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DRV832X
Gate Driver
VIN
CSD88599
CSD88599
CSD88599Motor
VM
GH_A
GL_A
GH_B
GL_B
GH_C
GL_C
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
RMS Phase Current (A)
Pow
er L
oss
(W)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
D000
VIN = 36 VVDD = 10 VD.C. = 50%L = 480 PHfSW = 20 kHzTA = 25qC
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
GH
SH
GL
PGND
VSW
VIN
GH
SH
VSW
GL
PGND
VIN
NC
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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
CSD88599Q5DCSLPS597C –APRIL 2017–REVISED APRIL 2018
CSD88599Q5DC 60-V Half-Bridge NexFET™ Power Block
1
1 Features1• Half-Bridge Power Block• High-Density SON 5-mm × 6-mm Footprint• Low RDS(ON) for Minimized Conduction Losses
– 3.0-W PLoss at 30 A• DualCool™ Thermally Enhanced Package• Ultra-Low-Inductance Package• RoHS Compliant• Halogen Free• Lead-Free Terminal Plating
2 Applications• Three-Phase Bridge for Brushless DC Motor
Control• Up to 12s Battery Power Tools• Other Half and Full Bridge Topologies
Power Block Schematic
3 DescriptionThe CSD88599Q5DC 60-V power block is anoptimized design for high-current motor controlapplications, such as handheld, cordless garden andpower tools. This device utilizes TI's stacked dietechnology in order to minimize parasitic inductanceswhile offering a complete half bridge in a spacesaving thermally enhanced DualCool™ 5-mm × 6-mmpackage. With an exposed metal top, this powerblock device allows for simple heat sink application todraw heat out through the top of the package andaway from the PCB, for superior thermal performanceat the higher currents demanded by many motorcontrol applications.
Bottom View Top View
Device InformationDEVICE QTY MEDIA PACKAGE SHIP
CSD88599Q5DC 2500 13-Inch Reel SON5.00-mm × 6.00-mm
Plastic Package
TapeandReelCSD88599Q5DCT 250 7-Inch Reel
Typical Circuit Power Loss vs Output Current
2
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Table of Contents1 Features .................................................................. 12 Applications ........................................................... 13 Description ............................................................. 14 Revision History..................................................... 25 Specifications......................................................... 3
5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 35.2 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 35.3 Power Block Performance ........................................ 35.4 Thermal Information .................................................. 45.5 Electrical Characteristics........................................... 45.6 Typical Power Block Device Characteristics............. 65.7 Typical Power Block MOSFET Characteristics......... 7
6 Application and Implementation .......................... 96.1 Application Information.............................................. 96.2 Brushless DC Motor With Trapezoidal Control ....... 106.3 Power Loss Curves................................................. 126.4 Safe Operating Area (SOA) Curve.......................... 136.5 Normalized Power Loss Curves.............................. 13
6.6 Design Example – Regulate Current to Maintain SafeOperation ................................................................. 13
6.7 Design Example – Regulate Board and CaseTemperature to Maintain Safe Operation ................ 14
7 Layout ................................................................... 167.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................... 167.2 Layout Example ...................................................... 18
8 Device and Documentation Support.................. 198.1 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates.. 198.2 Community Resources............................................ 198.3 Trademarks ............................................................. 198.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution.............................. 198.5 Glossary .................................................................. 19
9 Mechanical, Packaging, and OrderableInformation ........................................................... 209.1 Q5DC Package Dimensions ................................... 209.2 Land Pattern Recommendation .............................. 219.3 Stencil Recommendation ........................................ 22
4 Revision History
Changes from Revision B (January 2018) to Revision C Page
• Corrected Figure 20 to show 40-A maximum....................................................................................................................... 13• Corrected Figure 21 to show 40-A maximum....................................................................................................................... 14
Changes from Revision A (May 2017) to Revision B Page
• Updated mechanical drawing ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Changes from Original (April 2017) to Revision A Page
• Updated Typical Circuit drawing............................................................................................................................................. 1• Changed the copper thickness to 2-oz in Typical Power Block Device Characteristics conditions ....................................... 6• Changed the copper thickness to 2-oz in Safe Operating Area (SOA) Curve paragraph.................................................... 13
3
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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratingsonly, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended OperatingConditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) Single FET conduction, max RθJC = 1.1°C/W, pulse duration ≤ 100 μs, single pulse.
5 Specifications
5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
TJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNIT
Voltage
VIN to PGND –0.8 60
VVSW to PGND –0.3 60GH to SH –20 20GL to PGND –20 20
Pulsed current rating, IDM(2) 400 A
Power dissipation, PD 12 W
Avalanche energy, EASHigh-side FET, ID = 95 A, L = 0.1 mH 448
mJLow-side FET, ID = 95 A, L = 0.1 mH 448
Operating junction temperature, TJ –55 150 °CStorage temperature, Tstg –55 150 °C
(1) Up to 42-V input use one capacitor per phase, MLCC 10 nF, 100 V, X7S, 0402, PN: C1005X7S2A103K050BB from VIN to GND return.Between 42-V to 54-V input operation, add RC switch-node snubber as described in the Electrical Performance section of this datasheet.
5.2 Recommended Operating ConditionsTJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITVDD Gate drive voltage 4.5 16 VVIN Input supply voltage (1) 54 VƒSW Switching frequency CBST = 0.1 µF (min) 5 50 kHzIOUT RMS motor winding current 40 ATJ Operating temperature 125 °C
(1) Measurement made with eight 10-µF 50-V ±10% X5R (TDK C3225X5R1H106K250AB or equivalent) ceramic capacitors placed acrossVIN to PGND pins and using UCC27210DDAR 100-V, 4-A driver IC.
5.3 Power Block PerformanceTJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
PLOSS Power loss (1)
VIN = 36 V, VDD = 10 V,IOUT = 30 A, ƒSW = 20 kHz,TJ = 25°C, duty cycle = 50%,L = 480 µH
3.0 W
PLOSS Power loss
VIN = 36 V, VDD = 10 V,IOUT = 30 A, ƒSW = 20 kHz,TJ = 125°C, duty cycle = 50%,L = 480 µH
3.4 W
4
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(1) RθJC is determined with the device mounted on a 1-in2 (6.45-cm2), 2-oz (0.071-mm) thick Cu pad on a 1.5-in × 1.5-in(3.81-cm × 3.81-cm), 0.06-in (1.52-mm) thick FR4 board. RθJC is specified by design while RθJA is determined by the user’s boarddesign.
(2) Device mounted on FR4 material with 1-in2 (6.45-cm2) Cu.
5.4 Thermal InformationTJ = 25°C (unless otherwise stated)
THERMAL METRIC MIN TYP MAX UNIT
RθJAJunction-to-ambient thermal resistance (min Cu) (1) 125
°C/WJunction-to-ambient thermal resistance (max Cu) (1) (2) 50
RθJCJunction-to-case thermal resistance (top of package) (1) 2.1
°C/WJunction-to-case thermal resistance (VIN pin) (1) 1.1
5.5 Electrical CharacteristicsTJ = 25°C (unless otherwise stated)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITSTATIC CHARACTERISTICSBVDSS Drain-to-source voltage VGS = 0 V, IDS = 250 µA 60 VIDSS Drain-to-source leakage current VGS = 0 V, VDS = 48 V 1 µAIGSS Gate-to-source leakage current VDS = 0 V, VGS = 20 V 100 nAVGS(th) Gate-to-source threshold voltage VDS = VGS, IDS = 250 µA 1.4 2.0 2.5 V
RDS(on) Drain-to-source on-resistanceVGS = 4.5 V, IDS = 30 A 2.5 3.3
mΩVGS = 10 V, IDS = 30 A 1.7 2.1
gfs Transconductance VDS = 6 V, IDS = 30 A 130 SDYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICSCISS Input capacitance
VGS = 0V, VDS = 30 V,ƒ = 1 MHz
3720 4840 pFCOSS Output capacitance 670 870 pFCRSS Reverse transfer capacitance 12 16 pFRG Series gate resistance 0.9 1.8 Ω
Qg Gate charge total (4.5 V)
VDS = 30 V,IDS = 30 A
21 27 nCQg Gate charge total (10 V) 43 56 nCQgd Gate charge gate-to-drain 7.0 nCQgs Gate charge gate-to-source 10.1 nCQg(th) Gate charge at Vth 6.3 nCQOSS Output charge VDS = 30 V, VGS = 0 V 100 nCtd(on) Turnon delay time
VDS = 30 V, VGS = 10 V,IDS = 30 A, RG = 0 Ω
9 nstr Rise time 20 nstd(off) Turnoff delay time 23 nstf Fall time 3 nsDIODE CHARACTERISTICSVSD Diode forward voltage IDS = 30 A, VGS = 0 V 0.8 1.0 VQrr Reverse recovery charge VDS = 30 V, IF = 30 A,
di/dt = 300 A/µs172 nC
trr Reverse recovery time 36 ns
5
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Max RθJA = 50°C/Wwhen mounted on 1 in2
(6.45 cm2) of 2-oz(0.071-mm) thick Cu.
Max RθJA = 125°C/Wwhen mounted onminimum pad area of2-oz (0.071-mm) thickCu.
Input Voltage (V)
Pow
er L
oss,
Nor
mal
ized
SO
A T
empe
ratu
re A
dj. (qC
)
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500.9 -0.7
0.925 -0.5
0.95 -0.3
0.975 -0.2
1 0.0
1.025 0.2
1.05 0.3
1.075 0.5
D007Duty Cycle (%)
Pow
er L
oss,
Nor
mal
ized
SO
A T
empe
ratu
re A
dj. (qC
)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000.95 -0.3
1 0.0
1.05 0.3
1.1 0.7
1.15 1.0
1.2 1.4
D009
Switching Frequency (kHz)
Pow
er L
oss,
Nor
mal
ized
SO
A T
empe
ratu
re A
dj. (qC
)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500.8 -1.4
0.9 -0.7
1 0.0
1.1 0.7
1.2 1.4
1.3 2.1
1.4 2.7
D006Board Temperature (qC)
Top Case Temperature (qC)
Out
put C
urre
nt (
A)
100
100
104
104
108
108
112
112
116
116
120
120
124
124
128
128
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
D005
TX
Junction Temperature (qC)
Pow
er L
oss,
Nor
mal
ized
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 1500.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
D002Output Current (A)
Pow
er L
oss
(W)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D001
TypicalMax
6
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5.6 Typical Power Block Device CharacteristicsThe typical power block system characteristic curves (Figure 1 through Figure 6) are based on measurements made on aPCB design with dimensions of 4 in (W) × 3.5 in (L) × 0.062 in (H) and 6 copper layers of 2-oz copper thickness. SeeApplication and Implementation section for detailed explanation. TJ = 125°C, unless stated otherwise.
VIN = 36 V VDD = 10 V D.C. = 50%ƒSW = 20 kHz L = 480 µH
Figure 1. Power Loss vs Output Current
VIN = 36 V VDD = 10 V D.C. = 50%ƒSW = 20 kHz L = 480 µH IOUT = 40 A
Figure 2. Power Loss vs Temperature
VIN = 36 V VDD = 10 V D.C. = 50%ƒSW = 20 kHz L = 480 µH
Figure 3. Typical Safe Operating Area
VIN = 36 V VDD = 10 V IOUT = 40 AL = 480 µH D.C. = 50%
Figure 4. Normalized Power Loss vs Switching Frequency
D.C. = 50% VDD = 10 V IOUT = 40 AƒSW = 20 kHz L = 480 µH
Figure 5. Normalized Power Loss vs Input Voltage
VIN = 36 V VDD = 10 VƒSW = 20 kHz L = 480 µH
Figure 6. Normalized Power Loss vs Duty Cycle
TC - Case Temperature (° C)
VG
S(t
h) -
Thr
esho
ld V
olta
ge (
V)
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 1750.95
1.15
1.35
1.55
1.75
1.95
2.15
2.35
2.55
D018VDS - Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)
C -
Cap
acita
nce
(pF
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 601
10
100
1000
10000
D016
Ciss = Cgd + CgsCoss = Cds + CgdCrss = Cgd
VGS - Gate-to-Source Voltage (V)
I DS -
Dra
in-t
o-S
ourc
e C
urre
nt (
A)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.50.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
D012
TC = 125° CTC = 25° CTC = -55° C
Qg - Gate Charge (nC)
VG
S -
Gat
e-to
-Sou
rce
Vol
tage
(V
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D014
Duration (s)
Sin
gle
Pul
se C
urre
nt (
A)
1E-5 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 10
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
VDS - Drain-to-Source Voltage (V)
I DS -
Dra
in-t
o-S
ourc
e C
urre
nt (
A)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
D010
VGS = 4.5 VVGS = 8 VVGS = 10 V
7
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5.7 Typical Power Block MOSFET CharacteristicsTJ = 25°C, unless stated otherwise.
Max RθJA = 125°C/W
Figure 7. Single Pulse Current vs Pulse Duration Figure 8. MOSFET Saturation Characteristics
VDS = 5 V
Figure 9. MOSFET Transfer Characteristics
ID = 30 A VDS = 30 V
Figure 10. MOSFET Gate Charge
Figure 11. MOSFET Capacitance
ID = 250 µA
Figure 12. Threshold Voltage vs Temperature
VSD - Source-to-Drain Voltage (V)
I SD -
Sou
rce-
to-D
rain
Cur
rent
(A
)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
D024
TC = 25° CTC = 125° C
TAV - Time in Avalanche (ms)
I AV -
Pea
k A
vala
nche
Cur
rent
(A
)
0.01 0.1 11
10
100
1000
D026
TC = 25q CTC = 125q C
VGS - Gate-to-Source Voltage (V)
RD
S(o
n) -
On-
Sta
te R
esis
tanc
e (m:
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D020
TC = 25° CTC = 125° C
TC - Case Temperature (° C)
Nor
mal
ized
On-
Sta
te R
esis
tanc
e
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 1750.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
D022
VGS = 4.5 VVGS = 10 V
8
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Typical Power Block MOSFET Characteristics (continued)TJ = 25°C, unless stated otherwise.
ID = 30 A
Figure 13. MOSFET RDS(on) vs VGS
ID = 30 A VDS = 30 V
Figure 14. MOSFET Normalized RDS(on) vs Temperature
Figure 15. MOSFET Body Diode Forward Voltage Figure 16. MOSFET Single Pulse Unclamped InductiveSwitching
9
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6 Application and Implementation
NOTEInformation in the following Application section is not part of the TI componentspecification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI customers areresponsible for determining suitability of components selection for their designs.Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm systemfunctionality.
6.1 Application InformationHistorically, battery powered tools have favored brushed DC configurations to spin their primary motors, but morerecently, the advantages offered by brushless DC operation (BLDC) operation have brought about the advent ofpopular designs that favor the latter. Those advantages include, but are not limited to higher efficiency andtherefore longer battery life, superior reliability, greater peak torque capability, and smooth operation over a widerrange of speeds. However, BLDC designs put increased demand for higher power density and current handlingcapabilities on the power stage responsible for driving the motor.
The CSD88599Q5DC is part of TI’s power block product family and is a highly optimized product designedexplicitly for the purpose driving higher current DC motors in power and gardening tools. It incorporates TI’slatest generation silicon which has been optimized for low resistance to minimize conduction losses and offerexcellent thermal performance. The power block utilizes TI’s stacked die technology to offer one complete halfbridge vertically integrated into a single 5-mm × 6-mm package with a DualCool exposed metal case. Thisfeature allows the designer to apply a heatsink to the top of the package and pull heat away from the PCB, thusmaximizing the power density while reducing the power stage footprint by up to 50%.
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
GH1
GH2
GL1
SH1
GL2
SH2
SH3
GH3
Gate Driver
Three Phase
GL3VCS
0
Rcs1
SPA
0
Rcs3
SPCSPA
SPC
SPB
Q1
0
Q4
Vin
GH1
GL1
SH1
PGND
Vin
Vsw1
0
Q2
Q5
SH2
GH2
Vin
GL2
Vsw2
PGND
Q3
Q6
GH3
GL3
SH3
Vsw3
PGND
VinPB3PB2PB1
DRV8323RX
Rcs2
N
SPEED SET
TORQUE SET
MICROCONTROLLER
SPB
PWM1
SensorsHallU
PWM2
V
PWM4
PWM3
WS
PWM6
PWM5
B
A
C
C
B
A
InputsHall
10
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6.2 Brushless DC Motor With Trapezoidal ControlThe trapezoidal commutation control is simple and has fewer switching losses compared to sinusoidal control.
Figure 17. Functional Block Diagram
The block diagram shown in Figure 17 offers a simple instruction of what is required to drive a BLDC motor: onemicrocontroller, one three-phase driver IC, three power blocks (historically six power MOSFETs) and three Halleffect sensors. The microcontroller responsible for block commutation must always know the rotor orientation orits position relative to the stator coils. This is easy achieved with a brushed DC motor due to the fixed geometryand position of the rotor windings, shaft and commutator.
A three-phase BLDC motor requires three Hall effect sensors or a rotary encoder to detect the rotor position inrelation to stator armature windings. With input from these three Hall effect sensors output signals, themicrocontroller can determine the proper commutation sequence. The three Hall sensors named A, B, and C aremounted on the stator core at 120° intervals and the stator phase windings are implemented in a starconfiguration. For every 60° of motor rotation, one Hall sensor changes its state. Based on the Hall sensors'output code, at the end of each block commutation interval the ampere conductors are commutated to the nextposition. There are 6 steps required to complete a full electrical cycle. The number of block commutation cyclesto complete a full mechanical rotation is determined by the number of rotor pole pairs.
0
0
1 1 01 0 01 0 1 0 1 10 1 0c o d eH a l l
0 0 1
i _ U
0
i _ W
i _ V
11
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Brushless DC Motor With Trapezoidal Control (continued)
Figure 18. Winding Current Waveforms on a BLDC Motor
Figure 18 above shows the three phase motor winding currents i_U, i_V, and i_W when running at 100% dutycycle.
Trapezoidal commutation control offers the following advantages:• Only two windings in series carry the phase winding current at any time while the third winding is open.• Only one current sensor is necessary for all three windings U, V, and W.• The position of the current sensor allows the use of low-cost shunt resistors.
However, trapezoidal commutation control has the disadvantage of commutation torque ripple. The current senseon a three-phase inverter can be configured to use a single-shunt or three different sense resistors. For costsensitive applications targeting sensorless control, the three Hall effect sensors can be replaced with BEMFvoltage feedback dividers.
To obtain faster motor rotations and higher revolutions per minute (RPM), shorter periods and higher VIN voltageare necessary. Contrarily, to reduce the rotational speed of the motor, it is necessary to lower the RMS voltageapplied across stator windings. This can easily be easily achieved by modulating the duty cycle, while maintain aconstant switching frequency. Frequency for the three-phase inverter chosen is usually low between 10 kHz to50 kHz to reduce winding losses and to avoid audible noise.
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U
GH1
Vin
GL1
SH1
Vsw1
PGND
SH2
GH2
Vin
GL2
Vsw2
PGND
W
GH3
GL3
SH3
Vsw3
PGND
VinPB3PB2PB1
DCR
0
Vin
0 0 00
Lout
00 0
PWM AVERAGING
CIRCUIT
GATEDRIVER
U1A
1 2
Vdd
0
V
Iout
Vsw_AVG
Iin_SHUNT
Cin2
0
Cin1
0
Idd_SHUNT
HI
AVERAGE
LI
SWITCH NODE
0
LOAD
Vdd
0
12
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6.3 Power Loss CurvesCSD88599Q5DC was designed to operate up to 10-cell Li-Ion battery voltage applications ranging from 30 V to42 V, typical 36 V. For 11 and 12s, input voltages between 42 V to 54 V, RC snubbers are required for eachswitch-node U, V, and W. To reduce ringing, refer to the Electrical Performance section. In an effort to simplifythe design process, Texas Instruments has provided measured power loss performance curves over a variety oftypical conditions.
Figure 1 plots the CSD88599Q5DC power loss as a function of load current. The measured power loss includesboth input conversion loss and gate drive loss.
Equation 1 is used to generate the power loss curve:Power loss (W) = (VIN × IIN_SHUNT) + (VDD × IDD_SHUNT) – (VSW_AVG × IOUT) (1)
The power loss measurements were made on the circuit shown in Figure 19. Power block devices for legs U andV, PB1 and PB2 were disabled by shorting the CSD88599Q5DC high-side and low-side FETs' gate-to-sourceterminals. Current shunt Iin_SHUNT provides input current and Idd_SHUNT provides driver supply currentmeasurements. The winding current is measured from the DC load. An averaging circuit provides switch node Wequivalent RMS voltage.
Figure 19. Power Loss Test Circuit
The RMS current on the CSD88599Q5DC device depends on the motor winding current. For trapezoidal control,the MOSFET RMS current is calculated using Equation 2.
IRMS = IOUT × √2 (2)
Taking into consideration system tolerances with the current measurement scheme, the inverter design needs towithstand a 20% overload current.
Table 1. RMS and Overload Current CalculationsWinding RMS Current (A) CSD88599Q5DC IRMS (A) Overload 20% × IRMS (A)
20 28 3430 42 5140 56 68
13
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6.4 Safe Operating Area (SOA) CurveThe SOA curve in Figure 3 provides guidance on the temperature boundaries within an operating system byincorporating the thermal resistance and system power loss. This curve outlines the board and casetemperatures required for a given load current. The area under the curve dictates the safe operating area. Thiscurve is based on measurements made on a PCB design with dimensions of 4 in (W) × 3.5 in (L) × 0.062 in (H)and 6 copper layers of 2-oz copper thickness.
6.5 Normalized Power Loss CurvesThe normalized curves in the CSD88599Q5DC data sheet provide guidance on the power loss and SOAadjustments based on application specific needs. These curves show how the power loss and SOA temperatureboundaries will adjust for different operation conditions. The primary Y-axis is the normalized change in powerloss while the secondary Y-axis is the change in system temperature required in order to comply with the SOAcurve. The change in power loss is a multiplier for the typical power loss. The change in SOA temperature issubtracted from the SOA curve.
6.6 Design Example – Regulate Current to Maintain Safe OperationIf the case and board temperature of the power block are known, the SOA can be used to determine themaximum allowed current that will maintain operation within the safe operating area of the device. The followingprocedure outlines how to determine the RMS current limit while maintaining operation within the confines of theSOA, assuming the temperatures of the top of the package and PCB directly underneath the part are known.1. Start at the maximum current of the device on the Y-axis and draw a line from this point at the known top
case temperature to the known PCB temperature.2. Observe where this point intersects the TX line.3. At this intersection with the TX line, draw vertical line until you hit the SOA current limit. This intercept is the
maximum allowed current at the corresponding power block PCB and case temperatures.
In the example below, we show how to achieve this for the temperatures TC = 124°C and TB = 120°C. First wedraw from 40 A on the Y-axis at 124°C to 120°C on the X-axis. Then, we draw a line up from where this linecrosses the TX line to see that this line intercepts the SOA at 34 A. Thus we can assume if we are measuring aPCB temperature of 124°C, and a top case temperature of 120°C, the power block can handle 34-A RMS, at thenormalized conditions. At conditions that differ from those in Figure 1, the user may be required to make an SOAtemperature adjustment on the TX line, as shown in the next section.
Figure 20. Regulating Current to Maintain Safe Operation
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6.7 Design Example – Regulate Board and Case Temperature to Maintain Safe OperationIn the previous example we showed how given the PCB and case temperature, the current of the power blockcould be limited to ensure operation within the SOA. Conversely, if the current and other application conditionsare known, one can determine from the SOA what board or case temperature the user will need to limit theirdesign to. The user can estimate product loss and SOA boundaries by arithmetic means (see OperatingConditions section). Though the power loss and SOA curves in this data sheet are taken for a specific set of testconditions, the following procedure outlines the steps the user should take to predict product performance for anyset of system conditions.
6.7.1 Operating Conditions• Winding output current (IOUT) = 30 A• Input voltage (VIN) = 42 V• Switching frequency (FSW) = 40 kHz• Duty cycle (D.C.) = 95%
6.7.2 Calculating Power Loss• Power loss at 30 A ≈ 3.4 W (Figure 1)• Normalized power loss for switching frequency ≈ 1.19 (Figure 4)• Normalized power loss for input voltage ≈ 1.03 (Figure 5)• Normalized power loss for duty cycle ≈ 1.12 (Figure 6)• Final calculated power loss = 3.4 W × 1.19 × 1.03 × 1.12 ≈ 4.7 W
6.7.3 Calculating SOA Adjustments• SOA adjustment for switching frequency ≈ 1.3°C (Figure 4)• SOA adjustment for input voltage ≈ 0.1°C (Figure 5)• SOA adjustment for duty cycle ≈ 0.7°C (Figure 6)• Final calculated SOA adjustment = 1.3 + 0.1 + 0.7 ≈ 2.1°CIn the Design Example – Regulate Current to Maintain Safe Operation section above, the estimated power lossof the CSD88599Q5DC would increase to 4.7 W. In addition, the maximum allowable board temperature wouldhave to increase by 2.1°C. In Figure 21, the SOA graph was adjusted accordingly.1. Start by drawing a horizontal line from the application current (30 A) to the SOA curve.2. Draw a vertical line from the SOA curve intercept down to the TX line.3. Adjust the intersection point by subtracting the temperature adjustment value.
In this design example, the SOA board/ambient temperature adjustment yields a decrease of allowed junctiontemperature of 2.1°C from 122.2°C to 120.1°C. Now it is known that the intersection of the case and PCBtemperatures on the TX line must stay below this point. For instance, if the power block case is observedoperating at 124°C, the PCB temperature must in turn be kept under 118°C to maintain this crossover point.
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Design Example – Regulate Board and Case Temperature to Maintain SafeOperation (continued)
Figure 21. Regulate Temperature to Maintain Safe Operation
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
0 0 0
0
V in
GH1
GL1
SH1
U
PGN D
V in
GH2
SH2
V in
GL2
V
PGN D
GH3
GL3
SH3
PGN D
V in
W
PB2PB1 PB3
0
R cs
G N D
C s1
R s1
0
C s2
R s2
0
C 4 C 6C 5
C s3
0
R s3
V swV swV sw
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7 LayoutThe two key system-level parameters that can be optimized with proper PCB design are electrical and thermalperformance. A proper PCB layout will yield maximum performance in both areas. Below are some tips for howto address each.
7.1 Layout Guidelines
7.1.1 Electrical PerformanceThe CSD88599Q5DC power block has the ability to switch at voltage rates greater than 1 kV/µs. Special caremust be then taken with the PCB layout design and placement of the input capacitors; high-current, high dI/dTswitching path; current shunt resistors; and GND return planes. As with any high-power inverter operated in hardswitching mode, there will be voltage ringing present on the switch nodes U, V, and W. Switch-node ringingappears mainly at the HS FET turnon commutation with positive winding current direction. The U, V, and Wphase connections to the BLDC motor can be usually excluded from the ringing behavior since they aresubjected to high-peak currents but low dI/dT slew-rates. However, a compact PCB design with short and low-parasitic loop inductances is critical to achieve low ringing and compliance with EMI specifications.
For safe and reliable operation of the three-phase inverter, motor phase currents have to be accuratelymonitored and reported to the system microcontroller. One current sensor needs to be connected on each motorphase winding U, V, and W. This sensing method is best for current sensing as it provides good accuracy over awide range of duty cycles, motor torque, and winding currents. Using current sensors is recommended because itis less intrusive to the VIN and GND connections.
Figure 22. Recommended Ringing Reduction Components
However, for cost sensitive applications, current sensors are generally replaced with current sense resistors.• For designs using the 60-V three-phase smart gate driver DRV8320SRHBR, only one current sense resistor
RCS can be placed between common source terminals for all three power block devices CSD88599Q5DC toPGND as depicted in Figure 22 above.
• For designs using the 60-V three-phase gate driver DRV8323RSRGZT, three current sense resistors RCS1,RCS2, and RCS3 can be used between each CSD88599Q5DC source terminals to GND. The three-phasedriver IC should be placed as close as possible to the power block gate GL and GH terminals.
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Layout Guidelines (continued)Breaking the high-current flow path from the source terminals of the power block to GND by introducing the RCScurrent shunt resistors introduces parasitic PCB inductance. In the event the switch node waveforms exhibitspeak ringing that reaches undesirable levels, the ringing can be reduced by using the following ringing reductioncomponents:• The use of a high-side gate resistor in series with the GH pin is one effective way to reduce peak ringing. The
recommended HS FET gate resistor value will range between 4.7 Ω to 10 Ω depending on the driver ICoutput characteristics used in conjunction with the power block device. The low-side FET gate pin GL shouldconnect directly to the driver IC output to avoid any parasitic cdV/dT turnon effect.
• Low-inductance MLCC caps C4, C5, and C6 can be used across each power block device from VIN to thesource terminal PGND. MLCC 10 nF, 100 V, ±10%, X7S, 0402, PN: C1005X7S2A103K050BB arerecommended.
• Ringing can be reduced via the implementation of RC snubbers from each switch node U, V, and W to GND.Recommended snubber component values are as follows:– Snubber resistors Rs1, Rs2, Rs3: 2.21 Ω, 1%, 0.125 W, 0805, PN: CRCW08052R21FKEA– Snubber caps Cs1, Cs2, and Cs3: MLCC 4.7 nF, 100 V, X7S, 0402, PN: C1005X7S2A472M050BB
With a switching frequency of 20 kHz on the three-phase inverter, the power dissipation on the RC snubberresistor is 80 mW per channel. As a result, 0805 package size for resistors Rs1, Rs2, and Rs3 is sufficient.
7.1.2 Thermal ConsiderationsThe CSD88599Q5DC power block device has the ability to utilize the PCB copper planes as the primary thermalpath. As such, the use of thermal vias included in the footprint is an effective way to pull away heat from thedevice and into the system board. Concerns regarding solder voids and manufacturability issues can beaddressed through the use of three basic tactics to minimize the amount of solder attach that will wick down thevia barrel.• Intentionally space out the vias from one another to avoid a cluster of holes in a given area.• Use the smallest drill size allowed by the design. The example in Figure 23 uses vias with a 10-mil drill hole
and a 16-mil solder pad.• Tent the opposite side of the via with solder-mask. Ultimately the number and drill size of the thermal vias
should align with the end user’s PCB design rules and manufacturing capabilities.
To take advantage of the DualCool thermally enhanced package, an external heatsink can be applied on top ofthe power block devices. For low EMI, the heatsink is usually connected to GND through the mounting screws tothe PCB. Gap pad insulators with good thermal conductivity should be used between the top of the package andthe heatsink. The Bergquist Sil-Pad 980 is recommended which provides excellent thermal impedance of1.07°C/W @ 50 psi.
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7.2 Layout Example
Figure 23. Top Layer Figure 24. Bottom Layer
The placement of the input capacitors C4, C5, and C6 relative to VIN and PGND pins of CSD88599Q5DC deviceshould have the highest priority during the component placement routine. It is critical to minimize the VIN to GNDparasitic loop inductance. A shunt resistor R21 is used between all three U4, U5, and U6 power block sourceterminals to the input supply GND return pin.
Input RMS current filtering is achieved via two bulk caps C17 and C18. Based on the RMS current ratings, therecommended part number for input bulk is CAP AL, 330 µF, 63 V, ±20%, PN: EMVA630ADA331MKG5S.
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8 Device and Documentation Support
8.1 Receiving Notification of Documentation UpdatesTo receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upperright corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that haschanged. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
8.2 Community ResourcesThe following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respectivecontributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms ofUse.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaborationamong engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and helpsolve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools andcontact information for technical support.
8.3 TrademarksNexFET, DualCool, E2E are trademarks of Texas Instruments.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
8.4 Electrostatic Discharge CautionThese devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foamduring storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
8.5 GlossarySLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
C
22X0.30.2
5.4 0.1
22X0.550.45
2X
5
3.3 0.1
20X 0.5
1.05 MAX
2.284 0.1
3.329 0.1
0.050.00
4X0.480.38
B5.14.9
A
6.15.9
(0.2) TYP
2X (2) 4X (0.25)
2X (0.35)
(1.486)
(0.701)
2X (0.3)
4X (0.175)
4X (1.9)
4222731/A 02/2016
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
EXPOSEDHEAT SLUG
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
1
1112
22
PIN 1 ID(OPTIONAL)
0.1 C A B
0.05 C
EXPOSEDTHERMALPAD
27 PKG
SYMM23
24 25
26
NOTES:
(CONNECTED TO PGND)
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9 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable InformationThe following pages include mechanical packaging and orderable information. This information is the mostcurrent data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision ofthis document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
9.1 Q5DC Package Dimensions
• All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioningand tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
• This drawing is subject to change without notice.• The package thermal pad must be soldered to the printed circuit board for thermal and mechanical
performance.
0.07 MINALL AROUND
0.07 MAXALL AROUND
4222731/A 01/2016
SOLDER MASKOPENINGSOLDER MASK
METAL UNDER
SOLDER MASKDEFINED
METALSOLDER MASKOPENING
SOLDER MASK DETAILS
NON SOLDER MASKDEFINED
(PREFERRED)
2X(1.13)
6X(1.32)
(3.3)
20X (0.5)
(4.7)
22X (0.25)
22X (0.7)
(5.4)
(R ) TYP0.05
( ) VIATYP
0.2
6X (1.4)
(0.3) TYP
4X (2.115)
4X(3.013)
4X (0.43)4X (0.375)
SYMM
1
11 12
22
SYMM
LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE
27
23
24 25
26
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Table 2. Pin Configuration TablePOSITION PIN NAME DESCRIPTION
1 GH High Side Gate2 SH High Side Gate Return
3-11 VSW Switch Node12-20 PGND Power Ground
21 NC No Connect22 GL Low Side Gate
23-26 NC No Connect27 VIN Input Voltage
9.2 Land Pattern Recommendation
• All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioningand tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
• This package is designed to be soldered to a thermal pad on the board. For more information, see QFN/SONPCB Attachment (SLUA271).
• Vias are optional depending on application, refer to device data sheet. If some or all are implemented,recommended via locations are shown.
22X (0.25)
22X (0.7)
20X (0.5)
8X(1.12)
8X (1.41)
(4.7)
(R ) TYP0.05(0.66)TYP
(1.32)TYP
(0.81) TYP
(0.3) TYP
4X (2.115)
4X(3.013)
4X (0.43)4X (0.375)
SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE
SYMM
1
11 12
22
SYMM
TYPMETAL
23
24 25
26
27
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9.3 Stencil Recommendation
• All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioningand tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M.
• Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and rounded corners may offer better paste release. IPC-7525may have alternate design recommendations.
For recommended circuit layout for PCB designs, see Reducing Ringing Through PCB Layout Techniques(SLPA005).
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status(1)
Package Type PackageDrawing
Pins PackageQty
Eco Plan(2)
Lead/Ball Finish(6)
MSL Peak Temp(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking(4/5)
Samples
CSD88599Q5DC ACTIVE VSON-CLIP DMM 22 2500 Pb-Free (RoHSExempt)
CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 150 88599
CSD88599Q5DCT ACTIVE VSON-CLIP DMM 22 250 Pb-Free (RoHSExempt)
CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -55 to 150 88599
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substancedo not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI mayreference these types of products as "Pb-Free".RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide basedflame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuationof the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finishvalue exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on informationprovided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken andcontinues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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Addendum-Page 2
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device PackageType
PackageDrawing
Pins SPQ ReelDiameter
(mm)
ReelWidth
W1 (mm)
A0(mm)
B0(mm)
K0(mm)
P1(mm)
W(mm)
Pin1Quadrant
CSD88599Q5DC VSON-CLIP
DMM 22 2500 330.0 15.4 6.3 5.3 1.2 8.0 12.0 Q2
CSD88599Q5DCT VSON-CLIP
DMM 22 250 178.0 12.4 6.3 5.3 1.2 8.0 12.0 Q2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 30-Apr-2018
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
CSD88599Q5DC VSON-CLIP DMM 22 2500 333.2 345.9 28.6
CSD88599Q5DCT VSON-CLIP DMM 22 250 210.0 210.0 52.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 30-Apr-2018
Pack Materials-Page 2
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