Conventional and Addressable Fire Alarm Systems

Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems

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Chapter-3 Conventional And Addressable Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system (legal requirements)

(saving time) (money) fire alarm system conventional addressable alarm systems

(main difference) addressable fire alarm systems activate device

Addressable system device (own unique address) (detect ) devices address main control panel

Conventional system activate device () -(zone-1) (loop) -((zone-2)

Wiring differences alarm systems Addressable alarm system device (loop) Device

control panel () (loop) () control panel (Both ends of the wire loop connect to the control panel.)

Conventional alarm system device () control panel (one end of the wire) device

Fire Alarm Systems

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control panel Device control panel (own wire) Addressable system device

Conventional and addressable fire alarm system

Conventional alarm panel

device Addressable system (one wire loop) device Conventional system

Addressable system Addressable alarm panel false alarm smoke detector False alarm

(reliable) Addressable alarm panel (reliable) ()(both

end) control panel (one end of the loop) control panel

signal Loop isolation module Device circuit Conventional system device System

Overall (functions) addressable fire alarm (superior)

conventional system Conventional system conventional system


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(customer requirements) (supervise installation of equipment) (testing and commissioning of the system) (training of the operating personnel) system design (optimum)

- Addressable fire alarm system schematic

- Analogue addressable fire alarm system schematic

Fundamental configuration Fire alarm control panel system

Input system integrity output relay control

Fire Alarm Systems

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- Conventional Fire Alarm Systems

Conventional Fire Alarm Systems Conventional fire alarm system

(reliability) Conventional system Conventional fire alarm system (smaller systems) (budget constraints) (best choice)

Conventional fire alarm system Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) ('intelligence' of the system) conventional detector call psoint signal alarm sounders remote signalling equipment (program) command Signal

Fire control panel Conventional detector dedicated circuit (zone) (area) circuit Conventional fire alarm system (maximum size) code local standard Detector Normal healthy and Alarm (two states)

- Addressable Fire Alarm System


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- Addressable Fire Alarm System

Addressable Fire Alarm System

Addressable fire alarm system (speed of detection) (identification of the location of a fire) Addressable fire alarm system (tolerance to faults in the system wiring) (single pair of wires) device () (cost savings in the wiring of large systems)

addressable system conventional system Addressable fire alarm system conventional system

Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm Systems Conventional system analogue addressable fire alarm system

(adding more flexibility) intelligence (speed of identification) control

.Analogue addressable fire alarm system (larger premises) (complex system requirement)

Analogue addressable system detector (wired in a loop)

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Analogue addressable fire alarm system control panel detector

(communicate) (receives a status report) Detector (address) control panel (display/ indicate the precise location) (location of fire) Conventional system ('zoning' of the system) addressable system

Addressable detector intelligent device (capable of reporting fire or fault condition) Fire status fault status (Pre-alarm warnings) (smoke) (heat) (preset level) (full evacuation sounder) conventional addressable

MCP

Smoke detector bell (warehouse used for storage) () hand bell system 230 volt break glass system

Analogue Fire Alarm systems

Analogue fire alarm system fire alarm panel (zone) detection zone () bell zone () Detector circuit () () bell sounder circuit () ()

Detection zone break glasses laser smoke heat detector radial from fire alarm panel detect - detection

System (fire resistant cable) Bell circuit (standard cable) Detection circuit system (fire resistant cable) (cable size) detection circuit 1.5mm sounder circuit 2.5mm

Radial detection circuit end of line device (last device) EOL circuit

Detector (unique address) (size of the system) (design requirements) loop loop system


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circuit

Bell circuit bell Bell zone criss cross each other -Bell 1 - Bell 2 - Bell 3 - Bell 4 - Criss cross bell circuit circuit bell Bell circuit end of line device bell circuit End Of Line (EOL) circuit monitor End Of Line (EOL) device

(in the event of a fire) device trigger Fire alarm panel

Addressable Fire Alarm systems Addressable fire alarm () () Loops for detection, and radials for the sounders Detection circuit Loop sounder circuit radial

() Loops that can both act for detection and sounders together Loops detection circuit sounders circuit

System (fire resistant cable) (cable size) 2.5mm

() Loops for detection, and radials for the sounders system individual circuit ()(separate tasks)

loop panel smoke detector break glasses heat detector interfaces panel Loop

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isolating device isolator

Loop isolator circuit (protect the continuity of the circuit)

Detection loop isolator device

Detection circuit isolated cable ( ) device (continuity) Device address () detector mapping() Device address commissioning engineer laptop PC

System loop () (minimum of two loops) loop device ()


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() Loops that can both act for detection and sounders together system system sounders (Bell

circuit) (separate) circuit

loop (in the event of a fire) (capable of changing the polarity of the circuit) - Detection mode (positive) (negative) Alarm (negative) (positive) Circuit polarity

wiring diagram simple fire alarm system input loop (one closed, one open)

Addressable combined fire and sound loop circuits

Addressable Fire Alarm Control Panels Addressable panel conventional panel

(advanced) Information capacity Control flexibility Addressable fire alarm panel (manufacturers) microcontroller

Signaling Line Circuits (SLC) Addressable fire alarm control panel Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)

Loop Signaling Line Circuit loop Panel SLC ()

protocol Signaling Line Circuit monitor and control devices Protocol detectors input/output module protocol 50% of channel capacity detectors sensor 50% input output modules SLC device (Poll ) poll device (large system) Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)

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Signaling Line Circuit device (own address) panel device (state of each individual device)

(common) addressable input (initiating) device

() Heat Detectors (Rate of Rise and Fixed Temperature) () Manual call points or manual pull stations () Notification appliances (Simplex systems with TrueAlert signals only) () Smoke detectors () Flow control () Responders () Pressure () Fire sprinkler system inputs () Isolate () Switches () Standard switches

Addressable output device relay Relay


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() (Warning system/Bell) Relays () Door holder relays () Auxiliary (control function) relays Relay (variety of functions) control () (switching smoke fans on or off)

() (closing/opening doors)

() (activating fire suppression systems)

() Notification appliance activate (activating notification appliances)

() Industrial equipment (shutting down industrial equipment)

() (lift-homing) (recalling elevators to a safe exit floor)

() fire alarm panel activate - alarm panel communicator (activating another fire alarm panel or communicator)

Mapping Mapping input device active output device

relay activate logic (When an input device is activated, a certain output device (or relay) is activated.)

Zones

device

Groups Group output device Relay single input smoke

detector or MCP (group ) output device map Program input output (many inputs map to the same outputs) (group)

Boolean logic Boolean logic fire panel Panel

boolean logic panel device activate staged evacuation procedure

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Networking panel input panel output activate

panel system networking system (monitor) (monitoring) Networking is often used in situations where one panel is not large enough, or in multiple-building situations. fire alarm panel networking integrate

Networking fire alarm panel offline fire alarm system Fire alarm panel (failure) (maintenance) Hardware software architectures sub-network network system (training)

protocols BACnet industrial net work Mircom BACnet inteface fire alarm control panel

Interconnected system fire alarm control panel HVAC, Building Automation Controllers, Security/Access Control or Elevator Controllers Interoperable system (long term maintenance cost) (emergency response)

Arcnet protocol (industrial applications) Fire Alarm Control Panels networking

panel standard Ethernet proprietary protocol Bridging layer Proprietary network BACnet network

Networking fire alarm panel panel monitor

Monitoring International Building Code fire alarm sprinkler system

approved supervising station (monitor)

Fire alarm system control (computer-based control) central station fire alarm system


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UL listed FM Global (approved) supervising station (monitor) feature LED

Building plan floor plan zone plan ire alarm panel System touch screens mouse Touch screen misaligned and for mistakes

System functions Fire alarm panel function System Reset Reset panel alarm condition initiating device

reset panel alarm condition Initiating device alarm System reset - smoke detector (sense smoke) manual pull station activated position system reset supervisory conditions clear system reset trouble condition Ttrouble condition Device trouble condition clear

UK most US panel "System Reset" "Silence" "Acknowledge"

Acknowledge Panel function "ACK" Alarm trouble

(abnormal situation) (Acknowledge)

Acknowledge(ACK) alarm

Drill Fire drill

Drill "manual evacuation" "evacuate" Drill function panel system notification appliances activate Fire drill drill function Alarm department monitoring center Fire drill

Signal Silence Alarm Silence" "Audible Silence" Fire alarm system configuration

function system notification appliance audible alarm (silence) Strobe light

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(flash)

Audible silence (emergency responders) (easier communication) (final full test) preliminary test

Lamp Test "Flash test" Fire alarm panel lamp test

function LED Code multi-zone panel lamp test system reset "Lamp Test" (button)

Panel alerting Fire alarm panel (potentially serious

problem) panel alerting indicator LED Fire alarm panel indicator

Alarm Alarm "Fire" "General Alarm" smoke detector heat

detector sprinkler flow switche manual pull station manual call point activate fire alarm alarm (alarm condition)

Alarm horn strobe notification appliance activate fire alarm panel (alarm originated)

Alarm device reset alarm panel reset - manual pull station handle (normal position) reset

Audible silence Audible silence indicator "Alarm" indicator Audible

silence fire alarm panel alarm condition notification appliance (silence)

Alarm (alarm is silenced) alarm condition emergency service elevator stairway pressurization function ventilation function function Audible Silence alarm notification appliance re-activate

Pre alarm


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system alarm pre alarm alarm alarm system two stage system pre alarm LED device device alarm pre alarm alarm

(predetermined time limit) pre alarm full alarm

false alarm two stage system two stage system

prealarm LED device activate smoke detector prealarm full alarm

system's layout prealarm condition NAC activate prealarm condition alarm condition alarm signal NAC activate

voice evacuation system prealarm condition

Priority 2 alarm Priority 2 alarm "Security" terminal secondary device

secondary device activate Priority 2 alarm LED

Secondary device security system building management system fire alarm control panel device program panel alarms condition

Trouble Trouble LED "Fault" "Defect"

panel LED (steady) (flashing) trouble condition Trouble condition smoke detector system electrical problem

disable (disconnected from the system) circuit disable (low power on the backup battery) notification appliance disable ground faults short or open circuit trouble condition trouble condition larm panel system bell activate trouble

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condition

Trouble condition zone devices panel

(trouble condition) "Trouble" indicator Trouble alarm system(EST) panel reset panel trouble condition Bell 'Trouble-Bell'

Panel's buzzer Panel acknowledge button

Supervisory fire protection system disable panel

supervisory condition fire sprinkler control valve lower priority initiating device duct smoke detector trigger supervisory condition system latching non-latching latching panel supervisory condition panel reset non-latching panel supervisory condition supervisory condition panel latching non-latching panel reset

AC power AC power indicator panel (Normal)

Panel backup battery building's electrical system AC power indicator AC power Trouble indicator AC power indicator (building personnel) (power failure) indicator AC power indicator system normal condition

DC power DC power (batteries) charged DC power

trouble condition

Highrate LED (unusual power-line conditions.)


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Conventional or Addressable Fire Alarm Systems?

- conventional fire alarm systems

Addressable fire alarm system

Conventional fire alarm system () addressable system () () addressable system

Conventional system radial detection circuit radial detection circuit sounder circuit Device two-state (on/off) device

Addressable fire alarm system data communications technology device (monitor) control Circuit detector alarm device (loop or ring)

Control panel detection device (location text) (zone information) alarm (type) detection device

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(when and how) alarm output device trigger

detection device (addressing ) complex Automatic Addressing soft addressing system Device address hard addressing

Detection device analogue technology sensitivity adjust Sensor variable signal voltage digital number (analysis)

Addressable system (advantage) () (reduced cable requirements and installation

costs)

() (simple loop based wiring common to all areas and all devices.)

() (increased flexibility to encompass changes and alterations without major re-wiring.)

() detector (sounders may be more easily integrated with detection)

() Conventional system point (displayed point text identification in the event of alarm rather than just a zone or area number.)

() (event Log for fault finding and other diagnostic tools.)

FireClass EN 54-13 Approved Addressable System


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Hybrid Fire Alarm System

Conventional device addressable controller interface modules integrate Hybrid fire alarm system Conventional fire alarm system addressable fire alarm system addressable conventional system

Fire Alarm Systems

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Addressable Fire Alarms vs. Conventional Fire Alarmsthe Bottom Line

(lay out) FAS single retail store, small restaurant conventional fire alarm (large buildings or building campuses) addressable fire alarm

Fire alarm system components

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Component Description Control panel Receives signals and monitors them. Control panel also provides notifications in

case of danger. Power Supply Provides power supply to the system. Power supply is located at the same place

as the control panel. Keypad Allows entering the password for setting or disengaging the device. Zone feature Programmed to react to emergency situations For example, a zone detecting

heat may respond by activating the sprinkler system within that zone, leaving all other zones unaffected.

Input devices Includes the smoke and heat detectors. Output devices Includes audio aspects vocal or Horn.

Fire Alarm System Services (reliability,) fire alarm systems inspected, tested, and

maintained Service program (periodic testing, inspection, and maintenance)

() NFPA code requirements

() Local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs)

() System manufacturers recommended inspection and

() Maintenance requirements

() Required annual fire alarm system testing

Fire Alarm Inspection & Repair

Fire alarm fire system smoke detector fire alarm control panel Annual fire alarm system inspection component Fire alarm system manual pull station alert/alarm methods (strobes and horns) smoke and heat detectors duct detectors annunciator panels main alarm panel communications sub-panel backup battery

Why Are Fire Alarm System Inspections Important? Fire alarm inspection

Inspect control panel Verify monitoring connection Inspect annunciator Test pull stations Test bells


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Test audible/visual devices Test elevator recall Test door holders Test duct detectors Test thermal detectors Test tamper switches Test flow switches Test ground fault detection circuitry Test for grounded field wiring Load test of standby batteries

Differences between Conventional & Addressable Fire Alarm Systems () Conventional addressable fire alarm system

() Addressable fire alarm systems (individual detector) Conventional systems circuits (zones) circuit

() Addressable system (text label identification) - detector 1 Bedroom 1 Bedroom 1 smoke detector activate

() Addressable system (early pre-alarm warning) (responsible person) alarm

() (environments) addressable system detector alarm threshold

() Addressable system (wired in a loop) Conventional systems radial circuits

() Addressable system system (events) (record) real time clock event log

() addressable system (sophisticated) programming (complicated) configuration

() Addressable system conventional system % %

Fire Alarm Systems

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Fire Alarm Systems

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Trouble Conditions Smoke detector circuit (trouble

conditions)

Open Circuit Loop open

circuit (A wire is cut or disconnected at some point in the loop.) Short Circuit (by pass )

short circuit (A portion of the wiring is effectively bypassed. Usually due to loose or damaged wires touching each other.)

Ground Fault ground conductor (in contact)

duct conduct (ability to sense problems) supervision

Supervised loop end-of-line resistor(EOL resistor) EOL Resistor shorted condition

Two-wire Smoke Detector Circuit Smoke detector (power) (2 wires)

detection circuit 2-conductor cable main panel smoke detector smoke detector EOLR

(in normal operation) alarm panel EOL (sees) (contunity) connection Detector (senses smoke) (across the pair of wires) short panel alarm signal

(wire is cut) (pulls loose from a screw terminal) panel EOLR panel open trouble condition signal panel short alarm detector (senses smoke)

Four-wire Smoke Detector Circuit ( ) (power)

() detection circuit Main panel loop smoke detector Detection circuit (2-wire smoke detector ) smoke detect EOL resistor


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4 wire detection loop 2-wire smoke detector circuit Panel Loop closed open EOLR (sense ) (signals a trouble condition opens.) (smoke) (pair of wires) short alarm Loop Open trouble condition signal

Relay (power) detection loop relay (drop) Detection loop open panel trouble condition

Fire Wiring Color Code The wire colors mentioned here match the fire wire shown above.

Out panel output (Out refers to out from the alarm panel) Red = Positive (+) loop out Black = Negative (-) loop out Blue = Positive (+) loop return Brown = Negative (-) loop return

() (consistant)

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Documents

Conventional and Addressable Fire Alarm Systems