Course Overview I. How did the course originat II. Study methods 1. Class format 2. Instructional methods III. Introduction to Urban Sociology 1. What is urban sociology 2. What is a city 3. What are urban studies IV. Sociological Perspective and Speech Class V. Self Introduction

I. Course OriginationGeneral Course Objectives: Develop students' knowledge and understanding of the urban structure and function in sociological perspectives (theoretical paradigms).Promote thought about urban areas, urban processes and urban life.Enhance students' ability to study urban sociology in bilingual, help to promote the globalization and indigenization (or contextuality) of sociology.

II. Learning methods1. Class format Sociological English and Urban Sociology a. Text preview (review) b. Key Terms (warming-up exercises) c. Main topic or Major topics d. Outline and explanation e. Summary in Chinese f. Field trips, Observation reports and class presentationsTextbook

 

Urban Sociology: A Systematic Introduction By John W. Bards & John J. Hartman Wichita State University F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc. 1982 Chinese Version康少邦等编译：《城市社会学》， 浙江人民出版社，1986学习要点以课本为中心、以理论和现实发展为补充 认真学习课本内容和词汇 围绕课本内容所提供的专题 补充现代城市社会学的理论发展，以及中国内容 (Chinese content)

III. Introduction to Urban SociologyWhat is urban sociology What is a cityWhat are urban studies

Key TermsBureaucracy (0) 科层 官僚Human ecology (1) 人类生态Land-use (1) 土地利用Variables (1) 变量Urbanization (2) 城市化C. Wright Mills (2) C ．怀特 · 米尔斯（ 1916-1962)Sociological imagination (2) 社会学的想象Suburbanization (2) 郊区化Social stratification (3) 社会分层Redevelopment （旧城）改造

Key TermsUrban planning 城市规划Primacy: 特首（城市）Hyperurbanization (P3) 过度城市化 over-urbanizationCentral city 中心城市 Suburb citiesStandard Metropolitan Statistical Area （ SMSA ） 标准都市统计区 [ 美 ]Social bond (P4-L) 社会契约

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What is urban sociology? Urban sociology is a sub-discipline (sociological study and knowledge about) to examine the nature of city life and urban social issues, how they are interrelated, and how a sociological approach helps us understand both the roots of these urban “problems” and the consequences for individuals, communities and societies. You will learn the historical experiences, theoretical explanations and solutions devised concerning today’s urban problems. The ability to critically assess current and future urban policies in comparative perspective is essential in our increasingly interdependent, global urban world.

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Central IssuesSpecific study field and perspectives (theory and knowledge) of Sociology a. Urban structure and functions (urban ecology) urban social division, social stratification, social space b. Urban life styles community, family, class, ethnics, culture c. Urban problems and policy (planning) d. Urban development urbanization, process and characteristics See Textbook P0-1

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Urban Sociology in the textbooka. Human Ecology (social space and land-use)b. Urban Community (social group, social organization, life way and social psychology)c. Urban Problem, Policy, and Planningd. Urbanization (urban growth and development) (P1) All above: Human behaviour associated with urban life. (P2R)

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2. What is a city?Definition based on size of the population. (Geographical approach)Definition based on political-formal incorporation. Incorporated cities have formal structure (city government) and definite boundaries.Definition based on social structure and the functions (Sociological approach). (P3)

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Sociological Definition in the TextbookCities are defined as geographically-bound forms of social organization that have certain (specific) characteristics. Such as:1. Populations are relative large, densely settled, and heterogeneous (Wirth 1938);2. At least some of the people engage in nonagricultural pursuits, and some are specialist (Sjoberg 1965) ;

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3. A city serves a market function and it has at least partial regulatory power (Weber 1958);4. Cities manifest forms of interaction in which the individual is not known as a complete person. (why)5. Cities require a “social bond” based on something larger than immediate family or tribe, perhaps based on rational law or tradition, such as religion or loyalty to a king. (P4)

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2. What is a city?City: Densely populated urban center, larger than a village or a town, whose inhabitants are engaged primarily in commerce and industry. In the United States a city is legally an incorporated municipality. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.) Municipality: A political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for local self-government.

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3. What are urban studies?The scientific study of human social structures and behaviors in urban areas, such as City Politics, Urban Geography, Urban Economics, Urban Planning, Urban Sociology, Urban History, etc.. Three approaches of urban studies: a. city as entity 城市作为存在（机体 / 机制） 自变量 b. city as process 城市作为过程 依变量 c. city as setting 城市做为背景

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Urban Sociology? Or Sociology?为什么一些社会学家将城市社会学定义为社会学本身？（ P0-R ）Because cities affect nearly every aspect of modern life, some sociologists have defined urban sociology as coterminous with the discipline itself. （ P0-R ）

IV. Sociological Perspective and Speech ClassSociological PerspectiveSpeech Class

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How to Be in Sociological PerspectiveSociological Approaches Sociological Issues (Domains and Dimensions) Sociological Methodology (Theories and Methods)Key Points (Socialization, Group, Organization, System, Stratification, Living ways, Urbanization)Key Terms (Some terms may be from different disciplines) 

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Speech ClassTopic: 1. Urbanism: my sociological perspective on modernity My sociological perspective on urbanism2. Classical Readings: Formalization and MethodKey Points and Key Terms: Sociological concepts and sociologists

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Content: Giving an example (instance or story), and describing and summarizing the facts Explaining causes or factors of modernity in urban life or urban people.Study approach: city as entity, city as process, city as setting 

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Sociological perspective on urbanismSocial Division (P4) power, authority, formal structure, bureaucracyRole Inconsistencies (P5L)Rational law (P4)White collar crimeUrban planning plot ratio, land use

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Self IntroductionYour name and hometownYour career after your high school.Your study fields or interested topicsyour favorite sociological terms, and comments on

them.

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Introduction 2 Urban Studies and Social ResearchI ． Theoretical Precursors to Urban Sociology 1. The City as Social Organization 2. The City as Evil 3. The City as a Way of life 4. City Life Is Subject to Study Using Scientific Procedures.II. Methods of Urban Investigation 1. Qualitative Research 2. Quantitative Research

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Key Terms or WordsMax Weber 马克斯 · 韦伯 (1864 ～ 1920) One of the trinity (triumvirate) of the major classical sociologists.émile Durkheim 埃米尔 · 涂尔干 (1858 ～ 1917) The first French academic sociologist and one of the founding fathers of sociology in the world.Organic solidarity 有机团结Mechanical solidarity 机械团结Henry James Sumner Maine 享利 · 梅因 (1822 ～1888) English jurist and historianAscribed status (5) 先赋地位 achieved status 

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Key Terms or WordsOswald Spengler (5) 斯本格勒 (1880 ～ 1936) The German historicist writer The Decline of The West, 1922Georg Simmel 格奥尔格 · 齐美尔 (1858 ～ 1918)Deviance 越轨The division of labor 劳动分工Louis Wirth (6) 路易斯 · 沃斯 (1897-1952) member of the famed “Chicago School” of urban sociology. one of the most influential members of the Chicago School of SociologyUrbanism (6) 城市性Tomas Jefferson (6) 托马斯 · 杰弗逊（ 1743-1826 ）

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Key Terms or WordsParticipant observation (7) 参与性观察 a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining in their routine activities.Interview (7) 访谈 a series of questions a researcher administers in person to respondents.Informant (7) 被调查者（对象） One who furnishes the related information to a researcher. 　　Questionnaires (7) 问卷 a series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects.Interviewee (7) 被访问者Field work (7) 田野（实地）调查 The collecting of

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sociological or anthropological data in the field.Scientific generalization (7) 科学概括 a statement of generalizing by scientific methods or principles.Key TermsSurvey (8) 调查 a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview.Population (8) 总体 the people who are the focus of research.

Sample （ 8 ）样本 a part of a population that represents the whole.Sampling refers to the process or method of drawing a sample from a population.Sampling Frame the actual physical representation of a population, a voters list or a student class lists, for example, from which a sample is actual drawn. A population is a somewhat abstract concept while the sampling frame is the real listing of members of that population such that you can imagine them being placed into a hat (role) for purposes of random sampling. 

Key TermsReplication (8) 复验 repetition of research by other investigatorsValidity (8) 效度 precision in measuring exactly what one intends to measureReliability (8) 信度 consistency in measurement; the quality of consistent （ Reliable ） measurement.Secondary sources of data (8) 二手来源资料。比较 secondary analysis ( 二手分析 ), a research method in which a researcher uses data collected by othersCensus (8) 人口普查 An official, usually periodic enumeration of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information. 

Theoretical Precursors to Urban Sociology1. The City as Social Organization2. The City as Evil3. The City as a Way of life4. City Life Is Subject to Study Using Scientific Procedures

Classical Scholars to Urban SociologyOrigination of urban studies in classical European sociologists.Birth and establishment of urban sociology in the United States

The City as Social OrganizationMax Weber (1864-1920) The city performs economic, legal, and protective functions. Formal organization, power and authority (Urban governments and formal structures)Durkheim (1858 –1917) Division of Labor Organic solidarity - Mechanical solidarity Collective conscienceMaine (1822-1888) (Textbook P5) Social agreement or contract Ascribed status & achieved status ( Ralph Linton1893-1953)

The City as EvilOswald Spengler (1880 -1936) Lose of the natural based “soul”Georg Simmel (1858 ～ 1918)The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903) City as an agent of social and psychological change Urban life is full of inconsistenciesWhat did we learn from the terms or ideas which were related to urban society and urban sociology  

The City as a Way of Life: UrbanismWirth, Louis (1897-1952)Urbanism a. Urbanism was a function of population density, size and heterogeneity. b. A term used by Louis Wirth to denote distinctive characteristics of urban social life, such as its impersonality. 城市性：变量系统 城市生态 Vn 人口特征 社会组织形式 Vn（大规模 / 高密度 / 多样性） 人格与行为特征 Vn See ： Textbook P6, 101, 338-339

From three demographical factors to three sociological “interrelated perspectives”Urbanism as a characteristic mode of life may be approached empirically from three interrelated perspectives: (1) as a physical structure comprising a population base, a technology, and an ecological order; (2) as a system of social organization involving a characteristic social structure, a series of social institutions, and a typical pattern of social relationships; and (3) as a set of attitudes and ideas, and a constellation of personalities engaging in typical forms of collective behavior and subject to characteristic mechanisms of social control.

City Life Is Subject to Study Using Scientific ProceduresDurkheim (1858 – 1917) Sociology is the study of social facts, borrowed the idea of Comte who used the term "social physics".C. Wright Mills (1916–1962) The Sociological Imagination

Sociological imaginationSociologists differ in their understanding of the concept, but the range suggests several important commonalities.Mills defined sociological imagination as “...the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society.”The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions. Someone using the sociological imagination "thinks himself away" from the familiar routines of daily life. (Glidden A12)The sociological imagination is the ability to see things socially and how they interact and influence each other.

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research

Qualitative Research (soft research) a. Participant observation b. Interview (a) informal interview (7R) (b) formal interview (7R)Quantitative Research (hard research) a. Survey (questionnaires or instrument) b. Census and other secondary sources of data Urban Studies and Social Research2. limitations of the secondary sources of data (P8)

 

3. Some other definitions or classification of the sociological research methods(data collection) Fieldwork

Survey Experimentation Secondary Research

Types of Surveys1. questionnaire a. mail survey. Sending or receiving a questionnaire in the mail. b. group administered questionnaire. A sample of respondents is brought together and asked to respond to a structured sequence of questions. c. household drop-off survey. A researcher goes to the respondent's home or business and hands the respondent the instrument.2. interview a. personal interview b. telephone interview

TEN STEPS IN SOCIOLOGICAL

INVESTIGATION1. What is your topic? (Define the topic of investigation) 2. What have others already learned? (Find out what has already been learned about) 3. What, exactly, are your questions? (Specify the questions you are going to ask) 4. What will you need to carry out research? (Assess the requirements for carrying out research on the topic) 5. Are there ethical concerns? (Consider the ethical issues involved in the research)

TEN STEPS IN SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION6. What method will you use? (Devise a research strategy) 7. How will you record the data? (Use the methods to gather data) 8. What do the data tell you? (Interpret the findings) 9. What are your conclusions? (Based on the findings, state your conclusions) 10. How can you share what you've learned? (Publishing your research)

Summary1. What is relationship between sociology and urban sociology? only sociology, single urban sociology, fractal structure2. What are fields and perspectives of urban sociology? Governance, community and civic participation, transparency3. What are the research methods of urban sociology?

阅读文献 向德平：《城市社会学》(普通高等学校社会学专业主干课系列教材)，北京:

高等教育出版社，2005年1月。n       ［法］格拉夫梅耶尔：《城市社会学--

法国大学128丛书》，天津:天津人民出版社，2005

年5月。n       王颖著：《城市社会学》，三联书店上海分店，2005年8月 版。n       顾朝林：《城市社会学》，南京:

东南大学出版社，2003年7月。n       蔡禾主编：《城市社会学：理论与视野》，广州：中山大学出版社， 2003年第1版。　n       郑也夫著：《城市社会学》， 北京：中国城市出版社，2002年。n       许英编著：《城市社会学》，济南：齐鲁书社，2002年。

N    郑也夫编：《都市的角落》郑也夫编，北京：中国城市出版社，2002年。n       康少邦、张宁编译：《城市社会学》， 杭州：浙江人民出版社，1986年。n       [法]阿兰·库隆（Alain Coulon）著：《芝加哥学派》，郑文彬译， 北京：商务印书馆，2000年。n       [美]帕克（Park,R.E.）等著：《城市社会学：芝加哥学派城市研究文集》，宋俊岭等译， 北京：华夏出版社，1987年。n       高鉴国：《新马克思主义城市理论》，北京：商务印书馆，2006年版。n       中国城市住宅向题研究会社会科学学术委员会编：《住宅社会学导论》，合肥：安徽人民出版社，1991年。

n     陈颐著：《中国城市化和城市现代化》， 南京：南京出版社，1998年n       叶裕民著：《中国城市化之路：经济支持与制度创新》， 北京：商务印书馆，2001年。n       王兴中等著：《中国城市社会空间结构研究》，北京：科学出版社，2000年。n       杨贵庆编：《城市社会心理学》， 上海：同济大学出版社，2000年。n       黄承元、周振明著：《城市社会心理学》， 上海：同济大学出版社，1988年。n       李书磊著：《都市的迁徙》，长春：时代文艺出版社，1993。

n       易中天著：《读城记——品读中国系列之二》，上海：上海文艺出版社，2006年。n       多吉才让主编：《城市社区建设读本》， 北京：中国社会出版社，2001年。n       张鸿雁著：《侵入与接替：城市社会结构变迁新论》，南京：东南大学出版社，2000。n       张鸿雁著：《城市形象与城市文化资本论：中外城市形象比较的社会学研究》， 南京：东南大学出版社，2002年。n       曹随著：《城市形象细分》，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2004年。