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8/11/2019 Connors Rs i
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ConnorsResearchTradingStrategySeries
AnIntroduction
to
ConnorsRSI
2
nd
Edition
By
ConnorsResearch,LLC
LaurenceConnors
CesarAlvarez
MattRadtke
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This document cannot be reproduced without the expressed written permission of Connors Research, LLC.Copyright 2014, Connors Research, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 2014, Connors Research, LLC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher and the author.
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regardto the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the author and thepublisher are not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or in the internal orpersonal use of specific clients, is granted by Connors Research, LLC, provided that theU.S. $7.00 per page fee is paid directly to Connors Research, LLC, 1-973-494-7333.
ISBN 978-0-9899857-0-3
Printed in the United States of America.
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This document cannot be reproduced without the expressed written permission of Connors Research, LLC.Copyright 2014, Connors Research, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer
By distributing this publication, Connors Research, LLC, Laurence A. Connors, Cesar Alvarez, and MattRadtke (collectively referred to as Company") are neither providing investment advisory services noracting as registered investment advisors or broker-dealers; they also do not purport to tell or suggestwhich securities or currencies customers should buy or sell for themselves. The analysts and employees
or affiliates of Company may hold positions in the stocks, currencies or industries discussed here. Youunderstand and acknowledge that there is a very high degree of risk involved in trading securities and/orcurrencies. The Company, the authors, the publisher, and all affiliates of Company assume noresponsibility or liability for your trading and investment results. Factual statements on the Company'swebsite, or in its publications, are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice.
It should not be assumed that the methods, techniques, or indicators presented in these products will beprofitable or that they will not result in losses. Past results of any individual trader or trading systempublished by Company are not indicative of future returns by that trader or system, and are not indicativeof future returns which be realized by you. In addition, the indicators, strategies, columns, articles and allother features of Company's products (collectively, the "Information") are provided for informational andeducational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice. Examples presented onCompany's website are for educational purposes only. Such set-ups are not solicitations of any order to
buy or sell. Accordingly, you should not rely solely on the Information in making any investment. Rather,you should use the Information only as a starting point for doing additional independent research in orderto allow you to form your own opinion regarding investments.
You should always check with your licensed financial advisor and tax advisor to determine the suitabilityof any investment.
HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN INHERENTLIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOTREPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING AND MAY NOT BE IMPACTED BY BROKERAGE AND OTHERSLIPPAGE FEES. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT ACTUALLY BEEN EXECUTED, THERESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER- OR OVER-COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAINMARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN
GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEYARE DESIGNEDWITH THE BENEFIT OFHINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TOACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.
Connors Research10 Exchange PlaceSuite 1800Jersey City, NJ 07302
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Table of Contents
Section1TheConnorsRSIIndicator.........................................................5
Section2ConnorsRSIBasePerformance...............................................10
Section3ConnorsRSIPullbackStrategyRules.......................................14
Section4TheRoleofExits.....................................................................21
Section5TestResults............................................................................24
Section6TradingOptionsUsingtheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategy......30
Section7AdditionalThoughts...............................................................34
Aboutthe
Author
...................................................................................
37
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This document cannot be reproduced without the expressed written permission of Connors Research, LLC.Copyright 2014, Connors Research, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Section1
The
ConnorsRSI
Indicator
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ConnorsResearchhasbeendeveloping,testing,andpublishingquantifiedtradingstrategiessincethe
mid1990s. Duringthattime,wehavehadtheopportunitytoevaluateagreatnumberofdifferent
technicalindicatorsandtoassesstheireffectivenessinpredictingfuturepriceaction. Nowwevetaken
thenextstepandcreatedanindicatorofourown: ConnorsRSI. Thepurposeofthisguidebookisto
describetheindicatoritselfandalsotoprovideawelldefined,quantifiedtradingstrategythatutilizes
thisnew
indicator.
ConnorsRSIisacompositeindicatorconsistingofthreecomponents. Twoofthethreecomponents
utilizetheRelativeStrengthIndex(RSI)calculationsdevelopedbyWellesWilderinthe1970s,andthe
thirdcomponentranksthemostrecentpricechangeonascaleof0to100.Takentogether,thesethree
factorsformamomentumoscillator,i.e.anindicatorthatfluctuatesbetween0and100toindicatethe
leveltowhichasecurityisoverbought(highvalues)oroversold(lowvalues).
BeforewediscusshowtocalculateConnorsRSI,letsreviewWildersRSI. RSIisaveryusefuland
popularmomentumoscillatorthatcomparesthemagnitudeofastock'sgainstothemagnitudeofits
lossesoversomelookbackperiod. Wilderhimselfbelievedthat14periodswastheideallookback. We
oftenusetheshorthandnotationRSI(14)forthe14periodRSI. TheformulabelowcomputesRSI(14)for
aseriesofpricechanges:
IfwewantedtocomputeRSIforadifferentnumberofperiods(N),thenwewouldreplace14inthe
formulaabove
with
N,
and
replace
13
with
N
1.
Regardless
of
the
number
of
periods
used
in
the
calculation,theresultwillalwaysbeanumberbetween0and100. TraderswhouseRSI(14)typically
lookforvaluesgreaterthan70toidentifyoverboughtconditions,andvalueslessthan30toindicate
oversoldconditions.
OurpreviousresearchhasshownthatusingshorterlookbackperiodsmakesRSImoreeffectivein
predictingshorttermpricemovements. WehavepublishedmanystrategiesthatutilizeRSI(2),aswell
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asseveralthatuseRSI(3)andRSI(4). ChangingthenumberofperiodsalsohasaneffectontheRSIlevels
thatbestidentifyoverboughtandoversoldconditions. Forexample,anRSI(2)valueoflessthan10is
usuallyareliableindicatorofanoversoldcondition,whileanRSI(2)valueover90isagoodbenchmark
foranoverboughtcondition.
Nowlets
turn
our
attention
back
to
ConnorsRSI.
As
mentioned
previously,
ConnorsRSI
combines
three
components,andasyoumightguess,theyareallelementsthatourresearchhasrepeatedlyshownto
havesignificantpredictiveability:
PriceMomentum: Aswejustdiscussed,RSIisanexcellentwaytomeasurepricemomentum,
i.e.overboughtandoversoldconditions. Bydefault,ConnorsRSIappliesa3periodRSI
calculationtothedailyclosingpricesofasecurity. WewillrefertothisvalueasRSI(Close,3).
DurationofUp/DownTrend:Whentheclosingpriceofasecurityislowertodaythanitwas
yesterday,wesaythatithascloseddown. Ifyesterdaysclosingpricewaslowerthanthe
previousdaysclose,thenwehaveastreakoftwodownclosedays. Ourresearchhasshown
thatthe
longer
the
duration
of
adown
streak,
the
more
the
stock
price
is
likely
to
bounce
when
itrevertstothemean. Likewise,longerdurationupstreaksresultinlargermovesdownwhen
thestockmeanreverts. Ineffect,thestreakdurationisanothertypeofoverbought/oversold
indicator.
Theproblemis,thenumberofdaysinastreakistheoreticallyunbounded,thoughwecould
probablyplacesomepracticallimitsonitbasedonpastexperience. Forexample,wemight
observethattherehavebeenveryfewinstancesofeitheranupstreakoradownstreaklasting
formorethan20days,butthatstilldoesntgetustoatypicaloscillatortypevaluethatvaries
between0and100.
Thesolutionistwofold. First,whenwecountthenumberofdaysinastreak,wewilluse
positivenumbersforanupstreak,andnegativenumbersforadownstreak. Aquickexample
willhelptoillustratethis:
Day ClosingPrice StreakDuration
1 $20.00
2 $20.50 1
3 $20.75 2
4 $19.75 1
5 $19.50 2
6
$19.35
37 $19.35 0
8 $19.40 1
TheclosingpriceonDay2ishigherthanonDay1,sowehaveaonedayupstreak. OnDay3,
thepricecloseshigheragain,sowehaveatwodayupstreak,i.e.theStreakDurationvalueis2.
OnDay4,theclosingpricefalls,givingusaonedaydownstreak. TheStreakDurationvalueis
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negative(1)becausethepricemovementisdown,notup. Thedownwardtrendcontinueson
Days5and6,whichourStreakDurationreflectswithvaluesof2and3. OnDay7theclosing
priceisunchanged,sotheStreakDurationissetto0indicatingneitheranupclosenoradown
close. Finally,onDay8theclosingpricerisesagain,bringingtheStreakDurationvalueback
to1.
ThesecondaspectofthesolutionistoapplytheRSIcalculationtothesetofStreakDuration
values. Bydefault,ConnorsRSIusesa2periodRSIforthispartofthecalculation,whichwe
denoteasRSI(Streak,2). Theresultisthatthelongeranupstreakcontinues,thecloserthe
RSI(Streak,2)valuewillbeto100. Conversely,thelongerthatadownstreakcontinues,the
closertheRSI(Streak,2)valuewillbeto0. Thus,wenowhavetwocomponents RSI(Close,3)
andRSI(Streak,2) thatbothusethesame0100scaletoprovideaperspectiveonthe
overbought/oversoldstatusofthesecuritywereevaluating.
RelativeMagnitudeofPriceChange:ThefinalcomponentofConnorsRSIlooksatthesizeof
todayspricechangeinrelationtopreviouspricechanges. WedothisbyusingaPercentRank
calculation,whichmayalsobereferredtoasapercentile. Basically,thePercentRankvalue
tellsusthepercentageofvaluesinthelookbackperiodthatarelessthanthecurrentvalue.
Forthiscalculation,wemeasurepricechangenotindollarsandcents,butasapercentageof
thepreviousdaysprice. Thispercentagegainorlossistypicallyreferredtoastheoneday
return. Soifyesterdaysclosingpricewas$80.00,andtodayspriceis$81.60,theoneday
returnis($81.60 $80.00)/$80.00=0.02=2.0%.
TodeterminethePercentRank,weneedtoestablishalookbackperiod. ThePercentRank
valueisthenthenumberofvaluesinthelookbackperiodthatarelessthanthecurrentvalue,
dividedby
the
total
number
of
values.
For
example,
if
the
look
back
period
is
20
days,
then
we
wouldcomparetodays2.0%returntotheonedayreturnsfromeachoftheprevious20days.
Letsassumethatthreeofthosevaluesarelessthan2.0%. WewouldcalculatePercentRankas:
PercentRank=3/20=0.15=15%
ThedefaultPercentRanklookbackperiodusedforConnorsRSIis100,orPercentRank(100). We
arecomparingtodaysreturntotheprevious100returns,orabout5monthsofpricehistory.
Toreiterate,largepositivereturnswillhaveaPercentRankcloserto100. Largenegative
returnswillhaveaPercentRankcloserto0.
Thefinal
ConnorsRSI
calculation
simply
determines
the
average
of
the
three
component
values.
Thus,
usingthedefaultinputparameterswouldgiveustheequation:
ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)=[RSI(Close,3)+RSI(Streak,2)+PercentRank(100)]/3
Theresultisaveryrobustindicatorthatismoreeffectivethananyofthethreecomponentsused
individually. Infact,ConnorsRSIalsoofferssomeadvantagesoverusingallthreecomponentstogether.
Whenweusemultipleindicatorstogenerateanentryorexitsignal,wetypicallysetatargetvaluefor
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eachone. Thesignalwillonlybeconsideredvalidwhenalltheindicatorsexceedthetargetvalue.
However,byusinganaverageofthethreecomponentindicators,ConnorsRSIproducesablendingeffect
thatallowsastrongvaluefromoneindicatortocompensateforaslightlyweakervaluefromanother
component. Asimpleexamplewillhelptoclarifythis.
Letsassume
that
Trader
A
and
Trader
B
have
agreed
that
each
of
the
following
indicator
values
identify
anoversoldcondition:
RSI(Close,3)
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Section2
ConnorsRSI
Base
Performance
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Withanyindicatorthatyouuseinyourtrading,itishelpfultoknowhowtheindicatorbehaves,and
whatitstellingyouaboutthesecurityprice. OurgoalwithConnorsRSIwastodevelopasuperior
momentumoscillatorwhichwouldproducelowvaluesforoversoldstocksandETFs,andhighvalues
whenthosesecuritiesareinanoverboughtstate.
Todetermine
whether
we
had
achieved
our
goal,
we
ran
the
following
test.
We
created
auniverse
of
approximately6,000highlyliquidstocks. StartingonJanuary2,2001,welookedforeverystockinthe
universewhichhadthefollowingcharacteristicsonthatday:
1. Atleast200daysoftradingdataavailable
2. Averagedailyvolumeoverthepast21daysofatleast500,000sharesperday
Eachstockthatmetourcriteriawasplacedinoneoftwentydifferentbucketscorrespondingtoits
ConnorsRSIvalueatthecloseoftradingonthatday. StockswithConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valuesoflessthan
5wentintothe0bucket. ThosewithConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valuesgreaterthanorequalto5andless
than10wereplacedinthe5bucket,etc. allthewayuptothe95bucket,whichcontainedstockswith
ConnorsRSI
values
of
95
to
100.
This
process
was
repeated
for
every
trading
day
through
February28,2014.
Next,foreachofthe20bucketswecalculatedthefivedayreturnofeachstockforeverydayinthetest
period,andaveragedthosevalueswithineachofthe20buckets. Insimpleterms,wedeterminedthe
typical5daypricemove(asapercentage)ofastockwhoseConnorsRSIvaluefellintoaparticular
bucket.
Weexpectedthatstocksthatwereoversold(thosewithlowConnorsRSIvalues)wouldincreaseinprice,
whilethosethatwereoverboughtwoulddecreaseinprice. Asyoucanseeinthetablebelow,thisis
exactly
what
happened.
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ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)
Bucket 5DayReturn
0 2.15%
5 1.16%
10 0.65%
15 0.54%
20 0.37%
25 0.27%
30 0.29%
35 0.25%
40 0.21%
45 0.16%
50 0.33%
55 0.36%
60 0.24%
65 0.22%
70 0.15%
75 0.08%
80 0.07%
85 0.06%
90 0.28%
95 0.94%
Youcan
see
that
as
the
ConnorsRSI
value
goes
below
20,
the
5day
returns
begin
to
increase
substantially. StockswithaConnorsRSIvalueintherangeof0to5(the0bucket)experiencedan
averagepriceincreaseof2.15%overthenextfivetradingdays.
WeseetheinversebehavioratthetopendoftheConnorsRSIrange:asthevaluemovesabove80,the
5dayreturnsareincreasinglynegative,withstocksinthe95bucketshowinga0.94%pricedecrease
overthefollowingfivedays.
Forthoseofyouwhoaremorevisuallyoriented,thechartbelowshowsthesameinformationasthe
tableabove:
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NowthatwevelookedatConnorsRSIinisolation,letsmoveontotheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategy
rulestoseehowtheindicatorperformsaspartofacompletesystem.
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
5DayReturnofStockswith
aConnorsRSI(3,2,100)ValueofX
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Section3
ConnorsRSI
Pullback
StrategyRules
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Pullbacktradingisoneofthemostpopularformsoftradingamongsttraders.Thegoodnewsisthat
whenitsdonecorrectlyitcanbeverylucrative.Thenotsogoodnewsisthatoverthepasttwodecades
therehasbeenaproliferationofpublishedpullbackstrategieswhichhavelittleornoedgeatall.
InthisStrategyGuide,wewillpresentastrategywhichutilizesConnorsRSIincombinationwithother
indicatorsto
identify
when
apullback
has
occurred.
Each
of
these
indicators
and
their
contribution
to
thestrategywillbedescribedinthenextchapter. Multipleexittriggerswerealsotested,allowingyou
toselectavariationofthestrategythatcomplementsyouroveralltradingplan.
Beforewegoon,letslookatexactlywhatapullbackisandwhyitsimportant.
What Is A Pullback?
Apullbackoccurswhenasecuritywhosepricehasbeenmovinghighersellsoff,i.e.thepriceofthe
securitydrops. Mostpeopletradepullbacksbasedondailybars,althoughsometradersseekout
intradaypullbackswhileothersuselongertimeframes. Thecommonthemeisthattradersare
attemptingto
identify
stocks
that
they
feel
have
pulled
back
too
far
and
will
likely
regain
their
upward
trend. Thismovementbacktowardthelongertermtrendisknownasmeanreversion.
Therearenumerouswaystoidentifypullbacks,rangingfromsimplyeyeballingachartallthewayup
tousingindicatorssuchasFibonaccinumbers. Althoughthesetechniquesworkforsometraders,we
preferamoreprecise,quantifiedapproach. Withexactentryandexitrulesinplace,wewanttosee
robusttestresultsforthemajorityofthemanycombinationsofparametersthatweretesting,andfor
thoseresultstobeconsistentacrosstheentiretestingperiod(2001throughearly2014). Suchsolid
resultsindicatethatwearenotsimplycurvefittingorcherrypicking.
Whentradingshorttermpullbacks,thebestresultsoccurwhenyouholdthepositionforatleastafew
days.Often
stocks
pull
back
sharply
and
snap
back
strongly.
There
is
no
way
of
knowing
ahead
of
time
howfarthatupwardmovewillbe,soitiscrucialtohavewelldefinedexitrulesinplacewhichallowfor
therallytoplayout.
NowletsmoveontotheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategyrules. Aswithallofourstrategies,inthis
guidebookwewillpresentyouwithquantifiedrulesforenteringandexitingtrades. Inaddition,wewill
showyouhowdifferentvariationsoftheruleshaveperformedovertime,sothatyoucanselectthe
variationsthatbestcomplementyourowntradingplan.
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HerearetheentryrulesfortheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategy:
1. Thestockpricemustbeabove$5pershare.
2. Thestocksaveragedailyvolumeoverthepast21days(onetradingmonth)mustbeatleast
250,000sharesperday.
3. Thestocks
10
day
Average
Directional
Index
(ADX)
is
above
30.
4. TodaythestockslowestpriceisatleastW%(W=2,4,6,or8)belowthepreviousdays
close.
5. TodayscloseisinthebottomX%(X=10or25)ofthedaysrange.
6. TheConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valueofthestockisbelowY,whereY=5,10,or15.
7. Iftheaboverulesaremettoday,buythestocktomorrowonafurtherintradaylimitZ%
belowtodaysclosingprice(Z=4,6,8,10).
8. ExitthepositionwhenthestockcloseswithaConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valueaboveN(N=50,60
70or80),exitingattheclosingprice.
Letslookateachruleinalittlemoredepth,andexplainwhyitsincludedinthestrategy.
Rule1helpsussteerclearofpennystocksandotherhighlyvolatile,unpredictablecompanies.Though
priceisneveraguarantee,wehavefoundthat$5/shareisagoodpricefloorforselectingmorestable
stocks.
Rule2assuresthatwereinhighlyliquidstockswhichcanbereadilyboughtandsold,withtightbid/ask
spreads.
Rule3confirmsthestrengthoftherecenttrend. ADXisnondirectional,soitwillquantifyatrend's
strengthregardlessofwhetheritisupordown. However,thenextthreeruleswillestablishthefact
that
the
stock
is
currently
in
a
down
trend.
Rule4identifiesabasicpullback:asignificantselloff,measuredasapercentageofthepreviousclosing
price. Sincethisruleusesthelowpriceforthedayratherthantheclosingprice,wedontyetknow
whattodaysoverallpriceactionlookslike,butwedoknowthatthestockfalteredinameaningfulway.
Rule5givesusmorevisibilityintotodayspriceaction. Closingrangeiscalculatedas:
ClosingRange=(CloseLow)/(HighLow)
Forexample,iftodaysLowpricewas$12.00,theHighpricewas$12.50,andtheClosingpricewas
$12.05,thentheclosingrangewouldbe:
ClosingRange=(12.0512.00)/(12.5012.00)=.05/.50=.10=10%
WhileRule4tellsusthatthestockstumbled,Rule5letsusknowthatitdidnotrecoversignificantly
beforetheendofthetradingday,whichinturnisagoodindicatorthatthepriceislikelytofallfurther
tomorrow.
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Rule6isthekeytodeterminingthequalityofthepullback. Ourresearchhasshownthatthelowerthe
ConnorsRSIvalueis,thelargerthebounceislikelytobewhenthestockrecovers.
Rule7allowsustoenterthetradeatanoptimalprice. Weretakinganalreadyoversoldstockas
measuredbyConnorsRSI(3,2,100),andthenwaitingforittobecomeevenmoreoversoldonanintraday
basis.
Becausethe
intraday
price
drop
is
occurring
for
asecond
consecutive
day,
its
often
accompanied
byagreatdealoffear.Moneymanagersgetespeciallynervousandoftentelltheirheadtraderstojust
getmeoutaftertheyhavemadethedecisiontosell.Thispanichelpscreatetheopportunity.
Rule8providesawelldefinedexitmethod.Fewstrategieshavequantified,structured,anddisciplined
exitrules.Rule8givesyoutheexactparameterstoexitthetrade,backedbyoveradecadeofhistorical
testresults.
Letsseehowatypicaltradelooksonachart. Forthisexample,welluseavalueof4%fortheselloff
(W),25%fortheclosingrange(X),AConnorsRSI(Y)valueof10,andanentrylimit(Z)of8%. Wewillexit
whenConnorsRSIclosesabove70.
Chartcreated
in
Amibroker.
Reprinted
courtesy
of
AmiBroker.com.
Figure1:Setup,EntryandExitsignalsforMTL
Onthechartabove,thetoppaneshowsthepricebarsinblack,theverticalgraylinemarksthecurrently
selecteddaywhichisalsothesetupday,thegreenuparrowindicatestheentryday,andthereddown
arrowindicatestheexitday. Themiddlepanedisplaysthevolumeasverticalblackhistogrambars,and
showsthe21daymovingaverageofvolumeasagreenline. ThebottompaneshowsConnorsRSIasa
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redline,andADXasablueline. Nowwellconfirmthateachofourentryandexitconditionswas
correctlymet.
Rule1requiresthepriceofthestocktobeabove$5pershare. Forthedaysshownonthechart,wecan
seethatthepricehasrangedfromjustover$7.50/sharetojustunder$5.50/share,thusmeetingour
condition.
Rule2requiresthatthe21daymovingaverageofthevolumebegreaterthan250,000shares/day. The
averagevolumehasbeenbetween2and4millionshareslately,andonthesetupdayitwas2.9million,
sowevefarexceededthisrequirement.
Rule3statesthatADX(10)mustbeabove30. OnthesetupdaytheADX(10)valueis48.62.
Withourselectedinputparameters,Rule4tellsustolookforalowpricethatsatleast4%below
yesterdaysclose. On5/16/2012(thedaybeforethesetup),MTLclosedat$6.42. Therefore,todays
lowmustbebelow
$6.42x(100% 4%)=$6.42x0.96=$6.16
Theactuallowpriceonthesetupdaywas$5.90,sowehavemetthecriteriaforthisrule.
Rule5requiresthattheclosingpricebeinthebottomX%ofthedaysrange. Weselected25%forthis
exercise,soourcalculationgoesasfollows:
ClosingRange=(CloseLow)/(HighLow)
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Rule8specifiesthatwewillexitthetradewhenConnorsRSI(3,2,100)closesabove70. Forthistrade,
thatoccursontheverynexttradingday,whichisonMonday,5/21/2012. Weexitatorneartheclosing
priceof$6.07,givingusaprofitofover11.6%,excludingcommissions.
Asyoureviewtheexplanationabove,noticethatRules1through5weretrueformostorallofthedays
leadingup
to
the
setup
day.
Price,
volume,
and
ADX
were
all
at
acceptable
levels.
There
were
acouple
ofdecentselloffdays,aswellasclosingpricesinthebottom25%ofthedaysrange. However,
5/17/2012isthefirstdaythatalloftheseconditionsweremetandConnorsRSIdroppedbelow10.
Thatswhythisindicatoristhecenterpieceoftheentirestrategy.
Letsquicklygothroughonemoreexample. Sincewellbefocusingonexitsinalatersection,well
continuetouseanexitofConnorsRSI(3,2,100)>70. However,wellchangetheotherstrategy
parametersasfollows:
Selloff(W)=2%
ClosingRange(X)=10%
ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)=5
EntryLimit(Z)=6%
Hereisthechart,whichusesthesameconventionsasFigure1:
ChartcreatedinAmibroker. ReprintedcourtesyofAmiBroker.com.
Figure2:TradesignalsforWHX
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Theclosingpriceof$9.97fulfillstheRule1requirementof$5/shareorgreater.
The2dayaveragevolumeof286,704meetstheRule2criteriaof250,000.
TheADX(10)valueis51.60,farabovetheRule3requirementof30.
Wecan
see
that
on
7/17/2012
(the
day
prior
to
the
setup
day
shown
by
the
gray
vertical
line)
the
price
ofWHXclosedabitabove$15,whilethelowon5/18/2012wasbelow$10.Alittlementalarithmetic
tellsusthattheselloffwasover30%,sotheresreallynoneedtodotheexactmathtoverifythatweve
exceededthe2%sellofftarget,thusmeetingtheRule4requirement.
Likewise,itsobviousfromthechartthattheclosingpriceon7/18/2012wasinthebottom10%ofthe
daysrange,satisfyingRule5.
ThechartshowsusthattheConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valuewas2.55onthesetupday,whichmeansthatthe
criteriaforRule6hasbeenmet.
Rule7tells
us
to
enter
alimit
order
6%
below
the
setup
days
closing
price
of
$9.97.
That
means
our
limitpricefor7/19/2012willbe:
$9.97x(100% 6%)=$9.97x0.94=$9.37
Theactualpriceon7/19/2012fallsallthewayto$8.20,butwewillenterthetradeatthelimitprice
whichwedeterminedinadvance: $9.37.
Finally,asperRule8,weexitthetradewhenConnorsRSI(3,2,100)closesabove70. Thisoccurstwo
tradingdayslater,onMonday,7/23/2012.
Inthe
next
section
well
take
acloser
look
at
exit
methods,
and
then
well
dive
into
the
test
results
so
thatyoucandeterminewhichstrategyvariation(s)arethebestfitforyourowntrading.
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Section4
The
Role
of
Exits
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Uptothispoint,wehavebeenfocusedmainlyontheentryrulesfortheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategy.
Butentriesareonlyhalfthestory. Youdontmake(orlose)moneyuntilyouexitthetrade,sohavinga
precise,quantifiedexitmethodiscrucialtogeneratingpredictablereturns. Unfortunately,many
publishedstrategieseitherglossovertheexitrulescompletely,ortheyrelyonvaguedirectivessuchas
exitwhenyoureachyourprofittarget. Sincetheydontspecifyhowtocalculateareasonableprofit
target,this
is
basically
equivalent
to
saying
exit
when
you
feel
like
youve
made
enough
money,
which
isnotveryhelpfulatall.
Letstalkconceptuallyaboutentriesandexitsforamoment. Bothentryandexitrulescanbethoughtof
intermsofhowstricttheyare,i.e.howeasyordifficulttheyaretoachieve. Youmightalsosaythat
strictnessisameasureofhowfrequentlyorinfrequentlytheruleconditionsoccur. Foroscillatorssuch
asConnorsRSI,valuesthatareclosertotheextremes(0and100)aremorestrict(lesslikelytooccur)
thanvaluesthatareinthemiddleoftherange.
Stricterentryruleswillbesatisfiedlessfrequentlythanmoreleniententryrules,andthusastrategy
thatreliesonthestricterruleswillgenerallygeneratefewertradesthanastrategywhoseentryrulesare
moreeasilysatisfied. Witharobuststrategy,therewardforfewertradesisgenerallyahighergainper
trade,onaverage. Wellquantifythisinthenextsectionwhenwelookattestresults. Fornow,allowus
tosimplystatethatifyoubuyaslightlyoversoldstock,itsmostlikelytohaveamoderaterebound. But
ifyouwaitforastockthatsextremelyoversold,thechancesaremuchhigherthatitwillhavea
significantbounceandcreateabiggerprofit.
Thestrictnessofexitruleshaslittleeffectonthenumberoftradesgeneratedbythestrategy. However,
justliketheentryrules,stricterexitrulestypicallyresultinhigheraverageprofits. Why? Because
stricterexitrulestendtokeepyouinyourtradesforalongertime,givingthestockmoretimeto
experiencethemeanreversionbehaviorthatwereattemptingtoexploitwithastrategylikethe
ConnorsRSIPullback
Strategy.
Thus,
for
entries
the
tradeoff
is
between
more
trades
and
higher
gains
pertrade,whileforexitsthetradeoffisbetweenshortertradedurationsandhighergainspertrade.
Forthisstrategy,wevedecidedtokeeptheexitmethodsverysimple. ItturnsoutthatConnorsRSIis
notjustagreatentryindicator;itsalsoaveryreliablemethodformeasuringthedegreetowhichweve
capturedthemeanrevertingpricebounce. Therefore,ourexitmethodssimplywaitfor
ConnorRSI(3,2,100)toreachapredeterminedlevel. Wevefoundthatvaluesinthe50to80rangeare
themosteffectiveexitindicators,andwewillpresenttestresultsforConnorsRSI=50,60,70and80.
Withthesedifferentexitmethodsinmind,wecanrevisitapreviousexampletoseethetrade
duration/profit
tradeoff
in
action.
Heres
the
chart
for
WHX
that
we
dissected
previously:
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ChartcreatedinAmibroker. ReprintedcourtesyofAmiBroker.com.
Figure3:TheEffectofExits
Noticethatonthedayfollowingthetradeentry,theConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valuerosetoaround68. If
ourexitcriteriahadbeenaConnorsRSIvalueof65,thenwewouldhaveexitedthetradeafteroneday,
ataprice
around
that
days
close
of
$9.39.
Ouractualexitoccurredtwodaysafterenteringthetrade. TheConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valueonthisday
was75.48,soifourcriteriahadbeenavalueof70or75,wewouldhaveexitedonthisdaynearthe
closingpriceof$10.37. Wewouldhaveachievedahigherprofit,butourtradedurationwouldhave
beendoublewhatitwaswiththemorelenientexit.
Threedaysaftertheentry,ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)closedat79.16,andthepriceclosedat$10.82. Thus,if
ourexitcriteriahadbeenbetween76and79,wewouldhavestayedinthisparticulartradeforatotalof
threedays,butwouldhaveachievedthemaximumpotentialprofit.
Finally,its
worth
noting
that
ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)
never
went
above
80
before
the
price
started
to
declineagain. Inotherwords,ifwemakeourexitcriteriatoostrict,theresadangerthatwewontexit
thetradebeforetheprofitsstarttoevaporate. OurresearchhasshownthatusingaConnorsRSIvalue
of85orhigherasanexitindicatoristoorestrictivetobeeffective,andwilltypicallycauseyouroverall
resultstosuffer.
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Section5
Test
Results
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Wecanneverknowforsurehowatradingstrategywillperforminthefuture. However,forafully
quantifiedstrategysuchastheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategydescribedinthisGuidebook,wecanat
leastevaluatehowthestrategyhasperformedinthepast. Thisprocessisknownasbacktesting.
Toexecuteabacktest,wefirstselectagroupofsecurities(sometimescalledawatchlist)thatwewant
totest
the
strategy
on.
In
our
case,
the
watchlist
is
comprised
of
stocks
traded
on
U.S.
exchanges.
No
ETFs,options,futuresorotherderivativeproductsareincluded. Nextwechooseatimeframeover
whichtotest. Thelongerthetimeframe,themoresignificantandinformativethebacktestingresults
willbe. ThebacktestsfortheConnorsRSIPullbackStrategystartinJanuary2001andgothrough
February2014,thelatestdateforwhichwehavedataasofthiswriting. Finally,weapplyourentryand
exitrulestoeachstockfortheentiretestperiod,recordingdataforeachtradethatwouldhavebeen
entered,andaggregatingalltradedataacrossaspecificstrategyvariation.
OneofthekeystatisticsthatwecangleanfromthebacktestresultsistheAverage%Profit/Loss,also
knownastheAverageGainperTrade. Sometradersrefertothisastheedge. TheAverage%P/Lis
thesumofallthegains(expressedasapercentage)andallthelosses(alsoasapercentage)dividedby
thetotalnumberoftrades. Considerthefollowingtentrades:
TradeNo. %GainorLoss
1 1.7%
2 2.1%
3 4.0%
4 0.6%
5 1.2%
6 3.8%
7 1.9%
8 0.4%
9 3.7%
10 2.6%
TheAverage%P/Lwouldbecalculatedas:
Average%P/L=(1.7%+2.1% 4.0%+0.6% 1.2%+3.8%+1.9%0.4%+3.7%+2.6%)/10
Average%P/L= 1.08%
Forshorttermtradeslastingthreetotentradingdays,mosttraderslookforanAverage%P/Lof0.5%
to2.5%acrossalltrades. Allotherthingsbeingequal,thelargertheAverage%P/L,themoreyour
accountwill
grow
over
time.
Of
course,
all
other
things
are
never
equal!
In
particular,
its
important
to
considertheNumberofTradesmetricincombinationwithAverage%P/L. Assumingthatyouuse
approximatelythesameamountofcapitalforeachtradethatyouenter,youllmakealotmoremoney
ontentradeswithanaverageprofitof10%pertradethanyouwillononetradethatmakes20%.
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AnotherimportantstatisticistheWinningPercentage. Thisissimplythenumberofprofitabletrades
dividedbythetotalnumberoftrades. Inthetableabove,7ofthe10tradeswereprofitable,i.e.had
positivereturns. Forthisexample,theWinningPercentageis7/10=70%.
WhydowecareaboutWinningPercentage,aslongaswehaveasufficientlyhighAverage%P/L?
Becausehigher
Winning
Percentages
generally
lead
to
less
volatile
portfolio
growth.
Losing
trades
have
awayofclumpingup,andwhentheydothat,thevalueofyourportfoliodecreases. Thisisknownas
drawdown. Thosedecreases,inturn,canmakeyoulosesleeporevenconsiderabandoningyourtrading
altogether. Iftherearefewerlosers,i.e.ahigherWinningPercentage,thenlossesarelesslikelyto
clump,andyourportfoliovalueismorelikelytogrowsmoothlyupwardratherthanexperiencingviolent
upanddownswings.
LetsturnourattentiontothetestresultsforthedifferentvariationsoftheConnorsRSIPullback
strategy. First,welllookatthe20variationsthatproducedthehighestAverage%P/L.
Top20VariationsBasedonAvg%P/L
#
Trades
Avg
%P/L
Avg
Days
Held Win%
Sell
Off%
Closing
Range
Entry
ConnorsRSI
Entry
Limit ExitMethod
479 14.79 7.13 78.29 8 10 5 10 CRSI>80
596 13.71 7.10 77.85 6 10 5 10 CRSI>80
886 13.69 7.55 77.09 8 10 10 10 CRSI>80
480 13.67 3.23 79.58 8 10 5 10 CRSI>70
480 13.45 2.16 80.00 8 10 5 10 CRSI>60
747 13.32 7.42 76.04 8 25 5 10 CRSI>80
663 13.26 7.14 77.68 4 10 5 10 CRSI>80
676
13.20
7.16
77.81
2 10 5 10
CRSI>80
480 13.14 1.84 80.00 8 10 5 10 CRSI>50
750 12.84 3.22 79.47 8 25 5 10 CRSI>70
597 12.82 3.21 78.89 6 10 5 10 CRSI>70
751 12.61 2.15 78.96 8 25 5 10 CRSI>60
665 12.51 3.11 79.25 4 10 5 10 CRSI>70
597 12.47 2.17 79.06 6 10 5 10 CRSI>60
678 12.42 3.13 79.20 2 10 5 10 CRSI>70
1104 12.41 7.51 76.09 6 10 10 10 CRSI>80
1438 12.40 7.88 75.87 8 25 10 10 CRSI>80
751 12.37 1.80 78.96 8 25 5 10 CRSI>50
920
12.33
7.39
75.98
6 25 5 10
CRSI>80
597 12.31 1.83 79.56 6 10 5 10 CRSI>50
Hereisanexplanationofeachcolumn.
#TradesisthenumberoftimesthisvariationtriggeredfromJanuary1,2001February28,2014.
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Average%P/Listheaverageprofitorlossforalltrades,includingthelosingtrades,expressedasa
percentage.Thetop20variationshaveallshownpositivegainsranging fromover12%tonearly15%.
AverageDaysHeldisthenumberofdaysonaveragethetradewasheld. Inallcasesitslessthaneight
days,andinseveralcasesaroundtwodays.
Win%isthepercentageofsignalswhichclosedoutataprofit.Thetop20variationshaveallbeeninthe
75% 80%range,anextremelyhighlevelinaworldwheremostsuccessfultradershopetobecorrect
55%60%ofthetime.
SellOff%correspondstoRule4ofthestrategy. Itistheminimumrequireddropinpriceonthesetup
day,expressedasapercentage.
ClosingRangeisspecifiedbyRule5ofthestrategy. Itisthemaximumalloweddifferencebetweenthe
closingpriceandthelowpriceoftheday,expressedasapercentageofthetotaldailyrange(high
low).
EntryConnorsRSIisthemaximumallowedConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valueonthesetupday. Thisvalue
correspondstoRule6ofthestrategy.NoticethepreponderanceoftheConnorsRSIthresholdof5.This
highlightsthefactthatthemoreoversoldthestockis,thehigheritwilltypicallyrebound.
EntryLimitistheintradaypullbackusedtotriggeranentry.Thismeansthatthebuytriggeroccursthe
nextdayZ%belowtheclosingpriceonthesignalday,asdescribedinRule7ofthestrategy.Thereforeif
todaygeneratesasetup,thesignalisexecutedonlyifthestockpullsbackfurthertomorrow.Inour
testingwelookedat4%10%limits.Asyoucansee,10%dominatesthelistabove,furtherreinforcing
thefactthatthelargertheintradaypullback,thegreatertheedges.
ExitMethod
is
the
method
used
to
determine
when
to
exit
the
trade.
Many
of
the
top
20
variations
as
measuredbyAverage%P/LusedanexitmethodofConnorsRSI(3,2,100)>80,meaningthatweexitthe
tradeonthefirsttradingdaywheretheConnorsRSI(3,2,100)valueisgreaterthan80attheclose. Thisis
whatweexpectbasedonourpreviousdiscussionofhowstricterexitcriteriagenerallyleadtohigher
gainsbutalsolongertradedurations.
Whatweseeaboveare20differentvariationsoftheConnorsRSIPullbackstrategywhichshow
consistentbehaviorovermorethanthirteenyears.Thekeyistochoosethevariationorvariationsthat
bestcomplementyouroveralltradingplanandthenapplytheminasystematic,structuredmanner.
Nowletsnowlookatthe20highestperformingvariationsasmeasuredbypercentagecorrect.
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Top20VariationsBasedonWin%
#
Trades
Avg
%P/L
Avg
Days
Held Win%
Sell
Off%
Closing
Range
Entry
ConnorsRSI
Entry
Limit ExitMethod
480 13.45 2.16 80.00 8 10 5 10 CRSI>60
480 13.14 1.84 80.00 8 10 5 10 CRSI>50
1057 11.66 3.08 79.66 2 25 5 10 CRSI>70
1031 11.75 3.08 79.63 4 25 5 10 CRSI>70
480 13.67 3.23 79.58 8 10 5 10 CRSI>70
597 12.31 1.83 79.56 6 10 5 10 CRSI>50
750 12.84 3.22 79.47 8 25 5 10 CRSI>70
924 12.20 3.15 79.44 6 25 5 10 CRSI>70
678 11.92 1.81 79.35 2 10 5 10 CRSI>50
665 12.51 3.11 79.25 4 10 5 10 CRSI>70
665 11.99 1.81 79.25 4 10 5 10 CRSI>50
925 11.79 1.77 79.24 6 25 5 10 CRSI>50
678 12.42 3.13 79.20 2 10 5 10 CRSI>70
1058 11.27 1.76 79.11 2 25 5 10 CRSI>50
1032 11.37 1.76 79.07 4 25 5 10 CRSI>50
597 12.47 2.17 79.06 6 10 5 10 CRSI>60
751 12.61 2.15 78.96 8 25 5 10 CRSI>60
751 12.37 1.80 78.96 8 25 5 10 CRSI>50
925 11.92 2.13 78.92 6 25 5 10 CRSI>60
597 12.82 3.21 78.89 6 10 5 10 CRSI>70
Whenlookingatthevariationswhichhavebeencorrectthemostoften,weseeabroaderarrayof
strategyparameters.However,theWinRatesareallverycloseto80%forthetimeperiodfrom2001
throughFebruary2014.Suchconsistentresultsfromavarietyofstrategyvariationsoveralongperiod
oftimeconfirmtherobustnatureoftheConnorsRSIPullbackstrategy.
Forsometraders,themostimportantmetricsforevaluatingastrategymayrevolvearoundcapital
management. Forthesetraders,itsacceptabletogiveupaportionofthegainsiftheycangettheir
moneybackmorequicklysothatitcanbedeployedelsewhere. So,letstakealookatthestrategy
variationsthathavetheshortesttradedurationsasmeasuredbyAverageDaysHeld.
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Top20VariationsBasedonAverageDaysHeld
#
Trades
Avg
%P/L
Avg
Days
Held Win%
Sell
Off%
Closing
Range
Entry
ConnorsRSI
Entry
Limit ExitMethod
1032 11.37 1.76 79.07 4 25 5 10 CRSI>50
1058 11.27 1.76 79.11 2 25 5 10 CRSI>50
925 11.79 1.77 79.24 6 25 5 10 CRSI>50
751 12.37 1.80 78.96 8 25 5 10 CRSI>50
1522 8.89 1.80 75.76 2 25 5 8 CRSI>50
665 11.99 1.81 79.25 4 10 5 10 CRSI>50
678 11.92 1.81 79.35 2 10 5 10 CRSI>50
1475 8.98 1.81 75.53 4 25 5 8 CRSI>50
597 12.31 1.83 79.56 6 10 5 10 CRSI>50
1000 9.52 1.83 76.50 2 10 5 8 CRSI>50
1303 9.37 1.83 75.29 6 25 5 8 CRSI>50
2167 6.82 1.83 73.28 4 25 5 6 CRSI>50
2261 6.67 1.83 73.64 2 25 5 6 CRSI>50
480 13.14 1.84 80.00 8 10 5 10 CRSI>50
975 9.63 1.84 76.41 4 10 5 8 CRSI>50
1831 7.44 1.84 72.75 6 25 5 6 CRSI>50
1416 7.27 1.85 74.01 4 10 5 6 CRSI>50
1477 7.07 1.85 74.14 2 10 5 6 CRSI>50
1043 9.94 1.86 75.26 8 25 5 8 CRSI>50
861 9.86 1.87 75.96 6 10 5 8 CRSI>50
Asyoumightexpectfromourearlierdiscussion,thestrategyvariationswiththeshortesttrade
durationsaredominatedbythemostlenientexitthatwetested,whichisanexitwhen
ConnorsRSI(3,2,100)isgreaterthan50. All20ofthesevariationshaveaveragedurationsoflessthan
twodays. Whatyoumightnothaveexpectedistostillseeaveragegainspertradeof6.7% 13%!
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Section6
Trading
Options
Using
theConnorsRSI
PullbackStrategy
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PleasenotethattheoptionssectioninthemajorityoftheConnorsResearchTradingStrategySeriesis
thesamebecausethestrategysetupsofteninvolvelargemovesinbriefperiodsoftime.Inouropinion,
andconfirmedfromfriendswhoareprofessionaloptionstraders(onewithoverthreedecadesof
experience);thereisonebestwaytotrademoveslikethese.
Optionstrading
has
been
amajor
growth
industry
over
the
past
5years
in
the
markets.
This
is
because
spreadshavetightened,liquidityhasincreased,andtheabilitytoeasilytradecomplexoptionshasnever
beensimpler.
Wellnowfocusonapplyingoptionstradingtotheshorttermmarketmoveswehavejustlearned. Like
everythingelseinthisGuidebook,therearedefinitiverulesastohowtoexecuteanoptionstradewhen
astrategysignaltriggers.
Hereiswhatweknowbaseduponthedata:
1. Themajorityofthemovesfromentrytoexithavebeenheldaveryshortperiodoftime(27
tradingdays).
2. Theaveragegainspertradehavebeenlargewellbeyondthenormaldistributionofprices
overthatshortperiodoftime.
3. Ahighpercentageofthemoveshavebeencorrect.
Whenwelookatthistypeofbehavior,itcanleadtomanystrategiesbutonestrategystandsout(and
thishasbeenconfirmedbyprofessionaltraders).Thestrategyistobuyfrontmonth,inthemoneylong
calls.
Whyfrontmonthinthemoneylongcalls? Becausetheywillmovetheclosesttothestockitself.And
thecloseranoptionmoveswiththestock,thegreaterthegainwillbeonapercentagebasiswhenthe
moveiscorrect.
Herearetherules.
1. Asignaltriggers.
2. Buythefrontmonthinthemoneycall.Ifyouweretonormallybuy500sharesofstock,buy5
calls(every100sharesshouldequalonecall).
3. Exittheoptionswhenthesignaltriggersanexitonthestock.
Letsgofurther:
1. Whatdoesinthemoneyexactlymeanhere?
Inthiscaseitsdefinedasoneortwostrikepricesinthemoney. Ifthestockisat48andstrikesare$5
apart,thenbuythe40or45calls.
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2. Whatdoesfrontmonthmean?
Becausetheholdingperiodissoshort,youwanttotradetheoptionswhosemonthlyexpirationisthe
closest. Iftheclosestmonthis7tradingdaysorlessfromthefrontmonthsoptionexpirationdate
(meaningthesecondThursdaybeforeorcloser)usethefollowingmonthastheonetotrade.
3. WhathappensifIminthepositionanditexpiresyetthesignalforthestockisstillvalid?
Inthiscase,rolltothenextmonth.Youretradingthestocksignalssoyouwanttohaveexposuretothat
signal.
4. Whataboutliquidityandspreads?
Theressomediscretionhere.Thereisnohardandfastruleastowhatexactlyliquiditymeansin
options. Forexample,comparetheliquidityofyourstocktoSPY,whichisextremelyliquidcomparedto
abluechipstock.Bothcanbeconsideredliquid,butthebluechipsoptionwillbelessliquidthanSPY.
Assumingthere
is
active
volume
in
the
options,
look
at
the
spreads.
If
the
option
is
trading
3.00
bid
3.30offer,thespreadis10%. Canyoureallyovercomea10%spread? Notlikely.Nowcomparethisto
anoptionthatstradingat3.25bid3.30offer. Thisisfarmoreacceptableandtradable.
5. Whataretheadvantagesofbuyingcalloptionsinsteadofthestock?
Assumingthespreadsandliquidityarethere,theadvantagesarelarge:
1. GreaterpotentialROIoncapitalinvested.
2. Lessmoneytiedup.
3. Lesspointsatrisk.Thismeansifastocksignalsat50,itcanloseupto50points.Theoptions
canonlyloseuptothepremiumyoupaid. So,ifyouboughtthe45calls,theriskisonlythe
premium.
4. Theresgreaterflexibility. Forexample,letssaythestocktriggeredabuysignalat50and
youpaid5.50forthe45calls.Ifthestockimmediatelymoveshigher(letssayto56);you
havechoiceshere.Youcanexit,oryoucanrollintothe50callsgettingmostofyourmoney
outandnowturningthisintoanearlyfreetradeifyoubelievethatpriceswillcontinueto
run.
Thereare
numerous
examples
like
this
and
you
can
find
these
types
of
strategy
opportunities
in
most
optionsbooks.Buttradinganythingexoticordifferentthansimplybuyingthecallsisagainsttheadvice
ofthemanyprofessionalsweposedthisquestionto.
Inconclusion,optionsprovidetraderswithagoodalternativetobuyingthestockoutright.The
structuredmethodologyforourstrategiesis:frontmonth,inthemoney,withequivalentsizing(1
optionper100shares),andexitingwhenthesignalexits.
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Theaboveoptionsstrategy,inmanyexpertsopinion,isthebestandmostefficientstrategybasedupon
thehistoricaldatafromthesesignals.
IfyouwouldliketogofurtherwithOptionswerecommendourOptionsTradingwithConnorsRSI
strategyguidebook.Youcanpurchaseitdirectlyfromourwebsite:
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tradingwithconnorsrsi.html.
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Section7
Additional
Thoughts
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AbouttheAuthorLaurence
A.
Connors,
CEO
and
Founder
Mr.ConnorsservesasChairman,CEO/CoFounderofTheConnorsGroupwhichpublishesand
distributesfinancialmarketinformationandtechnology.
LarryConnorsisalsothePrincipalManagingPartnerofConnorsGlobalAssetManagementLLC
(www.connorsglobal.com).
HeisalsoaManagingPartnerofConnorsResearch,LLC,ahighlyrespectedfinancialmarketsresearch
firm.
Mr.Connorsistheauthorofanumberoftopsellingbooksonmarketstrategiesandvolatilitytrading,
includingHowMarketsReallyWork,2ndEd.(BloombergPress)andStreetSmarts(M.Gordon
Publishing),whichwasselectedbyTechnicalAnalysisofStocksandCommoditiesasoneofThe
Classicsfortradingbooksofthe20thcentury.
http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/http://www.connorsglobal.com/8/11/2019 Connors Rs i
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LearntheLatestAdvancestoConnorsRSItoImproveYourETFTradingAccuracy
NEWfromConnorsResearch:
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ThisstrategyseekstoidentifyhistoricallyhighprobabilityETFtradingsetupsandonlysignalsabuy
whenthereisbothahighprobabilityofsuccessandthepotentialforahigherthanaveragegain...with
manyvariationsdeliveringanaveragegainofmorethan4%perday.
ThisguidebookwillteachyouexactlyhowtoapplyourlatestresearchadvanceforConnorsRSItoETFs.
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Here'sHowYouCanSwingTradeS&P500StocksforShortTermGains
Introducing: S&P500TradingwithConnorsRSI
ThisguidebookwillteachyouthehowtoswingtradeS&P500stocksto
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WithS&P500TradingwithConnorsRSI,youwillreceiveover40variationswithspecificEntry/ExitRules
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Mostholdsareforlessthan5days
Ifyourelyondata,notopinion,tomakeyourtradingdecisions,andyouwanttheabilitytochoosethe
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ConnorsRSICanChangeYourEntireApproachtoOptions
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