Conservation Management Zones of Australiaenvironment.gov.au/system/files/resources/0e25a516-df10-45b4-8122...Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate

Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaEastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

AcknowledgementsThis project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image CreditsFront Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane RumingPage 4: George Boyd Lookout, Morton National Park – J Yurasek/OEHPage 10: Bouddi National Park – J Yurasek/OEHPage 15: Eastern Bristle Bird (Dasyornis brachypterus), Booderee National Park – Copyright Craig Pattison/OEHPage 17: Fleay’s Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) – FroggydarbPage 19: Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – Tourism AustraliaPage 22: Tiger Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus macultatus), Featherdale – Joshua CunninghamPage 24: Urumbilum River, Bindarri National Park – Copyright Shane RumingPage 25: Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) – Piers Thomas/OEHPage 31: Dorrigo National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEHPage 33: Sydney Harbour National Park – D Finnegan/OEHPage 44: Diamond Python (Morelia spilota) – D Finnegan/OEHPage 45: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass (alluvial woodland), Western Sydney – Mike Cufer/OEHPage 46: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey (grey gum-ironbark) – John BakerPage 47: Eucalypt open forests with a shrubby understorey (Robertson basalt forest) – H Achurch/OEHPage 48: Eucalyptus open forest (wet sclerophyll) – Michael Jarman/OEHPage 49: Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest, Ulidarra National Park – R Cleary Seen Australia/OEHPage 50: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Munmorah State Conservation Area – Murray FaggBack Cover: Wilson River, Willi Willi National Park – Copyright Shane Ruming

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2

Introduction ��2

Zone at a glance ��3

Population characteristics ��6

Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13

Zone vegetation characteristics�� 16

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands�� 18

World and National Heritage �� 20

Major National Reserve System properties �� 21

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 23

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 25

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 32

Threatened endemic species �� 34

Invasive species �� 40

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ��44

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Temperate and Subtropical Forests

The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country�

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country


Zone at a glance

Area of zone: 15,959,455 hectares

% of Australia:

2.07%34.82 people per square kilometre

Population density:

Zone population characteristics

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

Tota

l

Engl

ish a

s a

seco

nd

lang

uage

Indi

geno

us

Ove

r 65

Yout

h (1

5–24

)

Num

ber o

f peo

ple

5,273,893

Zone employment characteristics

95.4%

4.6%

UnemployedEmployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data


Major cities and towns Population

Brisbane 2,189,878Central Coast 297,735 Gold Coast – Tweed Heads (NSW & QLD) 590,889

Newcastle-Maitland 418,958 Sydney 4,667,283Wollongong 282,099

Regional centres PopulationArmidale 19,380 Ballina 15,957 Bowral-Mittagong 36,402Cessnock 20,012 Coffs Harbour 45,603 Forster-Tuncurry 18,911 Grafton 16,585 Lismore 27,481 Morisset-Cooranbong 16,921 Nowra – Bomaderry 27,995 Port Macquarie 41,519 Raymond Terrace 13,216 Singleton 13,978

Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions

South East Local land Services NSWGreater Sydney Local Land Services NSWCentral Tablelands Local Land Services NSWHunter Local Land Services NSWNorthern Tablelands Local Land Services NSWNorth Coast Local Land Services NSWSouth East Queensland Catchment QLDQueensland Murray Darling Committee Inc QLDBurnett Mary Regional Group for NRM QLD

Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)

Beef $738

Vegetables for consumption $524

Poultry $419

Dairy $353

Nurseries and cut flowers $322Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)

$3,049

Climate characteristics*

Mean annual temperature 16 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 27.7 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 3.1 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 1017.1 mm

Dominant rainfall season Summer

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


Native Title area

98.8%

Other areaNative Title area

1.2%

National Reserve System area

19%

81%

Other areaNRS area

Native vegetation clearance level

55%

45%

Uncleared (ha)Cleared (ha)

Number of threatened species by class

320

33

1511 12 5

Plants Birds

Fish

Reptiles

Sharks

Mammals Frogs

Other

121

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

0 40 80 120 160 200

240

155

82

2

Threatened ecologicalcommunities

Conservation dependent

Migratory species

Critically endangered species

Endangered species

Vulnerable species

23

22

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).


Population

Population by age group

19%

13%

32%

21%

65 years and over40–64 years

15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

15%

Indigenous population by age group

38%

20%

3%

21%

18%


15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

Farmer and farm managers by age group

12%

2%

28%

58%


25–39 years15–24 years

Gender of farmers and farm managers

13,654

6,028

FemaleMale


Population characteristics


Languages spoken at home

English 81.73%

Other languages 13.14%

Not stated 5.00%

Non-English languages spoken at home*

Northern European (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch)Southern European

Eastern European

Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic

Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran

South-East Asian

East Asian

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

American (Indigenous)

African

Paci�c / Oceanic

Invented language

7.01%

11.37%

7.69%

25.45%

0.31%

3.19%0.16% 0.004%

Sign language

* Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

22.08%

11.94%

9.42%

0.01%1.38%

Indigenous languages spoken at home**

80.8%

1.9%

Arnhem Land, Daly River and Yolngu Matha Languages

Torres Strait Island and Cape York Languages

Western Desert, Northern Desert Fringeand Kimberley LanguagesOther (non-speci�ed) Australian Indigenous Languages

** Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.

14.4%

2.9%



Education

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Highest level of educational attainment – total population

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

Highest level of educational attainment – Indigenous community

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Highest level of educational attainment – farmers and farm managers

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Post-school quali�cation types*

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Natural and Physical Sciences

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Health and education

Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts

Information Technology, Management and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali�cations of mixed �eld, quali�cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali�cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali�cation).



Employment

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labour force or not stated

* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Employment by industry

Agriculture, forestry and sheries

Mining

Manufacturing

Utilities, construction and transport

Health, Social Assistance, Education and training

Public administration and safety

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Food, accommodation, arts and recreation

Unknown/not stated

8%

21%

6%14%

24%

9%

14%

1%1%

2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed


* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of Indigenous population*

Indi

geno

us65

yea

rsan

d ab

ove

Indi

geno

us15

–24

year

s old

Indi

geno

us40

–64

year

s old

Indi

geno

us25

–39

year

s old

Employed

Unemployed



Employment, volunteering and incomes


Volunteering

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Volunteering rates

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Not a volunteer

Volunteer

Not stated or not applicable

Income

Total household income (% of households)*

20.7%

50.3%

11.4%

4.2%

13.5%

Over $104,000

Under $20,800

Not Stated/Partially Stated

$20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999

* Please note these �gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430

In the 2011–12 �nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax O�set. Human Services applied the following de�nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 �nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.



Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

Oth

er b

road

acre

cro

ps

Nut

s

Frui

t

Oils

eeds

Legu

me

for g

rain

Hay

Cere

als f

or g

rain

Eggs

Woo

l

Beef

Lam

b

Pork

Dai

ry

Vege

tabl

es fo

r see

d

Vege

tabl

es fo

r con

sum

ptio

n

Nur

serie

s and

cut

�ow

ers

Mill

ions

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument


Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, �shing, forestry and downstream industries

28,590

53,045

Forestry industry (includingproduction, logging, sawmilling

and downstream wood andpaper product manufacturing)

Fishing industry employment,including production and

downstream seafood processingand wholesaling

Agriculture industry employment(downstream – including services,

food and beverage)

Agriculture industry employment (production)

13,668

1,883


Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Feral animal control*(% of agricultural holdings)

No

man

agem

ent

of fe

ral a

nim

als

Oth

er (u

nspe

ci�e

d)fe

ral a

nim

al c

ontr

ol

Fera

l goa

ts

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

Native vegetation protection and regeneration*(% of agricultural holdings)

Oth

er

Stop

ping

mec

hani

cal

or c

hem

ical

des

truc

tion

Redu

cing

gra

zing

pre

ssur

e

Man

agin

g w

eeds

Fenc

ing

o�/e

xclu

ding

stoc

k

Sought advice when adopting native vegetation management**

83.83%

16.17%

NoYes

Sources of advice**^

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Priv

ate

cons

ulta

nt o

rag

ribus

ines

s age

nt

CMA/

NRM

regi

onem

ploy

ed fa

cilit

ator

Rese

arch

and

Dev

elop

men

t Cor

pora

tion

Gov

ernm

ent

exte

nsio

n o�

cer

Peer

s or n

eigh

bour

s

Farm

er g

roup

Land

care

or f

arm

erpr

oduc

tion

grou

p

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0


Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure

Crown Land – Private – Leased

Crown Land – Public

Crown Land – Public – Leased

Freehold (not speci�ed if public or private)

0.13%58.80%

40.40%

0.67%

Land use

Conservation and Natural Environments

Grazing Modi�ed Pastures

Grazing Native Vegetation

Production Forestry (native vegetation)

Industry, Residential, Services and Mining

Cropping and Horticulture

Water (natural)

Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations

Plantation Forestry

Intensive Horticulture and Husbandry

Water (Intensive use /farm dams)

Other

16%

1%0.002%0.5%

0.7%1%

2%2%

34%

30%

6%

8%

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils

New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au

Sydney Metropolitan Aboriginal Land Council: www.metrolalc.org.au

Native Title and Traditional Owners

Registered Native Title Body Corporate Traditional Owners Hectares % of zoneGithabul Nation Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC The Githabul People 111,853 0.73

Jinibara People Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC Jinibara People 65,299 0.42

Dunghutti Elders Council (Aboriginal Corporation) RNTBC Dunghutti People 12 0.0001

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

www.alc.org.au

www.metrolalc.org.au

http://www.nntt.gov.au/


Local Government Areas

Armidale Dumaresq Council NSW

Auburn City Council NSW

Ballina Shire Council NSW

Bankstown City Council NSW

Bellingen Shire Council NSW

Blue Mountains City Council NSW

Byron Shire Council NSW

Campbelltown City Council NSW

Canterbury City Council NSW

Cessnock City Council NSW

City Of Canada Bay Council NSW

Clarence Valley Council NSW

Coffs Harbour City Council NSW

Council Of The City Of Sydney NSW

Dungog Shire Council NSW

Eurobodalla Shire Council NSW

Glen Innes Severn Shire Council NSW

Gloucester Shire Council NSW

Gosford City Council NSW

Great Lakes Council NSW

Greater Taree City Council NSW

Guyra Shire Council NSW

Gwydir Shire Council NSW

Hawkesbury City Council NSW

Hurstville City Council NSW

Inverell Shire Council NSW

Kempsey Shire Council NSW

Kogarah City Council NSW

Ku-Ring-Gai Council NSW

Kyogle Council NSW

Lake Macquarie City Council NSW

Lane Cove Municipal Council NSW

Leichhardt Municipal Council NSW

Lismore City Council NSW

Lithgow City Council NSW

Liverpool Plains Shire Council NSW

Maitland City Council NSW

Manly Council NSW

Marrickville Council NSW

Mid-Western Regional Council NSW


Mosman Municipal Council NSW

Muswellbrook Shire Council NSW

Nambucca Shire Council NSW

Newcastle City Council NSW

North Sydney Council NSW

Palerang Council NSW

Parramatta City Council NSW

Penrith City Council NSW

Pittwater Council NSW

Port Macquarie-Hastings Council NSW

Port Stephens Council NSW

Randwick City Council NSW

Richmond Valley Council NSW

Rockdale City Council NSW

Ryde City Council NSW

Shellharbour City Council NSW

Shoalhaven City Council NSW

Singleton Shire Council NSW

Sutherland Shire Council NSW

Tamworth Regional Council NSW

Tenterfield Shire Council NSW

The Council Of The City Of Botany Bay NSWThe Council Of The Municipality Of Ashfield NSW

The Council Of The Municipality Of Hunters Hill NSW

The Council Of The Municipality Of Kiama NSW

The Council Of The Shire Of Hornsby NSW

The Hills Shire Council NSW

Tweed Shire Council NSW

Unincorporated NSW

Upper Hunter Shire Council NSW

Uralla Shire Council NSW

Walcha Council NSW

Warringah Council NSW

Waverley Council NSW

Willoughby City Council NSW

Wingecarribee Shire Council NSW

Wollondilly Shire Council NSW

Wollongong City Council NSW



Woollahra Municipal Council NSW

Wyong Shire Council NSW

Brisbane City QLD

Cherbourg Aboriginal Shire QLD

Fraser Coast Regional QLD

Gladstone Regional QLD

Gold Coast City QLD

Goondiwindi Regional QLD

Gympie Regional QLD

Ipswich City QLD

Lockyer Valley Regional QLD

Logan City QLD


Moreton Bay Regional QLD

Noosa Shire QLD

North Burnett Regional QLD

Redland City QLD

Scenic Rim Regional QLD

Somerset Regional QLD

South Burnett Regional QLD

Southern Downs Regional QLD

Sunshine Coast Regional QLD

Toowoomba Regional QLD

Western Downs Regional QLD


Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone

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The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system


Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Beecroft Peninsula NSW 4,742.32 1, 3, 6

Brisbane Water Estuary NSW 2,429.42 2, 3, 4

Bundjalung National Park NSW 2,889.73 1, 3, 5, 6

Clarence River Estuary NSW 5,613.90 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Clybucca Creek Estuary NSW 2,322.59 1, 3, 6

Conondale Range Aggregation QLD 1,985.49 1, 3, 5

Coomonderry Swamp NSW 457.44 1, 3, 4

Crowdy Bay National Park NSW 3,894.85 1, 3, 5, 6

Cudgen Nature Reserve NSW 610.81 1, 2, 3, 5

Dalrymple and Blackfellow Creeks QLD 873.96 1, 3, 5

Jervis Bay NSW 591.48 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

Karawatha Forest Park QLD 271.02 1, 3, 5

Kooragang Nature Reserve NSW 3,241.55 1, 3, 6, 4, 5

Lake Coombabah QLD 138.07 2, 3, 5

Lake Hiawatha and Minnie Water NSW 336.96 1, 3, 5

Lake Illawarra NSW 3,442.02 1, 3, 5

Lake Macquarie NSW 498.15 1, 2, 5, 6

Limeburners Creek Nature Reserve NSW 13,030.61 1, 2, 5, 6

Lower Bungawalbin Catchment Wetland Complex NSW 367.55 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Moreton Bay QLD 28.84 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Myall Lakes NSW 11,656.35 1, 2, 5

New England Wetlands NSW 124.34 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Obi Obi Creek QLD 356.53 1, 2, 3, 5

Port Stephens Estuary NSW 2,747.31 1, 3, 5

Salt Ash Air Weapons Range NSW 858.74 1, 2, 3, 5

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction HectaresMyall Lakes – Corrie Island Nature Reserve NSW 44,972.48

Hunter Estuary Wetlands – Kooragang Nature Reserve NSW 3,391.99

Towra Point Nature Reserve NSW 334.23Little Llangothlin Nature Reserve

NSW 254.32

Moreton Bay QLD 159.63

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands


Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Shoalhaven/Crookhaven Estuary NSW 2,242.08 1, 3, 4, 5

The Broadwater NSW 1,924.02 1, 3, 5

Towra Point Estuarine Wetlands NSW 819.88 1, 3, 6, 4, 5

Tuckean Swamp NSW 1,426.01 1, 2, 5, 6

Upper Coomera River QLD 1,347.86 1, 3, 5

Wallis Lake and adjacent estuarine islands NSW 8,557.31 1, 3, 5

Wollumboola Lake NSW 534.45 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Wooloweyah Lagoon NSW 2,425.91 1, 3, 5

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when

adverse conditions such as drought prevail.4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition


Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

World and National Heritage

Heritage values World or National Heritage type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

The Greater Blue Mountains Area World and National Natural NSW 766,208.19 4.80

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World and National Natural NSW 368,555.00 2.31

Royal National Park and Garawarra State Conservation Area

National Natural NSW 16,211.96 0.10

Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Lion, Long and Spectacle Island Nature Reserves

National Natural NSW 15,233.65 0.10

Australian Convict Sites (Old Government House and Domain Buffer Zone)

World Historic NSW 532.30 0.00

Kurnell Peninsula Headland National Historic NSW 378.01 0.00

North Head – Sydney National Historic NSW 239.76 0.00

Old Great North Road National Historic NSW 194.82 0.00Sydney Opera House – Buffer Zone World and National Historic NSW 178.70 0.00

Old Government House and the Government Domain

National Historic NSW 49.52 0.00

Cockatoo Island National Historic NSW 20.01 0.00

Bondi Beach National Historic NSW 17.91 0.00

Great Barrier Reef World and National Natural QLD 13.20 0.00

Sydney Harbour Bridge National Historic NSW 12.83 0.00

Sydney Opera House National Historic NSW 3.58 0.00

Hyde Park Barracks National Historic NSW 0.51 0.00First Government House Site National Historic NSW 0.23 0.00

Cyprus Hellene Club – Australian Hall National Indigenous NSW 0.09 0.00

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage


Major National Reserve System properties


Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Wollemi National Park IB NSW 387,545 2.43%

Blue Mountains National Park II NSW 188,644 1.18%

Yengo National Park IB NSW 167,551 1.05%

Morton National Park II NSW 155,778 0.98%

Oxley Wild Rivers National Park IB NSW 148,258 0.93%

Guy Fawkes River National Park IB NSW 108,204 0.68%

Barrington Tops National Park IB NSW 76,892 0.48%

New England National Park IB NSW 71,176 0.45%

Washpool National Park IB NSW 68,878 0.43%

Myall Lakes National Park II NSW 47,830 0.30%

Nattai National Park IB NSW 46,160 0.29%

Nymboida National Park IB NSW 40,669 0.25%

D’Aguilar National Park II QLD 36,561 0.23%

Yuraygir National Park II NSW 36,187 0.23%

Parr State Conservation Area II NSW 35,726 0.22%

Werrikimbe National Park IB NSW 35,054 0.22%

Conondale National Park II QLD 34,203 0.21%

Border Ranges National Park IB NSW 31,889 0.20%

Cottan-Bimbang National Park II NSW 30,573 0.19%

Torrington State Conservation Area II NSW 30,362 0.19%

Willi Willi National Park IB NSW 30,075 0.19%

Main Range National Park II QLD 30,009 0.19%

Gibraltar Range National Park IB NSW 25,400 0.16%

Upper Nepean State Conservation Area IA NSW 25,112 0.16%

Bundjalung National Park IB NSW 21,178 0.13%

Lamington National Park II QLD 20,629 0.13%

Grongah National Park II QLD 19,692 0.12%

Chaelundi National Park II NSW 19,125 0.12%

Burragorang State Conservation Area II NSW 17,716 0.11%

Mount Barney National Park II QLD 17,550 0.11%

Nowendoc National Park II NSW 17,344 0.11%

Nymboi-Binderay National Park II NSW 17,213 0.11%

Bunya Mountains National Park II QLD 16,306 0.10%



Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Cunnawarra National Park II NSW 16,243 0.10%

Richmond Range National Park II NSW 15,721 0.10%

Curracabundi National Park II NSW 15,382 0.10%

Dharug National Park II NSW 15,324 0.10%

Royal National Park II NSW 15,286 0.10%

Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park II NSW 15,101 0.09%

Kumbatine National Park II NSW 15,018 0.09%

The IUCN categories are as follows:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system


EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesThreatened ecological communities

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion Endangered 100 0.03

Western Sydney Dry Rainforest and Moist Woodland on Shale Critically Endangered 100 0.012

Shale/Sandstone Transition Forest Endangered 100 0.123 Cumberland Plain Shale Woodlands and Shale-Gravel Transition Forest Critically Endangered 100 0.08

Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone Endangered 100 0.01

Swamp Tea-tree (Melaleuca irbyana) Forest of South-east Queensland Critically Endangered 100 0.01

Turpentine-Ironbark Forest in the Sydney Basin Bioregion Critically Endangered 100 0.02

Weeping Myall – Coobah – Scrub Wilga Shrubland of the Hunter Valley Critically Endangered 100 0.002

Blue Gum High Forest of the Sydney Basin Bioregion Critically Endangered 100 0.001

Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub of the Sydney Region Endangered 99.3 0.001

New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Grassy Woodlands Critically Endangered 96.0 0.1

Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Critically Endangered 75.5 0.5 Upland Wetlands of the New England Tablelands and the Monaro Plateau Endangered 45.6 0.01

White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland

Critically Endangered 16.5 2.4

Upland Basalt Eucalypt Forests of the Sydney Basin Bioregion Endangered 11.8 0.1

Natural grasslands on basalt and fine-textured alluvial plains of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland


Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable 4.6 0.061 Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia Critically Endangered 3.6 0.01

Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) Endangered 0.3 0.01

Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions Endangered 0.2 0.003

Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia

Endangered May be present May be present

Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered May be present May be present

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.


It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities


It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals

Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Hastings River Mouse, Koontoo Pseudomys oralis Endangered 96.61 17.46New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable 79.32 47.28Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable 72.00 18.58Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern mainland population)

Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (SE mainland population) Endangered 64.94 71.23

Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 56.70 61.32Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable 54.51 90.75Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable 51.89 13.42Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT)

Vulnerable 32.47 85.01

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 9.46 2.27South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable 6.95 14.01Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo Xeromys myoides Vulnerable 0.42 0.08Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus Endangered 0.32 1.23

Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered May be present

May be present

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/aSouthern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities


Threatened birds


% of zone**

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Endangered 84.73 1.27

Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 81.45 24.57

Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera Endangered 63.27 0.00

Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster Vulnerable 52.74 17.57

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 37.22 55.72

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 28.19 31.70

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 11.06 25.69

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 7.11 45.81

Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable 6.86 11.73

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 1.81 0.65

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 1.54 1.89

Star Finch (eastern), Star Finch (southern) Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 0.15 0.35

Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered 0.08 0.59

Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable 0.05 0.77

Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable 0.03 0.41

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.03 0.59

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.03 0.67

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable 0.02 0.41

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.02 0.80

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.02 0.15

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable 0.02 0.67

Black-throated Finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta Endangered 0.01 0.003

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable 0.01 0.41

Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica Critically Endangered

May be present

May be present

Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster Critically Endangered

May be present

May be present

Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable n/a n/a

Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Kermadec Petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable n/a n/a

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.


Threatened reptiles

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Bell’s Turtle, Western Sawshelled Turtle, Namoi River Turtle, Bell’s Saw-shelled Turtle

Wollumbinia belli Vulnerable 99.23 0.23

Blue Mountains Water Skink Eulamprus leuraensis Endangered 98.09 0.68

Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Vulnerable 72.63 0.68Border Thick-tailed Gecko, Granite Belt Thick-tailed Gecko Uvidicolus sphyrurus Vulnerable 41.24 14.00

Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable 37.9 11.99

Dunmall’s Snake Furina dunmalli Vulnerable 24.65 2.37

Nangur Spiny Skink Nangura spinosa Critically Endangered 24.03 1.41

Five-clawed Worm-skink, Long-legged Worm-skink Anomalopus mackayi Vulnerable 4.29 0.01

Mary River Turtle, Mary River Tortoise Elusor macrurus Endangered 2.89 0.01Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.92 0.01

Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 0.64 0.21

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Vulnerable 0.03 0.32

Grassland Earless Dragon Tympanocryptis pinguicolla Endangered 0.03 0.66

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.02 0.00

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.02 0.67

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.02 0.65

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable 0.02 0.61

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Endangered 0.00 0.55

Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable May be present

May be present


Other threatened fauna


% of zone**

Peppered Tree Frog Litoria piperata Vulnerable 100.00 2.80Clarence River Cod, Eastern Freshwater Cod Maccullochella ikei Endangered 100.00 0.04

Pink Underwing Moth Phyllodes imperialis smithersi Endangered 100.00 0.00

Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Critically Endangered 97.06 0.20

Fleay’s Frog Mixophyes fleayi Endangered 92.15 1.43

Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Endangered 86.65 0.56Stuttering Frog, Southern Barred Frog (in Victoria) Mixophyes balbus Vulnerable 86.34 26.27

Mary River Cod Maccullochella mariensis Endangered 82.66 0.16

Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Vulnerable 56.40 0.11Yellow-spotted Tree Frog, Yellow-spotted Bell Frog Litoria castanea Endangered 43.35 5.91

Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus Vulnerable 32.79 12.63

Oxleyan Pygmy Perch Nannoperca oxleyana Endangered 32.67 0.09

Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Vulnerable 27.33 0.20

Wallum Sedge Frog Litoria olongburensis Vulnerable 17.07 0.37Bathurst Copper Butterfly, Purple Copper Butterfly, Bathurst Copper, Bathurst Copper Wing, Bathurst-Lithgow Copper, Purple Copper

Paralucia spinifera Vulnerable 15.46 0.11

Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod Epinephelus daemelii Vulnerable 8.84 0.50

Silver Perch, Bidyan Bidyanus bidyanus Critically Endangered 6.40 0.29

Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis Endangered 3.77 0.35

Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis Endangered 3.76 0.01

Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 1.16 0.08

Honey Blue-eye Pseudomugil mellis Vulnerable 0.99 0.00

Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog Litoria raniformis Vulnerable May be

presentMay be present

Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered May be present

May be present

Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) Carcharias taurus (east coast population)

Critically Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent n/a n/a

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/aGreen Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Pristis zijsron Vulnerable n/a n/a

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Milky Silkpod Parsonsia dorrigoensis Endangered 100 3.59

Granite Boronia Boronia granitica Endangered 100 3.23

Spiked Rice-flower Pimelea spicata Endangered 100 1.20

Southern Ochrosia Ochrosia moorei Endangered 100 1.06

Hairy Melichrus Melichrus sp. Newfoundland State Forest (P.Gilmour 7852) Endangered 100 0.80

Rupp’s Wattle Acacia ruppii Endangered 100 0.75

Hal Haloragodendron lucasii Endangered 100 0.66

Hairy Persoonia Persoonia hirsuta Endangered 100 0.55

Dorrigo Daisy-bush Olearia flocktoniae Endangered 100 0.43

Davidson’s Plum Davidsonia jerseyana Endangered 100 0.37

Nightcap Plectranthus, Silver Plectranthus Plectranthus nitidus Endangered 100 0.33

Beadle’s Grevillea Grevillea beadleana Endangered 100 0.30

Nowra Heath-myrtle Triplarina nowraensis Endangered 100 0.27

Isoglossa Isoglossa eranthemoides Endangered 100 0.23

Nodding Geebung Persoonia nutans Endangered 100 0.19

Hill Zieria, Hilly Zieria, Illawarra Zieria Zieria granulata Endangered 100 0.15

Hairy Quandong Elaeocarpus williamsianus Endangered 100 0.13

Wingecarribee Leek-orchid, Dark Leek-orchid Prasophyllum uroglossum Endangered 100 0.09

Delicate Cress, Illawarra Irene Irenepharsus trypherus Endangered 100 0.09

Peach Myrtle Uromyrtus australis Endangered 100 0.09

Repand Boronia, Border Boronia Boronia repanda Endangered 100 0.08

Minyon Quandong Elaeocarpus sedentarius Endangered 100 0.08Jervis Bay Leek Orchid, Culburra Leek-orchid, Kinghorn Point Leek-orchid Prasophyllum affine Endangered 100 0.07

Black-clubbed Spider-orchid Caladenia atroclavia Endangered 100 0.07Tranquillity Mintbush, Tranquility Mintbush Prostanthera askania Endangered 100 0.07

Torrington Beard-heath Leucopogon confertus Endangered 100 0.07

Kangaloon Sun Orchid Thelymitra kangaloonica Critically Endangered 100 0.06

Eastern Underground Orchid Rhizanthella slateri Endangered 100 0.06

Wyong Sun Orchid Thelymitra adorata Critically Endangered 100 0.06

Caley’s Grevillea Grevillea caleyi Endangered 100 0.05

Narrow-leaf Melichrus Melichrus sp. Gibberagee (Benwell 97239) Endangered 100 0.05

Mountain Angelica, Broad-leafed Carrot Gingidia montana Endangered 100 0.04Purple-leaf Muttonwood, Lismore Muttonwood Myrsine richmondensis Endangered 100 0.04


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Seaforth Mintbush Prostanthera marifolia Critically Endangered 100 0.03

Wingecarribee Gentian Gentiana wingecarribiensis Endangered 100 0.03

Nightcap Oak Eidothea hardeniana Critically Endangered 100 0.02

Bomaderry Zieria, Bomaderry Creek Zieria Zieria baeuerlenii Endangered 100 0.02

Coastal Fontainea Fontainea oraria Endangered 100 0.01

Banyabba Shiny-barked Gum Eucalyptus pachycalyx subsp. banyabba Endangered 100 0.01

Carrington Falls Grevillea Grevillea rivularis Endangered 100 0.01

Elusive Bush-pea Pultenaea elusa Endangered 100 0.01

North Rothbury Persoonia Persoonia pauciflora Critically Endangered 100 0.00

Halbury Rustyhood Pterostylis vernalis Critically Endangered 100 0.00

Cooneana Olive Notelaea ipsviciensis Critically Endangered 100 0.00

Wyong Midge Orchid 2 Corunastylis sp. Charmhaven (NSW 896673)

Critically Endangered 100 0.00

Ormeau Bottle Tree Brachychiton sp. Ormeau (L.H.Bird AQ435851)

Critically Endangered 100 0.00

Small Snake Orchid, Two-leaved Golden Moths, Golden Moths, Cowslip Orchid, Snake Orchid

Diuris pedunculata Endangered 99.99 9.41

Somersby Mintbush Prostanthera junonis Endangered 99.99 0.19

Sydney Plains Greenhood Pterostylis saxicola Endangered 99.97 0.56

Floyd’s Walnut Endiandra floydii Endangered 99.96 0.42Smooth Davidsonia, Smooth Davidson’s Plum, Small-leaved Davidson’s Plum Davidsonia johnsonii Endangered 99.83 0.51

Wyong Midge Orchid 1, Variable Midge Orchid 1 Corunastylis insignis Critically

Endangered 99.71 0.11

Tuncurry Midge Orchid Corunastylis littoralis Critically Endangered 99.57 0.07

Angle-stemmed Myrtle Gossia gonoclada Endangered 99.54 0.09

Illawarra Socketwood Daphnandra johnsonii Endangered 99.43 0.20

Yellow Gnat-orchid Genoplesium baueri Endangered 98.76 2.53Red-fruited Ebony, Silky Persimmon, Ebony Diospyros mabacea Endangered 98.68 0.21

Sunshine Wattle Acacia terminalis subsp. terminalis MS Endangered 98.62 0.10

Illawarra Greenhood, Rufa Greenhood, Pouched Greenhood Pterostylis gibbosa Endangered 98.35 0.40

Sweet Myrtle, Small-leaved Myrtle Gossia fragrantissima Endangered 98.14 0.77


Threatened flora


% of zone**

Small-leaved Tamarind Diploglottis campbellii Endangered 98.09 1.27

Dwarf Heath Casuarina Allocasuarina defungens Endangered 97.58 1.35

Dwarf Mountain Pine Pherosphaera fitzgeraldii Endangered 97.55 0.06

Spiny Gardenia Randia moorei Endangered 97.52 0.75Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood, Botany Bay Bearded Orchid

Pterostylis sp. Botany Bay (A.Bishop J221/1-13) Endangered 97 0.00

Native Jute Corchorus cunninghamii Endangered 96.08 1.66

White-flowered Wax Plant Cynanchum elegans Endangered 95.6 15.26

Coveny’s Zieria Zieria covenyi Endangered 94.84 0.03Shiny-leaved Condoo, Black Plum, Wild Apple Planchonella eerwah Endangered 94.19 0.24

Plumed Midge-orchid Genoplesium plumosum Endangered 92.24 0.01

Mt Berryman Phebalium Phebalium distans Critically Endangered 88.73 1.74

Proston Lasiopetalum Lasiopetalum sp. Proston (J.A.Baker 17)


Wandering Pepper-cress Lepidium peregrinum Endangered 84.38 1.79

Nielsen Park She-oak Allocasuarina portuensis Endangered 82.37 0.00

Wollemi Pine Wollemia nobilis Endangered 77.32 2.45

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

* Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. There are a total of 324 threatened flora within the zone. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone and are also listed as either critically endangered or endangered. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species


Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisBlack-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsisBlack-naped Tern Sterna sumatranaBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaBridled Tern Sterna anaethetusBroad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusBuller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleriCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaCattle Egret Ardea ibisChatham Albatross Thalassarche eremitaCommon Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaDouble-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisFlesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusGibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni

Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera

Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Little Tern Sterna albifronsMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliNorthern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameOriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarumPacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRoseate Tern Sterna dougalliiRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresRufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsSalvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salviniSanderling Calidris albaSatin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataShort-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostrisShy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseusSouthern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusSouthern Royal Albatross

Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatusStreaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelasStreaked Shearwater Puffinus leucomelasTerek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)

Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species


Other migratory species

Common name Scientific name

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Dugong Dugong dugon

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis

Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata

Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species


Threatened endemic species

Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN statusCrabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Cherax leckii Not recorded

in reserves n/a Critically Endangered

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus clarkae Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus dalagarbe Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus dharawalus Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus gamilaroi Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus girurmulayn Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus gumar Not recorded

in reserves n/a Endangered

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus guruhgi Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus guwinus Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus hirsutus Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus hystricosus Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus jagabar Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus maidae Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus mirangudjin Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus polysetosus Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus setosus Not recorded

in reservesn/a Critically Endangered

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus simplex Not recorded

in reservesn/a Vulnerable

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus spinichelatus Not recorded


Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus sulcatus Recorded in Reserves n/a Vulnerable

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus suttoni Not recorded

in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus urospinosus Not recorded

in reservesn/a Endangered

Dragonflies Austrocordulia leonardi Not recorded in reserves n/a Critically Endangered




Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Fish Maccullochella ikei Recorded in Reserves Endangered Endangered

Frogs Litoria daviesae Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Frogs Litoria piperata Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable Critically Endangered

Frogs Philoria loveridgei Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered

Frogs Philoria pughi Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Frogs Philoria sphagnicolus Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered

Molluscs Austropyrgus nepeanensis Not recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Fluvidona anodonta Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Fluvidona petterdi Not recorded in reserves n/a Critically Endangered

Molluscs Austrochloritis ascensa Recorded in Reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Meridolum marshalli Not recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Posorites turneri Not recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Helicarion leopardina Recorded in Reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Georissa laseroni Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Plants Corunastylis littoralis Not recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Corunastylis plumosa Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Corybas montanus Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Diuris flavescens Recorded in Reserves Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Diuris praecox Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Pterostylis bicornis Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Pterostylis pulchella Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Pterostylis saxicola Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Rhizanthella slateri Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Sarcochilus weinthalii Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Thelymitra sp. kangaloon Not recorded in reserves

Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Olearia cordata Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Ozothamnus vagans Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Lychnothamnus barbatus Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a




Plants Macrozamia cardiacensis Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia conferta Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia cranei Not recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Plants Macrozamia elegans Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Plants Macrozamia fawcettii Recorded in Reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Macrozamia flexuosa Recorded in Reserves n/a Endangered

Plants Macrozamia humilis Not recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia occidua Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

Plants Macrozamia viridis Not recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Plants Hibbertia marginata Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Astrotricha roddii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Epacris sparsa Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Melichrus sp. newfoundland state forest

Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Styphelia perileuca Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Leucopogon exolasius Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia courtii Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia flocktoniae Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Acacia macnuttiana Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Almaleea cambagei Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Desmodium acanthocladum Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Phyllota humifusa Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Pultenaea parviflora Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Allocasuarina defungens Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Allocasuarina glareicola Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Allocasuarina portuensis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Allocasuarina simulans Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Euphrasia bowdeniae Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Daphnandra johnsonii Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Endiandra floydii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a




Plants Endiandra hayesii Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Bertya ernestiana Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Bertya pinifolia Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Fontainea australis Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Fontainea oraria Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Brachychiton sp. ormeau Not recorded in reserves

Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Lasiopetalum joyceae Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Lasiopetalum sp. proston Recorded in Reserves Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Pimelea venosa Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Angophora inopina Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Angophora robur Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Darwinia biflora Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Eucalyptus aquatica Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Eucalyptus camfieldii Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Eucalyptus pumila Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Gossia fragrantissima Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Homoranthus montanus Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Homoranthus prolixus Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Kunzea rupestris Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Leptospermum deanei Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Melaleuca biconvexa Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Melaleuca deanei Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Micromyrtus blakelyi Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Micromyrtus grandis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Triplarina nowraensis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Uromyrtus australis Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Acrophyllum australe Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Grevillea banyabba Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Grevillea beadleana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a




Plants Grevillea caleyi Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea guthrieana Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea masonii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea mollis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea molyneuxii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea quadricauda Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Grevillea rhizomatosa Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Hakea archaeoides Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Isopogon fletcheri Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Persoonia acerosa Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Persoonia bargoensis Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Persoonia glaucescens Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Persoonia hirsuta Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Tinospora tinosporoides Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Owenia cepiodora Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Boronia repanda Recorded in Reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Boronia umbellata Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Leionema obtusifolium Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Leionema sympetalum Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Zieria covenyi Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Zieria floydii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Zieria involucrata Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Zieria lasiocaulis Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Zieria murphyi Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable n/a

Reptiles Myuchelys belli Recorded in Reserves Vulnerable Endangered

Reptiles Hoplocephalus bungaroides Not recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

*Please note that due to the number of threatened endemic flora within this zone, only those that are not recorded in reserves, or listed as critically endangered or endangered under the EPBC Act or IUCN are listed here.


Eastern Australia Temperateand Subtropical Forests CMZ

Concentrations of unreservedendemic species

Australian Natural HeritageAssessment Tool

Data Sources: - All biodiversity data have been derived from the Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool, which includes species location records from Australian museums, Australian herbaria, Birds Australia, CSIRO,state and territory governments and other sources.- Weighted endemism / richness scores are calculated for all species within a specified group with the exception of vascular plants (includes only 75 families) and vertebrates (does not include fish species).For a full list of taxa included in ANHAT see www.environment.gov.au/heritage/index.html

- Drainage and waterbodies have been derived from the GeoscienceAustralia GEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 - Locality data have been derived from the Geoscience AustraliaGEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 data layer

Caveat: While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy andcompleteness, no guarantee is given, nor responsibility taken by theCommonwealth for errors or omissions and the Commonwealth doesnot accept responsibility in respect of any information or advice givenin relation to, or as a consequence of, anything contained herein.

Produced by: The Department of the Environment. © Commonwealth of Australia 2008

0 100 20050Kilometres

CMZ Boundaries

Parks and Reserves

Concentration of endemics

1 - 3

4 - 6

7 - 11

12 - 18

19 - 26

27 - 43

44 - 71

Eastern Australia temperate and subtropical forests

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool


Invasive species

Invasive mammals

Common name Scientific name Area of zone (m2) % of total distribution* % of zone**

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 159,581,476,379 2.59 99.99

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 159,581,476379 2.08 99.99

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 156,109,778,218 6.26 97.82

House Mouse Mus musculus 148,894,209,980 4.19 93.30

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 142,884,465,842 12.85 89.53

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 139,717,301,185 2.55 87.55

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 138,005,431,825 13.88 86.47

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 130,346,060,745 7.66 81.67

Pig Sus scrofa 111,390,199,027 3.17 69.80

Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 79,439,434,290 20.74 49.78

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 53,476,035,196 28.14 33.51

Goat Capra hircus 42,336,103,125 1.98 26.53

Horse Equus caballus 22,555,115,056 1.52 14.13

Other invasive fauna


House Sparrow Passer domesticus 159,583,247,416 5.40 99.99Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 159,581,663,196 7.39 99.99Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 155,885,703,391 6.12 97.68

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 145,551,994,754 17.47 91.20European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 134,428,286,181 14.99 84.23Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 119,804,919,089 23.16 75.07Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 99,274,592,090 14.03 62.20Cane Toad Rhinella marina 85,648,676,475 4.43 53.67Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 78,165,524,541 29.43 48.98Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 74,668,211,932 8.16 46.79

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 44,593,932,381 55.96 27.94Skylark Alauda arvensis 33,992,120,366 5.27 21.30Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 20,261,986,987 9.00 12.70Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 13,179,310,954 4.75 8.26European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 3,915,492,265 1.98 2.45Flowerpot Blind Snake, Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Besi

Ramphotyphlops braminus 2,544,808,700 4.46 1.59

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.


Invasive flora


Blackberry, European Blackberry

Rubus fruticosus aggregate 129,848,088,906 15.58 81.36

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 109,868,594,388 23.34 68.84

Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel

Senecio madagascariensis 96,050,387,072 65.54 60.18

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed

Salvinia molesta 94,562,337,540 31.08 59.25

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

92,965,915,116 14.11 58.25

Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 67,019,646,317 25.56 41.99

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 56,903,114,248 80.14 35.65

Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides 53,652,608,454 6.53 33.62

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 53,027,032,154 13.97 33.23Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana 51,245,140,270 53.66 32.11

Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ)

Nassella trichotoma 49,315,418,193 17.03 30.90

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 49,309,849,470 64.21 30.90

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 46,970,100,758 50.00 29.43

Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom

Cytisus scoparius 45,493,951,235 19.09 28.51

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 42,811,999,608 45.95 26.83

Bitou BushChrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata

37,476,841,162 55.84 23.48


Invasive flora


Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Ragweed

Parthenium hysterophorus 31,730,335,526 5.34 19.88

Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 28,704,633,941 7.21 17.99Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 28,455,774,278 33.69 17.83

Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw Creeper, Funnel Creeper

Dolichandra unguis-cati 22,849,064,152 40.22 14.32

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 21,947,852,124 70.97 13.75

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 21,254,923,677 4.04 13.32

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera 19,639,950,056 6.17 12.31

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 15,470,790,635 47.6 9.69

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 15,470,790,635 47.6 9.69Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass

Hymenachne amplexicaulis 14,059,277,352 6.23 8.81

Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda

Cryptostegia grandiflora 13,850,670,463 2.04 8.68

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 11,994,838,519 8.05 7.52

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 11,200,098,865 1.89 7.02Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 10,702,084,944 7.16 6.71

Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Parkinsonia aculeata 10,352,633,030 0.65 6.49

Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus africanus 5,561,162,007 44.92 3.48


Invasive flora


Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 4,280,466,017 22.23 2.68

Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar

Tamarix aphylla 4,131,683,031 0.59 2.59

Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Black Piquant, Babul

Vachellia nilotica 2,422,585,958 0.44 1.52

Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom

Genista linifolia 2,246,364,301 5.49 1.41

Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 1,128,745,260 1.80 0.71Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood

Annona glabra 33,622,937 0.10 0.02

Prickly Acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica May be present May be present May be present

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine Pinus radiata May be present May be present May be present

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana May be present May be present May be present

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species


Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.


Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice

Rehabilitation Fire Management

Wildlife Management

Weed Management

Feral Animal Management

Disease Management

Purchase high quality remnants into reservation and encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Maintain buffers of native vegetation around remnants.

Prevent firewood collection and bush rock removal.

Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Do not permit commercial apiarists to place bee hives within 3km of the remnant.

Limit and exclude grazing during drought or when native ground cover is in flower or seed (Spring/Summer).

Graze 3-days on; 28-days off in Summer; 7-days on, 56-days off in autumn and winter.

Maintain 80% groundcover; 10cm sward height minimum at all times.

Fence outside canopy dripline of paddock trees to allow regeneration.

Avoid cultivation, ripping, excavation, and herbicide and pesticide application in, or near, remnants.

Do not divert run-off into remnant areas.

Avoid soil compaction from vehicles/machinery or stock camps.

Do not plant trees/shrubs into good condition sites, which should be capable of natural regeneration. Planting disturbs compositional balance and natural succession patterns.

Plant native, indigenous species only if the site shows no signs of natural regeneration. Plant trees and shrubs at the same density evident in local, good quality grassy woodland sites.

Use high quality seed, of local provenance if possible.

Don’t allow the remnant to become overly shrubby.

Negotiate fire management protocols with local fire brigades in relation to establishing fire control lines.

Maintain and protect paddock trees, as they provide linkages within the landscape for wildlife.

If few mature trees with hollows are present, provide both bird and arboreal mammal nesting boxes. Monitor these regularly for pest species such as Noisy Miners and Indian Mynas.

If fallen timber has been removed from remnant sites, add coarse woody debris (e.g. recycled untreated timbers) to provide habitat.

Likewise, if bush rock has been previously removed from remnants, seek advice about suitable artificial alternatives. Bush rocks provide critical habitat for a range of reptiles that are critical for the food chain.

Monitor and manage densities of Eastern Grey Kangaroos.

Mow/slash sporadically and in a mosaic pattern in late summer or autumn.

Hand pulling, spot spraying and weed wiping are appropriate weed control measures.

Prevent weed introduction through adopting good hygiene measures and minimising soil disturbance.

Don’t stockpile topsoil within remnant areas.

Control feral grazers (deer, rabbits, goats) and erect fences where appropriate (e.g. of stock dams, individual guards for targeted plants).

Control feral predators including foxes, dogs, cats and pigs.

Do not push fallen timber into stacks or windrows as these provide shelter for foxes, rabbits and cats.

Manage contributors to dieback, such as over-populations of leaf eating insects, through weed management in surrounding areas.

19.55%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

38.2%

7.5%

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus populnea; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia gummifera; Eucalyptus blakelyi; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Angophora floribunda; Eucalyptus melanophloia; Bursaria spinosa; Leptospermum trinervium; Persoonia levis; Lomatia silaifolia; Microlaena stipoides; Themeda triandra; Lomandra longifolia; forb; tussock grass.

Management recommendations


Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber and bush rock.

66.23%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

7.9%

5.8%

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus moluccana; Corymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus albens; Eucalyptus pilularis; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Acacia aulacocarpa; Alphitonia excelsa; Jacksonia scoparia; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Cymbopogon refractus; Bothriochloa decipiens; Entolasia stricta; Dianella caerulea; Lomandra longifolia; tussock grass.



Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

89.49%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus sieberi; Eucalyptus deanei; Angophora leiocarpa; Lophostemon confertus; Leptospermum brevipes; Acacia aulacocarpa; Acacia irrorata; Alphitonia excelsa; Dodonaea viscosa; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Cymbopogon refractus; Lepidosperma laterale; tussock grass; sedge.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

13.1%

11.7%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber and bush rock.



Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile

72.87%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus siderophloia; Lophostemon confertus; Eucalyptus grandis; Eucalyptus salign; Eucalyptus microcorys; Neolitsea dealbata; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus propinqu; Caldcluvia paniculosa; Pittosporum undulatu; Caldcluvia paniculosa; Synoum glandulosum; Livistona australis; Doryphora sassafras; Breynia oblongifolia; Lomandra longifolia; Lepidosperma laterale; Pteridium esculentum; Imperata cylindrica; Ottochloa gracillima; rush; fern; tussock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

7.9%

5.8%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Purchase remnants into reservation.

Fence remnants and manage public access (especially near residential areas). Exclude access of vehicles and trail bikes for recreational use, and keep pets on leashes.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber, bush rocks and leaf litter.

Avoid mowing/slashing of understorey to promote regeneration of native species.

Reduce spray drift in adjacent paddocks.

Encourage wise water usage in adjacent lands to ensure water tables are not affected.

Implement stock management plans for roadside verges and crown land where grazing is permitted.

Ensure local flora species are planted for any revegetation and recovery actions.

Re-introduce habitat features (e.g. rocks, logs) at disturbed sites.

Natural fire intervals are likely to be several decades to a few hundred years.

Repeated hazard reduction burns or too-frequent wildfire impact on vegetation health and regeneration capacity.

Provide maps of remnants to local and state Rural Fire Services.

Manage fuel loads in surrounding areas, to minimise the risk of inappropriate fire regimes affecting remnants.

Ensure chemicals or other mechanisms used to eradicate weeds do not have an adverse affect on remnants.



Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest vegetation profile

48.07%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityAraucaria cunninghamii; Argyrodendron trifoliolatum; Waterhousea floribunda; Baloghia inophylla; Acmena smithii; Choricarpia subargente; Dissiliaria baloghioides; Livistona australis; Pittosporum undulatum, tree-fern; Notelaea venosa; Clerodendrum tomentosu; Adiantum formosum; Asplenium attenuatum; Pellaea; Doodia asper; fern; tussock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

5.5%

2.7%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Create buffer zones of native vegetation around remnants that are adjacent to development/agricultural areas.

Fence off remnants that are adjacent to residential areas and limit access for vehicles and pets.

Protect fallen timber, paddock trees and large trees.

Purchase remnants into reservation to increase connectivity.

Ensure that livestock are excluded from remnants, through exclusion fencing or other barriers.

Ensure nearby eucalypt plantations do not impact on groundwater supplies.

Increase connectivity between remnants.

Plant local indigenous rainforest species, especially key canopy tree species.

Discourage the use of fire as a means to control lantana or other weeds in or near to rainforest remnants.

Plantations also increase wildfire potentials. Remnants can be better protected if surrounded by buffers of indigenous plantings (with canopy, midstorey and understorey species).

Ensure that managed fires and, where possible, wildfires do not enter buffer zones around remnants.

Implement staged removal of camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora).

Avoid clearing camphor laurel using heavy machinery.

Monitor for early weed detection and eradication.



Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

60.12%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus rossii; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus gummifera; Eucalyptus racemosa; macrorhyncha; Corymbia trachyphloia; Allocasuarina littoralis; eptospermum sp; Leptospermum trinervium; Banksia spinulosa; Entolasia stricta; Microlaena stipoides; Aristida queenslandica; Melichrus urceolatus; Monotoca scoparia; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Echinopogon caespitosus; Lomandra multiflora; tussock grass; fern.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

5.2%

3.2%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Do not allow removal of fallen timber and bush rocks.

Manage grazing practices including avoiding high-intensity set stocking.

Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.

Fence paddock trees to enable natural regeneration. Construct artificial shade for stock.

Encourage natural regeneration through fencing and stock management.

Replant vegetation using locally-sourced seed.



Notes


Notes


Notes

ALC

100.

0915