CURS 1+2 Bacteriologie MO

8/15/2019 CURS 1+2 Bacteriologie MO

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01/13/16 1

MICROBIOLOGIECURS 1

Dr. Gabriela GURAU



01/13/16 2

Obiectul microbiologiei. Definitie.Princialele etae ale

!e"#oltarii cuno$tintelor !e$re microbi.

Morfologia bacteriana.Princialele mo!ele$tructurale ale microorgani$melor.

Inca!rare ta%onomica.



01/13/16 3

OBIEC&UL MICROBIOLOGIEI

1. DEFINITIE

2. PRINCIPALELE ETAPE ALE DEZVOLTARIICUNOSTINTELOR DESPRE MICROBI



01/13/16 4

Microbiologia

Microio!o"i# $%icro & %ic' io( & )i*+,-

B*c+#rio!o"i# $*+#rio & *(+o*(-

Mico!o"i# $%#( & ci#rc,-

Vir(o!o"i#

P*r*i+o!o"i# R*%ri5 %icroio!o"i* (o!!i %*ri,

i7(+ri*!, *"rico!, %#7ic*!, #+c



01/13/16 8

Microbiologie Rere"inta $tu!iul microorgani$melor' a celor mai mici#ietuitoare' #i"ibile !oar cu micro$coul.

Microorgani$mele $tu!iate( alge' fungi' bacterii'#iru$uri $i ara"iti

Microorgani$mele( cele mai #ec)i' numeroa$e $i !i#er$ificate forme !e

#iat* e *m+nt $e afl* ,n me!iul ,ncon-ur*tor

au rol ,n !e$comunerea materiei organice $i mentinfertilitatea $olului ma-oritatea $unt utile $i numai o arte $unt imlicate'

,n !iferite gra!e' ,n atologie.



01/13/16 6

Microbiologie

Sco5 (+7i#r#* roc#(#!or 9iic# c:i%ic# io!o"ic# !#"*+# 7# *c+i)i+*+#*

%icroor"*i(%#!or.

; #+r5 * ,(+r* (i 9o!o(i # c#!# +i!# * *i:i!* # c#!# 7,,+o*r#

;Microor"*i(%#!# ; ro! i%or+*+ # !*#+, *r #<i(+* )i*+, 9,r, #!#


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Rolul o"iti# al microorgani$melor

Circ!*+i* io!o"ic, * %*+#ri#i > *+r, cic!! or #!#%#+#5 C N S P F# CO2 *+%o(9#ric ? *, ? (. %i#r*!# 7i (o!

(i+#* ((+. or"*ic#@ :r*, *i%*!# o% D#(co%#r#* ((+. or"*ic# > (o! @ 7#(co%#r# >

ro7(i (i%!i 7# c,+r# %icroor"*i(%#Ac+i)i+*+# "#o!o"ic,

; 9or%*r#* 7# ,c,%i+# #+ro!i#r# c,ri (*!#+r (!9%i#r#ri 7# 9i#r #+c.

Ac+i)i+*+# > %#7i! %*ri ; *(i"r, circi+! #!#%#+#!or io"##


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i7(+ri# ; 9*ric*r#* *!coo!!i #+i!ic

; )ii9ic*+i* ; i7(+ri* #rii ; *i9ic*+i#

; ro7(# !*c+*+#5 i*r+ !*+# *cr r#+ri ; %r,+ri ; r#!cr*r#* i!i c#ii


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i7(+ri* %#7ic*%#+!i5

io(i+#* %icroi*, * )i+*%i#!or B1B2 B12 C A D2

((+*+#!or *+iio+ic#

*"ric!+r,

>"r,(,%i+#


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Rolul negati# al

microorgani$melor *"# #coo%ic#

; 7#"r*7*r# %icroi*, * 7oc%#+#!or 7# i*+r,

; *c+i# coroi), * %#+*!#!or ; 7#(co%#r#* *!i%#+#!or ; io7#+#rior*r#*5

; c*cic!i

; * %*(#!or !*(+ic# ; * +#<+i!#!or ; * :r+i#i ; * o#r#!or 7# *r+, #+c



Rolul negati# al

microorgani$melorPro7c#r#* 7# o!i *!#

; !*+#!or

; #(+i!or

; *i%*!#!or

; o%!i



Imortanta $tu!iuluimicrobiologiei

F,r, co(+i+# 7# %icroio!o"i# (# o*+# coc## (ir#*!i*5

1. 7". #+io!o"ic *! o!i!or i9#c+io*(#2. +#r*i* *+ii9#c+io*(,

(#rri i%# i%o"!o!i# *+iio+ic#

3. ro9i!*<i* o!i!or i9#c+io*(#

(#roro9i!*<i# )*cci*r#(+#ri!i*r# 7#i9#c+i# *(#(i# *+i(#(i#



Princialele etae ale!e"#oltarii cuno$tintelor !e$re

microbi



I)o*r# i(+oric# )#c:i $C:i* I7i* E"i+#+c.- ; r*c+ici c*(ic# c*r# +i!i#*,%icroor"*i(%#

; VERILIUS ; G#or"ic#!#H

!*+#!# %!( i* @ r,

!*+#!# %!( o*+#* @ or*( @ )*r# ; V#c:ii #"i+#i

i)#+#*, c+or! 7# i# +i!i#*, G*!*+!H $7ro7i* 7# #r#- #+r i#



01/13/16 18

I. Antic)itate $i E#ul Me!iucr#+! i7#*!i(+5

; #i7#%ii!# c**+# 7# 9ii+# (r**+r*!#c* #7#*(* #+r "r#(#!i'

; ri+*!ri r#!i"io*(# @ (,!,ri ri+*!#!#iri #(#+i*!# *r7#r#* 7# (!9 (i r,(ii #+c.

; S#rr*+i* %*rc#(c#(5 >ro(ir#* iii

*!i%#+#!or (7o*r# ro(i#Jcr#+! %*+#ri*!i(+5 ; c*+, c*# %*+#ri*!# *!# #i7#%ii!or



01/13/16 16

I. Antic)itate $i E#ul Me!iu

/IPOCRA& $460 ; 3=8 >.#..- ; ,ri+#!# %#7ici#i

; teoria miasmelor 5 o!i!# c**+# 7# *#r!K(+ric*+H

&/UCIDIDE $460 ; 38 >.#..- ; i(+oric "r#c

; teoria contagiunii 5 #i7#%ii!# c**+# 7#0contagium animatum & *r+ic!# 9o*r+# %ici



01/13/16 1=


MARCUS &ERE2&IUS 3ARRO $116 ; 26 >.#..- ; 9i!oo9 ro%* ; 0animalia minuta & %ici *i%*!# i)iii!# 7i *#r!

o#!or *!(+r# ; GR#r% r(+ic*r% 7# *"ric!+r*H;9or%!#*, *+r*%icroio!o"ic, * #i7#%ii!or “Dacă în acele locuri vor fi mlastini, acolo se

dezvoltă fiinte vii, care desi mici, încât nu pot fiobservate cu ochii, pătrund din aer în corp prin gură si

nări determinând boli grele”



01/13/16 1


&I&US LUCRE&IUS CARUS $ ; 88 >.#..- ; o#+! %*+#ri*!i(+ *! Ro%#i ; GD# r#r% *+r*H #<!ic, #(+* ri 4germenii bolii $iai mortii (i ri G%i* #i!orH

/IERO2IMUS 5RACAS&OR $14= ; 1883- ; %#7ic *(+roo% o#+ i+*!i* ; GD# co+*"io*# #+ co+*"io(i( %ori( #+ cr*+io#H ((+i# +#ori* co+*"iii > #i7#%ii 7# ci%, )*rio!, (i9i!i(

; cr#7# > #<i(+#+* or "#r%#i )ii c*r# (# >%!+#(c $1846- ; GD# %or( *!!ic(H ; #ro! GS:i!i(H



01/13/16 1

II. De$coerirea micro$coului

coici7# c 7#(co#rir#*%icroor"*i(%#!or

6acc)aria$ (i /an$ 7an$en $Mi77#r"- ; ri%! %icro(co co%( $180-

; #+r (+7i! %icroor"*i(%#!or



01/13/16 20


A2&OI2E #anLEEU8E2/OE9

$1632 ; 1=23-

ir!*7#

o(+,)*r or+*r 7# %#(#ri#

),+or 7# %,r+i(ri

*(i# ; (!#9ir#* !#+i!#!or * )r+ (, o(#r)# +#(,+r*

:*i#!or 9i#



01/13/16 21


Micro(co!5 !*

co(+ri+ (i"r

* co(+*+ 7i5 ; o !#+i!, ico)#<,

>+r c*7r %#+*!ic

c o %,rir# 7# , !*2=0 <.



01/13/16 22


E<*%i#*,5 ; i9i* 7# i#r

; ** 7# !o*i# (+,++, ; r*c!*+! 7# # 7i+i ; ri* ;%*+#rii 9#c*!# ro)#i+# 7# !* *ci#+ c

7i#+#ri# #+c. 7#(cri# :#%*+ii (+rc+r* o(!i * !#%!i

**+o%i* i(#c+#!or



01/13/16 23


ri%! c*r# * ),+ (i * 7#(cri( %icroor"*i(%# or"*i(%# 9o*r+# %ici &G*i%*!ic!*H

GArc** *+r*# o# %icro(coior% 7#+#c+*H$&ainele naturii !e$coerite cu a-utorul

micro$coaelor: 16=8

7#(## (i 7#(cri#r#* %icroor"*i(%#!or



01/13/16 24


7#(co#rir#* %icroor"*i(%#!or @

r#7#(+#*+, +#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#H

“în diferite substante minerale sau organice

lipsite de orice urme de viată pot lua

nastere microorganisme sau chiar

vietuitoare mai dezvoltate”



01/13/16 28


> 40 7# *i5

; * (cri( 128 7# (cri(ori +r*7(# > #"!#, (i

r#7*+# Soci#+,+ii R#"*!# 7i Lo7r* ; 2= !cr,ri * 9o(+ !ic*+# > M#%orii!#

Ac*7#%i#i Fr*c## 7# S+ii+#

; Ui)#r(i+*+#* 7i U+r#c:+ r#+i7# c, 7#+i# >%# #!# 7i+r# %icro(co*#!# ori"i*!# *!# !i

L###:o#.



01/13/16 26


T#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#Hco%,++, 7#5 ; R#7i ; S*!!**i ; P*(+#r LA66ARO SPALLA26A2I $1=2 ; 1=- c,!",r %*+#%*+ici* *+r*!i(+ i+*!i* ro9#(or !* i)#r(i+*+#* 7i P*)i* co%*+# +#ori* G"##r*+i#i (o+*#H ; > !ic:i7! 9i#r+ (i %#+i+ > )*( #r%#+ic >c:i( r#**r %icroii 7#(co#r, #<i(+#+* *c+#rii!or (oro"## (i **#ro#



01/13/16 2=

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA S&II2;I5IC<

LOUIS PAS&EUR $122 ; 18-

; ,ri+#!# %icroio!o"i#i' c:i%i(+ (i %#7ic

D#%o(+r#*, c, *c+#rii!# (i ci#rci!# (# *(c (o+* ci 7i ,ri+i (# >%!+#(c

(i o+ 9i o%or+#.

P# *#!# (+#ri!i,rii I+ro7c# coc#+! (i %#+o7ic* !cr!i *(#+ic



01/13/16 2

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< F7*%#+#*, +#ori* io!o"ic, * 9#r%#+*+ii!or

9#r%#+*+i* (# 7*+or#*, or %icroi

9i#c*r# +i 7# 9#r%#+*+i# c**+ 7# o (#ci# 7#%icroi $(#ci9ici+*+#* roc#(#!or 9#r%#+*+i)#-

(+*i!#(+# *+r* io!o"ic, * o!i!or ,+ri!or

9#r%#+*+# +i!i#*, *(+#ri*r#* ; %#+o7* >c,!irii

7i9#r#+i*+# $*#!# %icroio!o"i#i i7(+ri*!#-



01/13/16 2

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< Creea"* termenii !e 4aerobio"* $i

4anaerobio"*

D#%o(+r#*, !#",+r* c**!, 7i+r# %icro (i o*!,5

S+7i*, o!i!# )i#r%i!or 7# %,+*(#

S+7i*, o!i!# )i+#i 7# )i# *r*+, c, (+ ro7(# 7# %icroi

i7ic, %,(ri 7# r#)#ir# * *c#(+or i9#c+ii



01/13/16 30

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC<R#9#ri+or !* o!i!# o*%#i!or * i(i(+*+ c* *7*#!# (, 9i# cr,+*+# (i

i(+r%#+#!# 7i (i+*! (, 9i# 9i#r+#. o(#: Li(+#r $12=112- c:irr" #"!# * *!ic*+ 7#(co#riri!# !i P*(+#r > c:irr"i# $16=- c:i*r >*i+# c* *c+#rii!# c*r#

7#+#r%i, i9#c+ii!# c:irr"ic*!# (, 9i 9o(+7#(co#ri+#. !cr,ri!# !i Li(+#r r#r#i+, ** +#:icii

c:irr"ic*!# *(#+ic# 7i i* 7# *i.



01/13/16 31

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< P# *#!# (+ii+i9ic# *!# ro9i!*<i#i o!i!or i9#c+io*(#5 ri (+7i! G:o!#r#i ",ii!orH

*"#+! *+o"# 7#)i# G*)ir!#+H ri >)#c:ir#*c!+rii *"#+! G*)ir!#+H ioc!*+ !* ",i* (,,+o*(,@co9#r, r#i(+#+, 9*+, 7# :o!#r,

r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ic,ro( r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ic,ro( r#*!i#*, )*cci! *+ir*ic

Pasteur



01/13/16 32

III. BAC&ERIOLOGIA

S&II2;I5IC< ROBER& 9OC/ $143 ; 110-

P,ri+#!# (co!ii "#r%*# 7# %icroio!o"i#' %#7ic 7# +*r, S+7i*, o*!* c,ro*(,

D#(co#r, %#+o7#!# 7# c!+i)*r# # %#7ii (o!i7# M#+o7* 7# co!or*r# * r#*r*+#!or %icro(coic# D#(co#r, )irio! :o!#ric *ci!! +#rc!o#i (i

*!#r"i* > +#rc!o,

108 ; r#%i! No#! #+r 9iio!o"i# (i %#7ici, Koch





01/13/16 34


ALP/O2SE LA3ERA2 $148 ; 122- Microio!o"' S+7i*, *!7i(%! 1= 7#(co#r, :#%*+oo*r! *!(+r' 10= r#%i! No#!EMIL A. BE/RI2G

(+7i*, +o<i#!# *c+#ri## i%i+*+#* %or*!, (#ro+#r*i* 101 r#%i! No#!EMILE ROU= $183 ; 133- 7#%o(+r#*, #<i(+#+* *c+#rii!or +o<i"## $11- PAUL E/RLIC/

$184 ; 118- 9o7*+or! c:i%io+#r*i#i i9#c+ii!or Cr#*+or! +#ori#i %o7#r# * 7#i9#c+i#i



01/13/16 38


ILIA ILICI ME&C/I2I9O55 $148 ; 116- io!o" r(' #%i+# +#ori* 9*"oci+*r, * i%i+,+iiRO2ALD ROSS $18= ; 132- i+ro7c# %#+o7# 7# ro9i!*<i# *+i%*!*ric, 102 r#%i! No#!C/ARLES 2ICOLLE $18= ;136- C#rc#+#*, +i9o(! #<*+#%*+ic D#(co#r, %#+o7* 7# r#)#ir# 12 r#%i! No#!

7ULES BORDE& $1=0 ; 161- S+7i*, %#ro*(# i9#c+ii D#(co#r, *"#+! +(#i co)!(i)# 11 r#%i! No#!



01/13/16 36

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DE

MICROBIOLOGIE 3IC&OR BABES $184 ; 126- M#7ic

Fo7*+or! %icroio!o"i#i ro%#(+i S+7ii5 B7*#(+* Vi#* Pro9#(or 7# **+o%i# *+o!o"ic, !* B7*#(+* E!#) *! !i oc: $B#r!i-' P*(+#r $P*ri(- 1= ; ro9#(or !* C*+#7r* 7# A*+o%i# *+o!o"ic,

(i B*c+#rio!o"i# * F*c!+,+ii 7# M#7ici,Bcr#(+i





01/13/16 3

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DEMICROBIOLOGIE

Scri# ri%! +r*+*+ 7# *c+#rio!o"i# 7i !%#>%r#, c Vic+or Cori!5

4 Les bactéries et leur rôle dans l’étiologie,

l’anatomie et l’histologie pathologiques des

maladies infectieuses (1885)

P!ic, #(+# 1.000 !cr,ri (+ii+i9ic# (i 28%oo"r*9ii 7i 7o%#i! %icroio!o"i#i (i**+o%i#i *+o!o"ic#



01/13/16 3

I3. SCOALA ROM>2EASC< DEMICROBIOLOGIE

IO2 CA2&ACU6I2O$163 ; 134- ; io!o" %#7ic !i+#r*+

; r%#*, !* P*ri( !i+#r#!# (+ii+#!# *+r*!# %#7ici* ; !cr#*, !* I(+i++! P*(+#r c M#+c:iio99 ; 101 ; ro9#(or 7# %#7ici, #<#ri%#+*!, !*

F*c!+*+#* 7# M#7ici, Bcr#(+i

; +r#*"* *c+i)i+*+# 7#7ic*+,5 or"*i,rii (co!ii ro%#(+i 7# %icroio!o"i# 7#)o!+,rii %#7iciii r#)#+i)# ro%#(+i



01/13/16 40


MICROBIOLOGIE (+7i*, (c*r!*+i* ; #+io*+o"#i* (+7ii *(r* i%i+,+ii (+7i*, i9#c+i* +#rc!o*(, ; i+ro7c# )*cci*r#*

BC $* 2* +*r, 7i !%#- (+7i*, #+io*+o"#i* !#r#i %or)#i 10 ; 110 7ir#c+or "##r*! *! Dir#c+i#i S*i+*r#@110 !#"#*

GC*+*cioH *(i"r*r#* i"i##i %cii (i co!#c+i)i+,+i!or

*(i(+#+, %#7ic*!, !* (*+# #7c*+i* (*i+*r, >9ii+*r#* !*or*+o*r#!or 7# i"i#, >9ii+*r#* (i+*!#!or 7# o!i co+*"io*(#



01/13/16 41


MICROBIOLOGIE c#rc#+#*, :o!#r*

; *+o"#i# ; )*cciri ; )*cci*r# $r,oi *!c*ic 113- ; G%*r#* #<#ri#+,

ro%,H 9ii+#*, I(+i++! 7# (#rri (i )*cciri GI.C*+*cioH

Bcr#(+i 121

*ici * r#*r*+5 (#r *+i(+r#+ococic *+i7i#+#ric )*cci *+i+i9o*r*+i9ic *+i:o!#ric *+ic,ro( #+c.



01/13/16 42


MICROBIOLOGIE D. Io#(cMi:,#(+i

M. Cic,

A!. S!,+i#* P. Co7r#*

D. Co%i#(c

M. N*(+*

M. N#"+



01/13/16 43

&A=O2OMIA BAC&ERIA2A



01/13/16 44

T*<oo%i*

Definitie5 T*<oo%i* $+*<i(&*r**r#o%o(& r#"!* !#"#- co(+i+i# (+ii+*

c!*(i9ic*rii or"*i(%#!or.

Cla$ificare5

1. Ar+i9ici*!* 2. Fi!o"##+ic*



01/13/16 48

T*<oo%i*

C*+#"orii!# +*<oo%ic# rici*!#5

(#ci*

"#!

9*%i!i*

or7i!

c!*(*



01/13/16 46

T*<oo%i*

Microorgani$m? @ cu#inte latini"atePri%! c)*+ r#r#i+* "#!.

"#!& o +r*(*+r* %or9o!o"ic*5E<. Bacillus +. *ci!' icrococcus +."r*+#

%ic' !actobacillus +. *ci! %ic 7i !*+#

"#!& %# 7# o% 7# (+ii+*5E<. "scherichia 7# !* E(c:#ric:' Pasteurella

7# !* P*(+#r.



01/13/16 4=

T*<oo%i*

A! 7oi!#* c)*+ #(+# !e$criti#. c!o*r#* ;#<. #taph$lococcus aureus (*

#treptococcus viridans

o*!* ro7(* #<. #treptococcus

pneumoniae

(r(*



01/13/16 4

T*<oo%i*

M**!! 7# Si(+#%*+ic* B*c+#ri** B#r"#

M**! o9 S(+#%*+ic B*c+#rio!o" 14H





01/13/16 80

T*<oo%i*

2. C#!!# ri"i7# %oi!# ri 9!*"#!i (*i%oi!i5

A. Mic#!i*!#

B. Uic#!!*r# (i%!#

&$cobacterium 'ctinom$ces

(ocardia

#treptom$ces



01/13/16 81

T*<oo%i*1. P*r*i+i o!i"*+ori

i+r*c#!!*ri

1. C#!!# !i#r#

*- r*%oi+i)i coci

*ci!i #(or!*+i

)ic*ettsia

+oiella

+hlam$dia

#treptococcus

#taph$lococcus

+or$nebacterium !isteria

"r$sipelothri



01/13/16 82

T*<oo%i* *ci!i (or!*+i

A#roi o!i"*+oriiA*#roi o!i"*+orii

- r*% #"*+i)i

coci *ci!i ##+#rici 9or%# (ir*!*+# B*ci!i 7r#+i

Bacillus

&+lostridium

(eisseria

#pirillum

Pasteurella

Brucella

-ersinia



01/13/16 83

T*<oo%i*

*ci!i #+#rici

.rancisella

&/aemophillus

&Bordetella

&!egionella

&"scherichia si bacteriiinrudite

&#almonella&#higella



01/13/16 84

T*<oo%i*

*#roi o!i"*+orii **#roi o!i"*+orii

Klebsiella

Proteus

0ibio

&Pseudomonas

&Bacteroides

&.usobacterium

3. F*r* #r#+# c#!!*r $coplasma



01/13/16 88

Mor9o!o"i* *c+#ri**Prici*!#!# %o7#!#

(+rc+r*!# *!#%icroor"*i(%#!or.



01/13/16 86

Morfologia bacteriana

B*c+#rii!# (+ or"*i(%# roc*rio+#

* %#%r*, c!#*r, rori#

r#i+, (i"r cro%oo% 9or%* *c+#rii!or # co+ro!*+, "##+ic

i%or+*+ cri+#ri +*<oo%ic



01/13/16 8=

1.9or%* (9#ric, coci2.9or%* ci!i7ric,

*ci!i3.9or%* (ir*!*+, $>cr*+,- )irioi

(iri!i (iroc:#+#



01/13/16 8

Cocii9or%* 7i*%#+r# #"*!#5 #taph$lococcus spp. R#i9or%i5 (eisseria spp. L*c#o!*+i5 #treptococcus pn1

O)*!*ri5 "nterococcus faecalis



01/13/16 8

Cocii ; 7i(oi+i* (*+i*!,

Ciorc:i#5 #taph$lococcus spp.

Di!o5 (eisseria spp1

Di!o5 #treptococcus pneumoniae

T#+r*7#5 icrococcus tetragenus

C+# o+5 #arcina spp1

Io!*+i5 Micrococi

L*+ri5 #treptococcus sp





01/13/16 61

B*ci!i 7i(oi+i# (*+i*!*

Di!o*ci!i5 Klebsiella

pneumoniae

S+r#+o*ci!i5 Bacillus anthracis

A(#c+ !i+#r# c:iri+ri *!i(*7#5

+or$nebacterium diphtheriae Di(oi+i# #r#"!*+,5E+#ro*c+#rii



01/13/16 62

For%# (ir*!*+#

CORP 2CURBA& 2&RU2SI2GUR PLA2

3IBRIO2I form* !e #irgul*

CORP 2CURBA& 2 MAIMUL&E PLA2URI SPIRILI $iral* cu $ire rigi!e SPIROC/E&E $ire fine'

fle%ibile

&reonema Leto$ira Borrelia



01/13/16 63

Di%#(ii!# *c+#rii!or Micro%#+ri

1%% & 1.000 %icro%#+ri $%icroi- %

Coci5 08 ; 2 % B*ci!i5 !"i%# 08 ; 10 % / !,+i%# 03 ; 2 % Virioi5 !"i%# 18 ; 3 % / "ro(i%# 08 %

Siroc:#+#5 !"i%# 6 ; 20 % / "ro(i%# 018 ;08 %



01/13/16 6464

CELULA BAC&ERIA2A



01/13/16 68

S&RUC&URA CELULEI

BAC&ERIE2E



01/13/16 66

REGN CARACTERISTICI EXEMPLE

Monera Prokaryocyte Bacterii

Actinomicete

ProtistaEukaryocyte

Protozoare

Fungi Eukaryocyte Fungi

P!ants Eukaryocyte P!ante

Musc"i

Anima!s Eukaryocyte Artro#o$e

Mami%ere

&mu!

A O



01/13/16 6=6=

PRO9ARIO&EPRO9ARIO&E

BACTERIABACTERIA ARCAEAARCAEA

EUARIOTEEUARIOTE



01/13/16 6

Princialele !iferene intre celulele rocariote Fi

eucariote Procariote Eucariote

Ti#u! $e organisme bacterii Protozoare,

fungi,animale,plantemale

'imensiuni ~ 1-10 µm ~ 10-100 µm

Ti# $e nuc!euc!eu nucleoid; nu un nucleu veritabil nucleu adevărat cu dublă

membrană

A'N circular Mai multi cromozomi

Ri(ozomi 70 S 0 S

Structura cito#!asmatic) !tructură !implă

!tructură comple"ă cu

membrane intracitopla!matice

#i cito!c$elet

http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regnum_animalia&action=edit&redlink=1

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoschelet

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoschelet

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu

http://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regnum_animalia&action=edit&redlink=1



01/13/16 6

Princialele !iferene intre celulele rocariote Fi

eucariote Procariote Eucariote

Meta(o!ism anaerob de obicei aerob

Mitocon$rii nu au de la una p%nă la numeroa!e

c!oro#!aste nu au la alge #i la plante

&rganizare de obicei celule izolate, dar pot

forma #i colonii

celule izolate, colonii,

organi!me evoluate cu celule

!pecializate

'i*iziunea ce!u!e!or diviziune !implă Mitoza &pentru celulele'

Meioza &la formarea gametilor'



Celula EuHariota Celula ProHariota



01/13/16 =1=1

Celula EuHariota Celula ProHariota

Gram

Gram

Perete celular

Reticul en!ola$mic rugo$

Mitocon!ria

Je%. animala:

2ucleoi!

2ucleu

Membrana celulara

Citola$m

5lagel

Membrana interna Membrana e%terna

Ribo$omi

Granule

Perete celular

Ca$ula

Pili





01/13/16 =3

E!#%#+# 9*c!+*+i)#

c*(!* *c+#ri*,

ci!ii $9!*"#!ii-

9i%rii!# $i!ii- (or!



01/13/16 =4

Peretele bacterian



01/13/16 =8

P#r#+#!# *c+#ri*

ro(i%# 18 ; 38 %' *!c,+i+ 7i ro+#i# !ii7# :i7r*Qi7# c*ro For%*+ 7i5 $trat ba"al& %co#+i7 & %coco%!#< & #+i7o"!ic*

& %r#i,Ac#(+* #(+# 9or%*+ 7i+ro r#Q#* 7# %*cro%o!#c!# !"i

o!i*:*ri7ic# *(#*+# *r*!#!5 Aci7 N*c#+i!%r*%ic (i N*c#+i!"!co*%i* $ Lioi%- !#"*+# ri Qi

o!i#+i7ic#5

T#+r*#+i7 ; D (i L*%io*cii ; *+*(*+ !* *ci7! N*c#+i!%r*%ic'

P#+*#+i7 ; Qi >+r# +#+r*#+i7# $#ici!i*-



01/13/16 =6

P#r#+# *c+#ri*

Stratul $tructurilor $eciale( *c+#rii r*%oi+i)# $20- ; o!i*:*ri7# *cii

+#ic:oici MPZ *c+#rii r*%#"*+i)#$0- ; !ioo!i*:*ri7# &#7o+o<i# ? !ioro+#i# $co%!#< "!ci7o!ii7oo!i#+i7ic-

*c+#rii *ci7o*!coo!or#i(+#+#5 *ci7 %ico!icc#rri ro+#i# M %ic,



01/13/16 ==

Ro!! #r#+#!i *c+#ri* ((Qi# %#c*ic c#!!* *c+#ri*, %#Qi# 9or%* *c+#ri#i *(i"r, ro+#cQi* c#!!#i *c+#ri##

i+#r)i# > roc#(#!# 7# o(%o, (i 7i9i# #(+# (#7i! or *+i"## (o%*+ic# r#c#+ori!or (#ci9ici #+r *c+#rio9*"i

*r+ici, !* 7i)ii#* *c+#ri#i i%ri%, c*r*c+#r#!# 7# +ic+ori*!i+*+# *!# c#!!#i *c+#ri##





An eloa cel lara

An#eloa celulara



01/13/16 00

An#eloa celularaAn#eloa celulara

Gram Po$iti#eGram Po$iti#e Gram 2egati#eGram 2egati#e

GRAM P&SITI+IGRAM P&SITI+I



01/13/16 11

G &S

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+ICi+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Ci+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Aci$ !i#oteic"oic Pe#ti$og!ican,aci$ teic"oic

Membrana citopla!matica

Membrana interna

Membrana e"terna

Li#o#o!iza"ari$ePor

S 3 * + i 2 ! 3 # r i 3 !

* ( %

i c



01/13/16 22

Membrana e%ternaMembrana e%terna

bacteriibacterii Gram negati#eGram negati#e Cea mai imortanta barieraCea mai imortanta bariera

E%i$ta un $atiu intre membranele e%terna $iE%i$ta un $atiu intre membranele e%terna $iinternainterna ; Satiul erila$micSatiul erila$mic

Stoc)ea"a en"imeStoc)ea"a en"ime

Bacterii Gram o$iti#eBacterii Gram o$iti#e 2u au $atiu erila$mic2u au $atiu erila$mic

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+I



01/13/16 33

GRAM NEGATI+IGRAM NEGATI+I

AN+EL&PA CEL-LARAAN+EL&PA CEL-LARA

Ci+o!*(%*Ci+o!*(%*

Membrana interna &citopla!matica'

Membrana e"terna

Li#o#o!iza"ari$ePoru!

!i#o#roteine

Satiul erila$mic En"ime !egra!ati#e

Proteine !e legare la$matica Permea"e

GRAM P&SITI+IGRAM P&SITI+I



01/13/16 44

Ci+o!*(%Ci+o!*(%

Aci$ !i#oteic"oic Pe#ti$og!ican, aci$ !i#oteic"oic

Mem(rana cito#!asmatica

An*e!o#a ce!u!araAn*e!o#a ce!u!araEn"ime !egra!ati#e



01/13/16 8

MEMBRA2ACI&OPLASMA&IC<



01/13/16 6

MEMBRA2A CI&OPLASMA&IC<

Gro$ime K 1 nm

Alc*tuit* !u* mo!elul mo"aicului flui!(

!ou* $traturi !e molecule fo$folii!ice cu e%tremit*tile)i!rofobe $re interior $i cu cele )i!rofile $re e%terior

,ntre moleculele !e fo$folii!e $e g*$e$c roteine

In#aginare me"o"omi( $i$tem membrano$ intracelularcu rol ,n re$iratie' !i#i"iune etc.



01/13/16 =

MEMBRA2A CI&OPLASMA&IC<

Ro!! %#%r*#i ci+o!*(%*+ic#5

R#"!#*, r#(i#* o(%o+ic,

Co+ro!#*, roc#(#!# 7# 7i9i# *(i), Co+ro!#*, roc#(#!# 7# 7i9i# c*+*!i*+#

#i%*+ic

Co+i# #i%# *!# %#+*o!i(%!i r#(ir*+or I+#r)i# > cr#(+#r#* (i 7i)ii#* *c+#ri#i

E(+# !oc! 7# (i+#, *! #7o+o<i#!or



01/13/16

CI&OPLASMA



01/13/16

CI&OPLASMA

Si(+#% co!oi7*! co%!#<5 ro+#i# "!ci7# !ii7# *,%i#r*!# S+rc+r, "r*!*r,5

Rioo%i ; 18 %' io!*+i (* c* r#+ic! #7o!*(%*+ic'ro! #(#+i*! > io(i+#* ro+#i#!or c#!!*r# r*!*+ii 7# )o!+i, $cor(c!i B*#(Er(+

"r*!*+ii %#+*cro%*+ic#- ; o!i%#+*9o(9*+i r*!*+ii $ic!ii- 7# "!ico"# *%i7o !ii7# #+c.

V*co!# ; co+i 7i9#ri+# ((+*+# > (o!+ii >)#!i+# 7#%#%r*, !ioro+#ic, & +oo!*(+

Co+i# %*ri c*+i+,+i 7# ARN ; ci+o!*(%* i+#( *o9i!,



01/13/16 0

Materialul nuclear



01/13/16 1

M*+#ri*!! c!#*r

N #(+# 7#!i%i+*+ 7# o %#%r*, 7i9#r#+i*+, A!c,+i+ 7i+r ic cro%oo% :*!oi7

For%*+ 7i+ro ic, %o!#c!, 7# ADN 7!:#!ic*+, >c:i(, Di)ii#* c!#!i r#c#7# 7i)ii#*

ci+o!*(%#i (i * #r#+#!i *c+#rii c 24 c!#i c#

**r c* ":#%# $(c!ri- 7# 9or%# 7i9#ri+# oc7c*% 1/10 7i )o!%! *c+#ri#i & *c+#rii # c*!#7# 7i)ii#



01/13/16 2

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

ca$ul* ; ((+*+, "#!*+io*(, %coi7, !*#<+#rior! c#!!#i *c+#ri## i#

7#!i%i+*+, )iii!, !* %icro(co microca$ul* $(!i%# !*#r' "!coc*!i<-

; ((+*+, "#!*+io*(, %coi7, !* #<+#rior!

c#!!#i *c+#ri## > (+r*+ (+ir##)i7#+i*i!, 7o*r ri %#+o7# c:i%ic#



01/13/16 3

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

gro$ime 1 mm $e formea"* ; ,n organi$mul ga"!*

; e me!ii ,n con!itii otime ; colonii 4M lucioa$e' mucoa$e' confluente como"itie ,n functie !e $ecie ; ,n general oli"a)ari!e

; olieti!e Bacillu$ ant)raci$ $ub$tante ca$ulare !iferite c)imic la aceea$i $ecie N

tulini !iferiteN!iferentiere $erologica



01/13/16 4

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

ROL( ; a$ociat* cu atogenitatea tulinii factor al

#irulentei ; rotector fat* !e factori noci#i Jfagocito"a'

!e$icatia:

; !e a!e"in* Jermite a!erarea unor bacterii: ; barier* rotectoare fat* !e bacteriofagi ; contine $ub$tante cu $ecificitate antigenic*



01/13/16 8

CAPSULA BACTERIAN

E3IDE2;IERE( ; coloratie negati#* cu tu$ !e C)ina'

colargol ; coloratii $eciale J/i$$: ; reactia !e umflare a ca$ulei J2eufel!:

cu $eruri oli#alente $i mono#alenteantica$ulare



01/13/16 6



01/13/16 =





01/13/16



01/13/16 100



01/13/16 101

CILII SAU 5LAGELII

or"*# 7# !oco%o+i# (+iri $002 %- 9i# *!"i+# $8;18;

=8%- #r*%i9ic*+# 9!#<ii!# (io*(# *!c,+i+i 7i 9!*"#!i, ; ro+#i, co%!#<,(i%i!*r, c %ioi* %(c!*r,

r#r#i+, *+i"#! 9!*"#!*r GH or#(c 7i ci+o!*(%* *c+#ri#i 7icor(c!! **!



01/13/16 102

CILII SAU 5LAGELII

1. Cor(c! **!; (i+*+ > ci+o!*(%,i%#7i*+ ( %#%r** ci+o!*(%*+ic,

*!c,+i+ 7i 2 7i(cri M (i P !* *c+#riir*%oi+i)# 4 7i(cri M S P L !* *c+#rii r*%

#"*+i)#2. Cr!i"3. Fi!*%#+ 9!*"#!*r



01/13/16 103

103

5lagelul

; 5lagelina Jrotein:5lagelina Jrotein:



01/13/16 104

CILII SI FLAELIIA+ric:# Moo+ric:# Lo9o+ric:# A%9i+ric:#P#ri+ric:#



01/13/16 108





01/13/16 10=



01/13/16 10

Fi%rii (* i!i

For%*+ii 9i!*%#+o*(# ri"i7# #ric#!!*r Pr##+# !* #!# *c+#rii "r*%#"*+i)##<c#+io*! !* *c+#rii "r*%oi+i)#$S+r#+ococc( %+*(- M*i (cr+# (i %*i (+iri 7#c+ ci!ii5 02 ; 20 %/ 3 10 %

N * ro! > %oi!i+*+# Ori"i#* > %#%r** ci+o!*(%*+ic, A!c,+i+# 7i (i+,+i ro+#ic# i!i,



01/13/16 10

Fi%rii (* i!i

Pi!i 7# (#< $7# co"*r#- ; 04 c,+i /c#!!,' co7i9ic*+i 7# !*(%i7#

Fi%rii 7# *7#i# ; 1030 c,+i / c#!!,'co7i9ic*+# 7# "## 7# # cro%oo%

Fi%rii co%# ; 80400 c,+i / c#!!,



01/13/16 110

Sor! *c+#ri*

9or%* 7# r#i(+#+, (i 7# co(#r)*r# *

(#ci#i

(# co!or#*, c co!or*+ii oi(i+#'#)i7#+i*+ ri %#+o7# (#ci*!#

o *c+#ri# 9or%#*, (i"r (or ;

(or 7, *(+#r# #i (i"r# *c+#rii 7i9#r, c* 9or%, 7i%#(i# oi+i#



01/13/16 111

Sor! *c+#ri*

Sor c#+r*! (9#ric %*i %ic 7#c+ cor! *c+#ri*

Sor c#+r*! o)*!*r %*i %*r# 7#c+ cor! *c+#ri* Sor (+#r%i*! o)*!*r %*i %*r# 7#c+

cor! *c+#ri* Sor +#r%i*! (9#ric %*i %*r# 7#c+ cor!

*c+#ri*



01/13/16 112



Documents

CURS 1+2 Bacteriologie MO