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Ang Wee Shin

Nur Athirah Zaidon

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CURRICULUMDEVELOPMENT

ANDIMPLEMENTATION

Definitions

TheoreticalFoundation

Curriculum Models

Tylers model

Stenhousesmodel

Tabas model

Contributions ofeducationists andpsychologists

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In Latin : curriculum refers to racing chariot.The term currere means running.

In other words : it encompasses all the

experiences of an individual including the tasksundertaken from childhood until adulthood In New International Dictionary : course

content which is offered by an educationalinstitution.

Oxford English Dictionary : courses that aretaught in schools or institutions of higherlearning

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EDUCATIONISTS OF THE 80S

Franklin Bobbit (1918) -

Father of Curriculum- All the experiences, directed orotherwise planned or otherwisewhich focuses on the holisticdevelopment of the individual.-All the conscious andpurposeful educationalexperiences provided by theschool for the pupils

John Dewey (1916) in hisbook Democracy and

Education

- he outlined the role ofcurriculum as efforts made torestructure society

EDUCATIONISTS OF THE 20THCENTURY

Schubert (1987)

- specific aspects forreconstructing society, includingsubject content, learningoutcomes and local culture.

Kerr (in Kelly, 1983; 1999)- all the learning planned by aneducational institution andimplemented either in groups orindividually. And inside oroutside the classroom

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1900-1940

I. Alfred Binet-systematic procedure tomeasure learning aptitudes

II. Jean Piaget- Children cognitive dev.Sensorimotor, pre-operational,concrete operations and formal

operationsIII. Lev Vygotsky

- Social constructivist

IV. Ivan Pavlov

1940-1960

I. B.F Skinner- theory on operant conditioning or

the S-R theory (Stimulus-ResponseTheory)

II. Abraham Maslow- His theory related to Hierarchy ofNeeds

III. Benjamin Bloom- Blooms Taxonomy. Sequence of

learning objectives according to 6cognitive levels starting fromknowledge (low) to comprehension,application, analysis, synthesis andevaluation (high)

IV. Ralph Tyler

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1960-1980

I. Erik Erikson- individuals psychosocial dev. 8stages starting from trust vsmistrust until integrity vsdespair.

II. Lawrence Kohlberg- catergorized the moral dev ofhuman beings into 4 stages

III. Albert Bandura- his social learning theoryexplains how human beingslearn through imitating thebehaviors of others, modeling .

All educators have tounderstand the various of

learning theories toensure the success of

teaching and learning in

the classroom.

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Components Educational Question Elaboration

1. Objective What educational aimsneed to be achieved by theeducational institution (e.g

school)

Purpose of edu attuned to objective orlearning outcomes

Based on pupil type,subject or course andsocietal needs

2. Content What educationalexperiences can be given

or provided in order toachieve the educationalaims?

Educational experiencesshould be : specificExplicitMeasurableGrounded in educationalphilosophyBased on pupil priorknowledge

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3. Organization How can we manage thepredeterminededucational experienceseffectively?

Selection of content andlearning experiences(activities) must align withthe educational aims

4. evaluation How can we determine ifthe objectives have been

achieved?

Consideration given to : type- formative and

summative evaluation model used(e.g. CIPP [ content, input,process, product])Type of data collectinginstrument (interview,observation, test, survey,portfolio, analysis)