Connecting the Dots - Esri...Connecting the Dots A Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management IHS Users’ Group Presentation • Finding and producing hydrocarbons

Connecting the DotsA Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management

IHS Users’ Group Presentation

• Finding and producing hydrocarbons– Mapping Sciences– Making and Communicating with Maps– Data Sources and Software Applications– Education– Audit/Review– Holistic Approach

• = Enterprise Wide Spatial Data Management

Finding

Location, Location, Location

Petroleum Industry is Location Dependent!

Mapping – Some Concepts

XX

Latitude

Longitude

Southeast54 paces Southwest

42 paces

Treasure IslandTreasure Island

Terrain

Geodesy Reference Surfaces

GeoidEquipotential surface which

approximates to MSL

GeoidNormal to Geoid

ab

EllipsoidSurface where Computations are made

1/f = a/(a-b)

Ellipsoid

Normal to Ellipsoid

h H

N

N=h-HN=h-H

Geodetic Coordinate SystemsGre

enwich

Equator

RelationshipsX = (ν + h) * cos φ * cos λY = (ν + h) * cos φ * sin λZ = [(b2 * ν/a2 ) + h] * sin φ

RelationshipsX = (ν + h) * cos φ * cos λY = (ν + h) * cos φ * sin λZ = [(b2 * ν/a2 ) + h] * sin φ

Zp

XpYp

PHeight hpHeight hp

EllipsoidEllipsoid

λp φp

(NB Some older datums have a reference (0º) meridian at another place than Greenwich)

Some Core Science

• Geoid– Earth’s irregular

shape (terrain)

• Datums (Geographic CRS)– Regional– Global (satellite)– Datum transform– Geoidal height

• A Geodetic Datum is an ellipsoid of revolution attached to the earth at some point.

Geodesy Datum Shifts

GeocenterGeocenter

Green

wich

Equator

Zp

XpYp

PHeight hpHeight hp

EllipsoidEllipsoid

λp φp P

Ellipsoid A (Global Datum)

If the geographical area is small, then[Xg] [∆X] [Xb][Yg] = [∆Y] + [Yb][Zg] [∆Z] [Zb]

∆Z

∆X

∆Y

Ellipsoid B (Regional Datum)

Hierarchy of Mapping

Datum (includes ellipsoid)is the Foundation

X,Y,Z Cartesian and Lat Long, Ht

Projected CRS

is a derivativeof the Datum (Geog CRS)

Easting, Northing, Elevation (above MSL)

Green

wich

Equator

Zp

XpYp

Php

EllipsoidEllipsoid

λp Φp

stable Unstable w/o Datum

Scale Distortion (N:1)

[1/cos(lat)]

0 ° 1

48 ° 1.5

60 ° 2

71 ° 3

76 ° 4

80° 6

Mercator Projection - Distortion

N

S

Equator

80

60

45

30

15

0

15

30

45

60

80

Position DependentFunctions, Activities, & Relationships

GIS/Mapping Management RequirementReformatting, Re-referencing and

Re-presenting Spatial Data

Property Lease Acquisition&

Processing

DrillingData Loading&

Interpretation

ReservoirManagementProduction

Facilities&

Pipelines

Random Selection

• M Datums per country, N Datasets per Project gives Random Chance 1:M*N

– 4 Datums, 5 Datasets – Chances of getting Datum 100% right 1:20 (5%)

• Adding P Projections gives Random Chance 1:M*N*P– 4 Projections– Chances of getting Datum and Projection right 1:80 (1.25%)

• With some prior knowledge/inputFairly realistic chances are 2 datums, 2 projections and 5 datasets giving a chance of 1:20 (5%) of getting all 5 datasets properly mapped.

ExistingWell &

Seismic Data Acquisition

Geological Prospecting

LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions

PreLease SaleActivities

Satellite Aerial

Map Data


Property Lease

Functional Activities

GIS/Mapping Management Requirement

Auditing


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


ExistingWell &


Satellite Aerial

Map Data



Maybe OK if you are partner in both Blocks!

At ~300 barrels per acre foot, this represents about 49 MM barrels per 100

ft of pay in the next door block!

4000 ft

Actual Lease Boundary

Boundary as loaded to interpretation

system

Phase I - Boundary and Ring Fence Results



Data fromIndustry

DB



Processing



Auditing

Seismic Processing

2D, 3DSeismic

Acquisition


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

P1/90Bin

CenterSEGP1

Data

ExistingWell &


Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data

Seismic Processing

2D, 3DSeismic

Acquisition

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

P1/90Bin

CenterSEGP1

Data

Double Trouble!

Acquisition Contractortransformed Navigation

Data to Local Datum

Acquisition Contractortransformed Navigation

Data to Local Datum

Processing requested acquisition Datum

Processing requested acquisition Datum

Retransformed dataRetransformed data

Survey acquiredSatellite Datum

Survey acquiredSatellite Datum

Data misplaced by 350 metersDry hole

Cost $30 MM

Data misplaced by 350 metersDry hole

Cost $30 MM



Processing

Data Loading&

Interpretation



Auditing

ProposedWell

Location

Seismic Processing

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

Acquisition


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

LoadingSheets

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

P1/90Bin

CenterData

ExistingWell &


MiddlewareOpenSpirit

InterpretationSystemVendors

Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data

ApplicationManagement

ProposedWell

Location

DataLoadingInterpretationLoadingSheets

Exploitation&

Volumetrics






Software Uncertainty

• G&G Applications– Openworks/Landmark, Finder/Geoframe, Geographix, Kingdom,

Trango, Probe, Petra, EPOS, Open Spirit

• Set 2– Blue Marble Geographic Calculator, Mentor, ArcView, ERMapper,

AutoCAD, Atlas Seismic, Excel, NADCON, Other Web-Based applications

• Set 3– Satellite/Aerial Image, ASCII, Shapefile, DEM, Bathymetry, DWG/DRG,

Digitized data (Accuracy 0.06” at Scale), Do you know the references? Datum, Projection, Height, Orientation, Units!

• Do these databases and programs all produce the same result when transforming or converting coordinates? Did anyone check?

Multiyear Mapping

Loading Sheet Lament!

601.641.6663.1-49.1-661.248.3-1.617.1-569.6-1.8L5

-58.691.31.8-0.7662.1-47.3658.1-32.491.8-50.2L4

600.357.8663.8-33.6-2.3-15.0-661.832.7-570.3-17.3L2

33.842.393.7-50.9571.04.2-91.550.5567.518.5L1

dydxdydxdydxdydxdydxdydx

WELL (SL)UKOOA P1L5L4L2L1



Processing


Interpretation



Auditing

ProposedWell

Location

Seismic Processing

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

AcquisitionDrilling Directional

DrillingGeological Prospecting

LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

LoadingSheets

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

P1/90Bin

CenterData

ExistingWell &




Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data


DrillingDirectionalDrilling

SiteSurvey

SiteSurvey



Proposed Drilling Location

• Two Surveys– Interpreter complained

that one was mismatched with the other

– One survey loaded with new corners, but datum labeling not changed

– Result – 250 meter error

• Question – would we have found it if there was only one survey?

Directional Survey Disconnect

IG

Magnetic Dec (MD): -4.13

TN to Grid (GC): 4.90

Totl AZ Corr MD+GC: 0.77

Magnetic Dec (MD): -4.13

TN to Grid (GC): 4.90

Totl AZ Corr MD+GC: 0.77

Incorrect Processing

MT

4.90

- 4.13

.77

G

MN to TN: - 4.13

TN to Grid: -0.77

True Corr: - 4.90

MN to TN: - 4.13

TN to Grid: -0.77

True Corr: - 4.90

Correct Solution

MT

- 4.13-.77

G

Correction

Valid Corr: - 4.90Wrong corr: 0.77Correction Applied: - 5.67

Valid Corr: - 4.90Wrong corr: 0.77Correction Applied: - 5.67

MT

IG- 4.90

- 5.61

.77

Error in 5 wells: 5,300 foot offset, target locations misplaced by 520 ft

Well Walkabout!

Well Databases

-1100

-550

0

550

1100-1100 -550 0 550 1100

Diff

eren

ce in

Y (f

t)Difference in x (ft)

Satellite – Company DB

-400

-200

0

200

400-400 -200 0 200 400

Diff

eren

ce in

Y (f

t)

Difference in x (ft)

S,T = Satellite – Industry DB



Processing


Interpretation

Facilities&

Pipelines



Auditing

ProposedWell

Location

Seismic Processing

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

AcquisitionDrilling

Pipelinesand

Facilities Installation

DirectionalDrilling


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

LoadingSheets

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

P1/90Bin

CenterData

ExistingWell &




Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data


SiteSurvey

Pipelinesand




Uphill Battle!

Terrain(Above MSL)

Planned Direction of Flow

Ellipsoid(Ht above ellipsoid)

Upward Slope

Downward Slope

Facility or Complexity!

ProposedProposedLocationLocation

Your Lease

If you were someone else,what would your settlement price be?

Someone else’sLease

ActualActualLocationLocation



Processing


Interpretation


Facilities&

Pipelines



Auditing

ProposedWell

Location

Seismic Processing

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

AcquisitionDrilling

Pipelinesand


DirectionalDrilling


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation Production

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

LoadingSheets

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

ReservoirAnalysis

& Management

4D Seismic Acquisition

&Processing

P1/90Bin

CenterData

ExistingWell &




Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data


SiteSurvey

Production

ReservoirAnalysis

& Management


&Processing



Up Dip ‘Trip’!

300 m

Interpreted Reservoir

Fault

Up-dip, appraisal

Proposed First well

If you drill the first well in the second well locationdue to a geodetic mistake,then when you move ‘up-dip’ to drill the appraisal,you may end up the wrong side of the fault!

Proposed second well

300 m

The Environment

• Great workforce efficiency due to ….– Distributed computing – Multiple users– Multiple sources of data/Internet access

• Higher risk due to……– New data in satellite, legacy data in local datums– Low training budgets/poor understanding– Little internal and supplier oversight– Few procedures

So who is minding the spatial data ‘store’?



Processing


Interpretation


Facilities&

Pipelines



Auditing

ProposedWell

Location

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

AcquisitionDrilling

Pipelinesand


DirectionalDrilling


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation Production

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

LoadingSheets

ReservoirAnalysis

& Management


&Processing



Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data


SWAudit

Audit

IN-HouseAudit

Field QCAudit

DBAudit

SiteSurvey

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

ExistingWell &


Seismic Processing

P1/90Bin

CenterData

Audit



Summary

• Know the references – Always ask!• QC/Audit and record references in detail

especially when transferring data between functions

• Ensuring that all staff are aware of these issues and follow the procedures is a management responsibility

Interdepartmental cooperation is vital

DatumProjectionElevation/HtOrientationUnits of measurement

•Planning – Use Ortho-rectified Satellite Images•In Field •From field to office•When downloading data from DB or web•When converting data before or during loading•From function to function

•Field/DB to Processing•Processing to Interpretation•Interpretation to Drilling•Drilling to Construction

Development Planning





Processing


Interpretation


Facilities&

Pipelines



Auditing

VelocityPicking

&Mapping

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase


&Processing

ExistingWell &




Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data

Geophysical Planning

Ownership/PSC Requirements

SWAudit

Audit

AuditIN-HouseAudit

Field QCAudit

DBAudit

Production Planning

ProposedWell

Location

DataLoading

2D, 3DSeismic

AcquisitionDrilling

Pipelinesand


DirectionalDrilling


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation ProductionSeismic Processing

WSAdmin


LoadingSheets

SiteSurvey

ReservoirAnalysis

& Management

P1/90Bin

CenterData

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

Organizational Dynamics‘Endocrine’ Functions

• Planning/Risk• Accounting and Finance• IT and Communications• Health, Safety and Environment• Diversity and………….. • …Spatial Data Management

Benefits of Good Spatial Data Management

• Lease costs – Ownership• Value in geophysical data • Correct Loading of processed data• Better drilling decisions• Properly placed wells • Better appraisals• Pipelines and facilities properly planned and placed• Staff time spent on core competencies• Improved reserve replacement • Lower finding cost• Increased value of the asset

Example Cost Summary

Putting the well in the right place……….. “priceless”

Lease $ 20,000,000Seismic A&P $ 10,000,000Interpretation $1,000,000 Management $1,000,000Drilling the Well $ 12,000,000Facilities $100,000,000

There are Some Things Money Can’t Buy….!For Everything Else, there’s

Poor POSITIONING is a HIGH RISK activity!!!

Connecting the DotsA Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management

Development Planning



Processing


Interpretation


Facilities&

Pipelines



Auditing

VelocityPicking

&Mapping


&Processing

ExistingWell &




Data fromIndustry

DB

Satellite Aerial

Map Data

Ownership/PSC Requirements

Production Planning

ProposedWell

Location

DataLoading Drilling

Pipelinesand


DirectionalDrilling


LeaseContract

BoundaryDefinitions


Interpretation ProductionSeismic Processing

WSAdmin


LoadingSheets

SiteSurvey

ReservoirAnalysis

& Management

Exploitation&

Volumetrics

SWAudit

Audit

IN-HouseAudit

Field QCAudit

DBAudit

Audit

Geophysical Planning

P1/90Bin

CenterData

2D, 3DSeismic

Data Purchase

2D, 3DSeismic

Acquisition



Documents

Connecting the Dots - Esri...Connecting the Dots A Model for Enterprise Wide Excellence in Spatial Data Management IHS Users’ Group Presentation • Finding and producing hydrocarbons