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The Urinary System
KidneysBlood Supply
Flows through kidney starting from
Aorta
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate artery
Afferent arterioles
Glomerulus
Efferentarterioles
Peritubular capillaries
& vasa recta
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava
Filter blood, excrete hydrophilic wastes, maintain water balance & pH, help produce RBCs, vitamin
D , & control BP
Functions
Nephrons
Contains >1 millionThe kidneys structural &
functional units
Are
Consist of
Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule
Cortex & Medulla
Located in
GlomerulusBowman’s
capsule
Surrounds
Capillary bed
Is a
Afferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles
Fed & drained by
Carry blood to
glomerulus
Carry blood away from glomerulus
Capsular space
Collects filtrate
contains
Proximal convoluted
tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting ducts
Narrows into
Distal convoluted
tubule
Carries urine to Carries urine to Carries urine to
Renal cortex
Located in
Renal cortex
Receives filtrate from many
nephronsCortex
Ascending limb
Descending limb
Located in
Renal Cortex
Located in Renal Cortex & medulla
Located in
Renal pelvis
Brings toThin
segmentThick
segment
Consists ofConsists of
Located inFiltration membrane
Form urine
Function
Filtrate
Produces
Peritubular
capillariesVasa recta
In cortical nephron supply
In Juxtamedullary nephron supply
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Regulates rate of filtration &
systematic BP
Granular cells
contains
Extraglomerular cells
Macula densa
Mechanoreceptors
Act as
chemoreceptors
Act as
Sends signals btw
Sense BP in afferent arteriole
Respond to NaCl content
changes in filtrate
Urine Formation
2. Selective Tubular
Reabsorption
Specialized contact point btw afferent arteriole & distal tubule
Passive process
Fluids are moved from the blood to the Glomerular
capsule
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Due to
andNet filtration
pressure
Filtrate formation
Responsible for
1. Glomerular Filtration
Return of essential solutes & water from nephron back to blood
Transepithelial process
Proximal tubules
Filtrate enters
3. Tubular Secretion
Movement of substances from
blood into tubules to enter filtrate
Reverse of reabsorption
urinevia
Important for excretion of Drugs, metabolites, excess
K+, reabsorbed substancesBlood
pH
& regulation of
Diabetes Insipidus
Differs fromDiabetes mellitus
Results from
Excessive thirst and urination as a result of inadequate output of ADH or lack of normal response by kidney to ADH
IsInsulin deficiency or resistance leading to high levels of glucose in the blood. More common & urination output is not as large/ frequent & diluted as DI.
Symptoms are
• Increase urine output- urine is pale colourless, diluted with mostly water
• Frequent urination• Nocturia• Bedwetting• Dehydration
4 ty
pes
Central
Gestational
Nephrogenic
Dipsogenic
Damage to pituitary gland
Damage to thirst
mechanism in hypothalamus
Caused by
Caused by
Occurs
During pregnancy. enzyme produced
by placenta destroys ADH in
mother
Kidney’s inability to respond to
ADH.
Caused byResults from
Inheritable genetic defects, drugs, kidney
disorders
Indomethacin (Indocin)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that relieves pain, fever &
inflammation, by reducing production of
prostaglandins.
Diuretic used for treating
accumulation of fluid &
hypertension. Blocks salt &
fluid reabsorption in kidneys &
causes increased urine output.
Mode of action
Mode of action
Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, rash, stomach
discomfort
Side effects
Hypotension, weakness, impotence,
jaundice, rash, nausea.
Anaphylaxis,
Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
Efferent arteriole supplies
Peritubular capillaries
Short loop of henle & glomerulus
has
And its
long loop of henle &
glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
supplies vasa recta
has
And its
Cortex-medulla junction
locatedFurther from
Near to
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