ConfidentPublicSpeakingUnlocked.pdf

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Confident Public Speaking Unlocked

2009


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LEGAL NOTICE

The Publisher has striven to be as accurate and complete as possible in the creationof this report; notwithstanding the fact that he does not warrant or represent at anytime that the contents within are accurate due to the rapidly changing nature of theInternet.

The Publisher will not be responsible for any losses or damages of any ind incurredby the reader whether directly or indirectly arising from the use of the informationfound in this report.

This report is not intended for use as a source of legal! business! accounting orfinancial advice. "ll readers are advised to see services of competent professionalsin legal! business! accounting! and finance field.

#o guarantees of income are made. $eader assumes responsibility for use of

information contained herein.

The author reserves the right to mae changes without notice. The Publisherassumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever on the behalf of the reader of thisreport.

%urthermore! this information is not presented by a medical practitioner and is foreducational and informational research purposes only.

The content was not created to be a substitute for professional medical advice!

diagnosis! or treatment.

"lways see the advice of your physician or other &ualified health provider with any&uestions you may have regarding a medical condition.

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There are times when each of us is called upon to address a group of people. Thereis no reason why we cannot approach this challenge with relative ease and self'confidence.

The Pu!pose of Speaking

Public speeches are delivered on many different occasions! but no matter what theoccasion! the speaer hopes to get the audience to accept his point of view.

Therefore! in a certain sense! all speeches are persuasive speeches(

Persuading the audience to believe your information persuading the audience tochange its beliefs persuading the audience not only to change its beliefs! but also toact on the changes

Perhaps you wish to inform the audience about capital punishment. )r! you may

wish to get them to change their beliefs about capital punishment. )r! you may notonly wish them to change their beliefs about capital punishment! but to write lettersto the governor telling him what action to tae.

The purpose is determined by the type of audience you are speaing to; by thecircumstances of the speech; and sometimes by the course of action that yourecommend.

*ut! whether the purpose of a particular speech is determined by the audience! bythe circumstances! or by the speaer himself! preparation of the public speech must

begin with the establishment of the purpose of the speech.

This purpose should be put into a sentence which is specific and concrete. " clearnowledge of the purpose in speaing is as helpful to the speaer as a road map is tothe driver. The purpose gives direction to the speech and! to a degree! governs allsubse&uent efforts the speaer maes.

The speaer should therefore begin preparing his speech by asing himself +ust whataction he wishes his audience to tae.

,e call this desired action the intended audience response -I"$.

The intended audience response should aid the audience! not +ust the speaer. ,ee/pect each speaer to be responsible for the welfare of the audience.

,hen itler spoe to the 1erman people prior to and during ,orld ,ar II! he soughtand received support for a military machine that ultimately brought death anddestruction to 1ermany.


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,e believe! therefore! that he misled the 1erman people.

is intended audience response should not have been taen by the people! in theirown self'interest.

The President of the nited 3tates has! on the other hand! suggested the e/change

of atomic energy secrets and fissionable materials among the nations of the world.

This is an action that people could tae in their own self'interest.

" person who would deliberately recommend action by the audience that was totheir detriment is dishonest; he who would do so unnowingly is ignorant. 4ertainly!the public speaer must avoid being either.

" speaer may recommend action that would be beneficial to the audience! butimpractical to carry out. " speaer who would select such an I"$ will! of course!

fail.

To avoid such failure! the speaer should be able to answer these &uestions in theaffirmative(

5oes the audience have the authority to mae the I"$6 -Politicians do notaddress children.

5oes the audience have the capability to mae the I"$6 -"ppeals forcharitable contributions are not made to beggars.

,ould it be appropriate for the audience to mae the I"$6 -,omen should notbe ased to volunteer for heavy labor.

In addition! the speaer should not as for a response that he has neither the timenor the support to +ustify.

2. 3election of the 4entral Idea

People will tae action consistent with the ideas they accept. In order to get an

audience to accept the I"$! a speaer must present an idea that will lead to thedesired response.

In order to clarify the relation between the central idea -4I and the intendedaudience response! let us consider the following I"$ e/amples(

5onate money to charity7ote in the ne/t national election


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$ead better boos824I:. If you donate money to charity! you%ulfil your social obligation.

2. If you donate money to charity! youmay deduct it from your incometa/es.

8. 4haritable organiations will helpyour own community.

:. It is a privilege to vote.

2. It is a civic duty to vote.

8. 7ote to have good government.

:. There are great love stories amongthe classics.

2. *iographies can be instructive.

8. istorical novels can be en+oyable

reading.

*uilding *etter 3peechThese e/amples of central ideas may appear at first glance to be mere arguments infavor of taing the recommended action. In some cases! this may be true.


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It is clear that one particular group would accept one idea more readily thananother.

The selection of the central idea is simply a &uestion of which idea -when fullydeveloped will influence the audience to tae the action desired by the speaer.

,hen selecting the central idea! lie choosing the I"$! the speaer must considerthe nature of his audience. The 4I he selects must be within the intellectual grasp ofhis audience.

The audience must have had the e/perience necessary to understand the idea. The4I should be a challenge to the audience. It must not be hacneyed.

8. 3ubdivisions of the 3peech

,hen you have selected the 4I! you should then divide it into several sub'ideas

which will! in turn! become the main headings of the body of your speech. Theselection of the headings of a speech is an important step in the planning.

%irst! the headings! when taen together! should completely cover the sub+ect. %ore/ample! a speech with the central idea that >The nited 3tates 1overnment isefficient!> should have the following subordinate ideas(

". The


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number of items that people can easily remember. Too many sub'heads can actuallydamage the unity of your speech. Bore than five sub'ideas spell >danger> to thespeaer.

The order in which speech materials are presented can either strengthen or weaenthe effect of the speech. The speaer may find that his speech fits properly into one

of the thought patterns.

If not! then! he should arrange his data in relation to the strength of each point. "speech may be organied around either three or five points.

The more nearly your ideas appro/imate one of the following arrangements! themore effective your speech will be.

The &o!% of the Outline

The speaer should begin the outline of the speech by stating the intended audienceresponse in as concrete terms as is possible. This assures the speaer that histhining about his purpose for speaing is clear.

e should then record the central idea. This is the ne/t step because the selectionof the central idea will determine the framewor of the speech.

"fter selecting the central idea! the speaer should chec to see if it actually will-when developed bring about the desired response.

5ivision of the central idea into sub'ideas should be the ne/t step.

*efore completing the outline! it is necessary! of course! to e/plore each sub'idea!read about it! tal about it! and record whatever support can be found for it.

"t this point it may be necessary to review the central idea and sub'ideas to see ifyour reading and other research will enable you to improve upon your previouschoice of headings.

The ne/t problem is to select from the recorded materials! the best supports

available for each particular idea; decide how much is needed and arrange them inthe most effective way.

If some headings re&uire more specific data for support than has been found!additional research should be done.

#ow that we have the ideas set down! we need to as one more &uestion( >,hichof these ideas will the audience accept on my own authority! and which of theseideas will re&uire additional support6>


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In general! the more radical the statement! the more liely it is that you willneed to refer to a source of reference to persuade the audience to your way ofthining.

P!epa!ation of the Int!oduction and the Conclusion

"fter the body of the speech is complete! and only then! is it possible to determinean appropriate introduction and conclusion.

Planning the Int!oduction

The purpose of the introduction is to prepare the audience to hear your speech.

In order to do this! it must get the attention of the audience! mae the audiencelie or respect you -or both! and create an interest in the ideas you are going topresent.

3pea "udibly. This needs little comment since a speech unheard is practically thesame as a speech unmade. The members of the audience need to listen from thebeginning in order to understand the speech fully.

,hat can be said to gain attention will! of course! depend upon the speaer! theaudience! and the situation. 3ome approaches that have been successful in the pastare(

" startling statement( >Bore people have been illed on our highways thanhave died on all the battlefields in the history of the worldC>

" seemingly unbelievable but true statement( >There are many "mericans whoactually en+oy paying their income ta/es.>

" &uestion or a series of &uestions( >ave you ever stopped to thin what itwould be lie to live in $ed 4hina6 ave you ever wondered what it would belie to be a 4hinese 4ommunist6>

" familiar &uotation( >%or of all sad words of tongue or pen! the saddest arethese( It might have beenCD>

The business'lie approach( >Today we are going to discuss three factors.%irst! we shall consider . . . etc.>

"n e/ample( Aou may use a serious story! an anecdote! a +oe! or a parable.$emember that one illustration is worth a thousand words of e/planation.

"ll the world lies a good story.

#otice how speaers you hear get the attention of their audience. $emember! thefirst sentence you say will be listened to by all. Aou may never again have so high apercentage of listeners.

5onDt miss your best opportunity by wasting it on formalities or trivialities.


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The routine recognition of important guests can be left to a less important part ofthe speech. > is the safest type of salutation and is usuallyused in most speech situations.

#ow that you have the attention of the audience! you need to concentrate onmaing the audience lie or respect you enough to listen.

,ith a hostile audience! it may be necessary to prolong the introduction! but formost audiences! it is sufficient that you be well'prepared to spea to them! that yoube interested in them! and that you get the +ob done as &uicly and as well aspossible.

"void long'winded introductions. 1et to the point. "void apologies at all costs. Thespeaer who says! >IDm not very &ualified to tal to you on this sub+ect! but . . .>ought not to be speaing to begin with.

Aour introduction should arouse the interest of your audience in the theme of yourspeech.

Therefore! your startling statement! challenging statement! series of &uestions!familiar &uotation! business'lie approach! or illustration should point up the themeof your speech.

5o not warm up the audience with a few unrelated +oes and then say! in effect!>,ell! we had better get bac to the speech.> Aou can tell +oes but choose oneswhich illustrate your point.

If you thin you will be nervous during the first few minutes of your speech! beginwith an introduction that will re&uire movement.

Put a chart on one side of the platform so that you can wal over and point to it! setup a demonstration and practice opening with it! or plan to have a few pieces ofnote paper in your hands at the beginning.

" physical movement will assist in calming you. Plan enough movement in yourintroduction to put yourself at ease.

It can be seen from the above discussion that an introduction for a particular speechmust be wored out in terms of the nature of the speech! the speaer! theaudience! and the speech situation.

,e have offered some general suggestions that you might try out in your speeches!but we must repeat these cautions(

%irst! introductions should be as brief as possible.

3econd! materials in introductions should be included only if they contributeto one of the three purposes of the introduction.

Third! the more original and the more timely it is! the more effective theintroduction will be.


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%ourth! all introductions should be planned! yet fle/ible enough to incorporateevents that happen as late as your own introduction.

Planning the Conclusion

The purpose of the conclusion is to draw the whole speech together in a few words.

In order to do this! it must give the audience a sense of finality or completeness!summarie the content of the body of the speech! andEor arouse the audience toaction.

"lthough a conclusion may achieve all three of these purposes! any one of them maybe sufficient to meet the needs of an individual speech.

In order to give the audience a sense of finality or completeness! the conclusionshould be ade&uately designed to balance Preparation of the Introduction and the4onclusion.

"fter the body of the speech is complete! and only then! is it possible to determinean appropriate introduction and conclusion.

It should be neither too long! nor too short. "void the anti'clima/. There is nothingworse for an audience than to thin that a speaer is concluding! only to find thathe has gained steam and is moving on to something new.

" preview of your speech in your introduction will help to avoid these anti'clima/es.ere are some suggestions for giving your conclusion a sense of completeness(

" significant &uotation( 3ave a particularly effective sentence from one ofyour best sources and use it as the basis of your conclusion.

Aou might say...

>By remars encouraging this class to adopt a child overseas! under the 3avethe 4hildren %ederation! may be most effectively concluded by &uoting4onstance 4apron from her $eaderDs 5igest article! when she said(

DI was ashamed that my own troubles! now petty by comparison! had blindedme to the realities of life.D "re we in this same fi/6>

" startling statistic( >)nly F!F00 children are now being sponsored through the3ave the 4hildren %ederation. )nly F!F00.

Thin of the thousands more who need help. "re there not more than F!F00families in the nited 3tates who can afford to share a small amount of theirincome with a destitute child overseas6>

" fitting e/ample( >


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in one room. Their house fell down after a particularly hard winter! and hadto be rebuilt by neighbors ...>The conclusion to every speech ought to summarie its content.

If you tell an audience in your introduction what to e/pect in the speech! bysaying! >I am going to discuss three things with you;> if you point out to theaudience in the body of the speech when you are discussing each of these by

saying! >#ow first! we will discuss . . . >.

"nd if! in your conclusion! you say! >#ow! I have told you three things about . ..!> your audience cannot help but get a clear picture of your message.

If this sounds too elementary to you! remember that you are already highlyfamiliar with the content of your speech and have gone over the materialseveral times.

Aour audience! on the contrary! has not had this opportunity. If you give anaudience three reviews of your main structure -once in the introduction! oncein the body! and once in the conclusion! you need have no fears of beingmisunderstood.

The suggested conclusions will! to a very great e/tent! summarie your content.*ut! your central idea will be even clearer if you also review for your audience themain parts of your speech. If you are not organied! you cannot mae such asummary.

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ConfidentPublicSpeakingUnlocked.pdf