Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3-1 Chapter 3 The Changing Environment of Management: Diversity,Global Economy, and Technology

3-1Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Chapter 3

The Changing Environment of Management:

Diversity,Global Economy,and Technology


Chapter Outline

The Twenty-First Century Workplace: Seven Major Challenges


Chapter Outline(continued)

The Social Environment Demographics of the New Workforce A New Social Contract Between Employer

and Employee Nagging Inequalities in the Workplace Managing Diversity


Chapter Outline (continued)

The Political-Legal Environment The Politicization of Management Increased Personal Legal Accountability Political-Legal Implications for Management



The Economic Environment The Job Outlook in Today’s Service Economy

Where Education Counts Coping with Business Cycles The Challenge of a Global Economy



The Technological Environment The Innovation Process Promoting Innovation through

Intrapreneurship

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

3-7

THE 21st-CENTURY WORKPLACE: SEVEN MAJOR CHANGES

1. The virtual organization

2. The just-in-time workforce

3. The ascendancy of knowledge workers

4. Computerized coaching and electronic monitoring


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THE 21st-CENTURY WORKPLACE: SEVEN MAJOR CHANGES

(continued)

5. The growth of worker diversity

6. The aging workforce

7. The birth of the dynamic workforce


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THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:MANAGING DIVERSITY

Managing diversity: the process of creating an organizational culture that enables all employees, including women and minorities, to realize their full potential.


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(continued)

Managing diversity builds upon equal employment opportunity and affirmative action programs.

Comprehensive diversity programs are needed to create more flexible organizations where everyone has a fair chance to thrive and succeed.

“We don’t want to have as a goal just tolerating people. We have to value them.”


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(continued)

For Discussion:

1. Does the term “managing diversity” have a positive or negative meaning for you? Explain.

2. From a managerial standpoint, why is it good to value, rather than simply tolerate, interpersonal differences?


THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

Politics: the art (or science) of public influence and control.

Issues management: the ongoing organizational process of identifying, evaluating, and responding to relevant and important social and political issues.


THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT(continued)

Specific Political Strategies Campaign financing Lobbying Coalition building Indirect lobbying


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THE CHALLENGE OF A GLOBAL ECONOMY

Globalization Is Personal Working for a foreign-owned company Meeting world standards (higher quality and

lower wages)


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(continued)

For Discussion:

1. What would happen to your present quality of life if all the imported goods you regularly use suddenly disappeared?

2. What would happen to your present quality of life if demand suddenly dried up for all the goods and services exported to foreign countries from your city, state, or region?


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(continued)

For Discussion:3. As you look ahead to your future career (or

the future direction of your present career), is the global economy likely to be a positive or negative factor? Explain.


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THE TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Technology: all the tools and ideas available for extending the natural physical and mental reach of humankind.


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(continued)

The Innovation Process: the systematic development and practical application of a new idea.

(concept product technology production technology)

Product technology: second stage of innovation process involving the creation of a working prototype.


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(continued)

Production technology: third stage of innovation process involving the development of a profitable production process.

Innovation lag: the time it takes for a new idea to be translated into satisfied demand.


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(continued)

For Discussion: What innovative ideas have you heard about that are tied up in innovation lag?


TECHNOLOGY SURVEYBased on Table 3.1

Question: To what extent will the following emerging technologies affect your life? Rank them from 1 = highest impact to 10 = lowest impact.

Rank

1. Mapping the human genome ____

2. Super materials ____

3. Compact, long-lasting, portable energy sources ____


TECHNOLOGY SURVEY(continued)

1 = highest impact / 10 = lowest impact

Rank

4. Digital high-definition television ____

5. Miniaturization of electronics for personal use ____

6. Smart control systems ____

7. Anti-aging products ____



1 = highest impact / 10 = lowest impact

Rank

8. High-tech medicine and drugs ____

9. Hybrid fuel vehicles ____

10. Edutainment (educational computer games/simulations) ____



For Discussion:

1. What opportunities and problems will these technologies create for society? For business? For managers?

2. What ethical issues are hidden in these technologies?


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PROMOTING INNOVATION THROUGH INTRAPRENEURSHIP

Intrapreneur: an employee who takes personal “hands-on responsibility” for pushing any type of innovative idea, product, or process through the organization. “Dreamers who do.”


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(continued)

The Intrapreneur’s Ten Commandments*

1. Come to work each day willing to be fired.

2. Circumvent any orders aimed at stopping your dream.

3. Do any job needed to make your project work, regardless of your job description.

4. Find people to help you.


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(continued)

5. Follow your intuition about the people you

choose, and work only with the best.

6. Work underground as long as you can--publicity triggers the corporate immune system.

7. Never bet on a race unless you are running in it.


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(continued)

8. Remember it is easier to ask for forgiveness than for permission.

9. Be true to your goals, but be realistic about the ways to achieve them.

10. Honor your sponsors.

*Source: Gifford Pinchot III, Intrapreneuring (New York) Harper & Row, 1985), p. 22.


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(continued)

For Discussion: Which of these is the best advice? Which is the worst? Why? Are these tips a formula for career success or the unemployment line?

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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3-1 Chapter 3 The Changing Environment of Management: Diversity,Global Economy, and Technology