COMPUTATION OF INFLOWS AND OUTFLOWS OF ... Harbor Brook at Syracuse 16 Butternut Creek near Jamesville 17 Cayuga Inlet near Ithaca 18 Flint Creek at Phelps 9 Clyde River at Lock 26,

COMPUTATION OF INFLOWS AND OUTFLOWS OF EIGHT REGULATED LAKES

IN THE OSWEGO RIVER BASIN, NEW YORK, 1930-79

by Richard Lumia and Richard B. Moore

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4112

Prepared in cooperation with

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

Albany, New York

1983

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

JAMES G. WATT, SECRETARY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to:

U.S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 1350 Albany, New York 12201 Telephone (518) 472-3107

Copies of this report may be purchased from:

Open-File Services SectionWestern Distribution BranchU.S. Geological SurveyBox 25425, Denver Federal CenterDenver, Colo. 80225Telephone (303) 234-5888

11

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract................................................................ 1Introduction............................................................ 1

Purpose and Scope................................................... 1Acknowledgments..................................................... 2Terminology......................................................... 2

Oswego River basin...................................................... 2Data compilation and preliminary computations........................... 4

Seneca Lake......................................................... 4Otisco Lake......................................................... 5

Lake-inflow computations................................................ 8Sources and magnitude of errors..................................... 9Lake-level hydrograph-smoothing technique........................... 11Evaluation of smoothing technique................................... 14Estimation of net inflows for periods of missing record............. 16

Oswego River basin runoff computations.................................. 19Summary and conclusions................................................. 22Selected references..................................................... 23

TABLES

Table 1. Drainage area and surface area of lakes and river-monitoringsites in Oswego River basin.................................. 5

2. Sources and types of data used in study...................... 6

3. Effect of random lake-level fluctuations on computed netinflows to two representative lakes.......................... 11

4. Correlations of daily streamflows, October 1, 1959 toSeptember 30, 1980........................................... 13

5. Effects of smoothing daily lake-level data on computeddaily net inflows to four selected lakes..................... 14

6. Effects of smoothing daily lake-level data on computedmonthly net inflows to three selected lakes.................. 15

7. Summary of regression analyses to estimate inflows........... 18

8. Mean annual runoff values in selected subbasins ofOswego River basin, 1935-79.................................. 20

9. Monthly mean flows at selected sites in the Oswego Riverbasin, New York.............................................. 27

iii

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Figure 1. Map showing major geographic features of Oswego River basin and location of selected hydrologic monitoring sites........

2. Graphs showing example of random fluctuations in plot of hourly recorded lake levels..............................

3. Graph showing example of lake-level hydrograph smoothing technique, Cayuga Lake, July to December 1952............

4. Graphs showing example of inflow and outflow data used to evaluate lake-level hydrograph-smoothing technique........

5. Map showing distribution of mean annual precipitation and mean annual runoff within Oswego River subbasins..........

6. Graphs showing monthly values of discharge of Cohocton River and net inflows to eight lakes in Oswego River basin, 1930-79.....................................................

10

12

17

21

24

CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The following factors may be used to convert inch-pound units of measurement to the International System of Units (SI).

Multiply

inch (in)

foot (ft) mile (mi)

square mile (mi 2 ) acre

acre-foot (acre-ft)

cubic foot per second (ft3/s )

gallon per day (gal/d)

by_

2.54 x 10 1 , 2.54 x 10~'

3.048 x 10' 1.609

Area

2.5904.047 x 10 3 34.047 x 10"

Volume

1.233 x 10 3 , 1.233 x 10~

Flow

2.832 x 10~'

2.642 x 10"'

To obtain

millimeter (mm) meter (m) meter (m) kilometer (km)

square kilometer (km2 ) square meter (m ) square kilometer (km )

Qcubic meter (m )

^cubic kilometer (km )

cubic meter per second(m3/ s )

liter per day (L/d)

iv

Computation of Inflows and Outflows of Eight

Regulated Lakes in the Oswego River Basin,

New York, 1930-79

By Richard Lumia and Richard B. Moore

ABSTRACT

Estimates of daily inflows and outflows of eight regulated lakes in the Oswego River basin and discharges of three rivers draining these lakes were computed and compiled for use in evaluating lake-regulation procedures in the basin's stream and reservoir system and are stored on computer. This report includes a table of monthly flows at these sites from 1930-79.

Computations were based on records from the 1930-79 water years. Daily net inflow estimates (lake inflow minus evaporation and possible ground-water seepage) were computed from the outflows and changes in lake storage. Lake storage was estimated from lake-level data and elevation-capacity curves for each lake. A smoothing technique was applied to plots of daily lake levels before net inflows were computed. Where lake-level or outflow data were missing, net inflows were estimated from linear-regression equations.

Analysis of results indicates that (1) smoothing the plots of daily lake levels significantly reduces random fluctuations resulting from seiche or wind action; (2) continuous lake-stage recorders provide a more reliable record than staff gages (once-daily, lake-level readings) for computing daily changes in lake storage; and (3) the effect of smoothing decreases as the computation al period is increased.

INTRODUCTION

Most regulated lakes and rivers in the Oswego River basin serve multiple purposes, including flood control, low-flow augmentation, water supply, Barge Canal use, hydroelectric power, and recreation. Sound management of these resources depends on an extensive and reliable data base of flows. In 1980-81, the U.S. Geological Survey compiled and computed estimates of daily inflows and outflows of eight regulated lakes in the Oswego River basin and discharges of three rivers draining the lakes for the 1930-79 water years. Several approximating procedures were used to obtain best estimates of daily flows. The resulting data are on file at the office of the U.S. Geological Survey in Albany, N.Y., and are available for inspection.

Purpose and Scope

This report describes (1) methods of computation used to obtain the daily lake inflows and outflows and river discharges; (2) sources of error and their implications for reliability of the computed values; and (3) a technique for smoothing lake-level hydrographs that minimizes the effect of random fluc tuations in daily lake-levels resulting from seiche or wind action.

Acknowledgments

This study was done in cooperation with the U.S. Array Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District. Data were provided by New York State Department of Transportation; the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; the cities of Auburn, Syracuse, Canandaigua, and Rome; the Onondaga County Water Authority; the villages of Penn Yan, Newark, Gorham, and Palmyra; the Niagara Mohawk Corporation; and the New York Electric and Gas Coporation.

Terminology

Water year. a continuous 12-month period from October 1 to September 30, arbitrarily selected for the presentation of data relative to hydrologic or meteorologic trends. For example, October 1, 1929 to September 30, 1930 is the 1930 water year. All periods referred to in this report are water years.

NGVD. most elevation data in this report are referenced to National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, which is a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called mean sea level. NGVD of 1929 is referred to as sea level in this report.

OSWEGO RIVER BASIN

The Oswego River basin, in west-central New York (fig. 1), has a maximum width of 100 mi and a maximum length (north-south) of 75 mi. The basin drains 5,100 mi2 (Greeson and Williams, 1970). The Oneida and Seneca Rivers join to form the Oswego River, which flows northwestward into Lake Ontario at Oswego.

The New York State Barge Canal, maintained and operated by the New York State Department of Transportation, traverses the basin from west to east. The Cayuga-Seneca Canal connects Seneca and Cayuga Lakes to the canal system, and the Oswego Canal permits access to Lake Ontario.

The basin extends across three major physiographic provinces the nearly level Ontario Plain in the northern part; the steep, hilly Allegheny Plateau in the southern part; and the southern slope of the Tug Hill Plateau in the northeastern part (fig. 1).

The Ontario Plain area is characterized by low relief, meandering streams, and extensive swampy areas. Land-surface elevation ranges from 500 to 600 ft above sea level.

The Allegheny Plateau is characterized by rolling uplands, deep north- south oriented lakes (the Finger Lakes), and short, steep, east-west trending valleys containing streams tributary to the lakes. The Finger Lakes occupy former stream valleys that were deepened by southward-moving glacial ice. Streams draining the southern part of these valleys, which are now blocked by glacial debris, have sustained flow derived from ground water within the coarse glacial sediments.

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77 0 '«

11

10 20MILES1 , > ' 0 10 20KILOMETERS

^CHEii/iuN^ %v^X1/Site no. Site name

Jase from U.S. Geological Survey

1 Oneida Lake outlet2 Otisco Lake outlet3 Skaneateles Lake outlet4 Owasco Lake outlet5 Cayuga Lake outlet6 Seneca Lake outlet7 Keuka Lake outlet8 Canandaigua Lake outlet

for computations

Ithaca-Cornell University weather station

* Direction of flow

Site no. Site name

11 Oswego River at Lock 7, Oswego12 East Branch Fish Creek at Taberg13 Fall Creek near Ithaca14 Co hoc ton River near Campbell15 Harbor Brook at Syracuse16 Butternut Creek near Jamesville17 Cayuga Inlet near Ithaca18 Flint Creek at Phelps

9 Clyde River at Lock 26, Clyde 19 Otselic River at CincinnatusIhaadeedaren^fa? : 500.000. 1956 10 Seneca River at Baldwinsville

Figure 1. Major geographic features of Oswego River basin and location of selected hydrologic monitoring sites.

The Tug Hill Plateau reaches elevations of more than 2,000 ft above sea level within the basin. Below about 1,800 ft, major streams are well entrenched in shallow, northwest-southeast trending valleys.

The climate of the Oswego River basin is continental but modified somewhat by its proximity to the Great Lakes. The principal storms affecting the area are associated with eastward-moving air masses whose northward shift during summer allows moisture-laden air to move in from the south. Average annual precipitation ranges from 32 in/yr on the western lowlands to almost 60 in/yr on Tug Hill; distribution is fairly uniform throughout the year (Dethier, 1966).

DATA COMPILATION AND PRELIMINARY COMPUTATIONS

The data computed and compiled during this study include outflows (flows leaving lake-outlet structures), net inflows (all inflow to the lakes upstream from outlet structures and the effects of precipitation on the lakes, evapora tion from the lakes, and possible ground-water seepage), and diversions to or from the lake basins. Also given are flows of three rivers draining the lakes. Locations of hydrologic-monitoring sites are given in fig. 1; drainage areas and lake-surface areas are given in table 1. Data available from files of the Geological Survey or obtained from State and local agencies and private companies include lake levels, outflows, diversions into or out of each lake basin, rating curves for outlet structures, and lake elevation-storage curves. The sources and types of data used are summarized in table 2.

Only minor adjustments were needed to standardize discharge units and to convert lake levels to sea level. Outflow records from Seneca and Otisco Lakes were incomplete, however, and it was necessary to compute the discharges from several sources of related data, as outlined below.

Seneca Lake

Daily outflows from January 1969 through September 1979 were computed as the sum of the flow through the electric powerplant, locks, and tainter gate at Waterloo. Flow through the powerplant was computed from (1) daily power- output records supplied by New York Electric and Gas Corporation, (2) records of water-surface elevations upstream and downstream from the powerplant, supplied by New York State Department of Transportation (Division of Canals and Waterways), and (3) a set of rating curves supplied by New York Electric and Gas Corporation relating items (1) and (2) to discharge. Flow through the locks was computed from the size of each lock and the number of lockages per day; this value was significant only for periods of low flow. Flow through the tainter gate was computed from records of daily gate openings, lake levels, and a rating curve supplied by New York State Department of Transportation.

Otisco Lake

Records of gate openings and lake levels were supplied by Onondaga County Water Authority. Rating curves relating lake level to discharge over the spillway or through the gate openings, and outflow to downstream pool eleva tion, were furnished by the Corps of Engineers. From daily lake levels, the discharge over the spillway was computed through a direct application of the supplied rating curve, but computation of daily discharges through the gates was more complicated because these flows were a function of gate openings, lake levels, and downstream pool elevations. The downstream pool elevations were not provided, although a curve relating them to total discharge was available. Downstream pool elevation is a function of total discharge, and conversely, the part of this discharge passing through the gates is a function of the downstream pool elevation. An iterative procedure was thus required and developed whereby solutions for daily outflows were determined within 5 percent of the unique solution.

Table 1. Drainage area and surface areas of lakes and river-monitoring sites j Oswego River basin^ New York

[Site locations are given in fig. 1.]

Drainage area* Surface areaSite

Oneida Lake

Otisco Lake

Skaneateles Lake

Owasco Lake

Cayuga Lake

Seneca Lake

Keuka Lake

Canandaigua Lake

Clyde River at Lock 26, Clyde

Seneca River at Baldwinsville

Oswego River at Lock 7, Oswego

(mi*)

1,382

42.7

72.7

206

2 1,564

3 742

207

195

845

3,138

5,100

(mi z )

79.8

3.46

13.6

10.6

66.9

67.6

18.3

16.6

* Drainage areas above point of gaged outflow.Includes drainage area of Keuka and Seneca Lakes

^ Includes drainage area of Keuka Lake.

Table

2.

Sour

ces

and

types

of d

ata

used i

n st

udy.

[L

ocat

ions

ar

e shown

in fi

g. 1.]

Site an

d type of

data

Onei

da L

ake:

Lake levels

Outf

lows

Dive

rsio

ns

Otisco L

ake:

Lake levels

Outf

lows

Dive

rsio

ns

Skan

eate

les

Lake:

Lake levels

Outflows

Dive

rsio

ns

Owasco

La

ke:

Lake levels

Outflows

Cayu

ga Lake:

Lake levels

Outflows

Sour

ce of

da

ta1

NYSDOT

U.S. Ge

olog

ical

Su

rvey

NYSDOT

U.S.

Geological Su

rvey

city of Rome

OCWA

OCWA

U.S. Geological Survey

OCWA

city of

Syracuse

do.

do.

city of Au

burn

U.S. Geological Survey

NYSDEC

U.S.

Geological Survey

NYSDEC

NYSD

OT

Peri

od of

re

cord

(m

onth

/yea

r).

10/29-10/51

11/5

1-09

/79

10/2

9-09

/47

10/47-09/79

10/2

9-09

/79

10/29-09/79

10/2

9-05

/64

06/64-09/79

10/2

9-09

/79

10/2

9-09

/79

10/29-09/79

10/2

9-09

/79

10/29-09/79

10/29-09/79

10/29-07/56

08/56-09/79

10/29-12/65

01/66-09/79

Rema

rks

Once da

ily

read

ings

.Gaging station 04246000 at Brewer ton

, da

ily

mean va

lues

.At

Ca

ughd

enoy

.Ga

ging

station 04246500 at

Ca

ughd

enoy

.

Mont

hly

divers

ion

values fo

r city of

Ro

me.

Once-daily readings at

outlet structure.

Daily

mean

va

lues computed fo

r study.

Gaging st

atio

n 04240180 a

t Marietta.

Dail

y diversio

n values fo

r ci

ty of Sy

racu

se.

Once-daily readings (s

tati

on 04236000).

' Determined at

lake outlet.

Dail

y diversion

values for

city of

Syracuse

and

village

of Skaneateles.

Once da

ily

read

ings

(s

tati

on 04235396).

Gagi

ng station

0423

5500

near Au

burn

.

Once

-dai

ly re

adin

gs at

outlet st

ruct

ure.

Gagi

ng station

04233500 at It

haca

, daily

mean

va

lues

.Determined at

lake outlet.

Do.

Seneca La

ke:

Lake levels

NYSDEC

U.S.

Ge

olog

ical Su

rvey

Outflows

Keuka

Lake:

NYSDEC

NYSDEC

NYE&G

and

NYSDOT

Lake

levels

NYE&

GU.S. Geological

Su

rvey

U.S. Ge

olog

ical Su

rvey

NYE&G

Outf

lows

Diversions

Canandai

gua

Lake:

Lake

levels

city

of

Ca

nandaigua

U.S.

Geologic

al Su

rvey

Outf

lows

U.S. Ge

olog

ical Su

rvey

Diversions

city of

Canand

aigu

a,

vill

ages

of Newark,

Palm

yra,

Go

rham

, and

Rush

vill

e

01/3

1-09

/56

Once-daily readings at outlet.

10/5

6-09

/79

Gagi

ng station 04232400 at Watkins

Glen,

dail

y me

an va

lues.

01/3

1-06

/45

Dete

rmin

ed at la

ke outl

et.

01/4

6-12

/66

Do.

01/6

9-09

/79

Daily

mean

va

lues

computed for

study.

06/3

1-08

/60

Once-daily readin

gs (i

nter

mitt

ent

reco

rd).

09

/60-

09/7

9 Ga

ging

station

0423

2450

at Ha

mmon

dspo

rt,

daily

mean

va

lues.

04/6

5-09

/79

Gagi

ng station

0423

2482

at Dr

esde

n.

06/3

1-09

/79

Dail

y di

vers

ion

valu

es in

to K

euka Lake

from Su

sque

hann

a Ri

ver

Basi

n (W

anet

a and

Lamo

ka La

kes)

for

power

deve

lopm

ent

(station 01

5287

00).

12/3

9-06

/46

Once-daily readings at outlet.

07/4

6-09

/79

Gagi

ng st

atio

n 04

234500 at Ca

nand

aigu

a,daily

valu

es.

12/3

9-09

/79

Gagi

ng station

04235000 at

Ch

apin

.

01/4

8-09

/79

Monthly

diversions for

municipal

supplies.

Clyde

River

NYSDEC

01/3

5-12

/66

Lock

26

, Cl

yde

NYSDOT

01/6

7-09

/79

(river

flows).

Sene

ca Ri

ver

NYSDOT

10/2

9-03

/50

at Bald

winsville

U.S. Geologic

al Su

rvey

04

/50-

09/7

9 (river

flows).

Oswego Ri

ver

U.S. Geological

Su

rvey

11

/33-

09/7

9 at

Lock 7,

Oswego

(river

flows). _________

___ _____ ______

Sporadic re

cord

before 19

35.

Gagi

ng station 04

2375

00 at

Ba

ldwi

nsvi

lle,

Gagi

ng st

atio

n 04

249000 at Lock 7,

Oswego.

1NYSDOT

, Ne

w Yo

rk State

Depa

rtment of Tr

ansp

orta

tion

;OC

WA,

Onon

daga

County Water

Auth

orit

y;NY

SDEC

, New

York State

Depart

ment of En

viro

nmen

tal

Conservation;

NYE&G, New

York Electric and

Gas

Corp

, 2

Data from stations assigned a

Geological Su

rvey

st

atio

n nu

mber

we

re accessed th

roug

h WATSTORE

(Dai

ly Va

lues

computer fi

le).

A 50-year (1930-79) daily outflow record, excluding 5 months when repair work was being done on the dam, was calculated by the iterative procedure. The 1965-79 part of this computed record was highly correlated (r2 = 0.88) with outflows recorded at gaging station 04240180 near Marietta, 1.8 mi downstream from Otisco Lake. The coefficient of determination (r^) gives an indication of the strength of the relationship (Haan, 1977). The 15 years of gaged flows at station 04240180 were used as lake outflow for 1965-79. A regression of computed daily outflows on gaged daily outflows for the 15-year period had a standard error of estimate of +_ 24 ft3/s, which is equivalent to about +_ 0.02 ft in daily lake-level change for Otisco Lake. The standard error of estimate for a regression of monthly outflows (1965-79) is +_ 20 ft3/s, or +^ 0.02 ft change in lake level.

The strength of the correlation between the computed and gaged daily outflows for the 15-year period provides confidence in the computed outflows for the other 35 years.

LAKE-INFLOW COMPUTATIONS

The following equation was used for computing daily net inflows to the lakes studied:

xi = Oi + (Si - St-i) + Diout - Diin (1)

where: 1^ is net inflow on the ith day

0-^ is outflow on the ith day

S-£ - Si_i is change in lake storage from the ith to the ith-1 day

D± is water diverted into or out of the basin on the ith day.

Daily diversions for municipal supplies, power generation, etc. were applied in computing net inflows to each lake as follows:

Oneida Lake. Inflow computations include addition of diversions out of the basin for the city of Rome.

Otisco Lake. Inflow computations include addition of diversions out of the basin for the city of Syracuse.

Skaneateles Lake. Inflow computations include addition of diversionsout of the basin for the city of Syracuse and the village of Skaneateles.

Owasco Lake. Inflow computations included no diversions.

Cayuga Lake. Inflow computations include addition of outflows from Seneca Lake.

Seneca Lake. Inflow computations include addition of outflows from Keuka Lake.

8

Keuka Lake. Inflow computations include subtraction of diversions into the basin from Waneta and Lamoka Lakes.

Canandaigua Lake. Inflow computations include addition of diversionsout of the basin for the city of Canadaigua and villages of Newark, Palmyra, Gorham, and Rushville.

All terms in equation 1 are in units of volume. To compute lake storage for a given day, the authors developed lake elevation-storage curves for each of the eight lakes being studied. The relationships were determined from Geological Survey 7.5-minute topographic maps. A detailed analysis of the inflow computations is presented in the following sections.

Sources and Magnitude of Errors

Each term in equation 1 has an associated error, and net inflow is the residual terra in which errors in the measured components are reflected. Because measured inflows to each lake are not available, direct statistical analyses of lake-inflow errors are not possible. To provide an indication of the possible errors involved in estimating the net inflows to the lakes, an estimate of errors for each measured component in equation 1 is needed.

Computed inflows are approximate at best but are considered the most accurate that could be determined from the data. Also, the inflows and outflows are not intended for use in daily computations but are to be combined into longer duration periods. The inherent errors are minimized as the period of application increases.

For lakes having continuous-record gaging stations at or near their outlets, the computed outflows are generally considered to have errors of 5 to 10 percent, as inferred from several studies made on current-meter discharge measurements and stage-discharge relationships (Winter, 1981). For lakes without gaged outlets, outflows were computed from theoretical ratings based on either the dimensions of the outlet structure and (or) power-generation output records. These theoretical rating curves are verified by current-meter discharge measurements; therefore, the resulting errors should not be excessive.

Errors associated with computation of flow diversion into or out of the lake basins are generally insignificant. Measurement errors are similar in magnitude to those for theoretically derived outflows. However, the diver sions are a minor component of the total water budget for all lakes studied except Skaneateles Lake, from which the diversions to the city of Syracuse form a significant "outflow."

Most errors associated with calculation of changes in lake storage can be attributed to two sources. First, a minor error results from the lake elevation-storage curve determined from the topographic maps. The error results from the large contour interval and the placement of contour lines on the maps. The flood-plain area of the lakes ranges from 1 to 16 percent of

the total water-surface area (as determined from the topographic maps); there fore, errors in computed lake-surface area at high stages are small compared with the total surface area of the lake. Thus, the lake elevation-storage curves are reliable for this study.

The second source of error results from use of observed lake levels as a measure of changes in lake volume. This is the most significant source of error in the computation of lake inflows, as is evident in the plots of the lake-level records described later. For example, during periods of once-daily lake-level readings, Oneida Lake indicates maximum random fluctuations of about + 0.07 ft and Keuka Lake about + 0.05 ft, whereas the random fluctuation for periods of daily mean lake stage (computed from hourly recorded readings) is generally less than half these values. Available data indicate that the random fluctuations, for the most part, cannot be attributed to erratic regu lation of the outflows nor to evaporation or precipitation because the fluc tuations are evident even when outflows and estimated evaporation are nearly constant and precipitation is insignificant or zero. Figure 2 illustrates that random lake-level fluctuations of approximately the same magnitude as described above are apparent in recorded hourly data. Because these fluc tuations are too rapid and large to be attributed to changes in hourly inflow or outflow, an individual lake-level measurement cannot be directly used as an indicator of the volume of water in lake storage. Lake-level observations are subject to error from waves and seiches, which are common in the eight lakes studied, and, for once-daily measurements, human error is also a factor. Errors from lake-level fluctuations become significant when translated to daily net inflows. When weekly or monthly inflows are calculated, however, the effect is minimized. Table 3 gives two examples to illustrate this point.

8.75

8.70

8.65

Lu 8.60LU

8.55 . I

ONEIDA LAKE October 12, 1978

12 HOURS

18 24

4.80

4.75

4.70

4.65

4.60

T ' ' ' ' I ' ' ' ' ' I ' ' ' ' ' I

KEUKA LAKEMarch 25, 1979

. I . . . . . I . . . . .12

HOURS18 24

Figure 2. Example of random fluctuations in plot of hourly recorded lake levels.

10

Table 3. Effect of random lake-level fluctuations on computed net inflows to two representative lakes.

Maximum random Lake fluctuation (ft) 1

Resultant maximum error in computed net inflow for indicated period

Oneida + 0.07

Keuka +0.05

Period

DailyWeekly Monthly

Daily Weekly Monthly

Maximum Maximum error as error percentage of mean (ft3/s ) net inflow (1930-79) 2

+ 1,810+ 258 + 60

+ 295 + 42 + 10

7411 2

160 23 5

Estimated from plots of daily lake-level readings. Percentages for Oneida Lake are less than those primarily because once-daily lake-levels for Oneida Lake are average of three lake gages.

Lake-Level Hydrograph-Smoothing Technique

A lake-level hydrograph smoothing technique was developed in this study to reduce the errors introduced into the net inflows from the observed lake- level data. The main consideration in developing the smoothing technique was to distinguish random fluctuations from real changes in lake volume. As a guide in smoothing the observed lake-level hydrographs, "theoretical" lake levels were computed and were plotted concurrently (offset by 2 ft) with the observed lake levels. To determine the theoretical levels, daily changes in lake storage were computed from the rearranged equation 1 as follows:

- Oi - Diln (2)

Daily changes in lake storage were converted to daily changes in lake-surface elevation through the lake elevation-storage curves. Daily inflows (1^) were approximated by multiplying gaged daily discharges at a nearby unregulated stream by a drainage-area factor. These flows (I±) were estimated from streamflows from Cohocton River near Campbell (for Canandaigua Lake), East Branch Fish Creek at Taberg (for Oneida Lake) and Fall Creek near Ithaca (for the remaining six lakes). These unregulated streams were three of the few in the study area that had daily streamflow records for 1930-79.

A major assumption in applying the foregoing procedure is that variations in flow from a nearby unregulated stream are representative of variations in total inflow to the lake in question. The validity of this assumption depends on the similarity of the hydrologic characteristics of a lake basin and a nearby stream basin. Most of the study area is underlain by shale bedrock

11

covered by till, both of which probably yield little ground water to the system. The total area of unregulated inflow to the eight lakes studied is about 3,100 mi2. of this total, about 70 percent is carried by unregulated streams having drainage areas at their mouths (lake inlet) greater than 25 mi 2 Streams draining areas greater than 5 mi2 represent 80 percent of the area of unregulated inflow. These factors suggest that surface runoff controls day- to-day fluctuations of lake levels and that correlation of daily lake inflow with concurrent daily streamflow at a nearby stream is reasonable.

Weather patterns are also uniform throughout the area, except in the Tug Hill area and during local thunderstorms in summer. Because a detailed analy sis of daily rainfall over the basin for 1930-79 was not feasible, an analysis of correlations between daily streamflows from unregulated streams in the study area was made. Results are presented in table 4. The table indicates strong correlations except for East Branch Fish Creek at Taberg, an area of anomalous hydrologic characteristics. The strength of the other correlations suggests that use of Fall Creek and Cohocton River as index streams to develop the theoretical lake levels is reasonable.

Using the shape of the theoretical lake-level trace as a guide, the authors manually smoothed plots of the observed daily lake levels. The result for 6 months of once-daily measurements on Cayuga Lake is illustrated in figure 3. In general, very little smoothing was needed for periods of signif icant runoff because the random errors during high lake inflows become small in relation to total lake inflow. Therefore, smoothing was done mainly for

387

Theoretical Lake levels + 2feet

Ôbserved Lake levels / (Solid line)

Questionable reading

Smoothed Lake levels (Dashed line)

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 1952

NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Figure 3. Example of lake-level hydrograph-smoothing technique, Cayuga Lake, July to December* 1952 .

12

recession periods, when rainfall is insignificant or zero. Because 0± (observed lake outflow) is used in equation 2, lake-level fluctuations resulting from regulation of the lake outlet are also reflected in the theoret ical lake-level trace. Where significant fluctuations were indicated in one trace but not the other, rainfall records were inspected for those days, and the smoothing procedure was applied or omitted accordingly.

The purpose of the lake-level hydrograph smoothing technique is not to predict daily lake inflows from concurrent streamflows but to reduce error in interpretation of the observed lake levels, thus providing a better estimate of daily net inflows.

Table 4. Correlations of daily etrearrflows,October 1, 1959, to September 30, 1980. [Locations are shown in fig. 1.]

Drainage Value ofarea r^

Stream (mi 2 ) (percent) 1

2 13 - Fall Creek near Ithaca 126 correlated with:

18 - Flint Creek at Phelps 102 66

17 - Cayuga Inlet near Ithaca 35.2 78

15 - Harbor Brook at Syracuse 10.0 67

16 - Butternut Creek near Jamesville 32.2 76

19 - Otselic River at Cincinnatus 147 81

12 - East Branch Fish Creek at Taberg 188 29

14 - Cohocton River near Campbell 470 correlated with:

13 - Fall Creek near Ithaca 126 74

18 - Flint Creek at Phelps 102 74

12 - East Branch Fish Creek at Taberg 188 24

1 Coefficient of determination (r 2 ) x 100 (percent of variance explained by the correlation).

2 Site numbers refer to those shown in fig. 1.

13

Evaluation of Smoothing Technique

Because inflows to the lakes are unknown, direct statistical evaluation of the computed inflows and the lake-level hydrograph-smoothing technique is impossible. To evaluate the technique, the authors made several statistical correlations between streamflows at nearby unregulated streams and the com puted net inflows to the lake in question. The degree of correlation between streamflows and inflows is expressed by the coefficient of determination, r^.

Daily streamflows at gaging statipns on nearby unregulated streams were correlated with concurrent daily net inflows computed from both the original (unsmoothed) lake-level data and the smoothed lake-level data. Results of the correlations for four of the lakes are presented in table 5. Canandaigua Lake was equipped with a recording gage (daily-mean lake levels) during 85 percent of its period of record; Otisco and Skaneateles Lakes were equipped with a nonrecording staff gage (once-daily lake level readings) for their entire

Table 5. Effects of smoothing daily lake-level data on computed daily net inflows to four selected lakes.

[Locations are shown in fig. 1.]

Lake

Number ofStream years and used for type of lake correlation level data 1

ImprovementValue of (r smoothed

p pType of net r minus r inflow data (percent) 2 unsmoothed)

Canandaigua

Otisco

Skaneateles

Cayuga

CohoctonRiver nearCampbell

Fall Creeknear Ithaca



40

634

50

50

50

27

23

(C)

(NR)(R)

(NR)

(NR)

(0

(NR)

(R)

SmoothedUnsmoothed

(not

SmoothedUnsmoothed

SmoothedUnsmoothed

SmoothedUnsmoothed

SmoothedUnsmoothed

SmoothedUnsmoothed

7664

run separately)

6949

6832

6542

6332

6862

12

20

36

23

31

6

C, combined periods of nonrecording and recording gages; NR, nonrecording gage (once-daily lake-level readings); R, recording gage (daily mean lake-level values). Coefficient of determination (r 2 ) x 100 (percentage of variance explained by correlation).

14

period of record; and Cayuga Lake was equipped with a recording gage during 46 percent of its period of record. The daily net inflows were also corre lated with daily streamflows from other nearby gaging stations with shorter periods of record. Results were similar. For example, correlation of daily net inflows to Otisco Lake with concurrent daily streamflows at Harbor Brook at Syracuse for 1959-79 gave r2 values of 0.44 and 0.70 for unsmoothed and smoothed inflows, respectively.

The r2 values for the unsmoothed net inflows indicate that a significant amount of the variance is explained by the correlation. This is despite the large amount of random error in the observed lake levels and measurement errors in the remaining components of the lake's mass-balance equation. If random "noise" (the major source of error in the mass balance equation) in observed lake-level fluctuations is minimized by smoothing, the correlation between daily net inflows and daily streamflows at a nearby unregulated stream should improve. The r2 values in table 5 indicate significant improvement. In most cases, much more of the variance is explained by the correlation with smoothed inflows. The greatest improvement is in daily net inflows computed from once-daily (nonrecording) lake-level data. Daily inflows computed from daily-mean (recording) lake-level data would be expected to show less improve ment because the random fluctuations (from time sampling and human error) are substantially reduced.

Similar correlations were done for three of the lakes on a monthly basis; results are presented in table 6. Here smoothing produces little improvement, primarily because the effects of waves and seiches are nearly equalized over the longer computation interval.

Table 6. Effects of smooth-ing daily lake-level data on computed monthly net inflows to three selected lakes.

[Locations are shown in fig. 1.]

Lake

Canandaigua

Streamused for correlation

Cohocton River nearCampbell

Number of years

40

Type of net inflow data

Smoothed Unsmoothed

Value of

(percent)

89 89

Improvement(r smoothed

minus r unsmoothed)

0

Otisco

Skaneateles



50

50

SmoothedUnsmoothed

SmoothedUnsraoothed

8483

8887

1

1

Coefficient of determination (r ) x 100 (percentage of variance explained by the correlation).

15

To illustrate the effectiveness of the smoothing procedure, a 6-month period (July-December 1952) was chosen for Cayuga Lake; inflow computations with and without smoothing are plotted in figure 4, which includes related factors for comparison. The computation period (July-December 1952) corres ponds to the period used to illustrate the hydrograph-smoothing technique for Cayuga Lake (fig. 3). The observed lake levels were once-daily (nonrecording) readings. The regulated daily outflows from Seneca Lake and the daily streamflows at Fall Creek near Ithaca are both part of the total inflow to Cayuga Lake. The daily rainfall record is from the Ithaca-Cornell University Weather Bureau station (fig. 1), near the southeast end of Cayuga Lake.

Random fluctuations are prominent in the plot (fig. 4) of "unsmoothed" daily net inflows. The extreme fluctuation in mid-July is a result of an erroneous lake-level measurement, and most fluctuations in the "unsmoothed" plot have no apparent relation to water entering or leaving the lake.

Daily changes in lake levels are measured to the nearest 0.01 ft. For a large lake such as Cayuga, a 0.01-ft change in lake level represents a change in lake storage of 428 acre-ft, which means that a computed daily net inflow value for Cayuga Lake is accurate, at best, to within +_ 216 ft^/s and, for a small lake such as Otisco Lake, to within +_ 11 ft^/s. In contrast, the errors in monthly mean net inflow values are much less for a 0.01-ft error in lake- level measurement. Even if monthly lake-level data were accurate to only +_ 0.05 ft, the error in monthly mean net inflow values would be only 36 ft^/g and 2 ft^/s for Cayuga and Otisco Lakes, respectively. This improvement reflects the preservation of total mass balance as errors in computed daily net inflows offset each other through time.

The errors incurred through daily net inflow computations are not crit ical to most hydrologic applications. For example, in simulating responses to lake regulation, the amount of water available is the primary concern. The 216 ft^/s error in computed daily net inflows for Cayuga Lake would translate into only 0.01-ft error in lake level; thus, lake levels simulated from the flow values should be sufficiently accurate for most purposes.

Estimation of Net Inflows for Periods of Missing Record

Net inflow values could not be computed directly from equation 1 when either daily outflows or daily lake levels were unknown. Inflow values during periods of missing record were estimated from a regression of lake inflows against concurrent flows at other sites. This technique produces a straight line representing the "best fit" to the two sets of values. Several regres sions were made for each lake having missing periods of record to determine which station's flows correlated best with inflows to the lake in question. The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to evaluate the strength of each correlation. For two lakes (Otisco and Seneca), the best correlation resulted from relating net inflows to the sum of net inflows to nearby lakes.

Results of the regression analyses are given in table 7. The slope of the regression line (X-coefficient in each equation) is approximately equal to the drainage-area ratio, as expected. The standard error of estimate (SEy ) is given in ft^/s and converted to change in lake level, in feet, for daily and monthly computations.

16

o oUJ C/3ocUJ Q_

tD

15,000

10,000

5000

0

-5000

-10,000

-15,000

10,000

5000

0

I I ' " I | ! ' I I | I I I I I | I I I I ' I

Cayuga Lake- "Unsmoothed" daily net inflows

l l I l I l i I I I I I I I I

^ -5000COD U

l I I I | I I I I I | I I I I I I I T I 1 1 1 I I I I

Cayuga Lake- "Smoothed" daily net inflows

I l I I I I I I I I I I i I l I I l

5000

UJ

QC

IO<2 5000

-5000

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cayuga Lake-

1 1 I i i 1 1 l 1 1 l 1

i 1 I 1 l | Regulated daily

i l 1 i I 1

1 l 1 i 1 | 1 1 1 I 1 | 1 1 1 1 loutflows

i 1 I 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 1 i I 1 l I

-5000

3000

2000

1000

l i i l i

_/Vî i i l i

| i i iSeneca

^^" V*-^

1 1 1 1

1 ' 1Lake -

-x/"**x.

1 1 1

1 i i i I | l i i Regulated daily outflows

1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1

i l(Part

| I i l of inflow to

1 1 1 1

1 ' 1Cayuga

1 1 1

l 1 l 1 lLake)

1 1 1 I 1

-ioooL_i

I i i i i T | i i i i i | i i i i i | i i r i i \ i i i i iFall Creek near Ithaca - Daily stream discharges (Part of inflow to Cayuga Lake)

LJL.I i 1 1 I I I I I I I l I_I

-Jffl

U-O ZZ

4

3

2

0

i i i i i | l i i

,,Ithaca

1 id .1 1 . 1 1 u III

1 ' 1-Cornell

l,, .LI

1 l 1 1 l | iUniversity weather

1 1 1 ili 1 Ll.ll

1 1 istation

1 U ..

l | I 1 l 1 Daily rainfall

,.!.,.... ,.,L

1 1 '

I, Lil

1 1 1 1

ill 1. 1.1. 1

~

-

5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 5 10152025 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

1952

Figure 4. Example of inflow and outflow data used to evaluate lake-levelhydrograph-smoothing technique. [Locations are shown in fig. l.J

17

Table

? S

umma

ry of r

egre

ssio

n analyses to e

stimate

infl

ows.

[L

ocat

ions

ar

e shown

in fi

g. 1.]

00

Lake an

d pe

riod

of

missing

reco

rd

Otis

co

7/61-12/61

Seneca

10/29-1/31,

7/45-12/45

1/67

-12/

68

Keuka

10/29-3/65

Cana

ndai

gua

10/2

9-11

/39

Site(s)

Drai

nage

- providing

best

area

co

rrel

atio

n ra

tios

1

Sum

of in

flow

s to

0.15

Owasco an

d Sk

anea

tele

s La

kes

Sum

of in

flow

s to

.3

9 Ow

asco

, Sk

anea

tele

s,

Cayuga La

kes

Discharge

for

.43

Cohocton Ri

ver

near Campbell

Discharge

for

.40

Cohocton River

near Campbell

Y-va

lue

in

Stan

dard

error

regr

essi

on

r2

of es

tima

te SE

y equation

2 (p

erce

nt)3

(ft3/

s)

0.14X

+ 2.

7 93

Daily

+ 37

.8

Monthly

+_

15.8

.35X -

123

90

Daily

+ 56

0 Mo

nthl

y +

214

.41X -

23

92

Daily

+ 220

Monthly

+ 60.7

.37X -

18

89

Daily

+ 17

0 Mo

nthl

y +

67.7

SE

converted

to lake level

(ft)

Daily

+ Mo

nthl

y +

Daily

+ Mo

nthl

y +

Daily

+ Mo

nthl

y +_

Daily

+ Monthly

+_

0.03

.0

1

.02

.01

.04

.01

.03

.01

Drainage area of

st

atio

n wi

th missing

reco

rd di

vide

d by

dr

aina

ge area (or

sum

of dr

aina

ge ar

eas)

of station(s) providing

best co

rrel

atio

n.2

Exam

ple:

Y

» 0.14X

+ 2.7; Y

is ne

t in

flow

to

lake wi

th missing

reco

rd;

X is

flow at station(s)

providing

best

correlation.

Coef

fici

ent

of de

term

inat

ion

(r2) X

100

(percentage

of variance explained

by the

corr

elat

ion)

.

OSWEGO RIVER BASIN RUNOFF COMPUTATIONS

Monthly mean flows of the eight lakes and three rivers were computed from the daily values and are presented in table 9 (at end of report). Monthly flows are more reliable and are suitable for general use. Monthly outflow values were not computed for periods where daily data were missing. Negative inflow values occur primarily because the sum of evapotration and ground-water seepage from the lake was greater than the total lake inflow.

To check for major inconsistencies in the net inflow computations, the monthly values for the eight lakes were converted to (ft3/s)/mi^ and plotted together on semilog coordinates. Individual lake-inflow plots were offset two log cycles to facilitate comparison. Monthly net inflows of the eight lakes and Cohocton River discharges over 10-year intervals from 1930-79 are shown in figures 6A-6E (at the end of report); the plot of the easternmost lake (Oneida Lake) is at the bottom of each figure, and the westernmost lake (Canandaigua Lake) is second from top. Discharge of Cohocton River near Campbell, a nearby unregulated stream (top plot)» is included for comparison with lake inflow values. Computed flows of 0.1 (ft3/s)/mi2 were used as a lower limit; any lesser flows were set to that value to avoid plotting extremely small or even negative numbers. No major inconsistencies were found in the 50-year period.

Table 8 lists mean annual runoff values of the eight lakes over a 45-year (1935-79) base period; flows at the three river sites and from intervening areas are included. The 1935-79 base period was used because no record was available for Clyde River for most of 1930-35. The runoff values listed in table 8 reflect the general distribution of mean annual precipitation and are included in the mean annual precipitation map (fig. 5). As an example, the mean annual runoff value for the Oneida Lake basin is significantly higher than for the other lake basins. As expected, this basin is within the area of highest mean annual precipitation in the Oswego River basin. Mean 'annual precipitation values for each subbasin (table 8) were computed by superim posing individual subbasin drainage divides on a statewide mean annual precip itation map (Zembrzuski and Dunn, 1979). The precipitation pattern over each subbasin is illustrated in figure 5. The difference between mean annual runoff and mean annual precipitation (table 8) reflects the large amount of evapotranspiration from each subbasin.

Climatic maps for 1946-55 (U.S. Environmental Data Service, 1968) indicate that lake-evaporation estimates are consistent with the runoff and precipita tion values in table 8. These maps also indicate that 80 percent of the annual evaporation in the region occurs between May and October, which is con sistent with the monthly lake-inflow patterns in figure 5.

Also shown in table 8 are mean annual runoff values for intervening areas (areas between gaged river sites). Runoff from these areas was calcu lated by subtracting the runoff values at the upstream station(s) from that at the gaged river site. The mean annual runoff values from intervening areas seem consistent with the computed runoff and precipitation patterns.

The distribution of mean annual precipitation is reflected in the inflow plots in figure 6. The lowest mean annual precipitation is in the western part of the Oswego basin and gradually increases eastward. In general, the mean annual runoff values also increase from west to east.

19

This report presents only monthly inflows and outflows (table 9); the daily flow values are stored as card images on magnetic tape (10 values per card) and are available at the Albany, N.Y. office of the Geological Survey. Some of the data (as indicated in table 2) are accessible through the Geological Survey's WATSTORE (National Water Data Storage and Retrievel System) daily-values computer file in Reston, Va.

Table 8. Mean annual runoff values in selected subbasins of Oewego River basin, 1935-79.

Drainage Subassin number and name area 1 (Locations shown in fig. 5) (mi 2 )

1

2

3

4

5

5A

6

6A

7

8

9

10

11

Oneida Lake

Otisco lake

Skaneateles Lake

Owasco Lake

Cayuga Lake

Cayuga Lake minusSeneca Lake

Seneca Lake

Seneca Lake minusKeuka Lake

Keuka Lake

Canandaigua Lake

Clyde Riverat Lock 26

Seneca River atBaldwinsville

Oswego River at

1,382

42.7

72.7

206

1,564

822

742

535

207

195

845

3,138

5,100

Mean Mean Mean Mean annual annual annual annual precipitation runoff runoff runoff over subbasin

(ft 3 /s) [(ft 3 /s)/mi2 )] (in) (in)

2,500

60.0

110

296

1,560

993

567

389

178

164

889

3,380

6,850

1.81

1.41

1.51

1.44

1.00

1.21

.76

.73

.86

.84

1.05

1.08

1.34

24.6

19.2

20.5

19.6

13.6

16.4

10.3

9.9

11.7

11.4

14.3

14.7

18.2

45

38

37

37

34

35

33

33

34

34

34

34

37Lock 7

12 Subbasin 9 minus subbasin 8

13 Subbasin 10 minussubbasins 3, 4, 5, and 9

14 Subbasins 11 minus subbasins 1, 2, and 10

Intervening Areas of River Sites

650 720 1.11

450

537

530

910

1.18

1.69

15.1

16.0

23.0

34

35

38

1 Drainage area of lake subbasin is determined at point of gaged outflow.

20

STUDY AREA

43"-

,->~, ^../

%, A '.','

EXPLANATION

Line of equal mean annual precipitation

Subbasin number and drainage area divide

Downstream point of summed subbasins

Mean annual runoff (in)Subbasin no. and name

10 20MILES

10 20 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. State base map Shaded relief 1

Geological Survey

:500,000, 1956

12345 5A6 6A789

10

11121314

Oneida Lake Otisco Lake Skaneateles Owasco Lake Cayuga Lake

Lake

6A, 7)

7)

(sum of subbasins 5A, Cayuga Lake minus Seneca Lake Seneca Lake (sum of subbasins 6A. Seneca Lake minus Keuka Lake Keuka Lake Canandaigua LakeClyde River at Lock 26 (sum of subbasins 8, 12) Seneca River at Baldwinsville (sum of subbasins

3, 4, 5A, 6A, 7, 8, 12, 13)Oswego River at Lock 7 (sum of all subbasins) Subbasin 9 minus subbasin 8 Subbasin 10 minus subbasins 3, 4, 5, 9 Subbasin 11 minus subbasins 1, 2, 10

241920191316.10. 9.

11. 11. 14. 14.

18.15.16.23.0

Figure 5. Distribution of mean annual precipitation andmean annual runoff ioithin Oswego River subbasins.

21

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

This report presents inflows and outflows of eight regulated lakes and discharges at three river sites in the Oswego River basin. These data were computed and compiled by the Geological Survey from records collected during the 1930-79 water years.

Daily lake outflows were compiled from data available in files of the U.S. Geological Survey and of State, local, and private agencies. Some were com puted from rating curves supplied by these agencies. Daily net inflows to lakes (lake inflow minus evaporation and possible ground-water seepage) were computed from daily outflows (flows leaving the outlet structure), daily lake levels, daily diversions into or out of the lake basin, and lake elevation- storage curves. Much of the lake-level and diversion data were obtained from various agencies; the lake elevation-storage curves were developed from U.S. Geological Survey 71/2-minute topographic maps.

Major sources of error in the observed lake levels are waves, seiches, and human judgment (where once-daily lake level readings are being taken). To reduce these errors and obtain more accurate estimates of daily lake levels, a technique for smoothing lake-level hydrographs was developed and applied. The smoothed lake-level hydrographs, together with lake elevation-storage curves, outflows, and diversions, were applied to the basic mass balance equation to compute daily net inflows to each lake. Analysis of the lake-level hydrograph smoothing technique indicates that the procedure reduces the random lake-level errors inherent in observed daily lake-level readings. Effects of measurement errors are significantly reduced as the computational period is increased.

For periods when either daily outflows or changes in daily lake levels were unknown, linear regression analyses were used to develop an equation from which daily net inflows could be computed. Strong correlations between net lake inflows and gaged streamflows at an index station were indicated, and the net inflows were computed accordingly.

Plots of monthly net inflow to the eight lakes reveal no major incon sistencies. Inflow values correspond well with one another and with con current gaged streamflows from unregulated stations within hydrologically similar areas.

The data from this study provide a base for assessing lake-regulation procedures within the Oswego River basin's stream-reservoir system. Lake levels (water available for management) simulated from the given inflows and outflows should be sufficiently accurate for most hydrologic purposes.

22

SELECTED REFERENCES

Chow, Yen T., 1964, Handbook of applied hydrology: New York, McGraw-Hill, 1,418 p.

Dethier, B. E., 1966, Precipitation in New York State: Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture, Bulletin 1009, 78 p.

Greeson, P. E., and Williams, G. E., 1970, Characteristics of New York lakes, part IB, gazetteer of lake, ponds, and reservoirs by drainage basins: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bulletin 68B, 122 p.

Haan, C. T., 1977, Statistical methods in hydrology: Iowa State University Press, 378 p.

Helwig, J. T., and Council, K. A., 1979, SAS user's guide, 1979 edition: Raleigh, N.C., SAS Institute, Inc., 494 p.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976, Oswego River basin, New York, water resources management study: Buffalo, N.Y., 42 p.

U.S. Environmental Data Service, 1968, Climatic atlas of the United States, Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Commerce, 80 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1960, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States through September 1950 Part IB, North Atlantic Slope basins, New York to York River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1302, 679 p.

_______ 1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the UnitedStates, October 1950 to September 1960 Part IB, North Atlantic Slope basins, New York to York River, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1722, 578 p.

1964-74, Water resources data for New York, Part 1, Surface waterrecords: U.S. Geological survey water data rept. (issued annually).

________ 1976-80, Water resources data for New York, water years 1975-79, U.S. Geological Survey water-data rept. (issued annually).

Winter, T. C., 1981, Uncertainties in estimating the water balance of lakes: American Water Resources Association, Water Resources Bulletin, v. 17, no. 1, p. 82-115.

Zembrzuski, T. J., Jr., and Dunn, B., 1979, Techniques for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods on rural, unregulated streams in New York State excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-83, 66 p.

23

RIV

ER

DIS

CH

AR

GE

OR

LA

KE

NE

T IN

FLO

W,

IN C

UB

IC F

EET

PER

SE

CO

ND

PER

SQ

UA

RE

MIL

E

-0

0- 0

0

to I to

CO Kl

to 1 n\

to

to I to

«»

8. 0)

NJ

O>

?

?

to

to

OJ OJ O -3 8- -3

ct-

0} O

0} e 81 0} to I 2

a \ ^^

S K

^»«

^Cj

0} 0}

Ci

Sr*

ft O

Ci

ct-

O

S

RIV

ER

DIS

CH

AR

GE

OR

LA

KE

NE

T IN

FLO

W.

IN C

UB

IC F

EET

PER

SE

CO

ND

PER

SQ

UA

RE

MIL

Eo

-»

_.

'-

b

o

p

-

_.

^

b

o

RIV

ER

DIS

CH

AR

GE

OR

LA

KE

NE

T IN

FLO

W,

IN C

UB

IC F

EET

PER

SE

CO

ND

PER

SQ

UA

RE

MIL

E

o

-

-

VO

Ln

OO

RIV

ER

DIS

CH

AR

GE

OR

LA

KE

NE

T IN

FLO

W,

IN C

UB

IC F

EET

PER

SE

CO

ND

PER

SQ

UA

RE

MIL

Ep

_.

b

op

_.

-bo

?

~"

bo

p

_.

bo

RIV

ER

DIS

CH

AR

GE

OR

LA

KE

NE

T IN

FLO

W,

IN C

UB

IC F

EET

PER

SE

CO

ND

PER

SQ

UA

RE

MIL

EP

~"

bo

p

_.

bo

?

~*

-b

o

oo

P

~"

bo

o

-

b

°

a 1

N>

I

O

vO O

Table 9. Monthly mean flows at selected sites in Oswego River basin, New York.

A. Mean outflows of eight lakes 28

B. Mean inflows of eight lakes 36

C. Diversions from five lakes 44

D. Mean flow in three rivers 49

27

Table 9A. Monthly m

ean

flows

at selected sites

in the

Oswego Ri

ver

basi

n, Ne

w York

[Values

are

in cubic

feet

pe

r second]

ONEI

DA LAK

E OU

TFLO

WS

WATER

YEAR

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

NO

00

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1411.

197.

881.

1618.

210.

401.

513.

1082.

971.

1293.

96.

253.

327.

585.

741.

175.

5377.

922.

278.

275.

1112.

1137.

1231.

939.

526.

1032.

2531

.1039.

519.

1567.

2143.

294.

356.

689.

130.

113.

1852.

766.

1364.

1456.

473.

2097.

1031.

1678.

617.

1259.

5045.

4612

.5591.

1052.

1451.

214.

1814.

3245.

629.

1299.

2308.

2763.

3792

.11

16.

828.

1370.

1887.

1688.

3834.

934.

3469.

1803.

1467.

1833.

1297.

2087.

2543.

1348.

400.

2290.

3174.

1200.

1273.

2752.

3550.

1536.

1226

.1987.

445.

260.

2667.

758.

5136.

4665

.2045.

2745

.14

54.

4679.

3215

.32

16.

3298.

3232

.5410.

1183

.

2658.

1961.

2873

.2470.

2063.

2150.

2681

.24

14.

3427.

2200

.1726.

3132.

1797.

2692

.3307.

3214

.35

02.

3245.

3192

.33

48.

4135.

3992.

3740

.3746.

2764.

3965.

3072.

3765.

3501.

3945.

5423.

2093.

3128.

2592.

3407

.28

85.

3670

.3355.

4219.

5079.

2675.

3329.

3841.

4985.

5032

.4169.

3715

.37

31.

5686.

3445.

4157.

1628

.31

27.

2552.

2608

.3242.

2403

.51

17.

2870.

1670.

3804.

4476.

1992

.4212.

3578.

3630

.30

48.

4132.

2831

.4952.

5206.

4567.

3854

.2499.

1764.

3492.

1844.

2715.

2955

.2670.

3645.

1623

.23

99.

1397.

2372.

2422

.24

75.

2160

.24

03.

3056.

1647

.2222.

3092.

4651

.45

89.

3056

.25

05.

2104.

4266.

4050

.

2976

.1382.

3985

.21

22.

1597

.2292.

2399.

4484

.4324.

1848

.2990.

4013

.1451.

3833.

2870.

3318

.44

12.

5116

.17

59.

3877.

4206.

4443

.3763.

2833

.29

87.

1873

.16

58.

2417

.22

44.

3365.

3316

.13

35.

1926.

1048.

2398.

2530

.24

77.

2231

.2533.

3541.

1884

.2105.

2305.

3967.

3589.

3400

.3536.

1493.

3752.

3121

.

3969.

1222.

2733.

2691.

2357.

3210.

5657.

3173

.5024.

4530.

1893

.3431.

3887.

5901.

2743.

6292.

4104.

4376.

3979.

3951

.3458.

5888

.3416.

3577.

4460.

5681.

3747.

3202.

2990.

3341

.26

61.

4495.

2460.

1787

.4074.

2804.

4847.

1980

.2707.

2506.

2153

.4336.

3385.

4289.

3897

.4580.

6287

.54

52.

3107.

6325.

3786.

2444.

5529

.45

27.

4390.

3557

.8116.

4737

.34

51.

5468.

7107

.3599.

4816.

3779.

3705.

4056

.15

54.

8493

.44

31.

3063

.6943.

6554

.51

56.

3590

.5603.

6540

.6496.

2511

.4615.

6950

.74

10.

4793

.42

47.

6056.

4754

.3454.

4077.

3999

.43

65.

6374.

5757

.6127.

6407.

5137.

5508

.5104.

6320

.69

54.

7069

.72

61.

2246.

2818

.26

96.

2209

.1615.

3175.

3032.

3419

.1834.

2470

.46

51.

1378.

1765

.6305.

3783.

3399.

1378.

5965

.3175.

2464.

2399.

3206

.22

67.

4040.

4148

.1302.

4143

.1882.

2928.

2791.

3661.

2543.

2151

.25

91.

2028

.2511.

3215.

2414

.22

30.

4705

.2403.

5828.

7427

.3540.

4402

.27

54.

5285

.2130.

3352.

2575

.

2017.

1603.

777.

714.

711.

1425

.937.

1707

.974.

1016.

1752

.627.

1147

.32

01.

1539

.24

83.

1783.

5484

.20

85.

991.

_1585.

1129.

1335

.520.

1335.

1373

.16

51.

901.

2976.

833.

1237.

2029

.669.

1078.

724.

983.

658.

695.

2334

.2061.

1286

.818.

5710

.25

23.

1880

.1373.

3436.

980.

1368.

1305.

1510.

742.

913.

126.

219.

1797.

196.

1075.

465.

509.

1309.

212.

481.

1065

.1004.

1408

.85

8.18

85.

1237

.419.

920.

2298.

1275.

557.

586.

448.

580.

1188.

1336.

954.

817.

1822.

373.

491.

379.

628.

349.

645.

2591.

642.

1369.

796.

5151.

856.

2851.

1113

.1959.

1714.

303.

281.

362.

641.

499. 16. 3.

852. 97.

741'.

605. 68.

450. 95.

452.

532.

363.

735.

260.

1278.

869.

288.

189.

1197.

288.

566.

198.

Zrt.

802.

1439.

882.

237.

487.

718.

599.

258.

260.

133.

252.

1676.

584.

546.

365.

595.

1759.

1002.

1619.

413.

1887.

1548.

1168.

625.

303.

560.

325.

243.

273.

503.

555.

352.

1093.

22.

78.

772.

358.

383. 82.

1237.

39.

226.

478.

1037.

1140.

1141.

343.

660.

605.

231.

2038.

186.

2467.

380.

397.

461.

683.

540.

129.

534.

803.

1168.

1379.

266.

1212.

1190.

741.

915.

1630.

3108.

2037.

3524.

1493.

1841.

Wate

r year 1

930:

October

1, 1929 t

o Se

ptem

ber

30,

1930

vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO Ô vO vO vO vO vO vO *O vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO \G vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO vO 50

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h- I O

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I-* h- h- l-» I HI

i_ 1-1 i_ !_ ,_ ,_,_ ,_. ^ !_i I-*EKUIUII-'mOOWIsJVO|sJ^J4VVO l~* 4V h-*OO4VVO9swl-'9sOOIO^J9stO9sOOVO%JvOW4>-|sJ9s009sl-'mwm9s4VI-' >

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CA CL

O 0)

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

35.

10.

13.

15.

16.

16.

19.

29.

27.

24.

17.

13.

13.

15.

18.

14.

144. 14.

16.

14. 8. 16.

17.

17.

17. 7. 17.

16.

16.

16.

17.

17.

12. 9. 10.

11.

11.

12. 8. 6. 8. 25.

11.

11.

14.

17. 7. 11.

102. 11.

42. 9. 15.

15.

16.

21.

18.

19.

30.

18.

21.

12.

26.

17.

18.

23.

209. 15.

15.

24. 8. 32.

16.

19.

16. 7. 19.

16.

16.

17.

16.

16. 9. 8. 8. 10. 9. 10. 5. 54. 6. 41.

10.

76.

11.

22.

47.

24.

146. 8.

78. 8. 14.

15.

17.

23.

26.

19.

71.

19.

17.

14.

15.

37.

39.

16.

201. 14.

15.

14. 8.

219. 16.

17.

17. 8. 20.

16.

16.

16.

17.

17. 9. 13. 7. 9. 7. 5. 13.

144. 5. 20. 8.

201. 8.

111.

123. 37.

201. 7.

172. 8. 15.

15.

23.

18.

62.

23.

104. 20.

16.

40.

14.

153. 24.

26.

56.

29.

15.

15. 8.

159. 17.

17.

17. 8. 17.

18.

16.

33.

52.

16.

15.

19. 6. 13. 7. 4. 9.

165. 21.

120. 8.

213. 12.

118. 88.

44.

255. 6.

145. 17.

51.

15.

18.

18.

63.

43.

127. 23. 7. 31.

16.

52.

16.

104. 27.

148. 15.

15. 8. 89.

17.

17.

13. 8. 17.

16.

30.

87.

90.

10.

21.

12. 6. 7. 6. 6. 6.

121. 63.

22.

12.

209. 11.

63.

52.

39.

308. 8.

143. 31.

99.

38.

18.

17.

174. 94.

138. 34. 6. 49.

15.

185. 35.

130. 47.

34.

14.

15.

34.

166. 21.

17. 7. 77.

34.

17.

17.

90.

57. 7. 9. 4. 10. 3. 2. 3. 27. 8. 17.

85. 7. 16.

13.

152.

244. 28.

131. 56.

161. 97.

168.

156. 40.

122.

254.

152.

162.

151. 68.

115. 60.

178. 96.

87.

16.

153. 14.

15.

228.

164. 66.

17. 8. 66.

193. 16.

167.

185.

220. 5. 26. 3. 73. 2. 2. 3. 46.

90.

15.

125. 59.

86.

41.

59.

65.

88.

95.

122.

33.

57.

90.

47.

17.

129. 87.

98.

76.

31.

70.

15.

16.

305. 80.

184. 14.

164. 14.

14.

14.

25.

49.

17.

12.

20.

118. 17.

108. 38.

93.

56.

22. 5. 52. 7. 4. 4. 38.

169. 35.

72.

147. 8. 60.

40.

281. 12. 8. 12.

64.

63.

13.

16.

18.

17.

18.

93.

31.

22.

66.

12.

15.

161. 94.

57.

22.

242. 14.

12.

56.

18.

20.

17.

11.

16.

30.

33.

145. 17.

40.

66. 8. 8. 9. 9. 10. 7. 34.

119. 29.

10.

158. 12.

32.

20.

104. 15. 8. 13.

89.

12.

16.

15.

18.

120. 18.

41.

18.

19.

75.

14.

14.

16.

16.

26.

71.

18.

15. 8. 30.

18.

16.

17.

10.

16.

17.

89.

21.

17.

17.

10. 9. 10.

10.

11.

11. 9.

111. 36.

90.

13.

182. 16.

26.

18.

61.

19.

10.

19.

13.

17.

18.

14.

17.

61.

18.

19.

17.

19.

19.

14.

15.

17.

16.

51.

17.

17.

16. 8. 15.

17.

17.

17.

12.

16.

17.

17.

16.

17.

18.

10. 9. 11.

11.

12.

11. 9. 9. 25.

18.

13.

114. 15.

20.

17.

66.

19.

12.

22.

10.

12.

14.

15.

17.

21.

17.

16.

18.

19.

22.

12.

16.

16.

17.

19.

17.

16.

14. 8. 15.

17.

18.

17.

10.

16.

16.

16.

17.

17.

17.

11.

10.

11.

10.

12.

11. 9. 8. 10.

12.

12.

11.

14.

20.

13.

13.

19.

12.

18.

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ON ON ON ON ON ON

31

Tabl

e 9A. Monthly me

an fl

ows

at selected sites

la th

e Oswego Ri

ver

basi

n, Ne

w Yo

rk

CAYUGA LAKE OU

TFLO

WS

WATER YEAR

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

U>

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

869.

538.

129.

295.

693.

457.

522.

664.

474.

1335.

435.

280.

525.

1302

.567.

295.

1477.

1215.

645.

1156

.765.

1471.

617.

634.

734.

483.

3236

.614.

224.

764.

960.

896.

629.

700.

488.

507.

390.

379.

1137.

576.

501.

1441.

412.

377.

476.

520.

4237

.24

06.

5774

.225.

781. 74.

78.

836.

396.

633.

858.

616.

1643.

796.

429.

431.

378.

1807.

704.

248.

1826

.15

17.

1240

.369.

519.

1166

.605.

318.

866.

849.

4815

.799.

164.

1562

.17

20.

755.

593.

1223.

568.

357.

817.

470.

2577.

1431

.13

64.

2687

.678.

3229

.527.

1630.

2181.

2479.

4544

.295.

979.

383.

382.

868.

663.

959.

1604

.68

6.2560.

783.

428.

710.

403.

1879

.13

93.

648.

5199

.11

87.

1057.

400.

517.

5064

.12

28.

14"9

1T\

1459

.11

26.

2019

.1465.

687.

2680

.31

77.

435.

1571

.1953.

1541.

683.

1008

.19

29.

3373

.3590.

2033

.36

58.

1782.

4595

.1551.

2316.

1885

.1630.

4796.

1600

.

1255

.39

4.553.

1119.

1505

.968.

1923.

954.

2300.

1229

.577.

1183

.87

2.54

70.

1939.

2220.

3597

.618.

588.

2842

.14

93.

3173

.1971.

2081.

357.

4281

.19

62.

2216

.16

37.

963.

5112.

1155.

1221.

601.

1100

.74

0.11

80.

1942

.96

6.31

89.

1760

.2483.

2352

.5326.

2078

.3239.

1903.

635.

4897.

3104.

3051.

384.

3037.

547.

1089

.23

05.

2089

.3271.

3108.

1546.

644.

2010

.93

9.3934.

2423

.27

73.

1449

.25

55.

1029

.2488.

2413

.19

12.

2803.

1925.

691.

1877

.1786.

1424

.1786.

1897

.3261.

333.

658.

723.

1049

.681.

1062

.85

4.1064.

1138.

978.

719.

1664.

3827

.2014.

2051

.23

91.

551.

4464

.2957.

1455

.680.

1582

.56

8.649.

937.

4230.

1331.

3344.

3720.

892.

1333

.1988.

1376.

799.

2350

.668.

1064.

1585

.816.

2632

.4343.

2763.

1657

.1720.

4516.

6738

.19

55.

1630

.34

38.

2979.

3503

.914.

3563.

2631

.25

4.2346.

215.

1067.

398.

1821

.42

58.

1670.

1622

.1738.

2455

.5326.

1954

.1641.

3408

.

1385.

1528.

2662

.21

16.

1302.

2167.

6183

.1632.

1075.

2014

.5634.

2586.

2825.

990.

1487

.1869.

456.

1888.

1929

.140.

3375.

2586.

1211

.1880.

228.

2480.

7881.

1666

.5080.

2098

.3337.

2650.

1729.

2607

.29

76.

265.

2315.

212.

1576.

1490

.29

53.

3789

.42

43.

3145.

2106

.880.

2420

.1777.

4117.

2663.

1423

.896.

2542

.1235.

769.

2124

.1922.

3558.

959.

1215.

3023.

766.

788.

5123.

3016.

4104

.41

3.37

35.

3095

.84

9.1178.

935.

1846.

1783.

3675.

349.

3341

.15

63.

2905.

470.

2263

.4494.

772.

1767

.2110.

531.

1194.

2168

.67

1.28

07.

1148

.1661.

4189.

2478

.23

07.

1393.

2656.

1135.

1300

.88

7.

1981.

2686

.1115.

729.

512.

740.

839.

1580.

1087.

758.

2789

.56

3.1032.

4111.

1709.

3045.

2768

.50

31.

1770

.617.

1552

.13

91.

1217.

700.

1314.

506.

878.

1293.

2231.

370.

2977.

2647.

375.

519.

559.

403.

1274.

1241.

2442.

1336.

1189

.1099.

3018

.1372.

810.

1362.

2690

.51

4.883.

721.

1862

.63

9.82

7.57

1.506.

5575.

478.

1040

.74

3.621.

1705

.56

1.43

9.10

82.

1431

.14

15.

1007

.10

67.

597.

638.

776.

1439

.99

2.51

8.56

1.517.

831.

1117

.13

28.

648.

708.

1404

.37

5.572.

398.

264.

393.

957.

1685

.15

03.

446.

752.

8078.

520.

840.

661.

2095

.62

2.42

6.503.

731.

1017

.91

1.57

2.382.

2113.

396.

816.

759.

455.

760.

670.

1230

.1135.

962.

985.

966.

986.

1208

.65

3.64

5.53

9.77

5.70

9.49

6.511.

823.

845.

1224

.92

0.35

2.63

0.37

0.56

1.39

8.40

0.388.

998.

396.

636.

646.

498.

3819.

392.

620.

712.

1481

.51

4.80

8.94

6.

580.

913.

645.

776.

302.

1373.

517.

1297

.13

60.

439.

294.

625.

1423

.1093.

397.

963.

1125

.97

3.10

36.

917.

994.

558.

1101

.823.

496.

748.

695.

755.

345.

787.

363.

785.

352.

545.

498.

375.

388.

752.

691.

388.

610.

389.

703.

395.

899.

1453

.65

4.25

18.

501.

902.

Tabl

e 9A. Monthly me

an fl

ows

at selected sites

in th

e Os

wego

Ri

ver

basi

n, New

York

(C

onti

nued

)

SENECA LAKE OUTFLOWS

WATER YEAR

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

Ui

to

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

80.

251.

335.

244.

424.

110.

278.

453.

266.

158.

233.

569.

106. 39.

193.

315.

132.

267.

268. 82.

111. 55.

131.

1197.

426. 60.

299.

384.

323.

166.

259.

143.

157.

244. 70.

35.

287. 28.

107. 60.

159.

1238

.589.

1806.

47.

60.

277.

368.

116.

747.

106.

952.

293.

279.

150.

148.

1117.

56.

31.

527.

202. 94.

43.

650.

118. 36.

593.

278.

1469

.287. 59.

249.

454.

154.

123.

329.

104. 48.

318. 33.

23.

937. 67.

804. 48.

210.

627.

805.

1869

.118.

216.

400. 99.

91.

633.

133.

490.

270.

177.

185.

224.

599.

225. 67.

377.

518.

284. 34.

1525

.12

7.136.

211.

328.

921.

262.

149.

883.

1041.

241.

618.

307.

135. 52.

235.

476.

445.

1373.

322.

1935.

56.

74.

208.

181.

1790

.27

6.

142.

109.

366.

182.

849.

269.

782.

246. 56.

408.

182.

2149.

1059

.43

3.14

78.

192.

378.

379.

125.

1031.

715.

408. 91.

343.

804. 83.

197.

248.

2080.

127. 55.

221. 35.

26.

200.

175.

284.

453.

580.

2011.

269.

1419.

687.

250.

1532.

843.

98.

452.

218.

274.

169.

748.

402.

1643

.62

6. 27.

724.

131.

1668

.1061.

1042

.858.

173.

251.

256.

198.

1375.

749.

119. 27.

503.

1084

.27

.126.

168.

442. 27.

27.

596. 15.

25.

16.

15.

84.

277.

440.

879.

898.

476.

858.

156.

1286

.1030.

46.

679.

292.

175.

545.

1053

.642.

965.

1280

.27.

821.

406.

218.

537.

798.

226.

467.

276.

140.

311.

1964

.70

3.60

9. 27.

759.

2069.

1378.

270.

1044.

1443.

720.

275.

494.

1442

.22

.1541.

90.

1097.

1589

.57

6.66

0.835.

900.

2496.

301.

999.

1250

.

68.

804.

482.

353.

591.

2073.

1076

.1150.

993.

1637.

1193.

1048.

855.

566.

945. 49.

914.

1124

.58

9.17

40.

1634

.15

72.

1160

.11

8.747.

2163

.11

28.

1879.

1103

.1758.

1693.

231.

835.

1642.

46.

869.

1280.

872.

1150.

1737

.13

87.

938.

290.

980.

723.

1541.

1355

.

423.

1412.

536.

245.

620.

779.

1385.

438.

322.

1324.

311.

730.

2079

.65

4.1877.

284.

1544

.1371.

411.

413.

622.

1164.

1069

.12

18.

465.

1867

.10

71.

943.

444.

1627

.19

64.

490.

275.

1396.

85.

383.

856.

435.

853.

1515.

937.

794.

670.

1301.

748.

1143

.40

0.

950.

855.

411.

153.

271.

645.

890.

267.

371.

1612.

187.

226.

1691

.13

00.

1518.

1049.

1807.

649.

322.

710.

416.

305.

209.

628.

247.

547.

651.

974.

269.

1633.

1614.

223.

159. 58.

60.

507.

535.

227.

443.

1767

.47

5.312.

597.

1233.

230.

359.

261.

445.

272.

196.

141.

2069

.22

6.277.

299.

289.

592.

358.

409.

388.

839.

546.

517.

307.

113.

133.

516.

621.

319.

228.

285.

545.

608.

596.

348.

111.

297. 87.

193.

301. 82.

101.

350.

197. 46.

2950.

136.

226.

190.

747.

174.

112.

126.

429.

386.

244.

151.

863.

276.

240.

462.

316.

175.

232.

817.

1086.

513.

672.

553.

586.

285.

567.

470.

295.

405.

286.

312.

186.

299.

340.

336.

196.

273. 87.

301.

221. 73.

108.

'

277. 78.

44.

1668

.16

6.18

8.15

0.486.

228.

314.

234.

161

189

309

150

398

311

252

396,

388.

205.

212,

279,

380, 55,

576,

244,

740,

454

,428,

302,

256,

143, 34,

258,

266, 61,

312,

247,

206.

460,

121,

274,

235 45 69,

73,

104, 32,

82.

119,

181,

524,

249

837

131

521

Table

9A. Monthly me

an flows

at selected sites

in thfe Oswego River

basin, New

York (Continued)

KEUKA

LAKE

OU

TFLO

WS

WATER

YEAR

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

X JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

19AO

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

U>

1952

**

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

95.

32.

63.

39.

33.

234. 84.

50.

73.

48.

387.

259.

404. 32.

93.

59.

233. 71.

32.

301. 54.

288.

150. 91.

287.

249.

534. 29.

79.

152.

335.

265.

166.

325.

186.

478. 37.

272.

213.

195.

532.

205.

18.

82..

259.

266.

214.

259.

182.

426.

185.

277.

221. 99.

465.

278.

60.

19.

258.

238.

305.

251. 91.

319.

290.

295.

381. 90.

421.

257.

391. 79.

250.

132.

286.

500.

432.

398.

319.

382.

601.

247.

516.

508.

45.

277.

112.

135.

130.

375.

532.

474.

487.

416.

263.

435.

208.

604.

413.

53.

231.

191. 91.

266.

174.

187.

490.

332.

207.

133.

394.

279.

429.

108.

45.

170.

243.

255.

210. 79.

77.

676.

213. 90.

238.

458. 43.

131. 59.

79.

33.

31.

263.

160. 70.

49.

892. 45.

60.

54.

206. 38.

26.

34.

70.

23.

191. 56.

66.

39.

36.

450. 28.

51.

39.

198.

139.

160.

171.

87 24,

61 47 43 68 112

223 43 51 168 42 220

131

234

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l l i l I I I i i ior»-4'-4'momOi>.o>\o>n\or»cMi>-csii-i-d'\or»o>aooiN>cMmo>i>.aOi-i>-4i>.i-io>î-io>i>-cM i l i i I i l i l icOi-icMseaDi->voaDaDOo-4'coi->uicMCMuiOi-<oDaDi-ico<n\o>-ico maosoosovocoirti-icoov-d'lllllllllli-ICO COi-l CO i-li-l CO i-ICOCOCMCMCOCM

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

35

Tab

le

9B

. M

onth

ly

mea

n fl

ow

s at

sele

cte

d sit

es

in

the

Oew

ego

Riv

er

basi

n,

(Co

nti

nu

ed)

ON

EID

A

LAK

E IN

FLO

WS'

WA

TER

YEA

RO

CT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AU

GSE

P

U>

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1501.

70.

803.

2473.

300.

427.

988.

1416.

2654.

783.

371.

258.

1115.

697.

2031

.71

7.5351.

1414.

395.

390.

719.

1274.

950.

820.

297.

735.

2890.

890.

533.

2154.

2374.

554.

283.

918.

146.

164.

1551.

600.

1743.

2060.

600.

2043.

839.

1672.

774.

1163.

3137

.4890.

5230.

1179.

1619.

376.

2103.

3147.

1176.

1591.

2453.

2719.

3249.

1209

.611.

1583

.1665.

2336.

3539.

600.

3980.

1862

.14

66.

2822.

1673.

2780.

2399

.1428.

746.

2559.

2674.

1558.

1124

.2766.

4090.

1214

.1345.

1453.

1049.

714.

3070.

1091.

4744.

5177.

1706

.2460.

1606

.4639.

3420.

3410.

3132.

3030.

5949.

1133.

2579.

935.

2678

.20

58.

1719.

1799.

2103

.2645.

2701.

1847.

1482

.4486.

2298.

3420.

1764

.1880.

1978.

2102

.17

50.

2698.

4109.

3319.

3535.

3173.

1676

.3866.

2114.

2925.

3554.

2249

.4605.

876.

1887.

1076.

1916

.18

41.

2323.

2216.

3572.

3674.

1598.

2616

.3313.

5130.

5562.

3139.

3002.

2478.

5140.

2416.

4853.

826.

4148

.23

23.

2605.

3949.

1950.

5506.

2060

.1534.

1098

.22

57.

1243

.2615.

1951.

2329

.2444.

5421

.1180.

4608.

5295.

4361.

4298.

2400

.16

23.

2085

.1245.

2591.

1934.

3322.

2621.

762.

2435

.964.

2939.

1459

.1936.

2178

.1522.

3067.

958.

1608

.2412.

4129.

3775

.3200.

2200

.1283.

4152.

4528.

2685.

1496.

3178.

1673

.937.

1753

.14

15.

3604.

5362.

2912

.19

78.

2578.

1523

.37

87.

2295.

3332

.30

12.

3239.

2591.

4220.

2290

.5033.

2837.

3154.

5208.

2111

.2173.

2278.

1865

.26

55.

4009.

3791.

1339

.93

5.11

77.

3416.

3371

.1585.

2311.

2712.

2383.

3295.

1906

.3065.

2879

.4194.

5702.

1680

.2444.

2331.

4474.

3201.

2861

.4003.

3878.

4542.

1103

1.2613.

5896

.4885.

2731.

3020.

5904.

7203

.56

21.

10408.

6624.

5649.

7408.

4214.

5902.

6615.

4333.

5060.

3752.

7839.

4547.

3379.

4257.

4310.

2670.

4471.

4169.

4726.

5903.

2531.

6172.

2881.

5199.

3708.

3215.

4798.

4920.

5759.

3824.

4774.

6807.

8638.

5094.

9012.

3895.

3609

.6662.

5047

.4657.

3375

.5886.

6957.

3475.

5844

.12534.

7152.

3989.

4983.

5938

.38

96.

1352.

10463.

4317.

3970

.6963.

7149

.4959.

3462.

6654.

6264

.8072.

3607

.51

33.

7890.

9105.

5517.

5643.

5883

.5190.

5910

.4199.

5042.

4196.

7281.

6881.

7620.

8134.

5313.

6414.

5355.

5894.

6545.

7159

.6344.

1702

.2613.

1449.

1414.

659.

2660.

1904

.2559.

1249.

1502.

3026.

768.

1242.

6050.

2333.

3107.

1701

.60

32.

3358.

1803.

2078

.2152.

2969.

3591

.3352.

1429

.35

87.

1945.

2872

.2510.

2930.

2539.

1505

.2714.

2007.

1898.

2711

.2509.

2301

.45

09.

2268.

4733

.6105.

3503

.4697.

2706

.5015.

1663

.28

91.

2564.

2487.

758.

540.

144.

472.

1219.

344.

1446.

550.

660.

1500.

311.

829.

2004.

1759

.1878.

1492.

4134.

1482

.608.

1271

.1415.

1012

.667.

1421

.677.

1342.

1111.

3038.

930.

1451

.2174.

496.

922.

640.

952.

877.

697.

2949

.19

01.

1274.

1210.

7935.

2681.

1667

.1418.

3269.

842.

1374

.915.

610.

955.

951.

-111.

38.

1960

.-16.

698.

336.

331.

849.

195.

264.

352.

368.

1056

.40

1.2375.

918.

423.

540.

2358.

1224

.357.

195.

382.

1043

.1049.

1470

.569.

418.

1464

.26

5.25

7.254.

272.

134.

872.

1762.

571.

1265

.810.

3146.

883.

3202.

1091.

2045.

1644.

550.

327.

-71.

253.

391.

286. 87.

128.

405.

622.

743. 80.

13.

146.

477.

546.

179.

424.

-30.

137.

799.

463.

292.

874.

197.

692.

541.

187.

794.

1051.

850.

428.

294.

578.

750.

490.

207.

278.

570.

1444

.471.

357.

352.

640.

1562.

637.

1496

.873.

2047.

1614.

747.

638.

454.

896.

102.

122.

489.

593.

590.

135.

1805.

-32.

151.

611.

609. 34.

370.

2602.

363. 57.

242.

1162.

1075.

884.

287.

302.

882.

279.

1618.

399.

2150.

204.

463.

342.

463. 21.

-39.

728.

500.

1039.

1092.

149.

1124.

948.

709.

806.

1391.

4444.

1671.

3763.

1636.

1614.

Neg

ativ

e net

in

flow

valu

e

whe

n evapora

tion

and

(or)

gro

und-w

ater

se

epag

e fr

om

lake

is gre

ate

r th

an to

tal

surf

ace

and

gro

un

d-w

ater

fl

ow

to

th

e la

ke.

Infl

ow

co

mp

uta

tio

ns

inclu

de addit

ion

of

div

ers

ions

out

of

basi

n

for

cit

y

of

Rom

e.

OP- VOOO^Wl^4>-O)IOP'OVOOOÎCÛl«-O)ls9P'OVOOOÎCÛl4>-O)N9P'OVOOOÎCÛl4>-O)ls9P'OvOOOÎCÛl4>-O)ls9P'O M? CO 3 rr « > p co £j rrP- ID O O O 1 co

C-,p- e P- P- P- o3 P ls9VOO)lnls>lk/l|k/llO)k/l IIP- P> IsJ IsJ p-Lnp-l IsJ I U> -C- I-" .p- t-0 I p> CT* P- IsJ p-^1 O

Izm» n o.op'p'p'p'p' p- as

p- n> o i aP- o voH)O\P-P'P'P«P' P'P'P' p« O

< mm rri-l reco 11p- e OP-P'P1 P* P4 p'p' p-p-p-p" p-pip-pit-l

""a. ...^'.io^'^'.......^'..........^:>...^'.f...^:>^...^'.^:>^'..^'.i- ^grr rr 3"

O OH)C IsJP1 P* P-P1 P-p« P'P'P' P11^

CO IIp- m300

11) (Doco top'top'p'p'p'p'p'p'p'p'p'p' IOP'P*P*P'P'P' p1 p'p'p'p* p*p*p>top*p'io P'P'P* top'p'p'p'p'p' 3»

P- O rr

v< pi

O pi

«<p- ...r.. ............................................ i-( co0) .O

Iff

| ?r^fr^rp^rj--i-?^??r?f-ri--rj-ff-r-pfi-^ri-i-frfr-^r^frrf?

O) P1 C-j

I Ci p- ON U) *- I U) I *- N5 IJ1 II It-01 OJ-P-P- I N5 U) IS9N9OJP' I O) P-Î|IO)P>N9 C

II I >p'p'tsjp'p'p' p-i P-OJIII p>p- i top- isj IIP-I p> IP- IP" p'p- P-IP- p- e

P> I CO O)P-OOO)NJP-lp>p-lsJ h-p- || (to ls9lP>ll IsSP"!! Ul IP'1 INJ P-ll IsJ W

Tabl

e 9B. Monthly mean flows

at selected sites

in th

e Os

wego

River

basin, New

York (Continued)

SKANEATELES LAKE INFLOWS

1

WATER YEAR

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

00

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

116.

-27.

-24. 30.

-26. -1.

-5.

21.

119. -1.

-16. -5.

-14. 40.

71.

-3.

211. 93.

-29. 2. -3.

69.

-19.

-29.

-31. 3.

127. -5.

-22. 33.

39. 0. -8. 2.

-30.

-27.

-19.

-29. 73.

38.

-2.

93.

-2.

84.

-13. 33.

68.

149.

316. 5.

59.

-1.

24.

57.

34.

57.

62.

89.

125. 34.

21.

10. 0.

130.

118. 36.

222. 48.

24.

68.

18.

121. 21. 9.

-4.

63.

90.

18.

-3.

90.

83. 3. 18.

12.

77.

-3.

92.

37.

237.

264.

127.

116. 20.

266. 30.

168. 82.

56.

178. 4.

93.

10.

76.

52.

94.

89.

119. 76.

115. 56.

19.

138. 46.

246. 34.

112.

120. 38.

12.

54.

84.

251. 98.

109. 9.

227. 80.

140. 82.

36.

261.

-12. 64.

18.

111. 23.

81.

105.

147.

215.

114. 36.

151.

333.

193.

216.

133. 75.

292. 96.

198. 26.

204. 40.

135.

198. 89.

237.

114. 57.

-6.

117. 91.

125. 47.

96.

93.

215. 29.

199.

182.

182.

190.

110. 35.

97.

64.

148. 93.

185.

117. 7.

108. 39.

157. 41.

88.

96.

73.

191. 62.

75.

117.

122.

124.

157.

117. 43.

289.

270.

106. 57.

190. 27.

30.

119. 63.

145.

244.

225.

124. 73.

79.

192. 89.

161. 87.

85.

114.

147.

123.

284.

129.

162.

242.

145.

141.

106. 97.

147.

245.

258. 91.

43.

56.

152.

225. 87.

81.

97.

156.

183. 85.

122.

103.

222.

336.

109.

178.

108.

277.

240.

186.

243.

239.

211.

535.

102.

217.

225.

231.

128.

407.

272.

288.

534.

256.

248.

322.

142.

343.

258.

242.

207.

149.

433.

344.

206.

226.

241.

223.

233.

181.

319.

402.

101.

303.

180.

284.

174.

169.

284.

295.

247.

185.

219.

324.

426.

320.

427.

185.

231.

295.

240.

195.

247.

253.

330.

193.

254.

552.

370.

210.

301.

245.

147. 75.

322.

179.

186.

307.

233.

176.

135.

258.

146.

417.

177.

500.

317.

334.

324.

273.

199.

200.

184.

200.

181.

124.

313.

367.

380.

319.

268.

381.

199.

327.

201.

320.

225.

68.

213.

109. 92.

52.

178.

110.

169.

122. 36.

147. 56.

102.

307.

161.

225.

135.

306.

214.

108. 78.

71.

157.

139.

169. 69.

178.

120.

150. 84.

173.

170. 78.

146.

123. 80.

124.

149.

111.

229.

139.

175.

248.

173.

194.

152.

308. 71.

80.

100.

264. 52.

35.

17.

47.

70.

16.

121. 49.

37.

126. 37.

51.

198.

146.

118.

174.

223. 87.

52.

113. 59.

56.

33.

54.

28.

55.

159.

207. 51.

73.

129. 6.

42.

28.

34.

68.

46.

167.

173.

116. 73.

531.

115.

127. 75.

163. 43.

51.

41.

95.

42.

81.

-10.

-24.

186.

-12. 5. 25.

26.

88.

36.

17.

22.

31.

78.

96.

51.

23.

26.

60.

89.

63.

30.

-21. 7. 41.

109. 76.

21.

11.

51.

-18. 23.

-10.

-11. 0. 39.

85.

47.

104. 25.

17.

11.

45.

74.

119. 9. 3. 28.

0. -3. 6. 28.

-16. 19.

-8.

41.

35.

-10.

-20.

-12. 34.

28. 3. 6. 1. 14.

20.

-14. 19.

-3.

-12. 8. 15.

-12. 25. 9. 3. 1. 0. 17.

27. 6.

-25. -2. 8. 71.

26. 6. 19.

-4.

-16. -4.

51.

18.

73.

33.

15.

11.

13.

-23.

-36.

-21. 8. 0. -6.

-7.

61.

-40.

-14.

-19. 27.

-21. -9.

137. 12.

-31.

-30. 19.

69.

-11.

-31.

-36.

-13.

-30. 15.

-7.

65.

-49. -4.

-10.

-24.

-24.

-46. 8.-6.

19.

28.

-30. 55.

24.

42.

-4.

37.

196. 7.

175. -5.

46.

Inflow computations in

clud

e ad

diti

on of

diversions ou

t of ba

sin

for

city

of Sy

racu

se

and

vill

age

of Sk

anea

tele

s.

vOOOêûn^WIOMOvOOO^C^l^^colOMOvOOO^C^W^CorOMOvOOO^C^W^-COIOMOvOOO^^W^COIOMO g

5

VO.p-IOI-'l-'COI-'IO II !- COl IO COCÎ-4!-4 IO I IO O OS O h-* **J I 'I ' VO I ' IO I-* M -C* I I-1 IO |O I ' IO 00 *-J .£ O^ IO I ' I O .£ > I IOO & & > 'I (OÔOCOIJII OOIOI '^J C2

Ull-'IO.e- «^ ^ |O O< O< I-* M CO|O COIO CO ( I (--C^ COCO |-4CO|OMI-'I->IO !- 2!

WOl^M^vÔI^WCOCO^ÔOÎOl^^^^l^COÔlOVOvOI^^JVOv^CÔOCOCOlJIOOC^VOLnOOCOIÔCOWUIOOl^ O

C^VOIOl^CÎ^|OCO|ovOCOOVO|Ol^ÔOCo42-vOH'aovOIOOH'4>C^|OC^«4l^C042-IOvOI^^42-^VOIOOOlJll-'^JCOOOLn >

I ' I ' M I ' M I 'I-4 I '

OsvooÔloMO^Cn^Lno^lo^vo^lo^jioCnO CO 10 oo |Ovoiocj^CJ^CJsOcJ^^vO^CJ^CflH4^^j» Co to vo ^J CO ^ ^j vo ^ E> CÎOMlOOvOWÔVOCOlÔO^Î-'OOOOI-'OO^-^-OVOOOCÔvOOOl-'O^JOOOOWljlOOUiOOCÎOOO^JCOC^VOWC^VOlO 70

(- I-1 I-4

OOOOÎOH'OOOOCOl^MÔIÎÔOMUCOOCÔOvO^J^M^l^CÔOC^Ml^sOCÔOIOOOI-'LnH-'COI-'OOIOVOOOLnOOOO ^ |jJCOCÔO^^^COCOC^42-ÔOOIOU)COvovOCÔCnO^l^toOOIOIO^^ÔO\O42-OOC^WIOI^l^l42-IJlljlvOCÎ-'IJlvOl^l K

ÔCÔW^vOWMVOMMVOIOOiC^M*«*-VOCÔOCOCO>^«ÔIOOOOOC^'ÔC^CÔC^lJ<VO4>>^*-ljlO*-*-l/l*-CO G VOOOVO"^VOC^»JOO-^VOVOlJl'^VOIOOvOI--'Ol-'IJl*^VOVOvOO>^CÎOijiO4>OO|OOO*-IJ'IJ'l-''^4>C^*-IJlt-'VOOO*^W Z

. to I-" !- CO M l-« M I l-'l-' l-'l-' I-'IOI IO IC^ (- I-1 t-i

t-l

|__ I-. |-i K- I | |-4|-4|-4 J>

Ol ÔÔ^^J IJ1|OIO CO l./l^» |M> '» *VOH4» 'MCnH4 M IJ1 OÔ^^ CO Ol IO I I H4 O I O CO Ol ^- CO |O G

en Ovoa>uia>i 01 oi4>-ooujj>-a>u>ujvoioa>-p-a>oivouj!^hoio -D

CM CO rH

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40

WA

TER

YEA

R

Tab

le

9B

. M

on

thly

m

ean

flow

s at

sele

cte

d si

tes

In

the

Osw

ego

Riv

er

bas

in,

New

Y

ork

(Conti

nued

)

SEN

ECA

LA

KE

INFL

OW

S'

OC

TN

OV

DEC

JAN

FEE

MA

RA

PRM

AYJU

NJU

LA

UG

SEP

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

345.

-112

.-159.

154.

-117.

-118

.111. 11.

315. 16.

22.

-83.

-236.

158.

697.

-37.

820.

287. 0. 32.

-138.

351.

-84.

-161

.-127.

-9.

2062

. 2.-1

55.

145.

284.

-64.

-72.

362.

-200.

-134.

-28.

-184.

252.

-44.

-107

.397.

-29. -6.

-123.

-150.

453.

782.

1442. 4.

183.

-110.

-68.

290.

-46.

-24.

431. 55.

638. 10.

-64.

140.

-133.

795.

575. 49.

1019.

-131.

52.

174.

-72.

786. 19.

145. 33.

-46.

1340.

-51.

-157

.203.

564.

-126. 6.

191.

196.

-145. 8. 88.

965.

959.

251.

921.

-91.

1491.

18.

341.

205. 86.

1316

.-8

9.

373.

-48. 71.

78.

67.

43.

791.

118.

509.

161. -7.

514.

128.

1512.

-94. 76.

1335

.14

7.14

2.141. 32.

1327.

293.

693.

-79.

408.

375.

231. 9.

108.

2039

.-151.

-18.

117.

115.

-34. 68.

128.

892.

1347

.344.

589.

555.

2130.

489.

892.

586.

152.

1760

.240.

858.

-67.

513. 0.

249.

169.

126.

827.

570.

116.

-102

.16

4.-130.

1109.

69.

61.

1135

.916. 30.

684.

475.

1272.

685.

445.

-145.

125.

402.

376. 98.

685.

856.

-107.

139. 18.

603. -6.

-24.

315.

305.

627.

156. 55.

193.

663.

446.

613.

526.

-119.

1147.

1008

.

546.

295.

555. 26."

93.

223.

598.

525.

1177.

1380.

389.

212.

237.

1315

.504.

938.

831.

201.

567.

734.

444.

1802.

871.

373.

508.

546.

1181.

503. 84.

597.

1100

.14

18.

234. 43.

332.

377.

770.

216.

406.

425.

1096.

1155.

403.

769.

566.

1168

.2320.

422.

388.

257.

1266

.10

06.

1074.

1287

.79

5.96

9.30

38.

592.

1439

.18

30.

1006.

1143

.22

58.

1333

.1729.

2618

.12

71.

704.

1609.

574.

1561.

2316

.15

97.

897.

583.

1944

.31

03.

1161

.16

38.

1503

.1673.

1157

.10

86.

1817

.2408.

391.

2269

.647.

1135.

379.

1087

.1962.

1912.

1488.

947.

849.

1794

.15

80.

2385

.23

77.

869.

731.

1534

.1182.

915.

1279

.1668.

1929.

1514

.1276.

2637.

1636.

1052.

1181

.1352.

820.

223.

1465.

1229

.614.

1223

.15

47.

1577

.11

16.

1061.

841.

2593

.16

41.

2424.

1552.

1842.

2522

.1127.

719.

1315.

724.

624.

578.

446.

1427

.11

37.

1317.

1616

.1746.

1686.

633.

1126

.85

8.16

11.

1361

.

406.

990.

1289

.63

6.15

6.653.

684.

1390.

536.

356.

1216.

251.

611.

2283

.1069.

1820.

713.

2175.

1489.

448.

583.

496.

904.

976.

1312

.41

9.11

54.

1180.

829.

437.

1781

.13

69.

306.

581.

934.

257.

716.

852.

357.

752.

467.

685.

1524.

725.

697.

703.

1267.

687.

877.

435.

989.

461.

479.

202.

294.

320.

322.

800.

300.

257.

1274

.29

7.36

0.1403.

850.

1234.

1085.

1492.

739.

208.

467.

574.

459.

385.

443.

194.

451.

413.

870.

245.

1077

.12

09.

90.

150.

309. 55.

416.

350.

915.

634.

109.

199.

4000.

371.

137.

549.

1234

.19

5.339.

146.

296.

152.

282. 66.

76.

2743.

-13.

210.

221.

109.

607.

244.

378.

379.

160.

376.

251.

441.

171.

122.

259.

337.

320.

258.

-36. -6.

479.

247.

496. 78.

236.

268.

-150.

60.

152. -2.

-98.

158.

363. 45.

202.

-45.

1442.

-113.

-1.

66.

414. 82.

47.

221.

-14. -2.

33.

367.

-54.

394. 2.

396.

331.

-30. 38.

27.

403.

236.

166.

152.

194.

433.

170.

-85.

-51. -3.

46.

38.

-26.

210.

246.

-102.

-13. 16.

64.

274. 48.

-78.

-133.

-78.

-85.

184.

-38.

-188.

-70.

-91.

540.

-107.

110. 24.

355.

193.

235.

104.

17.

-38.

-118.

-132.

74.

163. 10.

-20.

263.

-52. 49.

-149.

464.

-99.

-34.

338.

205.

-233.

113.

-27.

128. 93.

-82.

-102.

-131.

-81. 74.

-77. 85.

-60. -7.

-133.

10.

-151

.-296.

-15.

-145.

58.

-1.

-271.

132. 93.

81.

-141.

Q

1218.

-130

.1548.

58.

345.

Infl

ow

s fo

r O

ctob

er

1929

to

Jan

uar

y

1931

, Ju

ly

to

Dec

embe

r 19

45,

and

Jan

uar

y

1967

to

D

ecem

ber

1968

d

eter

min

ed

thro

ugh re

gre

ssio

n analy

sis.

In

flo

w

com

pu

tati

on

s in

clude

addit

ion

of

ou

tflo

ws

from

K

euka

Lak

e.

WATER YEAR

Tabl

e 9B. Monthly me

an fl

ows

at selected si

tes

in th

e Oswego River

basi

n, New

York

(C

onti

nued

)

KEUKA LA

KE INFLOWS

1

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEE

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

1 In

flow

s fo

r October

1929 to Ma

rch

1965 de

term

ined

through

regr

essi

on an

alys

is.

Inflow

comp

utat

ions

in

clud

e su

btra

ctio

n of

di

vers

ions

into basin

from Wa

neta

an

d Lamoka La

kes.

AUG

SEP

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

68.

-8.

-1.

12. 9.

-7.

39.

-1.

20.

21.

-1.

14.

-10. 68.

47.

-1.

241. 70.

11.

10.

-3.

155. -1. 7.

-1.

-6.

511. 30.

-1.

19.

164. -1. 3. 5.

-8.

-9.

-23.

-26. 71.

-11.

-17. 94.

-27. 37.

-10.

-30.

130.

254.

310. 31.

47.

-9. 8.

142. 20.

16.

88.

38.

157. 23.

10.

50.

-8.

203.

142. 3.

260. 72.

39.

44. 4.

382. 38.

83. 6. 0.

336. 28. 2.

95.

246. -1.

12.

33.

19.

-7.

11.

71.

228.

144. 85.

319.

-18.

380. 16.

111. 70.

82.

413. 13.

112. -4.

177. 50.

60.

28.

130. 77.

110. 65.

85.

248. 7.

334. 45.

25.

382. 58.

66.

52.

36.

466.

129.

256. 23.

79.

163.

203. 13.

70.

545. -4.

20.

81.

63. 6.

62.

30.

165.

208.

180.

266.

145.

714.

161.

225.

167. 86.

470. 93.

336. -3.

275. 48.

160.

132. 63.

342.

158. 87.

33.

122. 14.

322. 29.

33.

379.

297. 27.

253.

183.

328.

384.

202. 33.

124. 65.

186. 7.

301.

241. -8.

58.

51.

190. 21.

36.

23.

141.

188. 85.

93.

125.

166.

183.

299.

179. 24.

374.

384.

156. 21.

201. 27.

20.

116. 53.

151.

291.

444. 56.

63.

49.

316. 99.

184. 74.

145.

193.

250. 97.

443.

277.

236.

199.

132.

139.

158. 14.

229.

260.

274. 56.

19.

97.

216.

306. 46.

136. 91.

355.

353. 99.

214.

233.

374.

756.

248.

180.

130.

469.

303.

244.

402.

278.

465.

1559

.160.

444.

569.

308.

264.

918.

377.

408.

1087

.34

1.229.

714.

191.

533.

620.

548.

447.

264.

760.

959.

359.

214.

474.

338.

368.

478.

679.

873.

121.

529.

261.

372.

138.

430.

653.

720.

500.

326.

343.

517.

500.

814.

822.

243.

354.

570.

399.

370.

427.

507.

712.

355.

384.

1398

.64

6.374.

413.

412.

252. 73.

720.

440.

249.

568.

479.

480.

256.

414.

199.

860.

541.

1083.

529.

662.

779.

494.

370.

447.

280.

187.

249.

150.

519.

411.

482.

474.

443.

494.

187.

283.

247.

451.

362.

137.

349.

364.

148. 45.

323.

126.

335.

108. 69.

211..

52.

152.

746.

320.

527.

258.

589.

329.

106.

108. 88.

237.

208.

301. 66.

276.

337.

221. 88.

502.

327.

131.

114.

118. 90.

174.

201.

247.

124.

149.

150.

454.

247.

219.

304.

410.

165.

202.

107.

86.

108"

.35

.59

. 9.41

.29.

181. 37.

15.

158. 19.

77.

182.

112.

222.

346.

410.

135. 29.

70.

175. 69.

93.

90. 6. 88.

68.

167. 26.

310.

263. 25.

31.

32.

23.

65.

111.

277.

233. 24.

56.

1413.

139. 61.

181.

301. 34.

95.

60.

19.

47.

19.

25.

-2.

919. 0. 39. 9.

17.

69. 3.

122. 41.

38.

97.

85.

111. 39. 5.

30.

83. 7.

42. 6.

-10. 81.

35.

46.

11.

35.

55.

-2.

15.

30.

-4.

-27. 72.

36.

34.

43.

-4.

361. 10.

-8.

-15.

128. 53.

12.

41.

-4.

27. 1.

111. -9.

90. 2. 32. 1. 9. 18.

-4.

55.

18. 3.

57.

63.

174. 44. 3. 1.

12. 5. 18.

-3.

18.

50.

10.

12. 4. 10.

76.

-3. 7. 0.

-41.

-30. 95.

-25.

-30. 20.

-22. 73.

-16. 22.

25.

136. 25.

143. 52.

-5.

10.

-10. 15.

-16. 44.

-1. 1.

121.

-10. 36.

-13. 30. 1.

-3.

196. 20.

60. 3. 1.

25. 3.

-1. 1.

-9.

-6.

76. 2. 15.

-4. 4. 8.

-7.

-4.

-8.

-7.

-20. 13.

-15.

-55. 22.

-5.

30.

37. 2.

415.

-18.

510.

-20.

141.

Table 9B. Monthly m

ean

flows

at selected sites

in th

e Os

wego

Ri

ver

basin, Ne

w Yo

rk (C

onti

nued

)

CANANDAIGUA

LAKE

INFLOWS

WATE

R YE

AROC

TNC

VDE

CJAN

FEE

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

U>

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

65.

-4. 2. 14.

12,

-3.

38. 2. 21.

23. 2.

-33.

-30. 20.

58.

-28.

248. 57.

-19. -2.

-36. 74.

-35.

-43.

-28.

-12.

455.

-12.

-39. -2.

41.

-40.

-29. 89.

-40.

-52. 17.

-23. 58.

-19. -4.

112.

-16. 32.

-25.

-19.

188.

390.

439. 19.

45.

-5.

10.

132. 21.

18.

83.

38.

145. 24.

-4.

21.

-43.

138. 93.

-1.

286. 40.

-9.

36.

-23.

250. 17.

27.

12.

-2.

125. -4.

-21. 77.

66.

-30.

-13. 66.

81.

-5.

40.

62.

113.

177. 85.

335. 0.

397. 14.

109. 69.

143.

385. 13.

105. -1.

163. 48.

57.

28.

121. 73.

103. 62.

41.

157. 10.

308. 19.

59.

452. 63.

16.

28.

14.

336. 79.

102. 1.

106.

151.

133. 4. 25.

504.

-11. -1.

54.

48.

13.

64.

39.

96.

278.

193.

355.

161.

604. 74.

251.

216. 42.

501. 96.

307. 0.

252. 46.

147.

123. 60.

312.

146. 81.

-5.

101. 1.

315.

-11. 56.

296.

242. 4.

238.

133.

310.

226.

136. 36.

75.

98.

152. 28.

254.

248. 0. 31.

21.

187. 26.

66.

24.

127.

228.

112.

148.

172.

165.

128.

284.

219. 34.

357.

401.

144. 22.

185. 27.

21.

108. 51.

140.

266.

404.

144. 91.

88.

294.

191.

318. 72.

103.

198.

234.

130.

543.

267.

172.

219.

211.

397.

162. 52.

240.

274.

367.

127. 28.

75.

192.

270. 55.

130.

187.

200.

366.

133.

169.

163.

389.

816.

128.

168.

161.

427.

277.

223.

366.

255.

423.

1412

.148.

404.

517.

405.

315.

979.

314.

439.

926.

323.

338.

496.

188.

627.

631.

527.

377.

250.

679.

890.

309.

290.

480.

461.

246.

298.

660.

696.

166.

405.

316.

340.

209,

272.

631.

683.

560.

307.

336.

662.

545.

712.

910.

223.

323.

518.

364.

337.

389.

461.

647.

324.

350.

1017.

500.

445.

517.

416.

226. 60.

632.

399.

208.

341.

433.

443.

207.

468.

272.

785.

444.

714.

509.

429.

654.

357.

273.

403.

374.

210.

278.

172.

577.

477.

542.

521.

570.

495.

227.

341.

327.

526.

437.

127.

319.

332.

137. 44.

295.

117.

305.

100. 65.

198. 40.

124.

746.

346.

460.

144.

493.

332.

128.

100.

134.

243.

287.

300. 58.

349.

322.

156.

123.

421.

288.

129.

155.

154.

103.

188.

204.

180.

196.

154.

167.

489.

306.

203.

285.

412.

140.

162.

118.

81.

101. 35.

56.

11.

40.

29.

167. 37.

17.

396. 32.

32.

261.

130.

172.

179.

249.

133. 4. 42.

180. 51.

84.

86.

-15. 70.

63.

218. 21.

146.

244. 36. 5. 55.

21.

75.

85.

260.

260. 46.

70.

1067.

183. 76.

193.

249. 18.

26.

27.

21.

45.

20.

26. 1.

834. 3. 38.

11.

18.

70.

11.

57.

33.

-5.

54.

30.

29.

25.

19.

29.

30.

-5.

16.

-36.

-42. -1.

20.

169.

-21. 5. 17.

-11. 5.

-32.

"1 2. 92.

80.

27.

10. 8.

333.

-23. -3.

62.

106. 45.

-13. 27.

0. 27. 4.

104. -5.

85. 5. 32. 4. 11.

-37.

-54.

-24. 6.

-29.

-20.

-12. 58.

-4.

-17.

-19.

-17.

-34. 19.

-39. 44. 3.

-23.

-25.

-10. 16.

13.

57.

-18. -4.

14. 7. 26.

15.

-43. 16. 2. 86.

-23. 21.

28.

259. 57.

-26. 15.

.1 12.

-6.

17.

-11. 43. 2. 5.

113. -6.

-9.

-23. 11.

-45.

-24.

109. 10.

-39.

-40.

-44.

-29.

-17.

-15.

-36.

-15.

-50. -7.

-26. 24.

-50.

-37.

-45.

-12.

-30.

-57. 13. 3. 3.

-15.

-51. 39.

25.

14.

-28. 1.

205. 8.

608. 24.

63.

1 In

flow

s for

Octo

ber

1929

to

No

vemb

er 19

39 de

term

ined

through

regr

essi

on analysis.

Inflow

computations in

clud

e addition o

f di

vers

ions

out

of ba

sin

for

city of

Ca

nada

!gua

and

vi

llag

es of Newark,

Palmyra, Go

rham

, an

d Rushville*

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45

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47

Tabl

e 9C. Monthly mean flows

at selected sites

in th

e Oswego River

basi

n, New

York

(Continued)

CANANDAIGUA

LAKE

DI

VERS

IONS

00

WATER YEAR

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

3.

3.

3.

3. 5. 5. 5. 5. 6.

6. 5. 6. 6.

6.

6. 7.

8.

9. 9. 9. 9.

9.

9. 9. 10.

10.

10.

10.

9. 10.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 3.

3.

3. 3.

4.

4. 5. 5. 5. 6. 5. 5. 5. 5.

5.

5.

8.

8. 9.

9. 9.

9.

9. 9. 9.

10.

10. 9.

9.

9. 9.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 3.

3. 3. 3.

4. 5. 5. 5. 5. 6. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 8.

9. 8. 9. 9. 9.

9. 9. 9. 9. 10.

10.

9. 10.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

3. 3.

2.

3. 4.

4. 5. 4. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 7.

8.

8.

8.

9.

9.

9.

9.

9.

9.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

10.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 3. 2. 2.

2.

4.

4.

5.

4. 5. 5. 5.

4. 5. 5. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 7. 8.

8.

8.

8. 9.

8. 9. 10. 9.

9. 9.

9.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0. 0. 0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 3. 2. 3.

3.

4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 5. 5. 5.

5. 5. 5. 5. 7. 8.

8. 8. 9. 9.

9.

9. 10. 9.

10.

10. 9.

10.

10.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

3.

2.

3.

3. 4.

4.

4. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5.

7. 8. 8. 8.

8. 8. 9.

9.

9. 9.

9.

10.

9.

9.

10.

9.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 3. 3.

3.

3.

4.

4.

4. 6. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5.

6. 5. 8.

8. 9. 8.

9.

9. 9. 9. 10. 9.

10.

11.

10.

11.

11.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0. 0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

3. 3.

3.

3. 5. 4. 5. 7. 5. 6. 5. 5. 5. 5. 6.

6. 8.

9. 9.

10.

9. 9. 9.

9. 10.

10.

10.

11.

11.

11.

11.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 3. 3. 3.

3. 5. 5. 5. 6. 5. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6.

6. 7. 9.

9. 11.

10.

10.

10.

9.

10.

10.

11.

10.

11.

11.

11.

12.

11.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0. 3. 3. 3.

3. 5. 5. 5. 6.

6. 7. 6. 7. 6. 6.

6. 7. 9. 9. 10.

10.

10.

10.

9.

10.

10.

11.

10.

12.

11.

11.

11.

10.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0. 0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

3. 3. 3.

3. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 6.

5.

6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 9.

9. 9. 10.

9.

9.

9.

10.

10.

11.

10.

10. 9.

10.

10.

10.

i i i iocMooo>m»o»Oi-icM»ocooooocococo«si^-iooooo>coin»oinoooinin»o-iesit-.»ocso«si^-i»oesio>-*coco»o-*

! i l io>Oi-ir^^cocooinooin-*corxcocoppinesiinincnco-*-*t-»corit-»inooi-i*oo>t-»ini-iesio>p-*o>ootsiin i i l lcoo>ooooino>-*o>ooesirxo>coo>tsiesi»oo>esioooooesi»o-*^-i»oPo>oo-*cocoPo>i--ii--i-*»oPooooo>rxcooo

,-1 ,-1 .-i

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^-IÎCs|i-li-l<-l ^4 ^4 i-l i-li-li-l i-l

i i i iesoot-»ooesio>t-»oot-»ot-»o>rxi-ico«Mesi-*-*-*o>inoo>invoesio>oooPOooin-*in-*o>o>esioo»oino>co>o

o »< ! l ir^^c>i»ocor^r»r^c>i»opeso>ooinr»»oo>po>î-it-.inooooinooinrxinpo>i--icoOi-ies|Pint-.i--ies|oot-. Ed i-l^-i îîîîî î ,_ii-li-li-ltn o

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49

3§> 3

58

O r-4 Op \Or-

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50

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51

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