 3,/,EEE yes

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ComplexEmergencies_UpdateandPolicyRecommendations