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Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 1
Upstream B2+ unit 1
crossing barriers Word Meaning
1- barrier - A barrier stops something from happening like a fence or wall. 2- cultural diversity - The cultural variety and cultural differences that exist in the
world or a society 3- celebrities - Most of the world’s best known people. 4- Multilingual - including, or expressed in several language 5- To conduct - To lead or guide something 6- Benefits - To be useful or helpful 7- Fields - An area of human activity 8- proficient - skilled in something 9- Access - The ability to enter or approach or use sth.
10- adapt - To get used to something. 11- guarantee - to be sure of something
12- Pace - The rate of speed of an activity 13- local companies - Business that operates only in the country where you live. 14- Expands - To increase the size or growing. 15- Offend - to irritate, annoy, or anger; cause resentful displeasure 16- tend to - to be wanting to do something. 17- Content - Material including text and images 18- Region - An area of interest or activity 19- Reputable - Trustable 20- For one thing - One reason for 21- Approximately - Nearly 22- Audience - the group of listeners or viewers in( a theater ) 23- disabilities - a physical or mental problems that prevents someone to have
, normal life 24- colossal - extraordinarily great in size, 25- rehears - practice 26- immense - extremely large or great Compound words:- Examples
1. Mother tongue. : - My mother tongue is Arabic.
2. Cultural diversity. : - Immigrants bring cultural diversity to a country.
3. Credit card details. : - Never let other people see your credit card details.
4. Access the Internet. : - It is possible to access the Internet from our mobile phones.
5. Professional use. : - A new software is available for professional use.
6. World markets. : -There is global increasing in the world market. Ways of communications :-
Yell :- To shout and make aloud voice with the sound .
Weep : - To cry and shed tears.
Whisper :- The act of speaking in quiet voice without vibrating the vocal cords.
Giggle :- To laugh in silly way.
Yawn :- To open mouth widely and take a long breath often because one is tired.
Clap :- The act of striking the palm of the two hands together.
Whistle :-To make the sound of swallow using mouth.
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 2
Means of communications
1. Letter Write Letters; receive letters; send letters; answer letters; address
letters. 2. Phone call answer a phone, receive a phone, call make a phone call 3. Fax send a fax; receive a fax; answer a fax 4. Text message send a text message; receive a text message; type a text
message; answer a text message. 5. Note Write a note; send a note; receive a note; answer a note. 6. Face to face Communicate face to face; talk face to face. 7. e-mail Type an email; send an email ; receive an email ; answer an email. 8. personal Belonging to a particular person. 9. impersonal Not referring to any particular person. 10. efficient Able to work well without making mistakes. 11. inefficient Not working well. 12. economical costing less line, money 13. costly Costing a lot of money. 14. formal Anything used when you want to appear 15. Informal Not formal. 16. reliable That you can trust.
Aspects of language
Body language. - First language
Native speaker. - Regional accent.
Official language. - Mother tongue.
Small talk. - Figure of speech Confusing words :-
Tell
Tell the difference Say
say a word
Tell people what to do don’t say a word
Tell truth Say you’re sorry
Talk
talk non-stop Speak
speak your mind
talk business
Fixed Phrases and idioms :-
Idiom Meaning
Out of touch with something Not informed about something.
Out of touch with someone No longer in communication with someone.
Get hold of To communicate with, as by telephone.
Lose contact with someone To lose communication with someone.
Lose touch with Cannot contact with others.
Hold the line To wait on the phone for a while.
Come into touch with to keep informed about someone
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 3
Preposition:-
1) Hear from 2) Smile at 3) Shout at/to 4) Chat to I with
5) Bump into :- meet
6) Wave at :- to move an upraised hand.
7) Connect with :- to form an association with someone or a group.
8) Glare at :- to look at someone with angry stare.
9) Wink at somebody :- to close one eye at a person as a sign of friendliness.
10) Whisper to 11) write a letter to
11) shake hands with 12) make an appointment with
12) communicate with 13) have a meeting with Phrasal verbs :-
Phrasal verbs :- Meaning
1. switch sth off Stop sth working (for electrical devices engine ,etc).
2. put sb through Connect by phone.
3. hang on Wait for a short while.
4. run out Have no more of sth left.
5. cut off Disconnected.
6. get through Finish (a piece of work).
7. call sb back Telephone again in return for a phone call.
8. hang up End a telephone conversation.
Choose the correct word(s) between brackets
1- I …………….him a quick note, and left it on the table.
a- received b- sent c-wrote d-answered
2- There’s no need to ……….! We can all hear you very well.
a- whistle b-whisper c-yawn d-yell
3- The prime minister delivered his…………. in German.
a- speech b- talk c- tongue d- accent
4- He speaks five European languages, but his mother ………is Japanees.
a- speech b- language c- tongue d- talk
5- They were very ….when their son turned up from Australia for their 50th wedding
anniversary.
a- surprised b- uncertain c- impatient d- disappointed
6- She doesn’t like to keep anything hidden: she always …………..her mind.
a- talks b- speaks c- tells d- says
7- It’s impossible to get ……………..of him! He’s never there!
a-feel b- contact c- hold d- touch
8- I think it’s polite to shake hands….. someone when you meet them for the first time.
a- with b- at c-for d-from
9- We passed him in the car the other day, and he waved …………us from street.
a-into b-from c-for d-at
10- I’m afraid Mr Logon isn’t in the office today, but I can ……you through to his
secretary.
a- put b- get c- switch d- run
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 4
11-Paula is in a meeting at the moment, but I’ll ask her to ………..you back as soon as
it’s over.
a- hang b- get c- call d-put
12- Malcom, I want to introduce you……….. my uncle from America.
a- at b-into c-for d- to
13- We were chatting away on the phone when suddenly we got ……….off.
a- Hung b- called c- put d- cut
14- He’s a very bossy child: he’s always t……..he other children what to do.
a- talking b- saying c- telling d- speaking
15- The teacher glared………. the children who were not paying attention.
a-to b-with c-at d-for
16- I didn’t mean to upset her. It was just a figure of……………
a-accent b- talk c- speech d- language
17- I’ve been trying to phone him for ages, but I just can’t ………..through!
a-get b-put c- cut d- call
18- Please don’t shout …………..me! I didn’t mean to break the fax machine.
a-out b- off c- away d-at
19- Good morning, Mr. Smith’s office….. the line please and I’ll check if Mr Smith is in.
a-hold b- contact c- connect d- catch
20- He sent his application…………….. fax.
a-on b- by c- in d- with
21- Lots of people from different countries in one place can create cultural…………..
a- Difference b- expansion c- diversity d- adaption
22- Can you………. the internet every day?
a- access b- adapt c- conduct d- link
23-The …………..of new smart phones are countless. No one can do without them.
a- details b- specifications c-fields d-- benefits
24-Many living organisms can …………..to the weather change.
a-adopt b-adapt c-pace d- expand)
25-Cutting down rainforests is considered a……… to the life of some species of animals.
a-challenge b- threat c- limit d- reduction
26-You have to wear …………..clothes when you go to an interview.
a-formal b- informal c- costly d- casual
27-I can’t buy that mobile phone. It’s……………….
a-reliable b-formal c- costly d-complicated
28-When she speaks, she ………..because she doesn’t want anyone to hear her.
a-yells b- giggles c- whistles d- whispers
29-It seems that he wants to sleep. He is ………….
a-yelling b- yawning c-whistling d- clapping
30-You can depend on her. She is…………….
a-dependable b- reliable c- complicated d- unreliable
31-It’s rude to……………… while other people are speaking.
a-talk b-follow c- giggle d- weep
32-I don’t think you can solve the problem. It’s ……………
a-informal b- costly c- unreliable d- complicated
33-Arabic is the ………….language in Arab countries.
a-official b- reliable c- regional d- body
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 5
34-Don’t………. a word. I know everything.
a-tell b-say c- talk d- speak
35-She can’t …………the difference between a donkey and a horse.
a-say b- talk c- speak d- tell
36-Don’t let others influence you ………………your mind.
a-Speak b- Tell c - Say d- Talk
37-I don’t know why he …………..nonstop. I wish he stopped.
a-says b-tell c-speaks d-talks
38- I`m a little out of ……………with some aspects of new technology.
a-touch b- hold c- contact b- link
39-Don’t lose ………..with any of your friends or relatives.
a-touch b- link c- connect d- hold
40-I don’t know why she is glaring ………..me.
a-to b-on c-with d-at
Grammar in use Study pages 196, 197 and 198 in your student book. The indefinite article a/an and the
1-Choose the correct word(s) between brackets 1) I want to buy…………. present for a friend but I don’t know what to get him.
(an — a — the — no article)
2) I don’t think this tie would appeal to him as he doesn’t like………….ties
(a—an —the—no article)
3) Well, it’s……….. expensive watch. It costs L.E 800.
(an — no article — the — a)
4) I like to buy my brother a walkman. That’s……………… unusual gift.
(a — an — the — none of them)
5) Have you got ……………pocket flashlight that you could lend me?
(a — an — the — no article)
6) What happened to ………………flashlight you bought last week?
(a — the — an — no article)
7) I watch………………. TV everyday.
(the — a — an — no article)
8) …………….Asia is the biggest continent in the world.
(A — The —An — no article)
9) He killed his wife and was sent to …………..prison.
(a—the—no article—an)
10) ………………Nile is the longest river in the world.
(A— The —An—no article)
11) I am cooking……….. dinner now.
(no article — the — a — an)
12) ………….Mediterranean Sea has a very serious pollution problem.
(A—An— The—no article)
13) Did you know that Anne is learning how to play…………. flute?
(a — an — the — no article)
14) Did you see ……………. boy who we helped yesterday?
(a — an — the — no article)
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 6
15) Have you ever climbed ………………Mount Everest?
(no article — the — an— a)
16) I am going to ……………….Vision Cinema with Mohab.
(an — the — no article — a)
17) ………………best subject at school this year is science.
(An —No article—The—A)
18 This earthquake happened somewhere in ……………..USA.
(a — no article — the — an)
19) Many people were injured and taken to………… hospital.
(the an — no article — a)
20-Students at this school must wear…………. uniforms.
(no article—the--an--a)
21) Milan is in ……………..north of Italy.
(the — a — no article — an)
22) How long is ………………………..Nile?
(the—a—no article—an)
23)………………. Everest was first climbed in 1953.
(The—A--no article —An)
24) Attempts have been made to straight …………….learning Tower of Pisa.
(the — a — no article — an)
Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) between brackets 1- Young people should care for their old parents. (The)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- He was imprisoned for murder. (prison)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- We must give a hand to people who are sick. (the)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4- I asked the doctor to advise me how to get slim. (advice)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
5- As you study more, you will get more marks. (The)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Countable and uncountable nouns Quantifiers
1-Choose the correct word(s) between brackets 1- You’ve got ……………..milk today.
a- any b- many c-few d- some
2- Did they spend ……………….time watching TV?
a- some b- many c- any d-few
3- How ………………….paper did you use?
a- Many b- much c- little d-few
4- How …………….flights a day are there to Dubai?
a- Many b-much c-few d-a lot
5- Do you have ………..money on you?
a- many b- much c- a lot d-few
6- He hasn’t bought………… fruit.
a- many b- any c- a lot d-few
7- They aren’t going to build……….. offices by the river.
a- Many b-much c-a lot d-few
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 7
8- He didn’t take ………………time to get the work done.
a- many b- much c- a lo d- few
9- How ………………films have you seen this year?
a-many b- much c- a lot d-few
10- Don’t spend ………….days there. It’s isn’t very interesting.
a- Much b-a lot c-few d-many
11- Samy bought his mother………….. present for her birthday.
a- some b- any c- no article d-a
12- ………..parking is a problem in all major cities.
a- A b- The c- Some d- No article
13- I’d like to ask you………………. questions.
\ a - a b-some c- a lot d- any
14- I had fish for ……………lunch.
a-a b- the c- no article d- some
15- There were a lot of people at the music shop and they…….. wanted concert tickets.
a- All b- both c- none d- neither
16-…………..John nor Jane likes going to the supermarket.
a- Neither b- Either c- Neither d- Both
17-They looked in all the shops, but ………..of them had what they wanted.
a-neither b- none c- all d- either
18-I think I’ll buy …………the red T-shirt and the green T-shirt.
a- both b- either c- neither d- all
19-Olivia didn’t like…………. of the two dresses.
a-Both b- all c- neither d- either
20-They wanted to go shopping, but they only had ………….time.
a-a few b- many c- either d- a little
21-We were………….. tired after spending all day at the shops.
a- All b- none c- neither d- either
22-Could you get me ………..soda water from the supermarket?
a- a little b- a few c- many d- a lot
23-My friend said that …………..of the dresses suited me so I didn’t buy
a- both b- neither c- either d- all
25-Sally has been looking at houses all week, but……. of them has been the right price .
a-none b- either c- all d- both
26-I`m going to buy…………… the blue T-shirt or the red one.
a-neither b- both c- all d- either
27- I’m the tallest person in my family …………of them is taller than me.
a-both b- all c- some d- none
28- There are a lot of people in my town ……….of them are rich and other are poor.
a-both b- all c- some d- none
29-………….. Ahmed and Au are clever.
a-But b-Also c-Both d-Neither
30- He will …………..go to the club or visit his aunt.
a-neithe b- both c- either d- not only)
31- He doesn’t study hard ……………do his homework well.
a-but b- nor c- or d- and
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 8
Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) m brackets 1. John was very tall. He was very strong. (both)
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Ahmed plays tennis. Ahmed plays basketball. (both)
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. He doesn’t speak English. He doesn’t read English. (neither)
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. It doesn’t matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card. (You can pay)
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Spain has a very warm climate. It has some very good beaches. (both …and)
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She cooked the meal and she did her homework. (both)
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. It doesn’t matter whether you buy ice cream or a cool drink. (either ... or)
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. She didn’t clean the house or visited her aunt. (neither… nor)
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. Dogs are clever animals. (The………)
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. You can choose between chicken and fish for lunch. (either)
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. The menu didn’t include any of the salads I like. (none)
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. I’m afraid that we have no lamp chops left. (all)
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. I know that chocolate is unhealthy and I know that burgers are, too. (both)
……………………………………………………………………………………
Too Enough
1-Choose the correct word(s) between brackets 1) My mum can’t sleep because she drinks…………… much coffee.
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
2) She isn’t old ………………..to start driving.
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
3) I can’t work today. It’s………………. hot.
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
4) I’d like to buy those shoes, but they are……………… expensive.
a-so b-enough c-tow d-very
5) We need another ladder. This one isn’t long……………..
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
6) I can’t do this exercise because it’s…………………… difficult.
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
7) Nobody bought my bike because it’s…………………… old.
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
8) We had to change rooms because our room wasn’t big…………….
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
9) Adam didn’t win the race because his car wasn’t fast…………….
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
Lcyee Horreya First secondary stage 9
10) Don’t play near the railway line. It’s …………….dangerous
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
11-Pam couldn’t reach the top shelf because she wasn’t tall……………
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
12-I’m sorry, but your work isn’t good……………….
a-so b- enough c- too d- very
Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) m brackets 1)Allan is very young. He can’t drive the car. (too)
……………………………………………………………………………………
2)The weather is warm. We can play golf. (enough)
……………………………………………………………………………………
3) It’s windy .We can’t sail. (too)
……………………………………………………………………………………
4) The hill is very high. We can’t climb it. (too)
……………………………………………………………………………………
5) The weather is hot. We can sunbathe. (enough)
……………………………………………………………………………………
6) The sea is very smooth. We can swim. (enough)
……………………………………………………………………………………
7) I’m very sleepy. 1 can’t drive. (too)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Mr. Ford is very rich. He can buy a plane. (enough)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
9)My marks are low. I can’t pass the class. (too)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
