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21 June 2004

Doug YoungNG Lead Executive for Project ConstellationNorthrop Grumman Corporation

Cooperating While Competing:Industry Opportunities and Policy Challenges

Cooperating While Competing:Industry Opportunities and Policy Challenges Space Exploration and International Cooperation SymposiumGeorge Washington University, 21-22 June 2004

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• International Space Cooperation Is Both Old and New– Established in National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958)– Past: Developing, Launching, and Operating SATCOMM, Scientific, and Earth

Sensing Satellites; Apollo-Soyuz, and Educational Projects– Current: International Space Station (ISS), Space Science Programs– New: Human Exploration Programs and Activities

• Long-standing Cooperation Themes in National Space Policy– Protecting National Security Interests While Promoting Foreign Policy

Considerations– Advancing National Science and Technology Through Cooperation in Basic

Scientific Research That, in Turn, Lead to Other Cooperative Undertakings– Maximizing Economic Benefits

International Space Cooperation: U.S. Policy and Practice

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Commission on Moon, Mars, and Beyond:

• Related Recommendations: — International Talents and Technologies Will Be of

Significant Value in Vision’s Implementation– NASA Should Pursue International Partnerships Based on

an Architecture That Would Encourage Global Investment in Support of Vision

– NASA Should Consider Establishing Organization to Pursue Cutting-edge Technologies in Private Sector of Relevance to Exploration Encouraging Commercial Activities Through: Prizes Tax Incentives Regulatory Relief, Including Changing Existing Liability

Laws to Set a Reasonable Standard for Implied Consent Property Rights in Space

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Opportunities for Firm-to-Firm Collaboration: Criteria for Cooperation

• Domestic Interests Criteria– Foreign Policy– National Constraints– International Treaties and Less-formal Agreements– Program Scale, Stability, and Risk– Management Regime of Partnership– Confidence in Partnership

• Materials Benefits Criteria– Financial– Industrial Development– Access to Expanded Knowledge and Skills Base– Access to Benefits of Space (Products/services/infrastructure)– Niche Capabilities

Source: Fact Sheet on the AIAA International Space Cooperation Workshop Series, 2004.

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Challenges to Firm-to-Firm Collaboration

• Legal– U.S. Export Control and Technology Transfer Laws and

Regulations– Differing Legal Regimes Among Potential Partners– International Space and Other Treaties

• National Interests and Competition– Who’s in Charge?– Who’s Paying for the Activity?– Relationship to Other Foreign Policy Interests?– Relationship to Domestic Interests?

• Views Based on Past Experiences– Reliability As Collaborative Partner– Licensing Process and Congressional Oversight,

Funding and Resource Management Over Long Term

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To Succeed…

Cooperation Can Accelerate Space Exploration

Governmental Leadership in Setting Bilateral and Multilateral Framework for Firm-to-firm Cooperation

Sustained Government-to-Government Space Exploration Investment To Foster Cooperation and Competitiveness

Easing of Import-Export Regulations Will Stimulate Cooperation and Competition

A 45 Year Partner in Mission Success