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JURNALISM, ANUL 1-2, CURS 18 * USEFUL WORDS: GENERAL VOCABULARY

NUMBERS [nmbrs] = NUMERELE

Cardinal numbers [kardinl nmbrs] = Numeralele cardinale 1 = one [wan] 11= eleven [ilevn] 21 = twenty-one [twenti- wan] 2 = two [tu:] 12 = twelve [twelv] 22 = twenty-two [twenti- tu:] 3 = three [ri:] 13 = thirteen [rti:n] 30 = thirty [rti] 4 = four [fo:r] 14 = fourteen [ fo:rti:n] 40 = forty [fo:rti] 5 = five [faiv] 15 = fifteen [fifti:n] 50 = fifty [fifti] 6 = six [siks] 16 = sixteen [siksti:n] 60 = sixty [siksti] 7 = seven [sevn] 17 = seventeen [sevnti:n] 70 = seventy [sevnti] 8 = eight [eit] 18 = eighteen [eiti:n] 80 = eighty [eiti] 9 = nine [nain] 19 = nineteen [nainti:n] 90 = ninety [nainti] 10 = ten [ten] 20 = twenty [twenti] 100 = a/one hundred [/ wan hndrd] 0 = nought [nimic not] or zero [zirou]. In telephone numbers we say it like the letter O. [Pentru numerele de telefon l pronunm ca pe litera 0]. In football we say nil. [La fotbal spunem nil = nimic]. In tennis we say love. [La tennis spunem lv = zero; three love = trei la zero] 101 = a hundred and one 200 = two hundred (hundred is not plural) [hundred nu este plural] 300 = three hundred 999 = nine hundred and ninety-nine 1,000 = a thousand / one thousand 1,001 = a thousand and one 2,250 = two thousand, two hundred and fifty (thousand is not plural nu este plural] 999,999 = nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine 1,000,000 = a million / one million 5,000,000 = five million (million is not plural) [milion nu este plural] Ordinal numbers [ordinl nmbrs] = numerale ordinale 1st = first [frst] [primul] 17th = seventeenth [sevnti:n] [al 17lea] 2nd = second [seknd] [al 2lea] 18th = eighteenth [eiti:n][al 18lea] 3rd = third [rd] [al 3lea] 19th = nineteenth [nainti:n] [al 19lea] 4th = fourth [forth] [al 4lea] 20th = twentieth [twenti] [al 20lea] 5th = fifth [fif] [al 5lea] 21st = twenty-first [twenti- frst] [al 21lea] 6th = sixth [siks] [al 6lea] 22nd = twenty-second [twenti- seknd] [al 22lea] 7th = seventh [sevn] [al 7 lea] 23rd = twenty-third [twenti- rd] [al 23lea] 8th = eighth [eit] [al 8lea] 24th = twenty-fourth [twenti- forth] [al 24lea]

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9th = ninth [nain] [al 9lea] 25th = twenty-fifth [twenti- fif][al 25lea] 10th = tenth [ten] [al 10lea] 26th = twenty-sixth [twenti- siks] [al 26lea] 11th = eleventh [ilevn] [al 11lea] 27th = twenty-seventh [twenti - sevn] [al 27lea] 12th = twelfth [twelf] [al 12lea] 28th = twenty-eighth [twenti- eit] [al 28lea] 13th = thirteenth [rti:n] [al 13lea] 29th = twenty-ninth [twenti nain] [al 29lea] 14th = fourteenth [fo:rti:n][al 14lea] 30th = thirtieth [rti] [al 30lea] 15th = fifteenth [fifti:n][al 15lea] 31st = thirty-first [rti- frst] [al 31lea] 16th = sixteenth [siksti:n] [al 16lea] Other examples = a half [ ha:f] = jumtate / unu pe doi = a quarter [ kwo:tr] = un sfert/ unu pe patru = three quarters [ri: kwo:trs] = trei sferturi / trei pe patru

1 =21 one and a half [wan nd ha:f] = unu i jumtate / unu i unu pe doi

2 =41 two and a quarter [tu: nd kwo:tr] = doi i un sfert/ unu pe patru

5 =43 five and three quarters [faiv nd ri: kwo:trs] = cinci i trei sferturi / trei pe patru

1.5 = one point five [wan point five] = 1,5 2.25 = two point two five [tu: point tu: five] = 1,25 5.75 = five point seven five [five point sevn five]= 5,75 Practice: 1. Write the words as cardinal numbers. a. a hundred and nine 109 b. eighty-seven c. two hundred and fifty-five . d. three hundred and thirty-two . e. two thousand and one .. f. two million g. Two hundred thousand h. fifty one thousand, two hundred and ten .. 2. Write the cardinal numbers as words. a. 18 eighteen e. 64 . b. 90 .. f. 97 c. 49 . g. 23 .. d. 71 . h. 14 .

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3. Write the ordinal numbers as words. a. 3rd third e. 5th . b. 9th f. 2nd c. 21st .. g. 43rd .. d. 30th . H. 1st 4. Underline the correct answer. a. 296 = 1. two thousand, nine hundred and sixty 2. two hundred and ninety-six b. 5,695 = 1. five thousand, six hundred and ninety-five 2. fifty six hundred and nine and five c. 10,000,000 = 1. ten hundred thousand 2. ten million d. 5.75 = 1. five point seven five 2. five comma seventy-five e. = 1. four thirds 2. three quarters

f. 1 =21 1. a one and half

2. one and a half g. 200,000 = 1. two hundred thousand 2. two hundred thousands * PAST PERFECT (mai mult ca perfectul) Forming the past perfect tense [formarea past perfect tense]

Subject (subiect) HAVE Past participle (forma III)

Contraction (forma scurt)

I had Arrived (sosit) Eaten (mncat)

Id arrived Id eaten

You had Arrived eaten

Youd arrived Youd eaten

He had Arrived eaten

Hed arrived Hed eaten

She had Arrived eaten

Shed arrived Shed eaten

It had Arrived eaten

Itd arrived Itd eaten

We had Arrived eaten

Wed arrived Wed eaten

They had Arrived eaten

Theyd arrived Theyd eaten

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Using the past perfect (Utilizarea past perfect)

We use the past perfect when we wish to stress that one action or situation in the past occurred before another action or situation in the past. [Folosim past perfect (mai mult ca perfectul) cnd dorim s accentum faptul c o aciune sau situaie din trecut a avut loc naintea altei aciuni sau situaii din trecut). Ex: It was obvious that something had happened to them. [It had happened before it became obvious] (Era evident c ceva li se ntmplase. [Se ntmplase nainte de a deveni evident]) I had been waiting for more than an hour when they arrived. [When they arrived I had already been waiting] (Ateptasem mai mult de o or cnd au sosit. [Cnd au sosit eu deja ateptasem]) The past perfect can serve the same purpose as conjunctions of time such as when, after and before [Past perfectul poate avea acelai rol/scop ca i conjunciile de timp when = cnd, after = dup, i before = nainte] Ex: When she (had) finished her work she left the office. (Cnd i-a terminat treaba a plecat din birou) After Jimmy (had) arrived, the party became really good. (Dup ce a venit Jim, petrecerea s-a nveselit] Before he retired, my father (had) worked in the post office. (nainte de a se pensiona, tatl meu a lucrat/lucrase la pot)

Notice that it is not normally necessary to use the past perfect in these situations, but it is quite common to do so, especially with the conjunction when which has several different meanings and may need to be clarified. [Observai c n mod normal nu este necesar utilizarea past perfect n aceste situaii, dar se obinuiete destul de mult, mai ales cu conjuncia when = cnd, care are cteva sensuri diferite i poate avea nevoie de lmuriri]. By using a combination of these conjunctions and different tenses we cannot only explain ourselves more precisely, but also be less repetitive. [Utiliznd o combinaie a acestor conjuncii i diferite timpuri, nu numai c ne exprimm mai precis, dar putem s ne repetm mai puin] As with most verb tenses, the past perfect has both a simple and a continuous form [Ca i cele mai multe timpuri ale verbelor, past perfect are i form de simplu i de continuu]. Ex: I had talked to all of the candidates by lunchtime (simple).

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(Vorbisem cu toi candidaii pn la prnz) I had been talking so much that I was starting to lose my voice. (continuous) (Vorbisem att de mult c ncepeam s-mi pierd vocea) While the simple form is used to stress the fact that the action was finished (i.e there were no more candidates to talk to), the continuous form stresses the continuation of the activity (I would probably talk some more). [ n timp ce forma simpl este utilizat pentru a accentua faptul c aciunea a fost terminat (nu mai erau candidai cu care s vorbesc), forma continu accentueaz continuarea activitii (probabil voi mai vorbi)]. Another difference is that we tend to use the past perfect simple to speak about situations that lasted a long time, or were permanent, while the past perfect continuous is for more temporary or short-term situations or actions. [Alt diferen este c tindem s utilizm past perfect simplu pentru a vorbi despre situaii care au durat mult timp, sau au fost permanente, n timp ce past perfect continuu este pentru situaii i aciuni mai temporare i de scurt durat]. Ex: By that time the Moors had lived in southern Spain for over 700 years. (n acel moment arabii triau/triser n sudul Spaniei [de] mai mult de 700 de ani) I had only been living in London for a week when I found a job. (Locuiam/Locuisem la Londra doar de o sptmn cnd am gsit un serviciu) There are also some verbs that are not usually used in the continuous form, even though that tense seem to be more appropriate. [Mai sunt unele verbe care nu sunt de obicei folosite la forma de continuu, chiar dac acest timp ar prea mai adecvat]. Forming the past perfect: 1. What is the correct past perfect form of I do the laundry? A. I have done the laundry B. I did the laundry C. I had did the laundry. D. I had done the laundry. 2. What is the correct past perfect form of She makes some delicious cookies? A. She had made some delicious cookies. B. She has made some delicious cookies C. She made some delicious cookies. D. She had make some delicious cookies. 3. What is the correct past perfect form of We visit Paris? A. Wed visit Paris. B. Wed visiting Paris. C. Wed visited Paris. D. Weve visited Paris. 4. What is the correct past perfect form of We can rent a car? A. We had rented a car. B. We had been able to rent a car.

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C. We could rent a car. D. Wed rent a car. 5. What is the correct past perfect form of It is hot? A. It was hot. B. It had hot. C. It had be hot. D. It had been hot. Using the past perfect In this exercise, you will practice forming the past perfect. Based on the example sentence, complete the past perfect sentence by filling in the spaces. You can use the full form or the contracted form. For example: First, I washed the car. Then, I drove to the mall After I had washed the car, I drove to

the mall. 1. First, we ate at the cafeteria. Then, we went to class. After weat the cafeteria, weto class. 2. First, Juan made himself a sandwich. Then, he poured some tea. After Juan..himself a sandwich, he..some tea. 3. First, Mary plugged in the headphones. Then, she played a CD. Before she.a CD, Maryin the headphones. 4. First, Soriah fed the cat. Then, she called her mother. Soriahher mother after she..the cat. 5. First, Marie did her homework. Then, she watched TV. Marie.her homework before she.TV.

I want to be a journalist Cristopher Browne

If you want to go to a party and say youre a journalist, a group of people will soon gather around wanting to know all about you and your exciting life, the scoops you have covered, the famous people you have met, and any tips about the latest sleaze.

For, like going on the stage, journalism is seen as a glamour job, a cosy world of parties, perks, adventure and power. It certainly helps explain why more than half of todays arts graduates want to go into the media or PR. Compared with more serious careers, such as the Bar, the Church, Medicine, Accountancy and the City, journalism is often dismissed as a trendy pursuit that neatly delays the agonies of having to find real work. That is, until the uninitiated start exploring further.

Their findings are likely to be somewhat different. Creative? Yes. Sociable? Certainly. Versatile? Undoubtedly. Arty? Sometimes. Trendy? It depends what you mean by trendy. Working in the media and PR requires tenacity and hard work. It does have moments of glamour, moments you can indulge yourself and feel an inner glow of

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satisfaction about a job well done, but stimulating though they are, these professions require long periods of intense, concentrated effort, as well as physical and mental stamina.

Working in the media is not a nine-to-five occupation; it is not beholden to set routines, forward planning or job descriptions. You may not have to wear a suit and brogues or a designer dress, but you may find yourself doing a piece of research, writing a press release or inputting a story at 9pm, instead or relaxing after a nourishing meal or enjoying an evening out with friends. You may be about to go home after a serious road crash, when your pager tells you to phone the office at once. There has been a race riot in Wembley and the newsdesk wants you to get over there and file a story post haste. Then when, somewhat exhausted, you start to change for a dinner date with someone you have been longing to see for days, the pealing tones of the telephones rouse you again and you are asked to cover a motorway accident. Media and PR people on doses of five-octane adrenaline, enjoy less free time than most, and are utterly devoted to their careers.

So what is it like on a local newspaper, the prelude of many a famous journalistic, broadcasting and PR career? The answer is irreverent, personality-led and industrious. Irreverent because your psyche is bombarded with stories about oddballs who steal loaves of bread off milk-floats and then sell them outside Tesco, or out-of-work artists who paint red post-boxes blue to spare letter-writers from eyestrain and motorists from road blindness. Personality-led, because the media is a network of individualists all bringing their talents and ambitions to bear on a fast, chameleon-like industry; and industrious because reporters and sub-editors work very hard to produce ever-bigger, brasher and brighter infotainment-based newspapers. You do not have to be a doctor of philosophy to work on a local newspaper, but you need flair, enthusiasm, independence and courage.