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b`x| 11

`k j¶vwaK †n±i GjvKvq cuvP jvL †n±‡iiI †ewk Rwg‡K wbU †m‡Pi AvIZvq Avbvi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i| fviZ miKvi 1975 mv‡j fvi‡Zi wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖKí Aby‡gv`b K‡i| fviZxq cÖKíwUi wZb ch©v‡q ev —evq‡bi cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq| cÖ_g ch©v‡q MRj‡Wvevq wZ¯—v b`xi Ici GKwU e¨v‡iR wbg©vY K‡i `yBwU (Wv‡b I ev‡g) cÖavb †mP Lv‡ji gva¨‡g cwðge‡½i `vwR©wjs, cwðg w`bvRcyi, gvj`v, RjcvB¸wo Ges KzPwenvi †Rjvq; wenvi iv‡Rï c~wY©qv †Rjvq Ges Avmv‡gi wKQy GjvKvmn †gvU `k jvL †n±i Rwg‡Z †mP cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e wZ¯—vi cvwb w`‡q| evsjv‡`k-fviZ mxgvš— †_‡K fviZxq MRj‡Wvev e¨v‡iRwU cÖvq 50 gvBj DRv‡b Aew¯’Z| fviZxq cÖK‡íi wØZxq ch©v‡q fvi‡Zi Mxj‡Lvjv bvgK RvqMvq GKwU †÷v‡iR wiRvf©vi ev Rjvavi wbg©vY Kivi cwiKíbv Kiv nq, hvi gva¨‡g wZ —vi ïKbv †gŠmy‡gi cÖevn‡K eZ©gv‡bi Ici AviI Aš—Z 8 nvRvi wKD‡mK cwigv‡Y e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| cÖKíwUi Z…Zxq ch©v‡q wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi K¨v‡bj wm‡÷g ev †mP Lvj eë ’vi myweav MÖnY K‡i fviZxq f‚L‡Êi ga¨ w`‡q eªþcyÎ I M½v b`xi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i GB `yB b`xi g‡a¨ mivmwi †bŠms‡hvM ’vcb Kivi K_v fvev nq| D‡j−L¨, fviZxq e¨v‡i‡Ri Wvb Zx‡ii cÖavb Lv‡ji gva¨‡g 10 nvRvi wKD‡mK Ges evg Zx‡ii cÖavb Lv‡ji gva¨‡g 5 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| fvi‡Zi GB e¨v‡iR 1987 mv‡j AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Pvjy K‡i fviZ miKvi Zv evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K AewnZ K‡i| Aciw`‡K evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avš—R©vwZK mxgvš— †_‡K AvbygvwbK 8-10 gvBj fvwU‡Z jvjgwbinvU-bxjdvgvix †Rjvi Wvwjqv-†`vqvbx c‡q‡›U wZ¯—v b`xi Ici GKwU e¨v‡iR wbg©vY Kiv nq| GB e¨v‡i‡Ri GKwU gvÎ cÖavb Lvj w`‡q cÖvq 10 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwb wb‡q e„nËi iscyi, w`bvRcyi I e¸ov †Rjvi cÖvq `k j¶vwaK †n±i GjvKvq †mP cÖ`v‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| G ch©v‡q Avwg cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì myweav‡_© GKwU e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z PvB| nq‡Zv A‡b‡KB BwZg‡a¨ fve‡Qb †hLv‡b ïKbv †gŠmy‡g wZ¯—v b`x‡Z cvwb cÖev‡ni cwigvY gvÎ cuvP nvRvi wKD‡mK, †mLv‡b †Kvb eyw×‡Z fviZxq e¨v‡i‡Ri yBwU †mP Lv‡ji gva¨‡g (10,000+5000) †gvU 15 nvRvi wKD‡mK Ges evsjv‡`‡ki e¨v‡i‡Ri GKwU gvÎ Lv‡ji gva¨‡g †gvU 10 nvRviÑ GB me©‡gvU 25 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii cwiKíbv n‡Z †bqv nq? G cÖkœ g‡b RvMvB ^vfvweK| Avcbv‡ì A‡b‡KiB nq‡Zv g‡b Av‡Q, cwðge½ wenvi, Avmvg I evsjv‡`‡k GK mgq Avgb †gŠmy‡gB me‡P‡q †ewk avb Drcvw`Z n‡Zv| GB Avgb avbB mviv eQ‡ii †gvU avb Drcv`‡bi 60%-GiI †ewk †hvMvb w`Z| GRb¨

12| b`x

meviB Zx¶è `„wó _vKZ hv‡Z Avgb avb †Kv‡bvg‡ZB gvi bv Lvq| Avgb av‡bi gvi Lvevi `ywU cÖavb KviY wQj: GK AKvj eb¨v Ges AciwU Avgb dj‡bi †gŠmy‡g h_vmg‡q h_v¯’v‡b e„wócvZ bv nIqv| wZ —vi cÖev‡ni AvIZvaxb Rwg AwaKvsk mgqB el©vq Avµvš— n‡Zv f‚-cÖK…wZi Kvi‡Y| wKš‘ AvenvIqvi †Lqvwjcbvi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq ch©vß e„wócv‡Zi Afv‡e cÖvqB Avgb dmj gvi †LZ Ges K…l‡Ki gv_vq †b‡g AvmZ y‡f©vM| GB Ae ’v †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Rb¨B Avgb †gŠmy‡g (hwÌ Zv el©v †gŠmyg) m¤ú~iK ev mvwc−‡g›Uvwi †mP ev Bwi‡Mkb eë¯’v Pvjy Kivi wPš—v Kiv nq| fviZ I evsjv‡`k GB Dfq †`kB wKš‘ Zv‡ì wbR wbR wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖKí Avgb †gŠmy‡g m¤ú~iK †mP cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B ev¯—evwqZ K‡iwQj| KviY G mg‡q wZ¯—v b`x‡Z K‡qK jvL wKD‡mK cwigvY ch©š— cvwb eZ©gvb _v‡K| wKš‘ mgm¨v uvovj Ab¨Lv‡b| mg‡qi cwiµgvq fvi‡Zi wenvi, cwðge½ I Avmvgmn evsjv‡`‡kiI we¯—xY© AÂ‡j el©vKvjxb eb¨v I AKvj eb¨vi cÖ‡Kvc gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _vKj| †`Lv †Mj, eb¨vi Kvi‡Y cÖvq cÖwZ eQiB Avgb avb gvi Lv‡”Q| eb¨vi AvMÖvm‡bi Kvi‡Y ¶q¶wZ †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Rb¨ `yÕ‡`‡kiB Kw_Z AÂj¸‡jvi K…lK Zv‡ì me Drmvn wb‡q wb‡R‡ì wb‡qvwRZ Kij ïKbv †gŠmy‡g †ev‡iv avb I iwekm¨ Pv‡li †¶‡Î| D‡j−L¨, †h ïKbv †gŠmy‡gi dmj eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K myiw¶Z; KviY ZLb eb¨v nqB bv| A_P GB †ev‡iv Pv‡li Rb¨ PvB ch©vß †mP myweav Avi †m Rb¨ PvB h‡_ó cwigvY cvwb| fviZxq I evsjv‡`wk wZ —v euva cÖKí GjvKvq †m‡Pi Rb¨ me ai‡bi êÁvwbK eë¯’vw` I myweav gvV ch©v‡q eZ©gvb| me K…lKBÑ †nvK †m fviZxq, †nvK †m evsjv‡`wk, `vi”Yfv‡e Pvq wZ¯—vi cvwb †m‡Pi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡Z| wKš‘ ïKbv †gŠmy‡g wZ —vi cÖevn wbZvš—B bMY¨ (†Kej 4 †_‡K 5 nvRvi wKD‡mK)| yB †`‡ki WvBfvimb K¨vbvj K¨vcvwmwU Aš—Z cuvP¸Y cwigvY †ewk ¯^fveZB wZ¯—vi cvwbi eënvi wb‡q †`Lv w`j mgm¨v| fviZxq e¨v‡i‡Ri gva¨‡g ïKbv †gŠmy‡g wZ —vi cÖevn cÖZ¨vnv‡ii d‡j evsjv‡`k wZ —vi cÖevn 300 †_‡K 400 wKD‡m‡Ki †KvVvq †b‡g Av‡m| d‡j gvi Lvq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖKí GjvKvi wekvj AÂ‡ji dmj| wZ¯—v b`xi ïKbv †gŠmy‡g ch©vß cwigvY cvwbi Afve yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ wZ¯—vi ïKbv †gŠmy‡gi cvwb eÈb mgm¨vwU‡K cÖKU K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| G mgm¨vi Avï mgvavb `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK †mŠnv © g~jK m¤ú‡K©i ^v‡_© GKvš—fv‡eB Ri”wi| fviZ I evsjv‡`kÑ GB yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ wZ —vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q wØc¶xq Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q AvR A‡bK eQi a‡i| hw` †cQ‡b wd‡i ZvKv‡bv hvq, Z‡e †`Lv hv‡e, wZ —vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ïi” n‡qwQj †mB 1972 mvj †_‡KB| Aek¨ Gi Av‡M 1955 mv‡ji †g gv‡m ZrKvjxb cvwK —vb miKv‡ii m‡½ fviZ miKvi wZ —vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ïi” K‡i| ZLb fviZxq c¶

b`x| 13

cvwK —vwb c‡¶i Kv‡Q G g‡g© Avk¼v cÖKvk K‡i †h, cvwK —vb wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖKí ev —evqb Ki‡j fviZ‡K eûwea weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K cvwK¯—vb fviZ‡K e‡j, fvi‡Zi wZ¯—vi GjvKv wbZvš—B †QvU, hvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Avkcv‡ki †QvULv‡Uv †ek KÕwU b`xB fvi‡Z i‡q‡Q| wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv wZ —vi ïKbv †gŠmy‡gi cvwb eÈb welqwU fvi‡Zi wbKU evsjv‡`k cÖ_g Dc¯’vcb K‡i 1972 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m XvKvq AbywôZ fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi wØZxq êV‡K| IB êV‡K †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb wbgœewY©Z wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i : 1. evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi e¨v‡i‡Ri m‡e©v”P wWRvBb d¬vW wWmPvR© Ges `yB †`‡ki A¨vd¬v· euv‡ai wWRvBb cvi¯úwiKfv‡e m½wZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e| 2. yB †`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x KZ©„K w ’iK…Z cwigvY Abyhvqx wZ —v b`xi cvwb `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv n‡e| Gici †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 15Zg êV‡K evsjv‡`k c¶ fviZxq wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi AvIZvq fviZ KZ…©K gnvb›`v b`xi cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i Ab¨Î eënv‡ii wei”‡× fviZxq c‡¶i wbKU †Rvi cÖwZev` Rvbvq| evsjv‡`k c¶ `vwe K‡i, gnvb›`v b`x M½v AeevwnKvq M½v b`xi GKwU ¸i”Z¡c~Y© Dcb`x, hvi cvwbi Ici evsjv‡`‡ki D‡j−L‡hvM¨ GjvKv GKvš—fv‡e wbf©ikxj| `yB c¶ Aek¨ G wel‡q fwel¨‡Z AviI Av‡jvPbv Kivi e¨vcv‡i GKgZ nq| 1979 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m XvKvq AbywôZ fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ kxl© ch©v‡qi GK êV‡K h_vwkMwMi m¤¢e wZ —vi cvwb eÈb welqK GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z `yÕc¶ GKgZ nq| 1979 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m `yÕc¶ evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi ywU K‡i wZ —vi †gvU PviwU nvB‡WªvjwRK¨vj cwigvc †÷k‡bi Z_¨-DcvË wewbgq K‡i| cieZ©x mg‡q G Z_¨-DcvË wb‡q fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ KwgwUi wZb wZbwU êVK AbywôZ nq| wKš‘ `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ eÈ‡bi Rb¨ wZ —v b`xi †gvU jf¨ cvwbi cwigvYB wbw ©ó Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Zviv| Gici evsjv‡`k c¶ †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 20Zg êV‡K wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈ‡bi Rb¨ wbgœewY©Z dgy©jv Dc ’vcb K‡i : fvi‡Zi wnm¨vÑ wZ —vi cÖev‡ni 40% evsjv‡`‡ki wnm¨vÑ wZ —vi cÖev‡ni 40% wiRvf© _vK‡eÑ wZ —vi cÖev‡ni 20% 1983 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m XvKvq AbywôZ †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 25Zg êV‡K `yB †`k wZ —vi cvwb eÈ‡bi wbwg‡Ë GKwU Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb ev A¨vWnK Pzw³‡Z DcbxZ nq| †mB Pzw³ Abyhvqx wZ —vi †gvU cÖev‡ni 36% cv‡e evsjv‡`k, 39% cv‡e fviZ| evwK 25% AvcvZZ eÈb Kiv n‡e bv, Z‡e Zv †Kv‡bv

14| b`x

†`kB eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv (gv‡b †m cÖevn wZ —v b`xLvZ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q eªþcyÎ b‡` wM‡q co‡e)| Z‡e GKwU †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶vi djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z GB 25% cÖevn cieZ©x mg‡q yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ AviI fvMvfvwM Kiv n‡e| IB A¨vWnK Pzw³i †gqv` wba©vwiZ nq 1985 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î ch©š—| `yB †`k G g‡g© m¤§Z nq †h, `yB †`‡ki cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPeiv 90 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GB GWnK Pzw³i AvbyôvwbK WKz‡g‡›Uk‡bi KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡e| cieZ©x mg‡q Zv †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi we‡ePbvi Rb¨ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡e| Gici `yB †`‡ki cvwb mwPeMY K‡qK `dv êV‡K wgwjZ nb, wKš‘ Zviv A¨vWnK Pzw³i AvbyôvwbK WKz‡g‡›Ukb Kvh©µgwU m¤úv`‡b e¨_© nb| `yB mwPe wZ —vi †gvU cÖev‡ni cwigvY, yB †`‡ki wnm¨v †Kv_v †_‡K eÈb Kiv n‡e, †Kvb mg‡q eÈb Kiv n‡e, Kx c×wZ‡Z eÈb Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw` ¸i”Z¡c~Y© wel‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi HKg‡Z¨ DcbxZ n‡Z e¨_© nq| Gw`‡K A¨vWnK Pzw³i †gqvÌ DËxY© n‡q hvq †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ejer nIqvi Av‡MB| 1985 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m fviZ I evsjv‡`k `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ dviv°vq M½vi cÖevn eÈ‡bi j‡¶¨ wØZxq GKwU mg‡SvZv ¯§viK ev †g‡gv‡iÛvg Ae AvÛvi÷¨vwÛs ^v¶i K‡i| †mB mg‡SvZv ¯§vi‡Ki avivevwnKZvq fviZ I evsjv‡`k wZ —vi b`xi Ici fviZxq †`v‡gvnwb †÷kb Ges evsjv‡`wk Wvwjqv †÷k‡bi nvB‡WªvjwRK¨vj Z_¨-DcvË 31 wW‡m¤î, 1985 ch©š— nvjbvMv` K‡i wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ wewbgq K‡i| Gici `yÕc‡¶i we‡klÁiv IB Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi h_v_©Zv cix¶v K‡i †`‡Lb| `yÕc¶ wZ¯—v b`xi `yB †÷k‡bi cvwbi jf¨Zvi Z‡_ï g‡a¨ m½wZ Av‡Q e‡j j¶ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K `yÕc¶ `yÕ‡`‡ki wZ¯—v b`xi cvwbi Pvwn`v msµvš— Z‡_ïI wKQyUv wewbgq K‡i AvM÷ 1986 mv‡j| G wewbg‡qi mgq evsjv‡`k c¶ 2025 mvj ch©š— wZ¯—v b`xi cvwbi Pvwn`v †h iKg hyw³m½Zfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj fviZxq c¶ ZZUv K‡iwb| †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 29Zg êV‡Ki mgq `yÕc¶ wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈ‡bi A¨vWnK Pzw³i †gqv` 31 wW‡m¤î, 1987 ZvwiL ch©š— e„w× Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq Ges `yÕ‡`‡ki cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPeØq‡K Zv h_vh_ WzK‡g‡›U wjwce× Ki‡Z e‡j| mwPe g‡nv`qiv K‡qK`dv †Póv Pvwj‡qI GB WKz‡g‡›Ukb Kvh©µgwU mgvavb Ki‡Z cybivq e¨_© nb| A¨vWnK Pzw³i ewa©Z †gqvÌ BwZg‡a¨ †kl n‡q hvq| 1988 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ kxl© ch©v‡qi êV‡Ki mgq evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi miKvicÖavbiv `yB miKv‡ii cvwbm¤ú` mwPe‡ì `xN©‡gqvw` ev ’vqx wfwË‡Z wZ —vi cvwb yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eÈ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU dgy©jv

cÖYq‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| cieZ©x mg‡q 1990 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 31Zg êV‡K `yÕc¶ cieZ©x ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi Av‡MB wZ —vi cvwb eÈb Pzw³‡Z DcbxZ nIqvi j‡¶¨ „p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i|

b`x| 15

Gme wb‡`©‡ki d‡j `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ cvwbm¤ú` mwPe ch©v‡q 1990-92 mgqKv‡j Aš—Z Qq`dv Av‡jvPbv êVK nq| Z‡e mvdj¨ †Zgb wKQy †`Lv hvqwb| GB Qq`dv êV‡Ki mgq cvi¯úwiK m¤§wZi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`k c¶ GKwU êV‡K wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈ‡bi myweav‡_© fviZxq wZ —v e¨v‡i‡Ri GKwU we —vwiZ Acv‡ikbvj c − vb Dc¯’vcb K‡i| wKš‘ fviZxq c¶ GB Acv‡ikbvj c− v‡bi Ici Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡iwb| Gi c‡ii K‡qK eQ‡i wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb wel‡q Av‡jvPbvq †Zgb †Kv‡bv AMÖMwZ nqwb| 1996 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤i evsjv‡`k I fviZ dviv°vq ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g M½vi cvwb eÈ‡bi Rb¨ 30 eQi‡gqvw` GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i| GB Pzw³i bq b¤i Aby‡”Q‡` `yÕc¶ G g‡g© cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i †h, mgZv, b¨vqvbyMZv Ges G‡K Ac‡ii ¶wZ bv Kivi †gŠwjK Av`‡k©i Av‡jv‡K ch©vqµ‡g Ab¨vb¨ Awfbœ b`xi cvwb cvi¯úwiKfv‡e ’vqx/`xN©‡gqvw` wfwË‡Z eÈ‡bi j‡¶¨ Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡e| GiB avivevwnKZvq fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb 1997 mv‡j Ab¨vb¨ Awfbœ b`xi cvwb eÈb dgy©jv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ we‡klÁ KwgwU MVb K‡i| `yÕ‡`‡ki cvwbm¤ú` mwPeiv G KwgwUi cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1997 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m GB mwPe ch©v‡qi we‡klÁ KwgwUi cÖ_g êVK evsjv‡`‡ki wZ¯—v euva GjvKv Z_v Wvwjqvq AbywôZ nq| GB cÖ_g êV‡K yÕc¶B h_vwkMwMi m¤¢e Pzw³‡Z DcbxZ nIqvi j‡¶¨ `„p A½xKvi e¨³ K‡i| G êV‡K wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb welqwU‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q †mB mvZwU b`x h_vÑ wZ —v, aijv, yaKzgvi, gby, †LvqvB, †MvgwZ, gyûix b`xi cvwb eÈb dgy©jv D™¢ve‡bi Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq| Gi c‡ii BwZnvm wKš‘ AbïKg| Avgvi Rvbvg‡Z, †hŠ_ we‡klÁ KwgwUi cÖvq 10wU êVK G ch©š— AbywôZ n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ A_©en †Zgb wKQyB nqwb| we‡klÁ KwgwUi wØZxq êV‡K yÕc¶ GKgZ nq †h, ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g wZ —v b`x‡Z †h cwigvY cvwb cÖevwnZ nq Zv `yÕ‡`‡ki Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq wbZvš—B AcÖZzj| Aciw`‡K wZ —v b`xi ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi cÖev‡ni cwigvY e„w× Z_v AM‡g‡›Uk‡biI †Zgb †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB| GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z `yÕc¶ `yÕ‡`‡k wZ —vi cvwb jf¨Zvi cwigvY I Pvwn`v cwigvY wbiƒc‡Yi j‡¶¨ cuvP eQi‡gqvw` GKwU †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶v cwiPvjbv Ki‡e e‡j GK gZ nq| G mgx¶v PjvKvjxb wZ¯—vi cvwb `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eÈ‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb Pzw³ ejer _vK‡e e‡j `yÕc¶ GKgZ nq| Gici GB †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶vi Uvg©m Ae †idvÝ, Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb Pzw³i aib BZ¨vw` wel‡q `yÕc‡¶i g‡a¨ cÖPzi Av‡jvPbv I weZK© AbywôZ n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ Kv‡Ri KvR wKQyB nqwb| Gici 2004 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m fvi‡Zi w`wj−‡Z AbywôZ KwgwUi lô êV‡K GKwU fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ KvwiMwi MÖ”c MVb Kiv nq Ges IB KwgwU‡K wZ¯—vi me

16| b`x

Awb®úbœ welqvw` we‡ePbv Kivi ci wbgœewY©Z `ywU cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Kivi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq : Ñ wZ —vi cvwbi jf¨Zv I Pvwn`v wbiƒc‡Yi j‡¶¨ †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶vi Uvg©m Ae †idv‡iÝ| Ñ †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶v PjvKvjxb mg‡q ejer Kivi Rb¨ yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ wZ —vi ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi cÖevn eÈ‡bi j‡¶¨ GKwU Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb Pzw³i Lmov| cieZ©x mg‡q †hŠ_ KvwiMwi MÖ”c Zvi Ici `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bq| cÖ_‡gB G MÖ”c yÕ‡`‡k wZ¯—v b`x I Gi Ici wbf©ikxj wewfbœ GjvKv, `yÕ‡`‡ki wbwg©Z e¨v‡iR, K¨v‡bj wm‡÷g BZ¨vw` m‡iRwgb cwi`k©b K‡i Ges bvbvwea Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ K‡i| KvwiMwi MÖ”c j¶ K‡i †h, `yÕ‡`k wbgœewY©Z welqvw`‡Z GLbI HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡iwb| K. †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶vi Uvg©m Ae †idv‡iÝ msµvš— : * mgx¶v GjvKv wba©viY ev wPwýZKiY| * Dfq †`‡k wZ —v b`x‡Z cvwbi jf¨Zv/cÖvc¨Zv wbiƒcY| * cÖwZwU †`‡k wZ¯—vi cvwbi Pvwn`v wbiƒcY| L. wZ¯—vi Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb cvwb eÈb Pzw³ mswk−ó : * wZ¯—vi b`x LvZ msi¶Y Ges b`xi wbR¯^ cÖvK…wZK ¸Yv¸Y eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ b`xi wbR¯^ wnm¨vi cwigvY wba©viY| * ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb Pzw³i Aax‡b wZ —vi cÖev‡ni Ici evsjv‡`‡ki Ges fvi‡Zi wbR wbR wnm¨vi cwigvY wba©viY Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wnm¨vi M¨vivw›U| * Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb Pzw³ cÖYq‡bi myweav‡_© evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Z wZ —v b`xi wewfbœ mvB‡U cÖev‡ni †hŠ_ cwigvc| * cvwbi ¸YMZgvb Ges b`xi Ici wbf©ikxj cÖK…wZi h_vh_ msi¶Y| GLv‡b GKwU welq we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq, AZx‡Z fviZ I evsjv‡`k Awfbœ b`xi cvwb eÈb welqK Av‡jvPbvq †Kej cvwbi cwigvY wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡QÑ G cvwbi ¸YMZgv‡bi wel‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi K_vevZ©v KL‡bvB nqwb| GKgvÎ wZ —vi cvwb eÈb welqK Av‡jvPbv‡ZB evsjv‡`k `‡ji †Rvi †Póvi d‡j Av‡jvPbvq `ywU bZzb Dcv`vb ms‡hvwRZ nq| Gi GKwU n‡”Q eÈb Kiv cvwbi ¸YMZ gvb Ges wb‡R‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ b`xi wnm¨v wn‡m‡e cvwbi Pvwn`v wbiƒcY I eivÏKiY| 1987 mv‡ji ci AvR 2010 mvj Pj‡Q; wKš‘ wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb wel‡q †Kv‡bv AMÖMwZB nqwb| mwZ¨ ej‡Z †M‡j evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ wZ —vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ïi” nq †mB 1972 mv‡j| mgq Mwo‡q hv‡”Q; G mgm¨v hZw`b Sz‡j _vK‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v_© ZZB ¶zYœ n‡e| wZ¯—vi cÖev‡ni Ici evsjv‡`‡ki 10 j¶vwaK †n±i GjvKv GKvš—fv‡eB wbf©ikxj| GB wekvj

b`x| 17

AÂ‡ji Rxeb-RxweKv, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, Av_©-mvgvwRK eë ’vi Ici wZ —vi cvwbi ¸i”Z¡c~Y© cÖfve i‡q‡Q; wKš‘ hZ w`b hv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g wZ —vi cÖevn µ‡gB K‡g hv‡”QÑ d‡j gvi Lv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi ª cxwoZ K…lK I Avcvgi RbmvaviY| `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK eÜyZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© eRvq ivLvi ^v‡_©B wZ —vi cvwb eÈb welqwUi Avï myivnv nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, Ab¨_vq fzj

†evSveywS Ah_v e„w× cvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e g‡b Kwi wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb mgm¨vwUi mgvavb †Zgb KwVb †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi bq| KviY 1996 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤î fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z M½vi cvwb eÈb Pzw³i 9 bs Aby‡”Q‡`B wKš‘ mgvav‡bi my›ì GKwU m~Î †Ìqv i‡q‡Q| ILv‡b ejv Av‡Q, wZ¯—vi cvwb `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ mgZv, b¨vqvbyMZv I G‡K Ac‡ii ¶wZ bv Kivi Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| †m wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k c¶ KZ…©K Dc¯’vwcZ cÖ¯—veB m‡e©vËg| evsjv‡`k cÖ¯—ve K‡i‡Q †h, wZ —vi †gvU cÖev‡ni 40 fvM cv‡e evsjv‡`k, 40 fvM cv‡e fviZ Ges 20 fvM eivÏ _vK‡e b`xi wnm¨v wn‡m‡e hv †Kej b`x KZ…©KB eënƒZ n‡e| GQvovI wZ¯—vi cvwbi gvb hv‡Z Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ^xK…Z ¸Ym¤úbœ nq †m eë¯’vI Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Gi Av‡M 1983 mv‡j evsjv‡`k I fviZ GKwU A¨vWnK Pzw³‡Z DcbxZ n‡qwQj, hv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki wnm¨v wQj 36 fvM, fvi‡Zi 39 fvM Ges Avb-A¨v‡jv‡K‡UW ev b`xi wnm¨v wQj 25 fvM, myZivs G‡Kev‡i Avb‡Kviv bZzb †Kv‡bv dgy©jv wb‡q yÕc¶ K_v ej‡Q bv| G‡¶‡Î Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e g‡b Kwi, cvwb eÈb Av‡jvPbvq mswk−ó `yÕc¶‡KB Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wZ¯—vi eZ©gvb cÖev‡ni cwigv‡Yi †Kv‡bv ai‡bi AM‡g‡›Uk‡bi ev e„w× Kivi my‡hvM †bBÑ KviY fviZ Zvi wMj‡Lvjv wiRvf©vi cÖ —ve evwZj K‡i‡Q f‚wgK‡¤úi ¶wZ Avk¼v K‡i| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g wZ —vi cvwb AviI †ewk n‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv `yÕc‡¶i Rb¨| wKš‘ AvcvZ`„wó‡Z Zv m¤¢e bq| G Ae ’vq GKc¶ KZ…©K cÖ —vweZ cuvP eQi‡gqvw` †hŠ_ êÁvwbK mgx¶v Kx Ae`vb ivL‡e, †mwUB †evaMg¨ bq| †hŠ_ mgx¶v wK wZ —vi †gvU cÖev‡n GK †duvUvI e„w× NUv‡Z cvi‡e? ZvB hw` bv nq Z‡e G †hŠ_ mgx¶vi bv‡g cuvPwU g~jëvb eQi AcP‡qi †Kv‡bv †hŠw³KZv wK Av‡Q| †KD †KD `vwe K‡ib †h, `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eÈ‡bi Rb¨ wZ¯—v b`x cÖev‡ni cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ Avkcv‡ki (we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`k f‚L‡Ê) f‚M‡f©i cvwbi cwigvY‡KI Aš—fz©³ Ki‡Z n‡e| A_P GwU cÖwZwôZ mZ¨ †h, wZ —vi cÖevn ej‡Z wZ¯—vi b`x Lv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ f‚cwi¯’ cvwbi cwigvY‡KB †evSvq| GK_v mevB‡K eyS‡Z n‡e †h, evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËi iscyi, w`bvRcyi GjvKvi f‚M‡f©i cvwbi AwaKvsk cwigv‡YiB wZ¯—v b`xi cÖev‡ni m‡½ mivmwi †Kv‡bv ms‡hvM †bB| G Ae ’vq

18| b`x

Avkcv‡ki f‚M‡f©i cvwb‡K wZ —vi cÖev‡ni Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ePbvi `vwe †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †av‡c †U‡K bv| Av‡iKwU K_v bv ej‡jB bq| fvi‡Zi wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g wZ —v b`xi cvwb wZ¯—v-wbf©i (wZ¯—vi AeevwnKvfz³) GjvKvi evB‡i †mB my ~i Avmvg I wenvi cÖ‡`‡ki †m‡Pi Rb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡e| ^xq AeevwnKv †_‡K wZ¯—vi cvwb Ab¨Î idZvwbi G eë¯’v †Kv‡bvg‡ZB MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv Avš—R©vwZK ixwZbxwZ Abyhvqx| evsjv‡`‡ki e¨v‡iR w`‡q wKš‘ †Kej wZ¯—v AeevwnKv AÂ‡jB †mP myweav cÖ v‡bi eë ’v i‡q‡Q| mv¤úÖwZKKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi fviZ mdiKv‡j yÕ‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xØq AwP‡iB wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈ‡bi j‡¶¨ GKwU Pzw³‡Z DcbxZ nIqvi wel‡q „p Avkvev` e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Avwg me©vš—Ki‡Y Avkv Kie hv‡Z Zv‡ì G Avkvev` ev¯—eiƒc cwiMÖn K‡i| A‡bK †`wi n‡q †M‡Q G mgm¨vwUi Avï mgvavb `yÕ‡`‡ki Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi ¯^v‡_© LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| †kl Kivi Av‡M Avwg GKwU K_vB eje †h, wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈ‡bi Rb¨ `yÕ‡`k †h Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Ki‡e Zv wKš‘ `yÕ‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ evwK 52wU b`xi cvwb eÈb †¶‡Î GKwU Precedence ev D`vniY n‡q _vK‡e| ZvB Avgv‡ì A‡bK †f‡ewP‡š—B P‚ovš— c`‡¶cwU wb‡Z n‡e| Avwg Kvqg‡bvev‡K¨ cÖv_©bv Kwi, me‡k‡l hv‡Z ïfeyw×iB Rq nq| MZ 17-18 gvP©, 2010 Zvwi‡L fvi‡Zi bqvw`j−x‡Z fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi 37Zg êVKwU AbywôZ nq| mviv evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Aaxi AvMÖn wb‡q GB êV‡Ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q wQj| †Kbbv `yÕ†`‡kiB miKvwi †bZ…e„›` G g‡g© Avk^vm w`‡qwQ‡jb †h IB êV‡KB wZ —vi cvwb e›Ub welqK GKwU Pzw³ yÕ†`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z n‡e| wKš‘ G êV‡K wZ —vi cvwb eÈ‡bi j‡¶¨ ’vqx

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b`x| 19

Rb ^v‡_©i GKwU Bmy : AwfÁZvK_b wnjvj d‡qRx gvK©mev`x GKwU `jKvVv‡gv †_‡K m‡PZbfv‡e wb‡R‡K mwi‡q G‡bwQjvg †mwU‡K mgvR cwieZ©‡bi Dchy³ evnb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Z bv cvivi Rb¨| weKí Avi †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK evnbI g‡b aij bv| wb‡R GKwU h_vh_ ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqvi m~Pbv Kie, †Zgb †hvM¨ bB| Ggwb cUf~wg‡Z †h †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ‡ZB mvgvwRK I Rb¯^v‡_©i Bmy¨‡Z mwµq _vKvi beeªZ wbjvg| GKwU †`‡ki cÖavb †bZ…Z¡, Wvb-evg-ga¨ GK‡hv‡M, hLb civkw³‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi Dš§v`bvi wkKvi n‡q c‡o, ZLb Zvi wnmve n‡q hvq AbïKg| Zvi wfkb uvo Kiv‡bv nq AvMvgx GKkÕ eQ‡ii Rb¨, Zvi R¡vjvwb I Lv`¨ wbivcËv weav‡b GK wekvj web¨vm uvo Kiv‡bv nq, Zvi mvgwiK wbivcËvi bxjbKkv µ‡gB me©MÖvmx welv³ n‡q c‡o| GgbB civkw³‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi fq¼i gv`Kvmw³‡Z GK‡kl Gwkqvq GLb MYPxb Ges fviZ| fvi‡Zi GKvs‡k hLb cÖej c−veb, Ab¨ As‡k RjmsK‡Ui Liv| GB msKU †NvPv‡Z GKv‡ji ZzNjKiv 2000 mv‡ji w`‡K c„w_exi wekvjZg wmwfj BwÄwbqvwis wbg©vY KvVv‡gvi GK cÖKU cÖKí nvwRi Kij| †m †`‡ki 37wU b`x‡K 30wU ms‡hvM Lv‡ji ga¨ w`‡q hy³ K‡i DËi †_‡K `w¶‡Y, c~e© †_‡K cwð‡g cvwb wb‡q hvIqvi GK Acvi ¯^cœ-cÖK‡í fviZevmx‡K gvwZ‡q w`‡Z PvBj Z`vbxš—b Wvb †bZ…Z¡| Ks‡MÖm‡K hw` ewj ga¨cwš’, wmwcGg‡K evgcwš’, Zvn‡j eje GB ¯^cœ-cÖK‡í Wvb-evg-ga¨ ej‡Z †M‡j GK‡hv‡MB cÖevwnZ n‡jv | we‡RwcIqvjviv `w¶Y fvi‡Zi mvaviY gvbyl‡K †evSvj, Gevi Lvj †K‡U M½vi cweÎ Rj †Zvgv‡ì †`vi‡Mvovq wb‡q AvmwQ| ag©cÖvY mij gvbyl A‡b‡K we‡kl NU evwb‡q A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vKj K‡e M½vi Rj LvjevwnZ n‡q nvRvi wK‡jvwgUvi ~iZ¡¡ †_‡K Zv‡ì N‡i †cuuŠQy‡e| †Muv‡d Zv w`‡Z _vK‡jb KbmvjU¨v›U g‡nv`‡qiv, wekvjvqZb wbg©vY cÖwZôvb¸‡jv, bvbvwea mieivnKvix, myPZzi Avgjv I Ôcvwb we‡klÁÕ KwZcq cwÊZ| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì m‡½ ˆZwi n‡jv wbweo AuvZvZ| mycvi cvIqvi fvi‡Zi PvB wek^‡iKW© fvOv mycvi cÖKí| hv‡Z H AuvZvZ-†gŠZvZx‡ì n‡e mycvi cÖwdU| ÔAvš—tb`x ms‡hvM cÖKíÕwU gv‡V bvgv‡bv n‡jv ZvB h‡_ó ˆn-î K‡i| MYPx‡b ZK©-weZ‡K©i MYZš¿ †bB| AZGe †m‡`‡k cÖK…wZwebvkx wekvj cÖK‡íI wfbœmy‡i K_v ejvi my‡hvM †bB| fviZxq MYZ‡š¿i kZ mxgve×Zvi wfZiI wfbœgZ-wfbœmy‡ii MYgyLx K_v ïb‡Z †cjvg| Avš—tb`x ms‡hvM cÖK‡íi c¶-wec¶ bvbv hyw³i †fZi Aš—Z GUzKz eyS‡Z m¶g njvg : 1. cÖK…wZ‡Z wekvj cÖfve m„wóKvix GZ eo cÖKí ÔûUÕ K‡i bvgv‡bv h_vh_ bq,

20| b`x

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b`x| 21

hvi g~j cwiKíbvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj KjKvZv e›`‡ii bve¨Zv evov‡bv| bv, D‡Ïk¨ c~iY nqwb| bve¨Zv ev‡owb, eis GB e¨vivR cwðge‡½i gvj`v‡Z M½vq me©bvkv fvOb †W‡K G‡b‡Q| dviv°vi DRv‡bB wenvi I DËicÖ‡`‡k †mP Kv‡Ri Rb¨ M½vi cvwb Ggbfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡”Q †h dviv°v ch©š— Dchy³ cvwb †g‡j bv ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g| wecbœ evsjv‡`‡k jvjb (nvwW©Ä) †mZzi wb‡P cÙv ïwK‡q hvq cy‡ivcywi, wekvj GjvKvq gi”KiY, Av‡m©wb‡Ki wecyj we —vi, K…wl‡Z e¨vcK wech©q, †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i mgy‡ ªi jeYv³Zvi me©bvkv _vev, my›ìe‡bi gnvmsKUMÖ¯— Rxe‰ewPÎ¨| dviv°v e¨vivR ˆZwi K‡i hviv Gcvi evsjv-Icvi evsjvi Ggb me©bvk Ki‡jb, Zv‡ì gvbeZvwe‡ivax UªvBey bv‡j wePvi KiviI my‡hvM †bB| Zviv ÔAwe‡ePbvcÖm~ZÕ cÖKíwUi Rb¨ Ô`ytwLZÕ ejviI my‡hvM cv‡”Qb bv| Zv‡ì DËim~wi †bZ…‡Z¡i †fZiI mZ¨ ^xKv‡ii mr mvnm †`wL bv| dviv°v euva Kwgk‡bi mgq fvi‡ZI cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek m‡PZbZvi mc‡¶i kw³ †Zgb mej wQj bv| evsjv‡`‡k dviv°v euv‡ai wei”‡× cÖwZev‡` weÁvbm¤§Z Z_¨-DcvËwfwËK msMÖv‡gi †P‡q ÔivR‰bwZK-mv¤úÖ vwqKÕ iOwU wQj Pov| dviv°v euv‡ai wei”‡× evsjv‡`‡ki evg MYZvwš¿K kw³i GKwU eo Ask †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡iwb, bxie wQj Zviv| Wvbcwš’-mv¤úÖ vwqK kw³i Kv‡Q Zviv Bmy¨wU‡K cy‡ivcywi ÔIqvKIfviÕ w`‡q w`‡qwQj| GwU ˆbwZKfv‡e GKwU eo ÔAcivaÕ g‡b n‡Zv Avgvi| fvi‡Zi gwbcy‡i Awfbœ eivK-†gNbv b`xi Ici wUcvBgyL bvgK ¯’v‡b †gMveuva ïay cÖKí-cÖ —vebv ch©v‡q, wbg©vY KvR ïi”B nqwb| GLbB mgq| Ggwb cwiw ’wZ‡Z Av‡M †_‡KB Dchy³ cÖwZev` ïi” KivwU‡K ivR‰bwZK-Av`wk©K KZ©e¨ g‡b Kijvg| cvkvcvwk dviv°veuva‡Kw›`ªK ÔAciva‡evaÕwU nvjKv Ki‡Z cÖe„Ë njvg| 2004 mv‡j ÔwUcvBgyL euvaÕ cÖm½ wb‡q †Lv` wm‡j‡U hLb AewnwZ-Av‡jvPbv mfvq †Mjvg, †`Ljvg †mLvbKvi evg-wk‡ivcvi cÖavb †bZviv ch©š— ÔwUcvBgyLÕ bvgwU †kv‡bbwb| RwKMÄ mxgvš— †_‡K AvKvkc‡_ gvÎ GKkÕ wK‡jvwgUvi ~‡i cÖvq 500 dzU DuPz 14kÕ dzU `xN© wekvj euva eivK b`xi Ici wbwg©Z n‡Z hv‡”Q, Ggb fq¼i LeiwU wm‡j‡Ui AvIqvgx-weGbwc-RvgvqvZ I evgkw³i †KD iv‡Lbwb| Z‡e wm‡jU Dr‡mi D¾¡j e¨w³Z¡ Gg G gywnZ wQ‡jb e¨wZµgx GKRb, whwb wUcvBgyL euva cÖKíwUi cÖ¯‘wZK_v I wec¾bKZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡M †_‡KB AewnZ I m‡PZb wQ‡jb| m~Pbv †_‡KB wZwb Avgv‡ì msMÖv‡gi wbweo wgÎ I kw³iƒ‡c f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Qb| cieZ©x mg‡q evgkw³i †fZi G Bmy¨wU wb‡q Ôevm`Õ avivevwnKfv‡e mwµq n‡q‡Q, Avgv‡ì msM„nxZ Z_¨ Avgiv evm`‡K mieivn K‡iwQ| Avm‡j ÔwUcvBgyLÕ bv‡g †h MÖvg Ges GjvKvwU‡Z GB euvawU n‡”Q, †mB ÔwUcvBgyLÕ bvgwU †m AÂ‡j †bŠc‡_ †hme evOvwj Kvievwi †h‡Zb Zv‡ìB †Ìqv| bvMv I gwbcy‡ii cve©Z¨ GjvKv †_‡K

22| b`x

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b`x| 23

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24| b`x

GB m‡¤§j‡b cÖavb êÁvwbK K_K wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ cvwb we‡klÁ Aa¨vcK AvBbyb wbkvZ| Zvi ¶ziavi hyw³ Avgv‡ì m‡¤§j‡bi g~j Ávbkw³ wn‡m‡e ùzwiZ n‡qwQj| gvneyeyj Bmjvg, Ave yi iwk` Ges wgwni miKv‡ii gZ †gŠwjK ivR‰bwZK eÜz‡ì f~wgKv GB Avš—R©vwZK m‡¤§jbwU msMV‡b Kvh©Ki f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| A¨vKkb GBW evsjv‡`k GB m‡¤§j‡b M‡elK I Dbœqb msMVK Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb-Gi D‡`¨v‡M AvswkK mg_©b hywM‡qwQj| m‡¤§jb †kl bv n‡ZB Rvbjvg 2005 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡iB `vwqZ¡cÖvß fvi‡Zi †K› ªxq miKv‡ii †Kv¤úvwb wbc‡Kv wUcvBgyL euva wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Avš—R©vwZK †UÛvi AvnŸvb K‡i‡Q, †h Lei GgbwK fviZxq cÖwZwbwa‡ìI Rvbv wQj bv| 2006 mv‡ji †deª”qvwi‡Z †UÛvicÎ weµ‡qi K_v, †mw`b †`†ki bvbv ¯’v‡b Kv‡jv cZvKv †`Lvjvg| GwcÖ‡j †UÛvi Rgv †Ìqvi w`‡b †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖv‡š— cÖZxK †UÛvi ev· f¯§xf‚Z Kivi Kg©m~wP cvwjZ n‡jv| Rvbv †Mj, †UÛv‡i Ask wb‡q‡Q MYPxb, fviZ, Rvcvb I Biv‡bi AvUwU euva wbg©vZv cÖwZôvb| 2006 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤i †Mvc‡b fvi‡Zi `yÕRb gš¿x wUcvBgyL euvawUi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb Ki‡jb wUcvBgyL cÖvš—‡i| 2006 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m XvKvq RvZxq civgk© mfvi Av‡qvRb Kijvg, †hLv‡b Aa¨vcK AvBbyb wbkvZ, Avgv‡ì msMÖv‡gi cÖavb Ávbkw³, wZwb wK-bv Zvi e³‡e¨ e‡j DV‡jb, fviZ †Zv wUcvBgyL euva Ki‡eB-AZGe Drcvw`Z we y ‡Zi fvM †bIqvUv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ eyw×gËvi KvR n‡e| W. wbkvZ Rvbv‡jb, Gi KÕw`b Av‡M bqvw`wj−‡Z wZwb wM‡qwQ‡jb, †mLvbKvi Z_¨vwfÁ gn‡ji m‡½ Avjvcµ‡gB wZwb GUv ej‡Qb| †`‡ki Amv¤úÖ vwqK-MYZvwš¿K gn‡ji bvbvRb‡K †evSv‡Z PvBjvg, †`Lyb `w¶Ycwš’iv bvbv Kvi‡Y GLb Pzc; wKš‘ Iiv †h †Kv‡bv mg‡q G Bmy¨‡Z mie n‡q G‡K wec¾bK mv¤úÖ`vwqK iƒc w`‡q m —vq evRvigvZ K‡i †`‡e| Avcbviv Av‡M †_‡KB hw` G Bmy¨‡Z mie Ges my¯úó Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib, Zvn‡j wKš‘ Iiv c‡i msKxY©-we‡Ølx ivRbxwZi †Zgb evRvi cv‡e bv| bv, Amv¤úÖ`vwqK-MYZvwš¿K kw³ bM` ivRbxwZi bM` P°‡i ZLb †Zgb Mv K‡iwb| A‡b‡K A½xKvi msMVb Ges Avgv‡KB eis Ômv¤úÖ vwqKÕ wn‡m‡e GKv‡š— wPwýZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 2007 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m ivR‰bwZK RwUjgyn~‡Z© Ri”wi Ae ’vi †fZi †`‡ki A‡bK b`x‡Z †bŠ-mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb K‡i wUcvBgyL euva Bmy¨wU‡K Rxeš— K‡i ivLjvg| myigv b`xi †bŠ-mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b wm‡j‡U cÖKv‡k¨ †hvM w`‡jb gywnZ fvB| bvbviƒc †QvU-eo Kg©m~wPi ga¨ w`‡q Avgv‡ì KvR Pjj| Gw`‡K Ô†bv Uz wUcvBgyL W¨vgÕ bv‡g GKwU eo cÖKvkbv w`‡q Avš—R©vwZK wUcvBgyL euva m‡¤§jb 2005-Gi Kvh©weeiYxmn bvbvwea Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi fvÊvi Dcnvi w`jvg Pjgvb Av‡›`vjb‡K| †cv÷vi, wjd‡jU BZ¨vwì cvkvcvwk AvKl©Yxq ÔcvIqvi

b`x| 25

c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›UkbÕ w`‡q Avgv‡ì msMÖv‡gi cÖPviYvi w`KwU‡K gReyZ Ki‡Z cÖqvmx njvg| 2008 mv‡ji gv‡P© mybvgMÄ-wm‡jU 75 wK‡jvwgUvi myigv †bŠ-Awfhv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wUcvBgyL euvawe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b begvÎv hy³ n‡jv| 2008 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i fviZ miKv‡ii wbw ©ó gš¿Yvjq cÖKíwU‡K Ôcwi‡ek QvocÎÕ cÖ`vb Ki‡j Avgiv Z`vbxš—b ZË¡veavqK miKvi‡K bxieZv fvOvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q msev` m‡¤§jb Kijvg| 8 b‡f¤î 2008 Zvwi‡L Avgiv XvKvq kvnevM PZ¡‡i cÖZxK cwi‡ek QvocÎ Dwo‡q, R¡vwj‡q-cywo‡q Kg©m~wP cvjb Kijvg| wbe©vPbx Wvgv‡Wv‡ji G mg‡q †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j wKsev Bmjvgx †Mvôx GKwU cÖwZev‡ì kãI ZLb D”PviY K‡iwb| 2008 mv‡ji 29 wW‡m¤î AbywôZ beg RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM-gnv‡RvU ¶gZvq G‡jv| 25 †deª”qvwi wewWAvi we‡`ªv‡n Avgv‡ì ivóªeë¯’v I msm`xq MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv wecbœ n‡q coj| bech©v‡q cÖ —vweZ wUcvBgyL euva Av‡›`vjb †Kvb& ai‡bi m„Rbkxj Dcv‡q AMÖmi KieÑ GgbUv hLb fvewQ Z¶zwb fvi‡Zi Z`vbxš—b ciivóª mwPe Ges eZ©gvb cÖavb wbivcËv Dc‡`óv wkeksKi †gbb wewWAvi we‡`ªv‡n wech©¯— evsjv‡`‡k GwcÖj, 2009-G G‡m ÔfviZ wUcvBgyL euva wbg©v‡Y cÖ¯‘ZÕ †NvlYv w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki mnvqZv PvB‡jb| Ggwb †NvlYvq †fv‡U †KvYVvmv we‡ivaxc¶, weGbwc-RvgvqvZ-Bmjvgx-ag©xq mv¤úÖ`vwqK †Mvôx †hb a‡o cvwb wd‡i †cj| Ggb GKUv Mig Bmy wg‡j hvIqvi ci Z_¨-DcvË cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© bvbv fzj cwimsL¨vb I we‡k−−lY cÖ`vb K‡i Zviv gv‡V †b‡g G‡jv| miKvi n‡q coj AcÖ¯‘Z| wm‡j‡U myigv b`xi NvU‡K M¨vjvwi mvwR‡q †bŠKv‡K w¯úKv‡ii gÂ evwb‡q GK †Lvjv AvKvk MYcvj©v‡g‡›Ui Av‡qvRb K‡i 22 GwcÖj 2009 Zvwi‡L mvov RvMv‡bv Kg©m~wP‡Z Avgiv Bmy wU m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Z_¨ w`‡q Rvbvjvg : wUcvBgyL euva dviv°vi g‡Zv cvwb mwi‡q †b‡e bv e‡U| GgbwK G euv‡a myigv b`xi cvwbi D”PZvI Kg‡e bv| Z‡e wekvj euv‡a bvbviƒc ¶wZ n‡eB| evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e© As‡k †`‡ki GK-lôgvsk fvM Ry‡o weivRgvb nvI‡ii cvwb mgqg‡Zv wbM©Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv, Rjve×Zvq GK dmwj nvIiI wech©¯— n‡q co‡e| wewfbœ wgwWqv I P¨v‡b‡j A½xKvi msMV‡bi m~‡Î Z_¨-DcvË I cÖKvkbvi eënv‡i, UK †kv‡Z A½xKvi cÖwZwbwa‡K Avgš¿YÑBZ¨vwì ga¨ w`‡q Amv¤úÖ vwqK-MYZvwš¿K kw³i c‡¶ cwi®‹vi Ae ’vb e¨³ n‡jv| evcv, wmwcwe, evm`, IqvK©vm© cvwU© cÖf…wZ msMVb gv‡V bvgvq weGbwc-RvgvqvZ-Bmjvgx †Mvôxi †Zvo‡Rvo GKK I me©MÖvmx n‡q DVj bv| Gw`‡K 19 Ryb 2009 Zvwi‡L Avgiv RvZxq wUcvBgyL euva m‡¤§jb 2009 AvnŸvb Kijvg, cÖavb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e Avgš¿Y Rvbvjvg G †`‡ki cwi‡ek-Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb e¨w³Z¡ miKv‡ii A_©gš¿x GGgG gywnZ‡K| ZZw`‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡i Ici GB Bmy ‡Z †Kv‡bviƒc K_v bv ejvi ûKzg Rvwi n‡q †M‡Q| †h wUcvBgyL

26| b`x

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b`x| 27

euva wbwg©Z nIqv DwPZ bq, G K_vwU †kL nvwmbv fviZxq cÖavbgš¿x‡K †hŠw³Kfv‡eB Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| 2009 mv‡j GwcÖj-RyjvB c‡e© mv‡eK evg eZ©gvb weGbwcfz³ GKRb ÔgvbevwaKviKg©xÕ GKvš— êV‡K Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jbÑ 1. Avcbvi fwel¨r Kg©m~wP‡Z weGbwc‡K Av‡Mi g‡ZvB Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡eb, Ibviv Gici †_‡K Avm‡eb; 2. weGbwc‡K Avcbv‡ì me Z_¨-DcvË-cÖKvkbv w`‡q mnvqZv Ki‡eb; 3. Rvwb Avcbvi Znwe‡ji †Rvi Kg, AZGe Avcwb Av‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi Ki‡j †m mgm¨vI _vK‡e bv| 4. Avcwb wK GKUz Ôg¨vWvgÕ-Gi m‡½ K_v ej‡eb? ejjvg, AwZw_ Avgš¿Y, Z_¨-DcvË w`‡q mnvqZv meB Kie| Avgvi ïay GKwU K_v| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mc‡¶ mk¯¿− Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQjvg| Avgvi mn‡hv×v‡ì nZ¨vKvix‡ì Mvwo‡Z ivóªxq cZvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM hviv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì †Kv‡bvw`b ¶gv Kie bv| Avi Avcbv‡ì †bZ…Z¡ hw` IB gyw³hy×we‡ivax Rvgvqv‡Zi m‡½ AvRB MuvUQov Ly‡j †d‡j wPiZ‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì cv‡k wM‡q wUcvBgyL euva cÖ‡kœ uvov‡Z GZUzKz wØav Kie bv| weGbwc ~Z wbðzc n‡q iB‡jb| wZwb †Zv Rv‡bb, Zvi wngvjqcÖgvY A¶gZv Avi

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28| b`x

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Gg.G. Kv‡mg BwcIqvc`v †_‡K cvD‡ev 1954 Ges 1955 mv‡j ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK —v‡bi fqven eb¨vi ci gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i Avf¨š—ixY welqK cÖv³b mwPe wgt †R.G. µzM Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ ÔµzM wgk‡biÕ Ab¨Zg mycvwik (1957) Abyhvqx †h c~e© cvwK¯—vb cvwb I we`y¨r Dbœqb ms¯’v (BwcIqvc`v) 1959 mv‡j hvÎv ïi” K‡iwQj, ZviB DËim~wi wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© m¤cÖwZ Aa© kZvãxi `xN© c_ AwZµg K‡i‡Q| b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨v cÖwZ‡iva, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi aŸsmhÁ †_‡K †Kvóvj †Rv‡bi Rvb-gvj i¶v, jeY cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek †_‡K `w¶YvÂ‡ji e¨vcK GjvKvi K…wl Rwg i¶v, Rjve×Zvi wbimb, †m‡Pi Rb¨ cvwb m¤ú‡ì Dbœqb, †bŠ-PjvPj Ges eb I cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ †`‡ki e¨vcK wifvi wm†óg Gi cybi”¾xeb (revival of river system), b`x kvmb, †WªwRs Ges b`x fvOb †iv‡ai †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i fzwgKvi ¸i”Z¡ Ges Acnvwh©Zv eywS‡q ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv| cvD‡ev Gi mvdj¨ wekvj weMZ 50 eQ‡i cvD‡ev Gi mvdj¨ cªf~Z| eb¨v I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi ZvÊe cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ cvD‡ev weMZ 50 eQ‡i 14,000 wKtwgt euva wbg©vY, Rjve×Zv wbim‡bi Rb¨ 3500 wKtwgt Lvj Lbb, cÖKí GjvKv †_‡K eb¨vi cvwb wbM©g‡bi Rb¨ 13,000wU my−yBm, GKvwaK e„nr †i¸‡jUi, XvKv, Puv`cyi, wmivRMÄmn 18wU kni cÖwZi¶v Ges 450 wKtwgt b`x fvOb cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’v, wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvD‡evGi mKj cÖ‡KŠkjx, Kg©KZ©v, Kg©PvixMY G mKj K…wZ‡Z¡i AwaKvix| G mKj †fŠZ ’vcbv Øviv cvD‡evGi AwR©Z K…wZZ¡ ms‡¶‡c D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i : • †ZqvËi j¶ †n±i Rwg‡K eb¨v I Rjve×Zv †_‡K gy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q; • DbœZ †mP eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Kivi gva¨‡g 93 j¶ Ub 200 wewjqb UvKvi

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GjvKv‡K †Rvqv‡ii c −veb Ges jeYv³ cvwb gy³ K‡i K…wl Drcv`‡b êc−weK weeZ©b mvab Kiv;

b`x| 29

• f~wg cybi”×vi cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g 1 j¶ †n±i Rwg mgy ª DcK‚jeZx© Rwg‡K emevm I Pvl †hvM¨ Kiv, mgy`ª n‡Z bZzb Rwg Avev‡` wb‡q G‡m Zv fzwgnxb mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

eû cÖ‡KŠkjx, Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix Rv‡bb bv • A‡b‡KB, GgbwK cvD‡ev Gi eû cÖ‡KŠkjx, Kg©KZ©v, Kg©PvixI A‡bK

¸i”Z¡c~Y© K…wZZ¡ m¤c‡K© Rv‡b bv| †hgb, cvD‡ev-Gi cÖ‡KŠkjxMY RbM‡bi AwfÁZv eë¨nvi K‡i h‡kv‡i fe`vn GjvKvq wUAviGg Gi gva¨‡g b`xi bve¨Zv cybi”×vi K‡i H GjvKvi Rjve×Zv wbim‡bi †¶‡Î GKUv bZzb c×wZ Avwe®‹vi Ges cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì GB AwfÁZv †_‡K Ávb AvniY Ki‡Q DbœZ we‡k¦i we‡klÁMY|

• 1970-1980 `k‡K hLb †Kvb `vZv ms ’v RbM‡Yi Askx`vi‡Z¡i K_v ej‡Zbbv, Gme KwgDwb÷‡ì wPš—v e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv, †m mgq j¨vÛ wi‡K¬‡gkb cÖ‡R± Ges †Wëv †W‡fjc‡g›U cÖ‡R‡± Kg©iZ cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i cÖ‡KŠkjxMY me©cÖ_g cvwb Dbœqb cÖK‡í RbMb‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv Ges cvwb eënviKvix MÖ”c (water user group) MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| cvwb Dbœqb cÖK‡í RbMb‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv Ges cvwb eënviKvix MÖ”c (water user group) MV‡bi GB D‡`¨v‡Mi K_v GKgvÎ mn‡hvMx `vZv ms ’v †b`vij¨vÛ miKvi Qvov †Kvb `vZv ms¯’v ejZ bv | `yt‡Li welq, Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ZrKjxb miKvi GUv‡K GKUv eo welq e‡j g‡b KiZb bv weavq cvD‡ev G wb‡q †ewk`~i G‡Mv‡Z cv‡iwb| GLb we‡`wk A_©vqbKvix †`k I ms ’viv RbM‡bi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i eo cÖPviK I cª‡gvUvi †m‡R‡Q|

• 1998 mv‡ji fqven eb¨vq wW,Gb,wW cÖKí Pig wec` Ges SuywKi g‡a¨ wQj, euv‡ai ye©j ’vb¸‡jv †f‡O †M‡j nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Ges kZ kZ Avav- ’vqx evwo-Ni ebvi cvwbi †Zv‡o gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ wejxb n‡q †hZ, gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv †mbv-cÖavb‡K wb‡q mKj ¯’vb cwi`k©‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb| cvD‡ev Gi cÖ‡KŠkjx Kg©KZ©v Ges Kg©PvixMY ’vbxq RbMb‡K m‡½ wb‡q wèv-ivÎx cvnviv Ges AK¬vš— cwikªg K‡i †mB euva‡K i¶v K‡i GK Abb¨ `„óvš— ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jbÑ RbMY‡K ms‡M wb‡q Amva¨ mvab Kiv hvq| H fqvbK msK‡Ui mgq bv Nywg‡q 72 N›Uv Vvq uvwo‡q euva cvnviv I i¶v KivÑ Avgvi PvKzix Rxe‡bi me©‡kªô m¥„wZ|

• †Kvb cÖKvi we‡`wk KvwiMix mvnvh¨ Qvov wZ —v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi gZ GKwU wekvj cÖKí evcvD‡ev cÖ‡KŠkjxMY mdjfv‡e wbg©vY K‡i

30| b`x

wb‡R‡ì wekvj mvg‡_©i welqwU cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| `vZv †`k¸‡jv Gi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z KzÚv‡eva K‡i, KviY Zvn‡j we‡`wk Z_vKw_Z we‡klÁ wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì hyw³ `ye©j n‡q c‡o|

Avgv‡ì ^xK…wZ †bB, ZeyI Avgiv Mwe©Z cvD‡ev Gi wekvj K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^xK…wZ †bB| A`¨vewa †Kvb cÖ‡KŠkjx wKš—y K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨ GKz‡k c`K ev ^vaxbZv c`K cvbwb| ZeyI Avgiv MwVZ| cvD‡ev Gi AR©b wb‡q †h †Kvb Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix Me©‡eva Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ¯^xK…wZi Afv‡ei Rb¨ cªPvibvi AfveB cªavbZ `vqxÑ hwÌ, cªPviYvi Rb¨ cvD‡evi GKwU cªPvibv I cªKvkbv cwi`ßi i‡q‡Q| GB `ßi‡K Zrci nIqv cª‡qvRb| cªm½Z D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, mgy ª DcK‚jxq †cvjWv†ii `~i-`~ivš— GjvKvi †jvKRb miKv‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb `ß‡ii bvg Rvb”K ev bv-RvbyK, ÔIqvc`viÕ bvg Rv‡b| eb¨v cÖwZ‡iva euva‡K Zviv ÔIqvc`vÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡i| RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK ms ’vi Rb¨ G GK wekvj cÖvwß|

cvD‡ev Gi mgv‡jvPbvI A‡bK cvD‡ev Gi K…wZZ¡ A‡bK n‡jI, mgv‡jvPbv Kg b‡n| Gi KZUvi Rb¨ cvD‡ev Gi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixMY `vqx, Avi KZUv mn‡hvMx ev wbqš¿K KZ©„c¶ `vqxÑ GB welqUv †Kvb mgv‡jvPKB we‡ePbv K‡ib bv| cvwb msµvš— †h †Kvb y‡h©v‡Mi mgq GUv j¶ Kiv hvq| m¤cÖwZ ÔAvBjvÕ y‡h©v‡Mi mgqI j¶

K‡iwQ| cvD‡ev Gi m‡PZb Kg©KZ©v-Kg©PvixMY A‡bK mgqB G wb‡q `ytL K‡ibÑ me mgv‡jvPbv cvD‡ev†KB kzb‡Z nq | Avwg Zv‡ì mnggx©| cvD‡ev m¤ú‡K© RbMb Ges wgwWqvi mgv‡jvPbv eb¨v cÖwZ‡iva msµvš— †fŠZ KvVv‡gvi AcÖZzjZv, euva †f‡O †M‡j ¶q¶wZ, †fŠZ KvVv‡gvi AcÖZzj i¶v‡e¶Y I mgqgZ †givg‡Zi Afve, A_© AcPq Ges †¶Î we‡k‡l KvRK‡g©i A ^”QZv| cÖPvibvq AvwZkh¨Zv _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš—y Awf‡hv‡Mi †KvbUvB A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Gme Awf‡hvM wb†q Ges Gi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wK KiYxq, †m m¤ú‡K© cvD‡ev‡Z wbqg wnmv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq e‡j Avgvi Rvbv †bB| G me wel‡q wbqwgZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i, †ev‡W©i KiYxq¸‡jv †evW© ch©v‡q Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †h¸‡jv †ev‡W©i AvIZvi evB‡i †m¸‡jvi Rb¨ h_vh_ KZ…©c¶‡K wjL‡Z n‡e Ges Z`wei Ki‡Z n‡e | Zv me©‡¶‡Î Kiv nq bvÑ GUvB †ev‡W©i e¨_©Zv| mn‡hvMx we‡`wk A_©vqbKvix †`k I ms¯’v‡ì mgv‡jvPbv g~L¨Z cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i institutional capacity Gi Afve, Avw_©K AcPq, cvD‡ev‡Z wm×vš— MÖn‡Y Ges Kvh©Ki‡Y `xN©m~wÎZv, D‡`¨vMx (proactive) cÖKí cwiPvj‡Ki

b`x| 31

Afve, Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î Ges K›Uªv± g¨v‡bR‡g›U †¶Îwe‡k‡l A`¶Zv I A ^”QZv, †¯úwkwd‡Kkb h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY bv Kiv, Aby‡cvhy³ I e¨_© wVKv`vi‡ì wei”‡× kvw —g~jK eë ’v MÖnY bv Kiv i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †givgZ Kv‡Ri A_© Ab¨Î eënvi Kiv, mgqgZ Ges cÖ‡qvRbgZ A_© eivÏ I Qvo bv Kiv, i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †givgZ Kv‡R ch©vß A_© eivÏ bv Kiv| ejvB evûj¨ †h, A_© eivÏ I Qv‡oi welqwU cvD‡ev Gi AvIZvf~³ bq| welqwU gš¿Yvj†qi ZrciZv welqK | wKš—y wm×vš— MÖnY D‡`¨vMx cÖKí cwiPvjK wb‡qvM, Pzw³ I wVKv`vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, A`¶Zv I A ^”QZv mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvD‡evGi| D‡j−L¨ †h, `vZv ms¯’vi cÖwZwbwa‡ì m‡½ cvD‡ev Gi Uc& g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui †bZ…e„‡›ì †hvMv‡hvM AZ¨š— Kg| `vZv‡ì fvlv Avgv‡ì Kg©KZ©vMY †ev‡Sb bv| kã eënvi, ejvi aib I fw½ Ges cÖvmw½KZv w`‡q we‡`wk‡ì g‡bvfve eyS‡Z nq | Avevi Avgv‡ì Kg©KZ©v‡ì fvlvI Zviv †ev‡Sb bv| Avgiv `vZv ms¯’v‡ì e¨_©Zv Ges †¶Î we‡k‡l AKg©b¨Zv Zz‡j awibv, d‡j Zviv GKZidv cvD‡ev‡K †hŠw³K-A‡hŠw³K Dfqfv‡eB mgv‡jvPbv K‡i hvq| `vZv ms ’viv †h mgq †¶cb K‡i, gy‡L e‡j "Bottom up Approach"Ñ wKš—y AbymiY K‡i "Top down Approach", Zv‡ì fzj bxwZi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri wej¤^ Ges wej¤^RwbZ ¶wZ nq, BZ¨vw` Zv‡ì m¤§y‡L my›ìfv‡e Zz‡j aiv nq bv| G‡¶‡Î Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ fxwZ Ges AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi Afve KvR K‡i| cvD‡ev Gi Kv‡Q we‡`wk we‡klÁM‡Yi Revew`wnZv bvB (free from accountability to BWDB) | `vZv mvnvh¨fy³ cÖKí mg‡ni ¸Yv¸Y Ges mvdj¨ (Avw_©K Ges Kvh©KvwiZvi w`K †_‡K) †h evcvD‡ev Gi wbR ^ A_©vq‡b K…Z cÖK‡íi †P‡q fvj nq, GUv Avwg g‡b Kwi bv| wKš—y A‡bK ÔZ_vKw_Z we‡klÁÕ wb‡R‡ì A¶gZv Ges e¨_©Zvi `vq-`vwqZ¡ Zv‡ì gwbe‡ì Kv‡Q cvD‡ev Gi Nv‡o Pvwc‡q †`q, Ges GKZidv wb›`v K‡i cvD‡ev Ges Kg©KZ©v‡ì m¤c‡K© Kv‡jv fveg~wZ© m„wó K‡i| yt‡Li welq, Avgiv GB `vq-`vwqZ¡ enb Kwi Ges Avgiv KL‡bv we‡klÁ‡ì Kv‡Ri g‚j¨vqb Kwi bv| cvD‡ev K©Z„K Ôwe‡klÁ‡ìÕ Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Aek¨B Kiv ìKvi| wbR¯^ e¨_©Zv †kvaiv‡Z n‡e wbR ^ e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© cvD‡ev Gi cÖ‡KŠkjx Ges mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡K AewnZ n‡Z n‡e, †m¸‡jv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †kvaiv‡Z n‡e | cvD‡ev-Gi ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb cvD‡ev bZzb ms¯’v b‡n| `xN© 50 eQi Gi wbR¯^ gvbwmKZv, `„wófw½, Pvj-Pj‡bi aib, cwiPvjbv c×wZ-GK K_vq ms¯‹…wZ M‡o D‡V‡Q, hv GK w`‡bB

32| b`x

ûKzg Rvix K‡i ev †KZvex ms¯‹v‡ii dig~jv cÖ‡qvM K‡i cwieZ©b Avbv ev Dbœqb Kiv m¤¢e b‡n| †Kej gvÎ `ßi mgy‡ni †hvRb-we‡qvRb-cybwe©b¨vm K‡i wKsev wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Rbej †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡iI G ms¯‹vi ev Dbœqb Avbv m¤¢e b‡n| cvD‡ev Gi ms¯‹vi Gi K_v Avwg 1975 mvj †_‡KB GB ms¯‹v‡ii K_v ï‡b AvmwQ| AvRI ïbwQ| ms¯‹vi GKvwaKevi nqwbÑ ZvI bq, †QvU-eo-gvSvwi me ai‡bi n‡q‡Q| wKš—y BwáZ dj jvf Kiv hvqwb| Zvi KviY cÖwZwU ms¯‹vi Kg©m–Pxi D‡`¨v³v wQj `vZv ms ’v| cvD‡ev Gi †ckvRxweMY GB D‡`¨vM‡K cÖ_gZ Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek I my‡hvM myweav m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ b‡n, eis arbitrarily †ckvRxwe, Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix‡ì msL¨v n«vm Kivi Ges mivmwi ev¯—evqbKvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì ¶gZv n«vm Kivi D‡`Ïk¨ cª‡bvw`Z g‡b Ki‡Zb | Aaybv †evW© KZ©„c¶ "Need based Re-organization" Gi bv‡g GKwU mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv cÖ ‘Z K‡i‡Qb| wKš—y GUvI msL¨v n«vm-e„w×i exercise n‡q‡Q| c‚‡e©i m‡½ †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ †bB| cÖK…Zc‡¶ G D‡`¨vM nIqv cÖ‡qvRb-cvD‡evi wfkb, wgkb Gi Av‡jv‡K ev¯—ewfwËK Ges mn‡R ev¯—evqb‡hvM¨ ms¯‹vi I i”jm cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| evB‡ii †jv‡Ki mvnvh¨ †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i; wKš—y Ki‡Z n‡e cvD‡ev cwiPvjbv cl©‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ gš¿Yvj‡qi mn‡hvMxZvq cvD‡ev‡KB| cvD‡ev Gi G ms¯‹vi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb eûgvwÎK| GUv‡K cvD‡ev Gi `¶Zv Ges Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×i Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡eÑ †hgbUv Kiv nq Kg©Pvix‡ì `vwe Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î| mvaviY Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì AvKv•¶v Ges †PZbvi Ici wek¦vm I Av ’v †c‡Z n‡e; Ges AvgjvZvwš¿K c×wZi evB‡i fve‡Z n‡e | AvgjvZvwš¿K c×wZ n‡jv-ûKzg`vZviv ûKzg Rvix Ki‡eb| cvjbKvixiv cvjb Ki‡eb| gvby‡li wPš—v-†PZbv Ges mvov †èvi c×wZ hy‡Mi mv‡_ Avg~j e`‡j †M‡Q| wm×vš— wb‡jB ev ûKzg w`‡jB AvR Zv Zvwjg nq bv| ZvB ms¯‹vi cÖYqb I Zvi ev¯—evq‡bi c×wZ e`jv‡Z n‡e-AvgjvZvwš¿K c×wZi cwie‡Z© ÷K‡nvjWvi‡ì Askx`vwiZ¡ _vK‡Z n‡e-†h K_v Avgiv cÖKí cÖYqb, ev —evqb I i¶Yv‡e¶‡bi †¶‡Î ejwQ, Zv cvD‡ev Gi ms¯‹vi mvab Ges Gi `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZvi †¶‡ÎI Abymib Ki‡Z n‡e| cvD‡ev Gi `¶Zv Ges Kvh©KvwiZv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ ms¯‹vi Avb‡Z n‡eÑ K. Kg©Pvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì gbgvbwmKZv Ges †PZbvi †¶‡Î, L. mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv I i”jm GÛ cÖ‡mwWDim Gi †¶‡Î, M. †bZ…‡Z¡i g¨v‡bRg¨v›U ¯‹xj(Management Skill) Gi †¶‡Î, N. Kg©KZ©v‡ì mwgwZ Ges Kg©Pvix‡ì BDwbq‡bi mn‡hvwMZvi †¶‡Î, O. m‡e©vcwi cwiPvjbv c×wZi †¶‡Î| cvD‡ev Gi `¶ I Kvh©Ki Dbœqb I ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì gb-gvbwmKZv I †PZbvq cwieZ©b Avbv n‡”Q cÖv_wgK kZ©|

b`x| 33

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34| b`x

cvD‡ev cwiPvjbv cwil` hw` h_v_© Ges Kvh©Kixfv‡e Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| Gi †Kvb weKí bvB| G mZ¨ †h cvD‡ev Gi kxl© Kg©KZ©v‡ì eyS‡Z n‡e †Zgwb cwil‡ì mKj mgm¨MY‡KI Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwil‡ì Kvh©Kix f~wgKv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Dciš‘ GB cwil‡ì m`m¨M‡Yi wbR ^ ˆ`bw›`b `vwqZ¡ I KvR i‡q‡Q| cwiPvjbv cwil` `vwqZ¡ wKfv‡e myôfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m welqwUI wbw ©ó Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv, wm×vš— MÖnY Ges wm×vš— ev¯—evq‡bi AMÖMwZ gwbUwis Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbgZ Ges by¨bc‡¶ gv‡m 2wU cwiPvjbv cwil‡ì mfv Abyôvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi‡k‡l cvD‡ev GKwU AZ¨š— ¸i”Z¡c~Y© Ges HwZnëvnx ms ’vÑ hvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Q G‡`‡ki eb¨v cÖwZ‡iva, cvwb m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi I DbœqbÑ Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Dbœqb| gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x G wel‡q we‡kl ¸i”Z¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡Qb| gš¿x Ges cÖwZgš¿x g‡nv`qMY HKvwš—K| gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe g‡nv`q †Kej miKv‡ii bxwZ ev —evqb I D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ b‡n, ivvRˆbwZKfv‡eI we‡klfv‡e ÔKwg‡UWÕ| Zvn‡j cvwb Dbœqb †evW© †Kb GKwU `„óvš— enbKvix `¶ Ges Kvh©Kix ms ’v n‡e bv| cvD‡ev-†K GKwU RbM‡Yi †mev cÖ vbKvix `¶ I Kvh©Kix `„óvš—g~jK ms¯’v wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ KivB †nvKÑ cvD‡ev Gi 50 eQi c~wZ©i kc_| W. Gg.G. Kv‡mg : †Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq y‡h©vM eë ’vcbv Dc‡`óv cwil`, Ges cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cvwb m¤ú` cwiKíbv ms¯’v (Iqvi‡cv)

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ÔcÙvq †mZy evbvb, Z‡e b`xUv ivB‡LbÕ ARq `vk¸ß cÖgË cÙvb`xi K_v c‡owQ ˆkk‡e cvVëB‡q| cÙv, bv-wK †gNbv †Kvb b`xwU eo Zv wb‡q eÜy‡ì m‡½ ZK© K‡iwQ| wmÜy, †Ugm, AvgvRb, †nvqvs‡nvÑ Gme b`xi bvgI G‡m‡Q Av‡jvPbvq| we‡kî e„nËg b`xwU †Kb evsjv‡`‡k coj bv, Zv wb‡q gb LvivcI n‡q‡Q| Avgvi Rxe‡b cÖ_g b`x †`Lv †MŠib`x bvgK ¯’v‡b| Avwoqvj Luvi kvLv b`x GwU, e‡q †M‡Q ewikv‡ji †MŠib`x Dc‡Rjv m`‡ii cvk w`‡q| Avgiv ˆMjv ¯‹z‡ji K‡qKkÕ QvÎ-wk¶K cÖej el©‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖvq 10 wK‡jvwgUvi cv‡q †nu‡U hvB IB b`xi Kv‡Q †Rjvq ¯‹zj dzUej Uzb©v‡g›U weRqx Avgv‡ì ¯‹z‡ji `j‡K ^vMZ Rvbv‡Z| GUv lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡Ki K_v| ZLb G b`xc‡_ ewikvj †_‡K cÖwZw`b w÷gvi hvZvqvZ KiZ| †gvUvgywU eo AvKv‡ii G w÷gvi wQj †Rjv kn‡ii m‡½ we —„Y© AÂ‡ji hvZvqv‡Zi ¸i”Z¡c~Y© gva¨g| wKš‘ ZLb †Zv fve‡Z cvwiwb †h 2008 mv‡j G b`xwU Lb‡bi Rb¨ RbgZ msMVb I cÖkvmb‡K Zrci Kivq Avgv‡K D‡`¨vMx n‡Z n‡e| b`xwU †di †mªvZw¯^bx n‡q DVzK, el©vq `yK‚j c −vweZ †nvK, gvQ aivi †bŠKvq †R‡j‡ì KvUzK wbN©yg ivZÑ Ggb cÖZ¨vkv wQj gvby‡li| XvKvi m‡½ †MŠib`xi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¸i”Z¡c~Y© gva¨g wn‡m‡e cÖwZw`b wZbwU K‡i QqwU wØZj jÂ hvZvqvZ KiZ| AviI P‡j A‡bK †QvU-eo †bŠKv| BwÄb jvMv‡bv †bŠKv¸‡jv Qy‡U P‡j †ek ª”ZB| wKš‘ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g jÂ Avi †MŠib`x-UiwK †h‡Z cv‡i bv cvwb ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y| †bŠKv PjvPjI e¨vnZ nq| eo †bŠKv †nvPU Lvq Pj‡Z wM‡q| Zj‡`k AvU‡K hvq b`xi Zj‡`‡k| eû eQi b`x‡Z †WªwRs bv nIqvB Gi KviY| AvBWwe−DwUGÕi ZrKvjxb †Pqvig¨vb Ave yj gvbœvb nvIjv`v‡ii mwµq ZrciZvi Kvi‡Y GKw`b XvKv †_‡K †WªRvi wM‡q nvwRi nB IB b`x‡Z| wKš‘ †`Lv †Mj, K‡qKwU ’v‡b b`xwUi Ici †mZz wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi wbP w`‡q †WªRvi Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯’vbxq miKvi Gme †mZy evwb‡q‡Q| b`xi A‡bK ’v‡b Pi †R‡M D‡V‡Q| wKš‘ Lb‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK b`xB Gfv‡e kxY© n‡q‡Q, †Kv_vI †Kv_vI ïwK‡q †M‡Q| A‡bK ¯’v‡b gvbyl Lywk n‡q‡Q b`x ïwK‡q hvIqvq| KviY Zv‡Z Pv‡li Rwg wgj‡e, wKsev evbv‡bv hv‡e †`vKvb wKsev emZ evwo| cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨, ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ PjvP‡ji Rb¨, †mP KvR I gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ b`xi †h cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡QÑ †mUv ¸i”Z¡c~Y© g‡b nqwb| cÙvq †mZz wbg©v‡Yi Av‡qvRb Pj‡Q| G †mZz wbwg©Z n‡j ewikvj-Lyjbv-h‡kvi GjvKvi m‡½ ivRavbxi hvZvqvZI mnR n‡q hv‡e| ivRavbx XvKvi m‡½ moK

36| b`x

c‡_ PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii hv ~iZ¡, gsjvi m‡½ `~iZ¡ Zvi †P‡q Kg| wKš‘ c‡_ b`xi evav _vKvq wØZxq †bŠ e›ì wn‡m‡e gsjv ¸i”Z¡ cv‡”Q bv| hw` cÙvq †mZz wbwg©Z nq Ges G‡Z _v‡K †ijc‡_i myweav Zvn‡j gsjv n‡q DV‡e Av‡iv Kv‡Qi| 2007 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m cÙv b`x AwZµg K‡iwQjvg w¯úW‡ev‡U| gvIqv GjvKv gvÎ 20 wgwb‡UB P‡j hvIqv hvq Aci Zx‡i| wKš‘ †dwi‡Z b`x AwZµg Ki‡Z jv‡M `yB NÈviI †ewk| KL‡bv KL‡bv cÙvi bvbv Pi Ny‡i wZb-mv‡o NÈvI †j‡M hvq| Z‡e Zvi Av‡M †Zv †dwi †c‡Z n‡e! †mRb¨ A‡c¶vi †h Avi †kl nq bv! hgybvq †mZz nIqvi ci D‡Øva‡bi w`‡bB (23 Ryb, 1998) Mvwo‡Z Zv AwZµ‡gi †mŠfvM¨ n‡qwQj| Avgv‡ì Mvwoi PvjK‡K Zvi Abyf~wZ wR‡Ám K‡iwQjvg| GK mg‡q wZwb UªvK Pvjv‡Zb| AvwiPv n‡q DËivÂ‡ji wewfbœ †Rjvq †cŠuQvi Rb¨ Zv‡K wbqwgZ hgybv cvwo w`‡Z n‡Zv| Avgvi cÖ‡kœ Zvi DËi wQj : ÔGKevi †dwii Rb¨ 9w`b Uªv‡K A‡c¶v K‡iwQ| Avi AvR axiMwZ‡Z Mvwo Pvwj‡qI 9 wgwbU jv‡Mwb|Õ †mZz n‡j b`xi evav A‡bKUvB `~i n‡q hvq| hgybvq †mZz D‡Øva‡bi ci GKwU †jLvi wk‡ivbvg w`‡qwQjvg : gnvKv‡ji eëavb `~i n‡q †M‡j| G †¶‡Î cÖm½ wQj DËivÂ‡ji m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki evwK As‡ki †hvMv‡hvM| cÙvq †mZz n‡jI `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji †Rjv¸‡jvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Gfv‡eB mnR n‡q hv‡e| ewikv‡ji †hme eëmvqx-wkícwZ wb‡Ri GjvKvq eo wKQy D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi K_v fv‡eb, Zv‡ì `vweÑ †mZz‡Z Aek¨B †ijc_ _vK‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ wecyj wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Lvj-b`xi GjvKv w`‡q †ijc_ wbg©v‡Y Sv‡gjv n‡e we¯—i| wKš‘ †ijc_ _vK‡j ivRavbx †_‡K gvÎ `yB-wZb NÈv‡ZB P‡j hvIqv hv‡e ewikvj ev Lyjbvq| Gi d‡j ivRavbx‡Z gvby‡li Pvc Kgv‡bv hv‡e| A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ Qwo‡q †`qv hv‡e †`‡ki bvbv cÖv‡š—| GUv wVK †h moK c‡_i Zzjbvq †ijc_ wbg©vY I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y wewb‡qvM †ewk c‡o| Avgv‡ì f~LÊ †QvU nIqvq †ij Lv‡Z G wewb‡qvM A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q jvfRbK g‡b nq bv| Z‡e Gwkqvi wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ †ijc‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †h cwiKíbv ev¯—evwqZ n‡”Q †mUv we‡ePbvq wb‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †ijc_I µ‡g ¸i”Z¡c~Y© n‡q DV‡e| G Kvi‡Y hgybvq e½eÜy †mZzi g‡Zv cÙv‡mZz‡ZI ivLv PvB †ijc‡_i eë ’v| GLb Avmv hvK G †jLvi wk‡ivbv‡gi wel‡q| ÔcÙv‡mZy evbvb, Z‡e b`xUv ivB‡LbÕÑ K_vwU GKRb K…l‡Ki| cÙvZx‡ii G K„l‡Ki m‡½ K_v nw”Qj †ev‡iv avb Pv‡li †mP myweav wel‡q| Zvi g‡Zv Av‡iv A‡b‡KiB †mP wb‡q AwfÁZv wZ³| †ev‡iv Pv‡li Rb¨ ivmvqwbK mvi †hgb PvB †Zgwb PvB †m‡Pi cvwb| †m‡Pi cvwb †c‡Z PvB †mPhš¿ Ges Zv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ R¡vjvwb n‡”Q wW‡Rj| wKš‘ G h‡š¿i Avmj KvR n‡”Q Lvj-b`x wKsev gvwUi wbP †_‡K cvwb

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Zz‡j Avbv| †m cvwb wK ch©vß wgj‡Q evsjv‡`‡k? G welqwU gv_vq †i‡LB cÙvZx‡ii IB K…lK i” —g Avjx cÙvb`x euvwP‡q ivLvi K_v e‡jb| Zvi e³‡e¨ †Kv‡bv A¯úóZv wQj bv| GLb cÙvi hÎZÎ Pi| hgybv-wZ¯—v-eªþcy‡ÎI Pi| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©i W. AvwZDi ingv‡bi m‡½ †bŠKvq wZ¯—v b`x AwZµg K‡iwQjvg| †bŠKvwU †gvUvgywU eo| gvwS evi evi ejwQ‡jb P‡ii K_v| Zj‡`k AvU‡K hvw”Qj| A_P G b`xi Dci fimv Avkcv‡k jvL jvL gvby‡li| †`‡ki A‡bK b`b`x ïwK‡q †M‡Q| wKQy b`x wejxb nIqvi c‡_| Zvn‡j †m‡Pi cvwb wgj‡e †Kv‡Ì‡K? gvwUi wb‡P cvwb Av‡Q e‡U| wKš‘ †mLvb †_‡K †ewk cvwb Zzj‡j f~wga‡mi k¼v i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov b`b`x ïwK‡q hvIqvq wKsev cwj R‡g MfxiZv K‡g †h‡Z _vKvq el©vq cvwb a‡i ivLv hvq bv| Gi cwiYwZ n‡”Q eb¨v| b`xi MfxiZv evov‡Z cvi‡j eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K †hgb A‡bKUv wb®‹…wZ wgj‡e, †Zgwb wgj‡e †m‡Pi cvwb| i” —g Avjxi b`x euvPv‡bvi AvKzwZ G Kvi‡YB| cÙvq †mZz n‡j G b`x‡Z †dwi PjvP‡ji Rb¨ †WªwRs‡qi ZvwM` K‡g hv‡e| Ggb NUbv N‡U‡Q hgybvq| DËivÂ‡ji †Rjv¸‡jvi Rb¨ moK c‡_ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ AvwiPv-bMievwo i”‡U b`x‡Z wbqwgZ †WªwRs Kiv n‡Zv| b`x‡Z cvwb cÖevn ^vfvweK ivLvi Rb¨ Gi cÖ‡qvRb Ab¯^xKvh©| G cwvb ïay †dwi PjvP‡ji Rb¨ bq, Avgv‡ì A_©bxwZ I cwi‡e‡ki RbÏ Acwinvh©| b`-b`x‡Z ch©vß cvwb _vK‡j †m‡Pi Rb¨ gvwUi wbP †_‡K wbwe©Pv‡i cvwb Zz‡j f~-êwPÎ¨ †hfv‡e wecbœ K‡i †djv n‡”Q Zv †_‡K A‡bKUvB †invB wgj‡e| GKBm‡½ †bŠc‡_ hvb PjvPj wbqwgZ _vK‡e| gv‡Qi Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e| cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl n‡”Q †`‡ki me©Î| wKš‘ b`xi gv‡Qi Zv weKí n‡Z cv‡i bv| Bwjk Avi cv½v‡mi g‡Zv my ^v y gv‡Qi Rb¨ b`xi cvwbB Dchy³| GUv †K bv Rv‡b †h evsjv‡`‡k GL‡bv b`x-Lvj-wejB me‡P‡q ¯^í e¨‡qi †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g| G cvwbi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wbR ^ †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM †bB| moK I †ijc_ c‡o †Zvjv I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖPzi A_© cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘ b`b`x-Lvj-wej cÖK…wZi Acvi-D`vi `vb| G c_ m„wói Rb¨ †Kv‡bv A_© e¨‡qi ìKvi c‡o bv| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †Kej Zvi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ wKQy KvR K‡i hvIqv| wKš‘ †`‡ki yf©vM¨, G KvR hyM hyM a‡i Ae‡njv Kiv n‡”Q| †bŠc_ mPj ivLvi Rb¨ †WªwRs Lv‡Z eivÏ bvggvÎ| †h †`‡k A‡bK b`-b`x ïwK‡q †M‡Q wKsev hv‡”Q †m †`‡k †WªwRs msL¨v bvggvÎ| G †WªwRs KvR Avevi `ywU `dZ‡ii nv‡ZÑ cvwb Dbœqb †evW© Ges AvBWwe−DwUG| †bŠc_ mPj ivLvi Rb¨ AvBWwe −DwUGÕi †h †WªRvi eni ìKvi Zv †bB| G ms ’v 1975 mv‡jj ci mv‡o wZb `kK †Kv‡bv bZzb †WªRvi †K‡bwb| d‡j ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g A‡bK c‡_B †bŠhvb P‡j bv| GKevi b`x ïwK‡q †M‡j Zv‡Z ïi” n‡q hvq

38| b`x

dm‡ji Pvl| µ‡g Zv‡Z emwZI M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K| Rwg wb‡q mxgvnxb UvbvUvwbi †`‡k Pi RvM‡j A‡bK †jvK DrmvwnZ nq| f~wg`my hv‡ì ejv nq, Zv‡ì Avb›` GKUz †ewkB nq| wKš‘ cwi‡e‡ki fvimv‡gï Rb¨ hv‡ì D‡ØM, Zv‡ì k¼vi cvi` DuPz‡Z DV‡Z _v‡K| cvwb Dbœqb †evW© wbqwgZ †bŠc‡_i evB‡ii b`b`x-Lv‡j ÔDbœqbÕ Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e †`Lv hvq, G KvR hZUv bv cvwb cÖevn evov‡bvi Rb¨ Zvi‡P‡qI A‡bK †ewk wVKv`vi I cÖfvekvjx wKQy e¨w³i e¨vsK e¨vjvÝ fvwi Ki‡Z| hyM hyM a‡i GUv P‡j Avm‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi cÖwZKv‡i †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bB| mevB Rv‡b †h ÔgvwU KvUvÕ Kv‡Ri †P‡q jvfRbK Avi wKQz †bB| miKv‡ii G msµvš— Dbœqb cÖKí †Kej G Kvi‡YB MÖnY Kiv nq| †hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvjq cÙv‡mZz wbg©v‡Y D‡`¨vMx n‡q‡Q| G †mZz †KvwU †KvwU gvby‡li cÖv‡Yi `vwe| Gi ev¯—evqb KvR mnR Kivi Rb¨ we‡`k †_‡K FY MÖnY Ki‡ZB n‡e| miKv‡ii wbR ^ wewb‡qvMI _vK‡e| hgybvq †mZz Kivi mgq aviYv Kiv n‡qwQj 36 eQ‡i Gi e¨q D‡V Avm‡e| wKš‘ cÖv_wgK aviYvi †P‡q †ewk hvbevnb Pjvq Av‡iv Kg mg‡qB wewb‡qvM Dmyj nIqvi K_v| Z‡e †Lv` wekê¨vs‡Ki XvKv Awd‡mB ï‡bwQ, G †mZz wbg©v‡Yi cÖwµqvq mxgvnxb `yb©xwZi K_v| †mZz wbg©vY Kv‡R `vZv‡`k I ms¯’v¸‡jvi †hme XvKv¯’ Kg©KZ©v mswk−ó wQ‡jb Zv‡ìI †KD †KD bvwK Av‡Li ¸wQ‡q wb‡q‡Qb| beŸB‡qi `k‡K G †mZz Ges Avbylw½K Lv‡Z e¨q n‡q‡Q cÖvq Pvi nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| cÙv‡mZzi Rb¨ e¨q n‡e Gi Pvi-cuvP ¸Y A_©| †ijc_ wbg©v‡Yi RbÏ wecyj A_© ìKvi n‡e| Ôw`b e`‡ji RgvbvqÕ wbðqB m‡e©v”P bRi`vwi _vK‡e hv‡Z G A_© †_‡K Av‡Li ¸wQ‡q †bqvi KvR hZUv m¤¢e Kwg‡q ivLv hvq| G †mZz„ wbg©v‡Y †`kevmxi AskMÖn‡YiI cwiKíbv Kiv hvq| RbMY hw` †`‡L †h miKvi Avm‡jB e`‡j †M‡Q, `jxq †bZv-Kg©x-K¨vWvi‡ì wVKv`vwi †_‡K ~‡i †V‡j †i‡L cÖK…Z D‡`¨v³v cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ KvR eivÏ n‡”Q Zvn‡j ZvivI

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wgj‡e †m‡Pi cvwb I gvQ Pv‡li cwi‡ek| Kv‡RB †MvUv miKvi‡K GK‡hv‡M G Kv‡R Suvwc‡q co‡Z n‡e| 2009 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K ÔAc-wmW †Kv (wewW) cÖwZôv‡bi wbe©vnx cwiPvjK Bqvmydzwg gvrmyI-Gi m‡½ †`Lv n‡qwQj GK Abyôv‡b| Rvcvwb G D‡`¨v³v PÆMÖvg idZvwb cÖwµqvRvZ GjvKvq GKwU cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb †m mg‡q| evsjv‡`‡k GK `kK Ae¯’vbKv‡j Zvi Ab¨Zg †bkv wQj b`xc‡_ ågY| wZwb e‡jb, b`b`xB G †`‡ki eo m¤ú`| GKBm‡½ Gi †mŠ›`‡h©iI Zzjbv †bB| G m¤ú` euvwP‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡j evsjv‡`k `ª”Z GwM‡q hv‡e| GK Rvcvwb G †`‡k Ae¯’vbKv‡j †h Dcjwä‡Z G‡m‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi I RbM‡Yi Zv Av‡iv †ewk K‡i Dcjwä‡Z Avmvi K_v bq wK? Avevi wd‡i hvB †MŠib`xi b`xwU Lb‡bi wel‡q| AvBWwe−DwUG Ri”wi wfwË‡ZB b`xwU Lb‡bi Rb¨ †WªRvi cvVvq| wKš‘ ïi”‡ZB †`Lv †`q wecwËÑ b`xi GKvwaK ¯’v‡b ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`dZi wbg©vY K‡i‡Q †jvK PjvP‡ji KswµU †mZz| Gi Ici w`‡q wiKkvI †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Zvi hv D”PZv Zv‡Z wbP w`‡q †WªRvi †h‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j A‡bK Nyic‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z nq †WªRvi| Lb‡bi KvR ïi” n‡j Avkcv‡ki †ewkifvM gvbyl DrmvwnZ nq| wKš‘ hviv b`xZx‡ii Rwg‡K wb‡Ri g‡b KiwQ‡jb, Zviv evav w`‡Z _v‡Kb| †W«wRs hZUv Kiv nq Zvi †P‡q MfxiZv †ewk †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ mswk−ó‡ì KviI KviI ZrciZv wQj †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| †`Lv †M‡Q, KZUv Mfx‡i gvwU-evjy †WªwRs K‡i miv‡bv n‡jv Zvi gvc †bqvi mgq AvBWwe−DwUGÕi Kg©xiv †Rvqvi-fvUv wnmv‡e †bq| †Rvqv‡ii mgq b`xi MfxiZv †e‡o hvq Ges ZLb gvc †bqv n‡j Kg †WªwRs K‡iI †ewk †`Lv‡bv hvq| †WªRvi Pvjv‡Z cÖPzi wW‡Rj ìKvi c‡o| G wb‡qI we —i yb©xwZ N‡U| mswk −ó wefv‡Mi †jv‡Kiv †WªwRs Kg K‡i euvPv‡bv wW‡Rj Kv‡jvevRv‡i wewµ K‡i| Avevi ’vbxq mš¿vmx-gv —vbivI fqfxwZ †`wL‡q †WªRv‡ii Kg©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K wW‡Rj wb‡q †M‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM wg‡j‡Q| Ri”wi AvBb _vKvi mgq G Awf‡hvM †Zgb wQj bv, wKš‘ ivR‰bwZK `‡jj kvmbvg‡j Zv †e‡o‡Q| b`x †_‡K †Zvjv evjy wb‡qI P‡j RgRgvU eëmv| evjy wewµ K‡i AvBWwe−DwUG Ges Gi `vg aiv aiv nq bvggvÎ| wKQy cÖfvekvjx †jvK G evjy Rgv K‡i wb‡Ri wKsev A‡bï Rwg A_ev †Wvev-bvjvq| A‡bï Rwg n‡j KL‡bv KL‡bv Rei`w¯—i NUbv N‡U| c‡i evjy wewµ Kiv nq Piv `v‡g| Avgiv hviv ÔewnivMZÕ b`x Lb‡bi Kv‡R hy³ n‡qwQjvg Zv‡ì Rb¨ Gme wQj Pig nZvkvi| Zey nvj Qvwo bv| †MŠib`x b`xwU †di c~Y© iƒc †c‡q wgwjZ n‡e Avwoqvj Luv n‡q cÙv-†gNbvi m‡½, †m ¯^‡c” GL‡bv we‡fvi| Av‡jv Sjg‡j cÙv †mZzi „k¨ †`L‡Z PvB G cÖgË b`xe¶ w`‡q `~iš— †e‡M Qy‡U Pjv j‡Âi †WK wKsev †bŠKvi MjyB †_‡K| †m mg‡q hw` †mZz‡Z †gvUi Mvwo I †Uªb Qy‡U P‡j Ges AvKv‡k Wvbv †g‡j _v‡K wegvb,

40| b`x

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b`x| 41

b`x †WªwRs gnvcwiKíbv : AZxZ †_‡K wk¶v †bqv nq bv g. Bbvgyj nK evsjv‡`‡ki b`x¸‡jv µgk fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| me©Î GB Awf‡hvM| Av‡M ejv n‡Zv b`xi GK~j fv‡O IK~j M‡o| ZvI n‡”Q, Z‡e b`x¸‡jvi DRv‡b gvbem„ó evavi Rb¨ b`xi cÖevn K‡g hv‡”Q, b`x¸‡jv g‡i hv‡”Q| fvi‡Zi †`qv dviv°v euv‡ai Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki †fZ‡i cÙv b`x evwj‡Z fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| cÙv b`x fivU nevi Kvi‡Y `w¶Y cwðgvÂ‡ji Gi kvLv b`x¸‡jv g‡i hv‡”Q| Gfv‡e fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki Awfbœ wKQz b`x h_v wZ —v, gnvb›`v, aijv, yaKzgvi, †MvgZx BZ¨vwì A‡bK¸‡jv‡Z cvwb fviZ mwi‡q †bqvq evsjv‡`‡ki As‡k HmKj b`xi cvwb cÖevn K‡g fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| GB mKj b`x fivU †iva Kivi Rb¨ cÖvqkB †WªwRsGi K_v ejv nq| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k miKvi MÖnY K‡i‡Q b`x †WªwRsGi GK gnvcwiKíbv| cwÎKvi wi‡cvU©g‡Z (w` †WBwj ÷vi 6 A‡±vei 2009) miKvi 8 eQ‡i 11,474 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q GB gnvcwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Ki‡e| GB cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g 53wU b`xc_ cybivq Pvjy Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ †h mKj b`x I b`xc_ cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y fivU n‡q hv‡”Q †m¸wj GB cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g †WªwRs K‡i †Kvb mydj cvIqv hv‡e wK?

evsjv‡`‡ki b`x evsjv‡`‡ki DËi cwðg w`‡Ki b`x¸wj M½v b`xi Dcb`x, DËi w`‡Ki b`x ¸wj eªþcyÎ b`xi, Ges DËi c~e© I c~e© w`‡Ki b`x¸wj †gNbv b`xi Dcb`x| wKš‘ `w¶Y I `w¶Y cwðg w`‡Ki b`x¸wj M½v b`xi kvLv b`x Ges `w¶Y c~e© w`‡Ki b`x¸wj GKK wew”Qbœ b`x| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ 57wU b`x Avš—R©vwZK, hv‡ì A‡b‡KB Pxb, †bcvj, f~Uvb ev gvqvbgv‡i Drcbœ n‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ nq| G¸wji g‡a¨ `w¶Y c~e© w`‡Ki b`x¸wj e¨ZxZ Ab¨ b`x¸wj mxgv‡š—i Icvi †_‡K eQ‡i cÖvq 1400 wgwjqb Ub evwj I cwj enb K‡i Av‡b| GB cwji A‡bKUvB evsjvi we —xY© mgZj f~wg‡Z Rgv n‡q Lvj wej fivU K‡i, A‡bKUv mvMi ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q µgk †R‡M IVv Øxç‡jv‡K RvM‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i, Ges Gi A‡bKUv b`x¸‡jvi Zj‡`‡k Rgv n‡q b`x fivU K‡i| b`x ZxieZ©x A‡bK GjvKvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva wbg©vY Kivq GB cwji GKUv weivU Ask c−veb f~wg‡Z bv wM‡q b`xi Zj‡`‡kB Rgv co‡Q, ZvB †mLvbKvi b`x¸‡jv g‡i hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK b`x Gfv‡e cÖvK…wZKfv‡e g‡i hv‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i A‡bK kvLv b`x Zv‡ì Drmgy‡L g~j b`xi mv‡_ ms‡hvM nvwi‡q evwj fivU n‡q g‡i hv‡”Q| A‡bK b`x Zvi MwZc_ cwieZ©b Kivq g„Z Lvwo †i‡L †M‡Q| †h mKj

42| b`x

b`x cÖvK…wZKfv‡e gi‡Q †m¸wj †WªwRs K‡i †Kvb mydj cvIqv hv‡e bv| †hgb MovB b`x I cyivZb eªþcyÎ b`xi gyL KvUvi R‡b¨ wewfbœ mg‡q †WªwRs Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GB †WªwRs‡qi d‡j b`xi DrmgyL mi” n‡q b`xi ¶wZB n‡q‡Q| a‡jk¦ix b`xi gyL †WªwRs K‡i XvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z hgybvi cvwb Avbvi cÖKí †bqv n‡q‡Q| hgybv b`x‡Z e¨v‡iR bv K‡i GB cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡j b`xi KvUv Ask c‡ii eQiB evwj I cwj w`‡q fivU n‡q hv‡e Ges m¤ú~Y© cÖKíwUB e¨_© n‡e| eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva¸wj Zz‡j w`‡q c−vebf~wg‡Z cybivq cwj wgwkªZ eb¨vi cvwb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zv ev —‡e Am¤¢e| Z‡e XvKv, PÆMÖvg I Ab¨vb¨ †QvU eo kn‡ii b`x¸‡jv fivU n‡”Q AveR©bvq| kn‡ii hZ KwVb eR¨© mivmwi A_ev †kl‡gl b`x‡Z wM‡q c‡o| knivÂ‡ji Av‡kcv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z KwVb I welv³ Zij eR © wb‡¶c H mKj b`x¸‡jv‡K `g eÜ K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| Gi d‡j b`x Zvi bve¨Zv I wb®‹vkb ¶gZv nviv‡”Q| GBme RNb¨ Kvh©Kjvc eÜ Ki‡j b`x¸‡jv‡K euvPv‡bv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| XvKvi mìNv‡Ui Kv‡Q eywoM½v b`xi Zjv cÖvq 3 wgUvi Pvgov, c−vw÷K, Kvco, avZz, KuvP I wewìs fvOv AveR©bv w`‡q c~Y©| GB eywoM½v b`x‡Z †WªwRsGi K_v ejv nq, hv Aev —e| GLv‡b †WªRvi jvMv‡j Zvi †e−W †f‡O hv‡e, ZvB G·Kv‡fUi w`‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| GB b`x‡Z DRvb †_‡K Avmv cwji cwigvY LyeB Kg| PÆMÖvg kn‡ii PvKZvB Lvj AveR©bvq ey‡R †M‡Q| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb b`xi bve¨Zv i¶vi R‡b¨ †WªwRs Kvh©Ki, Ges Zv †dixNvU¸‡jv‡Z Kiv n‡q _v‡K| mviv †`‡k hÎZÎ †WªwRs RbM‡Yi A‡_©i AcPq Ki‡e|

evsjv‡`‡ki †bŠc_ GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, moK †ij I †bŠc‡_i g‡a¨ †bŠc_B me‡P‡q Kg Li‡Pi Ges `~lYgy³| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 808wU †QvUeo b`x nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i †bŠc‡_i Rvj wewQ‡q †i‡LwQj| GB b`x¸wj cÖavbZ DËi `w¶‡Y cÖevwnZ weavq G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AvovAvwo KvUv Lv‡ji ms‡hv‡M †bŠ PjvPj KiZ| cieZ©x‡Z A‡bK KvUv Lvj b`xi g~j cÖevn‡K aviY K‡i cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q, Avevi A‡bK KvUv Lvj i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Afv‡e evwj fwZ© n‡q g‡i †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki b`x¸‡jv g‡i hvIqvi GKwU eo KviY n‡”Q AwZ wb®‹vkb| mviv †`‡ki hZ wej I Rjvkq Av‡Q †m¸wji mv‡_ b`x‡Z ms‡hvMKvix Lvj¸wj Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv‡`ï gva¨‡g evi evi Lbb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j Avevw`f~wg e„w× †c‡q‡Q e‡U wKš‘ Rjvavi¸wj cvwbk~b¨ n‡q‡Q| †m‡Pi Rb¨ AMfxi bjK~‡ci gva¨‡g f~Mf© ’ cvwb Zz‡j †bqvq Rjvkq¸wji cvwb f~wgi Mfx‡i PzB‡q Rjvvavi µgk k~b¨ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki b`x¸wj Zv‡ì

b`x| 43

†hvMvbKvix Rjvkq¸‡jv ïwK‡q hvevi Kvi‡Y µgk Gfv‡e g‡i †M‡Q| A‡bK b`x‡Z wKQz cvwb cÖevn _vK‡jI kxZKv‡j †m‡Pi Rb¨ Zv Zz‡j †bqv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e b`x I Lvj¸wji AwaKvsk †bŠc_B GLb ms¯‹v‡ii Afv‡e evwj fivU n‡q g‡i c‡o Av‡Q| weAvBWvwe −DwUG evsjv‡`‡ki b`xc_¸‡jv‡K Pvi †kªYx‡Z fvM K‡i| cÖ_g †kªYxi¸‡jv 12 dz‡Ui †ewk Mfxi, wØZxq †kªYxi¸‡jv 9 dz‡Ui †ewk, Z…Zxq †kªYxi¸‡jv 6 dz‡Ui †ewk Ges PZz_© †kªYxi¸‡jv 3 dz‡Ui †ewk Mfxi| Zv‡ì wn‡me g‡Z 1971 mv‡j †hLv‡b 24,000 wK‡jvwgUvi †bŠc_ wQj 1984 mv‡j el©vKv‡j wQj 8,400 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges ïKbvi mgq 5,200 wK‡jvwgUvi| eZ©gv‡b GBc_ 4000 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii wKQz †ewk, hvi AwaKvskB `w¶‡Yi †RvqvifvUv AÂ‡j| ejvB evûj¨, el©vKv‡j e„wói cvwb c‡o mviv †`‡ki Lvj I b`x¸wj c~Y© n‡j †bŠc_¸wj Avevi Pvjy nq| evsjv‡`‡ki mviv eQie¨vcx b`xc_¸wji AwaKvskB KZ¸wj cÖavb cÖavb b`x e›ì‡K wN‡i we —vwiZ| G¸wj n‡”Q DËi c~e©vÂ‡j ˆfie, ga¨vÂ‡j XvKv Ges bvivqYMÄ, c~e©vÂ‡j Puv`cyi, `w¶Y c~e©vÂ‡j PÆMÖvg, `w¶YvÂ‡j ewikvj, Ges `w¶Y cwðgvÂ‡j Lyjbv| †Rvhv‡ii my‡hvM wb‡q mvZ¶xiv, Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU, bovBj, †MvcvjMÄ, wc‡ivRcyi, ei¸bv, cUzqv_vjx, †fvjv, ewikvj, kixqZcyi, Puv`cyi Ges j¶xcyi †Rjvq mviv eQie¨vcx AwZwi³ †bŠc_ Av‡Q| †gŠmygx †bŠc_¸wj cÖavbZ DËi c~e©vÂ‡ji nvIi GjvKv Ges DËi cwðgvÂ‡ji wej GjvKvq we —vwiZ| GmKj GjvKv el©vq mvM‡ii g‡Zv n‡q hvq wKš‘ ïKbvi mgq AwZ wb®‹vk‡bi Kvi‡Y Gi A‡bK †bŠc_ ïwK‡q hvq| dviv°v e¨v‡i‡Ri gva¨‡g M½vi cvwb wbqš¿Y Kivq evsjv‡`‡k GB b`xc_wU ïKbvi mgq wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq| ZvQvov b`xi cÖevnc_ A‡bK PIov nIqvq †WªwRsGi gva¨‡g †Kvb †iLvq b`xc_ mPj Ki‡j cieeZ©x eQ‡i Zv evwj‡Z fivU n‡q hvq|

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44| b`x

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m eo ai‡bi †WªwRs KvR n‡q‡Q lv‡Ui `k‡K e„nËi dwi`cyi †Rjvq ÕKgwcÖ‡nbwmf †Wª‡bR ¯‹xgÕ bv‡g hv A‡bKvs‡k mdj wQj| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii †WªwRs gnvcwiKíbvq b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv wdwi‡q Avbvi mv‡_ XvKvi Av‡kcv‡ki b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv e„w× Kivi cÖwZ we‡kl ¸i”Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB b`x¸‡jv‡Z evwj ev cwji cwie‡Z© KwVb ˆRe I A‰Re eR¨© _vKvq mKj ˆ`‡N© †WªwRsGi gva¨‡g Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvQvov b`x¸‡jv‡Z ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g hgybv †_‡K cvwb Avbvi R‡b¨ a‡jk¦ix b`xi DrmgyL I cy½jx b`x †WªwRs Kivi cwiKíbv Av‡Q| wKš‘ †WªwRs Kv‡R mvdj¨ cvIqvUv ZZ mnR e¨vcvi bq ZvB miKv‡ii GB gnvcwiKíbv gnve¨_©Zvq cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i weavq K‡qKwU wel‡q mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ri”wi e‡j g‡b KwiÑ 1. evwj I cwjenbKvix b`x‡Z bve¨Zv eRvq ivL‡Z cÖwZ eQi †WªwRs Ki‡Z

nq, hv wKbv †WªwRs Kivi d‡j cÖvß myweavi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk e¨qeûj n‡Z cv‡i|

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3. kvLv b`xi DrmgyL †WªwRsGi gva¨‡g Lbb dj`vqK bvI n‡Z cv‡i hv wdwRwewjwU ÷vwW‡Z †jLv _v‡K bv|

4. eûcÖevnc‡_i b`x‡Z (†hgb hgybv) †WªwRsGi gva¨‡g MwZc_ wbqš¿Y KvR e¨qeûj Ges wbõj nq|

5. fvObcÖeY b`x‡Z †WªwRs †UKmB nq bv; c‡ii eQiB Zv fivU n‡q hvq| 6. Rjve× b`x‡Z †WªwRs Gi PvB‡Z jyc KvU A‡bK †ewk dj`vqK n‡Z

cv‡i| 7. †WªwRs K‡i b`x‡Z cÖevn bvI Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i hw` f~Mf© ’ cvwbi —i

A‡bK bx‡P _v‡K| cwj enbKvix b`x evsjv‡`‡ki b`x¸wji mevB cwj enb K‡i bv| KviY A‡bK b`x (kvLv) Zv‡ì DRv‡bi g~j b`xi mv‡_ ms‡hvM nvwi‡q †djvq e„wói cvwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb cÖevn ev cwj Zv‡Z Av‡m bv| A‡bK b`x ’vbxq wbgœf~wgi wb®‹vkb Lvj †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| Gme b`x‡Z cwj _v‡K bv| Z‡e cwj enbKvix b`x mviv‡`‡kB Av‡Q Ges Gme b`x¸wji PwiÎ G‡KK As‡k G‡KK iKg| cwðg, DËi Ges c~e© w`‡Ki b`x¸wj‡Z cwj Av‡m el©v mgq eb¨v cÖev‡ni mv‡_| mxgv‡š—i Icv‡i cvnvo Ges we —xY© GjvKvi Pvlvev‡ì ¶qcÖvß gvwU GB cwji †hvMvb`vi| GB cwji GKwU Ask `w¶YvÂ‡ji b`x¸‡jvi gva¨‡g mvM‡i wM‡q c‡o| mgy`ªZUeZ©x `w¶Y cwðgvÂ‡ji b`x¸wj‡Z cwj Av‡m ïKbv †gŠmy‡g

b`x| 45

†Rvqv‡ii mv‡_| DRvb †_‡K Avmv b`x ev e„wói cvwb eÜ n‡q hvIqvq †Rvqv‡ii cÖ‡Kv‡c †gvnbvi Zj‡`k ¶q n‡q GB cwj DRv‡b Av‡m| DRv‡i †_‡K Avmv cwjenbKvix b`xi cÖev‡ni mv‡_ _v‡K cÖPzi cwigvY evwj| 1999-2001 mv‡j MovB b`xi gyL †WªwRs Kiv nq| †WªwRsK…Z gvwU‡Z cÖPzi evwj _vKvq Zv Rwg‡Z bv †d‡j b`xi †fZ‡iB †djv nq| Gfv‡e MovB b`xi DrmgyL eZ©gv‡b A‡bK mi” n‡q †M‡Q| fvwUi AÂ‡ji cwji mv‡_ _v‡K cÖPzi cwigvY Kv`v| K‡cvZv¶ b`x‡Z fvwUi cwj Gi Zj‡`‡k Rgv n‡q GjvKvq Rjve×Zv m„wó K‡i‡Q| 2007-2008 mv‡j Rjve×Zv ~i Kivi Rb¨ K‡cvZv¶ b`x †WªwRs Kiv nq| †WªwRsK…Z gvwU‡Z cÖPzi Kv`v _vKvq Zv Av‡kcv‡ki gvbyl Rwg‡Z †djvi R‡b¨ wb‡q hvq| Z‡e DRvb †_‡K wbqwgZ cvwb cÖevn bv _vKvq fvwUi cwj‡Z †WªwRsK…Z Ask cybivq fivU n‡q hvq| AZxZ †_‡K wk¶v †bqv nq bv evsjv‡`‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi R‡b¨ cÖvqB †WªwRsGi K_v ejv nq, KviY mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q †WªwRsGi Mí LyeB AvKl©Yxq| wKš‘ AwaKvsk gvbyl g~j e¨vcviwU bv ey‡SB GB ai‡bi cÖK‡íi cÖwZ Drmvn cÖKvk K‡ib| †WªwRs cÖK‡íi hviv cÖe³v Zv‡ì AwaKvskB Amr D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Zv e‡jb, KviY †WªwRs K‡i g„Z b`x‡K euvPv‡bv hvq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki b`xc_¸wj‡K mPj ivLvi R‡b¨ †hme c‡_ Pi c‡o hvq †m¸wj mivevi R‡b¨ †WªwRs cÖ‡qvRb Aek¨B e‡U, hv Af¨š—ixY †bŠ cwienb ms¯’vi (weAvBWvwe−DwUG) `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_ K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ GLb NUv K‡i mviv †`ke¨vcx †WªwRsGi †h gnvcwiKíbv †bqv n‡”Q Zvi dj n‡e we‡`k †_‡K wKQz †WªRvi µq, †Zj cywo‡q wKQz b`xi evwj †K‡U †mB b`x‡ZB †djv, Avi hvicibvB Pzwi| wKQz KvR n‡jI cieZ©x eb¨vi mgq b`xi KvUv Ask cybivq fivU n‡q hv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Dbœq‡b bvg K‡i evi evi AcPqg~jK cÖKí nv‡Z †bqv nq| Gme cÖKí MYwe‡ivax KviY GZ RbM‡Yi DcKvi †Zv nqBbv, eis RbM‡Yi Nv‡o Pv‡c wecyj cwigvY †`wk I we‡`wk F‡Yi †evSv| †WªwRsGi bv‡g †h A_© AcPq nq Zvi cÖK…ó D`vniY XvKvi Av‡k cv‡ki b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv i¶vq †WªwRs cÖKí| GB b`x¸‡jv ey‡R hv‡”Q kn‡ii cÖwZw`bKvi KwVb I welv³ eR © †djvi Kvi‡Y| eZ©gvb cÖKíwU Ggb †h, b`x †WªwRs K‡i †h cwigvY eR © †Zvjv n‡e Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk eR¨© cÖwZw`b b`x‡ZB G‡m co‡Z _v‡K| ZvB †h mKj b`x gvby‡li AZ¨vPv‡i g‡i hv‡”Q †mmKj b`x euvPv‡Z n‡j H mKj gvbexq AZ¨vPvi¸‡jv Av‡M eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e, Ab¨_vq †WªwRs K‡i b`x euvPv‡bvi †Póv AcPq Qvov Avi wKQzB n‡e bv| g. Bbvgyj nK : †Pqvig¨vb, Rj cwi‡ek BÝwUwUDU

46| b`x

mZZ †n b`! ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb G †jLvwU hLb wjL‡Z e‡mwQ Zvi wVK `yÕw`b Av‡M A_©vr cweÎ C`yj-wdZ‡ii Av‡Mi iv‡Z †`‡ki †ek wKQz ¯’v‡b f~wgK¤ú Abyf~Z n‡jv| C` Av‡qvR‡b e¨¯— bMievmx gyn~‡Z©B AvZw¼Z Rb‡Mvôx‡Z cwiYZ n‡jv| Ni †Q‡o iv —vq †b‡g Avmv G wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi AvZ¼ G hvÎvq ^í ’vqx n‡jI A ~i fwel¨‡ZI wK ZvB n‡e? wK cwiYwZ n‡e f~K¤úb hw` Av‡iv ZxeªZi I `xN© ’vqx nq? DrmegyLi Rbc‡` Gev‡ii AvZ¼ mn‡RB nvwi‡q †M‡jI bMi we‡klÁiv wKš‘ G AvZ¼ †_‡K mnmv †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| †hLv‡b cÖwZeQi gnvbM‡i Ges †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq f~-Mf© ’ cvwbi —i Avk¼vRbKfv‡e †b‡g hv‡”Q, †mLv‡b f~wgK‡¤úi wec`gy³ _vKvi fvebv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e| mªóvi Ag~j¨ m¤ú` web‡ó cUzn¯— G RvwZ †h Awfkv‡ci c_ †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q, †m c_ †_‡K Zv‡K †div‡e Ggb †bZ…Z¡I `„k¨c‡U †bB| cwi‡ekev`xiv µgvMZ †h cÖqvm Pvjv‡”Qb cvwb I Rjvavi i¶vi, miKv‡ii wØgyLx bxwZi Kvi‡Y †m cÖqvmI †Zv Ai‡Y¨ †iv`b-G cwiYZ n‡”Q| Av‡m©wb‡Ki fqvj _vevI †div‡Z cv‡iwb Z…òvZ© G Rb‡Mvôx‡K gvwUi Av‡ivI bx‡P †_‡K cvwb D‡Ëvjb Kiv †_‡K| DcvqB ev wK? gvwUi Dc‡ii me cvwbI †Zv †KwgK¨vj-G `yó! `„k¨gvb Rjivwki we`Ny‡U is Avi DrKU MÜ gvbyl‡K mn‡RB weKí AbymÜv‡b ZvwoZ K‡i| gvwUi bx‡Pi †h Av‡m©wbK Zv‡Zv Avi Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv| d‡j miKvi jvj wPý †`qv ch©š— wbivc` we‡ePbv K‡i ZvB eënvi Ki‡Q gvbyl| wKš‘ Dc‡ii cvwbi G is Avi iƒc †`‡L Zv wK cvb Kiv m¤¢e? miKvi hw` Av‡m©wbK `~wlZ wUDeI‡qj-Gi g‡Zv †KwgK¨vj`yó me b`x‡KI jvj wPý w`‡Z ïi” K‡i, Z‡e †`‡k †Kv‡bv b`x wK jvj wP‡ýi AvIZvgy³ _vK‡e? Am¤¢e, wKš‘ Zv‡Z wK? GwU‡Zv Avgv‡ì Dbœq‡bi gvcKvwV! †h Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bxwZwba©vi‡Kiv Me©‡eva K‡ib, †h Dbœq‡bi AKz‡Zvfq i¶K Zviv, †m Dbœqb hw` b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki me b`x‡K `~wlZ K‡i †d‡j, Zv‡ZI †`v‡li wKQz †bB| cÖ‡qvR‡b nvRvi †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q b`x‡K Avevi ~lYgy³ Kiv n‡e| †`‡ki gvbyl hw` Av‡m©wb‡Ki Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv RvqMvq wUDeI‡qj-Gi cvwb bv cvq, Ab¨ RvqMvq wUDeI‡qj ’vcb Kiv n‡e, cÖ‡qvR‡b gvwUi Av‡ivI Mfx‡i hve Avgiv, Dc‡ii me cvwb bó K‡i gvwUi hZ Mfx‡i hvIqv hvq, hv‡ev, cvwb Zzj‡ev, Zvici? f~Mf©¯’ cvwb hw` †kl n‡q hvq Z‡e †evZjfwZ© wgbv‡ij cvwb wKb‡e gvbyl! f~M‡f© hw` k~b¨Zv m„wó n‡q f~wgK¤ú nq, Zvn‡j gvbyl‡K aŸsm¯—‚c †_‡K D×vi Ki‡Z †µb wKbe| ZeyI ÔDbœqbgyLxÕ wkícwZ‡ì _vgv‡bv hv‡e bv| G‡`‡ki b`x, bvjv, Lvj, wej, gvbyl, mf¨Zv me wKQz

b`x| 47

eëmvqx‡ì Kv‡Q wRw¤§ †i‡L Dbœq‡bi †Rvqvi Avbv n‡e hZB ~wlZ nDK bv †Kb, wkí cÖwµqv eÜ Kiv mf¨Zvi Acjvc| †`‡ki AvBb bv gvbyK wkícwZiv †Zv Avi AvB‡bi Aaxb bb| cÖkvm‡bi mKj eë ’v I cÖwZôvb Zv‡ì †mev cÖ`v‡b I i¶vq e× cwiKi| ZvivB †Zv wbe©vPbx Zix cvi Kiv‡bvi KvÊvix| Zv‡ì mKj Rb ^v_©we‡ivax Kg©KvÊ mn¨ Kiv Ges Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a bvbvb cÖwZkÖ”wZi Avov‡j Kvj‡¶cb Kiv †h AwjwLZ wbe©vPbx B‡¯—nvi! AvgRbZv †h B‡¯—nvi c‡ob Zvi evB‡iI †h cÖwZkÖ”wZ _v‡K, Zv‡Zv mn‡RB Aby‡gq| G‡`‡ki b`xi wel‡q wjL‡Z †M‡j GKRb cwi‡ekev`x wn‡m‡e G `xN© cÖvi¤¢ Avgv‡K wjL‡ZB n‡e| AvR †_‡K 16 eQi Av‡M U¨vbvwii eR© Ges `Lj †_‡K XvKvi cÖvY eywoM½v‡K i¶vi †h Av‡›`vjb m~wPZ K‡iwQjvg, G ch©v‡q Zvi AR©b KZUzKz? †Kb 16 eQ‡iI eywoM½vi cvi GLbI Aiw¶Z? KZ UvKv ißvwb Av‡qi wecix‡Z evi evi †invB cv‡”Qb U¨vbvwi gvwjKiv| nvRvixev‡Mi evwm›`viv wK G‡`‡ki bvMwiK bq? Zuviv wK †fv‡Ui ivRbxwZ‡Z GZB Zz”Q †h ¸wUKZK eëmvqxB wbe©vPbx ZiYxi KvÊvix? Gme welq †`‡ki me cÖavb b`x i¶vi Av‡›`vj‡bB AZ¨š— cÖvmw½K weavq GZ `xN© cÖvi¤¢| evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW©-Gi 2005 mv‡ji ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`xÕÕ bvgK cÖKvkbv Abyhvqx 310wU †QvU eo b`x G‡`‡ki Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| G †`‡ki †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z ivRavbx wn‡m‡e M‡o DVv XvKv gnvbMix‡K wN‡i †i‡L‡Q eywoM½v QvovI KvwjM½v, a‡jk¦ix, ZzivM, eskx, kxZj¶¨v Ges evjy b`xmg~n| eywoM½v b`x ZzivM b`x †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q XvKv †Rjvi wewfbœ GjvKv Ny‡i bvivqYM‡Äi Kv‡Q a‡jk¦ix b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖvß Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ Abyhvqx eywoM½v b`xi GKmg‡qi Drm n‡”Q hgybv b`x| ZzivM b`x MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvwjqv‰Ki Dc‡Rjvi eskx fvIqvj M‡oi cvnvwo eskx GjvKv n‡Z Drcbœ n‡q wewfbœ GjvKv Ny‡i eywoM½v b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e kxZj¶¨v b`x biwms`x †Rjvi wkecyi GjvKv †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q bvivqYMÄ †Rjvi Kv‡Q a‡jk¦ix b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| evjy b`x MvRxcyi †Rjvi U½x Lvj †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q XvKv †Rjvi †Wgivi wbKU kxZj¶¨v b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Ges eskx b`x Uv½vBj †Rjvi gaycyi b`x †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q XvKv, mvfv‡ii Kv‡Q a‡jk¦ix b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Ges a‡jk¦ix b`x Uv½vBj †Rjvi cvnvwo GjvKv w`‡q cÖevwnZ hgybv b`x †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q gywÝM‡Äi Kv‡Q †gNbv b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| `L‡j `~l‡Y RR©wiZ GK mg‡qi cÖgË Gme b`x| eywoM½vi Rb¨ †gvNj Avg‡j ivRavbx wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvIqv XvKv kniB †hb †g‡i †dj‡Z e‡m‡Q b`xwU‡K| cwÎKvi Le‡i eywoM½v-†Kw›`ªK †Kv‡bv Drm‡ei msev` †Zgb cvIqv hvq bv, eis cÖvYnxb, ~wlZ e‡R© i Avavi wn‡m‡eB e‡q P‡j‡Q g„ZcÖvq

48| b`x

eywoM½v| `L‡j kxY© n‡”Q G b`xi AvKvi| eywoM½v b`xi `Lj D‡”Q‡` cÖ_g gvgjv nq 1999 mv‡j| Ô†ejvÕ KZ©„K `v‡qiK…Z G gvgjvq gnvgvb¨ nvB‡KvU© †h wb‡`©kbvmg~n w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv eywoM½v b`xi `yÕcvo n‡Z A‰ea `Lj`vi‡ì D‡”Q`K‡í mgq wbw`©óKiY I c×wZ wba©viYc~e©K Dchy³ c`‡¶c D‡j−L K‡i GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b Kg©cwiKíbv AvKv‡i Av`vj‡Z `vwLj Kiv| `dvq `dvq GKB wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI miKvi †Kvb Kg©cwiíbv cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| hv‡nvK G gvgjvi m~Î a‡i 2001 mv‡j ZrKvjxb ZË¡veavqK miKvi eywoM½vq cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ D‡”Q` Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ mgq `Lj D‡”Q` Awfhv‡b `L‡ji cwigvY eû¸‡Y e„w× †c‡q‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| 2001 mvj †_‡K 2009 mvj ch©š— cwiPvwjZ Awfhv‡b eywoM½v‡K m¤ú~Y© `Ljgy³ Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| hv‡nvK, †kl ch©š— eywoM½vmn gnvbMixi Av‡iv 3wU b`x (evjy, ZzivM I kxZj¶¨v) i¶vi Av‡›`vj‡b wKQz BwZevPK ms‡hvRb n‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki mycÖxg‡KvU© A‡bKUv ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡qB b`xi `~lY Ges `Lj‡iv‡a miKvi‡K wKQz w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| `Lj‡iv‡a Av`vj‡Zi †Ìqv wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ ¸i”Z¡c~Y© n‡jv bx‡Pi wb‡ ©kbv¸‡jv :

• wm.Gm g¨vc Abymv‡i f~wg Rwic Awa`ß‡ii gnvcwiPvj‡Ki mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvq XvKv, bvivqYMÄ, gyÝxMÄ I MvRxcy‡ii †Rjv cÖkvmKMY 4 gv‡mi (1 RyjvB-1 b‡f¤î, 2009) g‡a¨ evjy, ZzivM, kxZj¶¨v, eywoM½v b`xi mxgvbv wPwýZ Ki‡e Ges 15 wW‡m¤î, 2009 G wel‡q Av`vj‡Z cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj Ki‡e;

• cieZ©x 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ b`x¸‡jvi mxgvbv „k¨gvb (on site) Ki‡Z LyuwU Muv_‡Z n‡e, mKj A‰ea ’vcbv D‡”Q` Ki‡Z n‡e Ges fivUK„Z Ask n‡Z gvwU AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e; A‰ea ’vcbv hviB †nvK bv †Kb †Kvb cÖKvi c¶cvZg~jK AvPiY QvovB AcmviY Kiv n‡e;

• cieZ©x 1 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ b`xi Zx‡i IqvKI‡q wbg©vY/mvwie×fv‡e MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e, cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq †`qvj wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯’vb‡f‡` G `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb, mswk−ó †cŠimfv, MYc~Z© wefvM I weAvBWwe−DwUG;

• b`x¸‡jvi mxgvbv wba©viY bv nIqv ch©š— XvKv, bvivqYMÄ, gyÝxMÄ I MvRxcy‡ii †Rjv cÖkvmK‡K Ab¨Î e`jx Kiv hv‡e bv;

• Dc‡iv³ Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvR‡b A_© gš¿Yvjq A_© †hvMvb w`‡e;

b`x| 49

• G Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mswk−ó e¨w³‡ì wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z îvóª gš¿Yvjq‡K wb‡`©k †`qv nq;

• Acmvi‡Yi ci miKvi A‰ea ¯’vcbv wbg©vYKvix I gvwU fivUKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K AcmviY eve` LiP cvewjK wWgvÛ wiKfvwi AvBb Abyhvqx Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e;

• mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ G PviwU b`x‡K cwi‡ek msi¶Y AvBb, 1995 Gi aviv 5 Abyhvqx eb I cwi‡ek gš¿Yvjq cwi‡ekMZ msKUvcbœ GjvKv †NvlYv Ki‡e;

• f~wg gš¿Yvjq †cvU© GjvKvi f~wg weAvBWwe −DwUG eivei 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ n¯—vš—i Ki‡e|

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50| b`x

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b`x| 51

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Avmv‡gi jymvB cvnvo †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q `xN© 180 wK: wg: c_ cÖevwnZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q KY©dzjx b`x| eÜzi c‡_ cÖevngvb KY©dzjx cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j †QvU †QvU euv‡K cªevwnZ n‡q KvßvB AÂ‡j wM‡q K…wÎg euv‡ai (KvßvB Rj we y r) d‡j euvavcÖvß nq, Avi m„wó nq wekvj K…wÎg Rjvavi| my xN©Kvj †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki eëmv-evwYR¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Y cªavbZg b`x GB KY©dzjx| evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg mgy ª e›ìI e‡½vcmvMi I KY©dzjx b`xi †gvnbvq Aew ’Z| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi GKwU e„nËg Ask PÆMÖvg mgy ª e›`‡ii Aw —‡Z¡i Dci wbf©ikxj| cwi‡ekMZ ~lY Avi `L‡ji d‡j KY©dzjx b`x I PÆMÖvg mgy ª e›`‡ii Aw —Z¡ AvR wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb| G ¸i”Z¡c~Y© b`xwUi †mªvZaviv µgkB ¶xY n‡q Avm‡Q| `yÕcv‡o AcwiKwíZfv‡e wbwg©Z ¯’vcbv, b`x `Lj I `~lY Ges `xN©w`b hver K¨vwcUvj †WªwRs bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Kb©dzjxi AvR ˆ`b¨`kv| GK mgq KY©dzjx b`x‡Z ^”Q cvwbi wecyj cÖevn wQj| wKš‘ bvbv `~l‡Yi wkKvi n‡q AvR ^”Q cvwbi cwie‡Z© Kb©dzjx b`xi ey‡K †`Lv hvq Kvj‡P yM©Ühy³ Kv`vRj| PÆMÖv‡gi gvwSiNvU †_‡K KvjyiNvU ch©š— wewfbœ ’v‡b G b`x fivU Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G fivUK…Z Rwg Pov `v‡g wewµ n‡”Q| KY©dyjxi `yÕZx‡i `xN© GjvKv Ry‡o M‡o D‡V‡Q cªvq 720wU wkí KviLvbv, hvi 690wU KviLvbviB †bB †Kv‡bv cwi‡ekMZ QvocÎ| Gme wkí KviLvbvi welv³ eR¨© mivmwi KY©dzjx b`xi cvwb‡Z wg‡k welv³ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q G b`xi cvwb| wbwðý n‡Z P‡j‡Q wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQmn RjR cÖvYx| 1801 mv‡j Avwoqvj Luv b`x †_‡K Drcbœ †h RjvaviwU ewikvj bMix‡K Qyu‡q `w¶‡Y bjwQwUi Kv‡Q myMÜv Ges SvjKvwVi welLvjx b`xi mv‡_ wg‡k ewikvj b`x wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q †mwUB KxZ©b‡Lvjv b`x| †mªvZw ^bx Db¥y³ G b`x `Lj n‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q wkí KviLvbv| A‰ea I AcwiKwíZfv‡e M‡o IVv Gme Acwi‡kvwaZ eR¨© mivmwi G b`xi cvwb `~wlZ Ki‡Q| Avevi G b`xi Zx‡iB M‡o DV‡Q BU fvUv| GQvov b`xi ms‡hvM Lvj Ges kvLvb`x¸‡jv‡Z AcwiKwíZ −yBm †MU I euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j cvwb cÖevn A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q Ges cwj c‡o bve¨Zv msKU †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| b`xwU‡Z Gfv‡e `Lj I `~lY Pj‡Z _vK‡j A`~i fwel¨‡Z G b`x g„Z b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| fvi‡Zi M‡½vÎx wngevn †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q cÙv bv‡gB evsjv‡`‡ki †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ b`x †hgb PjvPj Ges cY¨ cwien‡b ¸i”Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Zv †Zgwb Zv wQj RjR m¤ú‡` ficyi| GKmgq cÖej †XD‡qi Rb¨ weL¨vZ b`xwU‡K wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q eû RbwcÖq Mvb| cÙvi wekvj †XD Gi mv‡_ gvby‡li k~Y¨ ü`‡qi †hvMm~Î‡Zv e‡UB, GgbwK Avš—R©vwZK mKj ixwZ-bxwZ D‡c¶v K‡i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fviZ dviv°v euva wbg©vY Ki‡j G b`xi Dc‡i †b‡g Av‡m Pig Awfkvc| eZ©gv‡b el©v †gŠmy‡g mvgvb¨ cvwb _vK‡jI gbKviv †mB †XD †bB

b`x| 53

G‡Kev‡iB| GgbwK MÖx‡®§I cÙv b`xi ga¨ w`‡q cv‡q †nu‡U PjvPj Kiv hvq| dviv°v euv‡ai Kvi‡Y cÖvq g„Z G b`x| cÖevn K‡g Ges cwj R‡g b`xi cvwb aviY ¶gZv G‡Kev‡iB †bB| b`x‡Z cvwb bv _vKvq Amvay eëmvqxiv wbwe©Pv‡i evjy Zzj‡Q| Avevi b`xi Rwg‡K e¨w³MZ m¤úwË e‡j `vwe K‡i GLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| bv‡iv` b`wU ivRkvnx †Rjvi cev Dc‡Rjvaxb k¨vgcyi bvgK ’v‡b cÙv †_‡K †ei n‡q bv‡Uvi mì _vbvi Kvdzwiqvi wbP w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i Kvw›`cvovq gymvLv‡bi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q cybivq AuvKveuvKv c_ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q Rvjvjvev`, Kmev, †bvUvevwoqv, GKWvjv, bv‡Uvi †cŠimfv AwZµg K‡i eo nwikcy‡ii wfZi w`‡q i‡Zb‡Mvcvovi wbKU ¸gvbx b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| bv‡Uvi m`‡ii Rsjx GjvKvq Aew¯’Z bv‡Uvi myMvi wgjm wjt, cÖvY cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwb wjt Ges hgybv wWw÷jvix wjt cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Acwi‡kvwaZ ivmvqwbK eR©¨ I wewfbœ gqjv-Ave©Rbv `xN©w`b a‡iB bvi` b‡` wb®‹vwkZ n‡”Q| GmKj Acwi‡kvwaZ I Zij c`v_© b`wUi cvwb‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e `~wlZ I welv³ Ki‡Q| e¨vnZ I wech© — K‡i‡Q GjvKvevmxi ^vfvweK Rxeb| GQvov A‰eafv‡e b`x `Lj K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q bvbviKg ¯’vcbv| `Lj I `~l‡Yi Ke‡j RR©wiZ G b`x †Kv_vI †Kv_vI bvjv ev Lv‡ji AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q| Avevi ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g G b`xi †Kv_vI †Kv_vI cvwbk~b¨ n‡q PjvP‡ji iv —v ˆZwi nq| `~lY I `Lj †_‡K bvi` b`‡K i¶vi GjvKvevmxi `vwei †cÖw¶‡Z †ejv KZ©„K `v‡qiK…Z gvgjvq gnvgvb¨ nvB‡KvU© bv‡Uvi wPwbKj Ges hgybv wWw÷jvwiR wjt-Gi cwi‡ekMZ QvocÎ Qvov cwiPvwjZ Kvh©µg‡K †Kb A‰ea Ges †eAvBwb †NvlYv Kiv n‡e bv g‡g© KviY `k©v‡bvi i”j Rvwi Ki‡jI `~lYKvix Gme cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b G b`xwU cÖvYnxb weeY© I welv³ cvwbi Avav‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Lyjbv gnvbMixi †Kvj †Nu‡l cÖevwnZ HwZnëvnx gq~i b`x| kZ eQ‡ii cyi‡bv gq~i b`xwU DË‡ii e„nr Rjvkq wejWvKvwZqv †_‡K DrcwË n‡q PKg_yivev` I eqivi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q †mvbvWv½v evm ÷¨v‡Ûi cwðg cvk †_‡K K…òbMi (eZ©gvb †gvn¤§`bMi), mvwPeywbqv, cuywUgvix, ewUqvNvUvi †ZZzjZjv n‡q iƒcmv b`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| G b`xwU 30/40 eQi Av‡MI wQj Li‡mªvZv| GKmg‡qi cÖvYPÂj Mfxi G b`x w`‡qB ewUqvNvUv, `v‡Kvc I cvBKMvQvmn `w¶Y Lyjbvevmx gvjvgvj enb KiZ| Lyjbv kn‡ii eëmv-evwY‡Rï GKwU eo Ask M‡o D‡VwQj GwU‡K †K› ª K‡i| K‡qKkÕ †R‡j cwievi Zv‡ì RxweKv wbe©vn KiZ G b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i| A_P b`xwU AvR g„Z-e× Rjvk‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| 1982-83 mv‡j wbwg©Z AcwiKwíZ kni i¶v euvaB _vwg‡q w`‡q‡Q G b`xi ~iš—cbv| Gi Dci wbwg©Z nq `kgy‡Lv −yBR †MU| b`xi cÖvq m¤ú~Y© AskB P‡j †M‡Q euv‡ai g‡a¨| G b`xi `yÕcvk wN‡i

54| b`x

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b`x| 55

¯’vcb K‡i cv_i D‡Ëvjb Kivq b`xi Zj‡`‡k evwj c‡o B‡Zvg‡a¨ b`xi ¯^vfvweK MwZwewai cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q Ges b`x e‡¶ RvqMvq RvqMvq m„wó n‡q‡Q evjyi ¯—‚c| Gme evjy b`xi `yÕcv‡oi Avev`x Rwg‡Z Qwo‡q c‡o Rwgi e¨vcK ¶wZmvab Ki‡Q| hvwš¿Kfv‡e Gm‡K‡fUi I †evgv †gwkb ’vcb K‡i cv_i D‡Ëvjb eÜ K‡i b`x i¶vi `vwe‡Z †ejv KZ©„K `v‡qiK…Z gvgjvi iv‡q gnvgvb¨ Av`vjZ hvwš¿Kfv‡e Gm‡K‡fUi I †evgv †gwkb ’vcb K‡i cv_i D‡Ëvjb eÜ K‡i WvDKx, wcqvBb I ajvB b`x‡K i¶v Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| nvB‡Kv‡U©i wb‡ ©kbv Abyhvqx cÖKv‡k¨ hvwš¿Kfv‡e Gm‡K‡fUi I †evgv †gwkb ’vcb K‡i cv_i D‡Ëvjb eÜ _vK‡jI iv‡Zi Avauv‡i Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q b`x aŸs‡mi G‡nb Kvh©µg| Avmvg, gwbcyi, wg‡Rvivg iv‡Rï Avgjwk` bvgK RvqMv w`‡q eivK b`x yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q DËi w`‡K myigv Ges `w¶Yw`‡K Kzwkqviv bvg aviY K‡i

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56| b`x

GB b`x¸‡jvi g‡Zv cÖvq GKB ai‡bi wPÎ weivR Ki‡Q Zzjmx-M½v, evOvwj, K‡iv‡Zvqv, hv yKvUv, igbvev`, AvÎvB, BQvgwZ. gymvLvb I beM½v b`xi †¶‡ÎI| Z‡e wK Gme b`xI K‡cvZv¶ b‡ì cwiYwZB eiY Ki‡e? mZZ cÖevngvb b`x¸‡jv wK åvwš—i K‡j−v‡jB mvš—¡bv cv‡e? b`xgvZ…K G †`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì Kv‡Q b`x nvwi‡q hvIqv Avi †`k‡cÖg nvwi‡q hvIqvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? Avmyb mevB wg‡j b`x i¶vi Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`B| eZ©gvb AvB‡bi cvkvcvwk b`x i¶vq bZzb I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx AvBb I cÖwZôv‡bi `vwe‡Z †mv”Pvi nB| ˆmq`v wiRIqvbv nvmvb : cÖavb wbe©vnx, evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek AvBbRxex mwgwZ (†ejv)

b`x| 57

b`x †emiKvwiKi‡Yi cÖ —ve we‡ePbv Ki”b AvjZvd cvi‡fR evsjv‡`‡k hviv b`x wb‡q KvR K‡ib Zv‡ì Avgvi wKQy ejvi Av‡Q| cÖ_g K_v n‡jvÑ Gme gvbyl wK ÔKvRÕ K‡ib? g~jZ GK ai‡bi nvnvKvi| b`x wQj, wKš‘ †mB b`xgvjv nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| G GK `xN©k^v‡mi g‡Zv| b`xevÜe gvby‡li Zver ÔKvRÕ-Gi ïi” Ges †kl GLv‡bB| G‡ì g‡a¨ hviv ÔAMÖmiÕ Zviv gv‡S g‡a¨ b`x `L‡ji cÖwZev‡` gvbeeÜb K‡ib| A‡b‡K cwÎKvq †j‡Lb| eBI †ewi‡q‡Q wKQy| hviv MÖv‡g eo n‡q‡Qb, b`x †`‡L‡Qb, Zviv nq‡Zv Gme `xN©k^vmag©x A¯úó A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi bxie mg_©KI e‡U| wKš‘ bvMwiK Zi”Y cÖR‡š§i Kv‡Q Gme nvnvKvi I `xN©k^v‡mi ev¯—e †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| Avwg MÖv‡g eo nIqv Pwj−‡kvaŸ©| wKš‘ Avgvi Kv‡QI eivei g‡b n‡q‡Q b`xevÜe‡ì PjwZ avivi hveZxq Kv‡Ri †hvMdj k~b¨| G‡Kev‡i k~bÏ Aek¨ ejv hvq bv| KviY Gme ZrciZvi ga¨ w`‡q Ôcwi‡ekev`xÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nIqvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| lv‡Ui `k‡K RvZxqZvev`x nIqv, mË‡ii `k‡K gvK©mev`x nIqv; Avwki `k‡K bvixev`x nIqvi g‡ZvB GLb cwi‡ekev`x nIqv A‡bK ÔAMÖmiÕ e¨vcvi| wKš‘ b`xi ¯v‡_© b`xevÜe‡ì nvj-Avg‡ji ZrciZvi †Kv‡bv ev —e g~j¨ †bB| KviY Zv‡ì ÔKvRÕ-Gi ga¨ w`‡q b`x euvP‡e bv| K‡qKwU eB, wew”Qbœ wKQy gvbeeÜb, †mwgbvi, e−M, †bUIqvwK©s BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g MZ yÕ`kK a‡i b`xwelqK me KvbœvKvwUi gva¨‡g GK BwÂ b`xc_I `Lj-

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58| b`x

Luy‡R gRv cvb Ges hviv mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z Zrci †m ai‡bi ÔGKwUwf÷Õ‡ì „wófw½ n‡Z n‡e eivei D™¢vebx g‡bvfw½i| myZivs b`xi cÖvB‡fUvB‡Rk‡bi cÖ —ve ï‡bB hviv AuvZ‡K DV‡eb Zv‡ì Rb¨ Avgvi wKQy cÖkœ Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ, A‡b‡KB b`x wel‡q B`vbxs miKv‡ii Kv‡Q bvbv `vwe I cÖ —ve Zz‡j ai‡Qb| G ai‡bi cÊkÖg †Kb? Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cÖkvm‡bi Ges miKv‡ii †h cÖK…wZ Ges mvg_©¨, Zviv wK Av‡`Š †`‡ki b`x c_¸‡jv‡K gvwdqv‡ì nvZ †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z mg_©? gvbeeÜb ev †mwgbvi BZ¨vw` K‡i G miKvi ev cÖkvmb‡K w`‡q `Lj nIqv b`x D×vi ev `Lj nIqvi Dcµg nIqv b`x i¶v G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e| Avgiv hw` ev¯—eev`x nB Zvn‡j †`L‡Z cve †h, A`~i fwel¨‡ZI evsjv‡`‡k mvnmx, `¶, Av`k©ev`x ivR‰bwZK `j MVb Ges Giƒc `‡ji ¶gZvq hvIqvi we›`ygvÎ †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB| myZivs b`x m¤ú‡ì Ici eZ©gv‡b †h miKvwi gvwjKvbv (Lvm) i‡q‡Q †mUvB hw` eRvq _v‡K Zvn‡j G b`x¸‡jv †e`Lj n‡ZB _vK‡e| †Kej †e`Lj nIqvB eo mgm¨v bq| A‡bK b`x `Ljgy³ _vKvi ciI cy‡ivcywi eënvi A‡hvM¨, KviY wkíe‡R© i jvMvgnxb Wvw¤ús| evsjv‡`‡k miKv‡ii †P‡q kni-MÖv‡gi gvwdqv Pµ¸‡jv A‡bK `¶, kw³kvjx Ges mwµq| fz‡j †M‡j Pj‡e bv †h, evsjv‡`k we‡kî Ab¨Zg ye©j Ges AKvh©Ki ivóª| GLv‡b cÖkvm‡bi mvg_© AwZ wbgœgv‡bi| Afve i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Rbe‡ji Ges mg‡qi| Dciš‘ Zviv yb©xwZMÖ —| myZivs gvwdqv‡ì †gvKv‡ejv K‡i Ges Zv‡ì weivMfvRb n‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi evowZ Av‡qi my‡hvM †bB Ggb GKwU KvR G cÖkvmb †Kv‡bv w`bB Ki‡e bv| Zvi Kv‡Q GUv PvIqv cy‡ivcywi A_©nxb| wKQy ÔbvMwiK cwi‡ekev`xÕ †`‡ki m‡e©v”P Av`vjZ‡K eënvi K‡i b`x i¶vq cÖkvmb‡K mwµq Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡Qb| Avgv‡ì AvgjvZš¿ Ges b`xc‡_i `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i ev —e m¤ú‡K© Ávb bv _vKvB Giƒc e¨_© cÖK‡íi D™¢e| Gm‡ei D‡`¨v‡Mi †Kv‡bv BwZevPK dj †bB| ZvQvov D×vi KivB eo K_v bq| †mUv cÖwZwbqZ cvnviv †Ìqv, i¶v Kiv, hZœ Kiv BZ¨vw` e¨vcvi i‡q‡Q| †`kRy‡o Qwo‡q _vKv nvRvi nvRvi KviLvbvq cvnviv emv‡bvi mvg_©¨ Avgv‡ì wWwm-Gmwc‡ì †bB| Gme KviLvbv G gyn~‡Z© wbiew”Qbœfv‡e b`x I Rjvav‡ii cvwb ~lY K‡i P‡j‡Q| GK kZvsk KviLvbvqI †kvabvMvi †bB| Gme KviLvbv gvwjKB Avevi ivRbxwZ I miKv‡ii wbqš¿K| G‡ì gvwjKvbvaxb MYgva¨gB Avevi cwi‡ekev`x‡ì AvkÖq ’j| GZme ^we‡ivwaZvq fiv Avgv‡ì GW‡fv‡Kwm! Gme ÔMYgva¨gÕ m~‡ÎB †`Lv †M‡Q, A‡b‡K b`x i¶vq ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K mswk−ó Kivi K_v e‡j _v‡Kb| ’vbxq miKvi gv‡b Avgv‡ì †`‡k RvZxq miKv‡iiB GKUv G·‡Ubkb| AvIqvgx jxM, weGbwci gvV ch©v‡qi †bZvivB ’vbxq miKvifz³| Zv‡ì g‡bv‡hvM b`x `L‡ji w`‡K, b`x `~l‡Yi w`‡K, b`x i¶vq

b`x| 59

bq| ZvQvov cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e ¯’vbxq miKvi b`x m¤ú` i¶v Ki‡Z hv‡e †Kb? Zvi cÖ‡Yv`bv †K_vq? †m Kxfv‡e G †_‡K jvfevb n‡e? Giƒc Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii m¤ú`MZ †hvM¨ZvI †bB| wØZxqZ fvi‡Zi GKZidv cvwb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki b`xc_¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i g‡i hv‡”Q| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB A‡bK ¯’v‡b b`xi ey‡K Pvlvev` n‡”Q, emwZiI †Póv Pj‡Q| Giƒc cÖeYZv †VKv‡bv hv‡e wKfv‡e? b`x cv‡oi Mwie gvby‡li c¶ †_‡K GUv GK ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZv| wKš‘ b`x †Zv euvPv‡ZB n‡e| †m †¶‡Î Dcvq Kx? Avgv‡ì AwaKvsk b`xB GLb g„ZcÖvq| G¸‡jv Lbb I †WªwRs cÖ‡qvRb| LyeB e¨qmv‡c¶ e¨vcvi GUv| GB wewb‡qvMUzKz †K Ki‡eÑ hw` wewb‡qvM †_‡K mivmwi jvf bv Av‡m| Avgv‡ì iv‡óªi Ggb mvg_© †Kv_vq †h, kZ kZ gvBj b`xc_ Lb‡b bvg‡e †m| gvwdqviv wKsev b`x cv‡oi Mwie gvbyl hw` `Lj bvI K‡i †bq ZeyI b`x euvP‡e bv, hw` bv †m¸‡jv Lbb Kiv nq| Avevi Lbb K‡i hw` wbqwgZ Z`viK Kiv bv nq Zvn‡j KjKviLvbvi gvwjKiv Aejxjvq eR©¨ wb®‹vkb K‡i Gme b`x‡K cÖvq Zvr¶wYKfv‡e `~wlZ K‡i †dj‡e| b`xevÜe eÜyiv wK ivóªxq wbqš¿‡Y †_‡K b`x¸‡jvi Giƒc cwiYwZB Pvb? GiKg eû cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq, wKš‘ Avwg ms‡¶‡c eje; b`x i¶vi aviYvi g‡a¨ Aek¨B A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡Yv`bv‡K Ges A_©‰bwZK m¤¢vebv‡K hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB †Kej b`x euvP‡e| †Kej Av‡eM, ivóªxq wbqš¿‡Yi wg_ Ges †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi cÖwZ K‡qK cÖR‡š§i jvwjZ HwZnvwmK N„Yv wb‡q †KD †hb Avgvi cÖ —vewU we‡ePbv bv K‡ib| †`‡ki kZ kZ gvBj b`xc_‡K †QvU †QvU LÊ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i kZ kZ gvbyl‡K Zvi eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv hvq| Gme eë¯’vcK ev wewb‡qvMKvix AvnŸv‡bi mgq b`x cv‡oi gvby‡li AMÖvwaKv‡ii welqwUI we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| Giv wbw ©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ Ges wbw ©ó k‡Z©i wfwË‡Z b`xc_¸‡jvi gvwjKvbv cv‡eb| Zviv Dš§y³ cÖ¯—v‡ei gva¨‡g b`xc_ eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ †b‡eb| b`x‡K Lbb I Li‡mªvZv K‡i Zzj‡eb Zviv| b`xi cvwbi weï×Zv i¶vI Zv‡ì `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ _vK‡e| fveyb †Zv GKevi, Gfv‡e hw` kZ kZ gvBjRy‡o b`xc_¸‡jv cyi‡bv fw½‡Z †R‡M I‡V Zvn‡j evsjvi iƒcwU †Kgb n‡e? nu¨v, wewb‡qvMKvixiv eëmv Ki‡eb| ÔeëmvÕ kã ï‡bB †nuvPU LvIqvi wKQy †bB| †h wewb‡qvMKvix b`x Lbb Ki‡eb, b`x cvnviv †`‡eb, b`xi cvwbi weï×Zv i¶v Ki‡eb Zv‡K LiP DVv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges gybvdvi Rb¨ gvQ Pvl Ki‡Z †Ìqv n‡e, nuv‡mi Lvgvi Kiv hv‡e, b`x w`‡q hvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ miKvi wba©vwiZ wd †b‡eb wZwb; evjy D‡ËvjY Ki‡eb; GgbwK b`xi cvwb hviv †m‡Pi Kv‡R jvMv‡eb ZvivI †mUv wK‡b †b‡eb| AuvZ‡K IVvi wKQy †bB, GgbI n‡Z cv‡i b`x cv‡ii mvRv‡bv evMv‡b emvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó nv‡i gy`ªv `vwe Ki‡eb wZwb| Gfv‡eB wekvj GK Ôcwi‡ekevÜeÕ Ges b`xwfwËK A_©bxwZi Rš§ n‡e|

60| b`x

Avgvi Gme cÖ¯—ve nq‡Zv A‡b‡Ki g~j¨‡ev‡ai m‡½ msNl© ˆZwi Ki‡e| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì AvR‡Ki giv b`xwUi cv‡oi K…lKiv wWc-wUDeI‡q‡ji †h Rj †mP Ki‡Qb Zv wK e¨qmv‡c¶ bq? IBme gvbyl moKc‡_ †hfv‡e gvjvgvj cwienb Ki‡Qb †mUvI wK e¨qeûj bq? d¨v›Uvwm wKsW‡g hviv K…wÎg cwi‡e‡k Rj‡Kwj Ki‡Z hvb Zviv wK webvg~‡j¨ Avb›` †K‡bb? AvR‡K cÖwZwU b`x †_‡K †h evjy DV‡Q Zvi g~j¨ Kvi c‡K‡U hv‡”Q? b`x hw` GKB ai‡bi Pvwn`v I mieivn AviI mnR Ges DbœZ c‡_ c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j †mLv‡b `yB UvKv e¨q Ki‡Z gvbyl †gv‡UB wcQ cv n‡e bv| G †¶‡Î msKU †Kej cÖ¯—vewU DÌvc‡bi| G gyn~‡Z© Avgv‡ì b`x¸‡jvi †hgb †Kv‡bv A_©‰bwZK g~j¨ †bB, †Zgwb hviv b`x i¶vi Rb¨ nvnvKvi Ki‡Qb Zv‡ì †mB nvnvKv‡ii g‡aÏ †Kv‡bv A_©‰bwZK m¤¢vebv †bB| b`xwelqK A¨vw±wfRg‡K Aek¨B Zvi ÔKvRÕ-Gi ga¨ w`‡q †`‡ki mvg‡b GKwU A_©‰bwZK m¤¢vebv Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| b`x‡K GKwU LvZ wn‡m‡e fve‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì miKv‡ii Rb¨ b`x i¶v I `Ljgy³ Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡jI b`xc‡_i †emiKvwiKi‡Yi ev¯—evqb `yiƒn n‡e bv| A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡YB G‡Z miKv‡ii Drmvn _vK‡e| b`xwelqK GKwU c„_K Ges ’vqx cÖvB‡fUvB‡Rkb †evW© cÖwZôv K‡i Giƒc KvR myPvi”fv‡eB Kiv hvq| ejv evûj¨, Kv‡Ri c×wZ I †KŠkjMZ w`‡Ki †P‡q AvcvZZ G gyn~‡Z© Ri”wi n‡jv aviYvMZ ¯^”QZv m„wó| b`x‡K Kxfv‡e i¶v Kiv hv‡e Ges Kxfv‡e Zv GKwU A_©‰bwZK m¤¢vebv wb‡q nvwRi n‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K hw` Avgiv ev¯—eev`x `„wó wb‡¶c Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j Zvi ev¯—evq‡bi †KŠkj wba©viY ¶wY‡Ki welq gvÎ| [email protected]

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evsjv‡`‡ki b`x I †bŠ-cwienb b~i Kvgi”b bvnvi evsjv‡`k b`xgvZ…K †`k| G‡`‡ki kni, e›ì, MÄ¸‡jv M‡o D‡V‡Q b`xi Zx‡i| †bŠ-†hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweav‡K AbymiY K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q eëmv evwYR¨ †K›`ª, emwZ| †bŠ-cwien‡bi Avw` K_v †bŠ-cwien‡bi gva¨‡gB G Dcgnv‡`‡ki cwienb eë¯’v ïi” n‡q‡Q| †bŠ-c‡_B AvMgb N‡U‡Q wewfbœ we‡`wk ewY‡Ki| †bŠ-cwienbB n‡”Q G AÂ‡ji me‡P‡q Avw` cwienb eë¯’v| GB cwienb eë¯’v A‡bK †¶‡ÎB wQj G‡Kev‡iB Ahvwš¿K I cÖhyw³ wbf©iZv ewR©Z| 1834 mv‡j óxg BwÄb eënv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q ïi” nq hvwš¿K †bŠ PjvPj| M½v b`x‡Z cÖ_g †h hvwš¿K †bŠ-hvb PjvPj K‡i Zvi bvg jW© DBwjqvg †ewëK| g~jZ evwYwR¨K †bŠ PjvP‡ji ïi” ZLb †_‡KB| 1844 mv‡j evwYwR¨K †bŠ-cwien‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq e„wUk †Kv¤úvwb India General Navigation and Railway Company-IGNR K‡qK eQi ci Avwef©~Z nq River Sytem Navigation-RSN. e„wUk kvmbvg‡j hvÎx I cb¨ cwien‡b kZKiv 70 fvM KiZ jÛb wfwËK GB yÕwU e„wUk †Kv¤úvwb IGNR I RSN Dbwsk kZvãxi †kl w`‡K KjKvZv n‡Z my›ìe‡bi †fZi w`‡q Lyjbv ch©š— cÖwZ eQ‡i cÖvq 900wU wUªc n‡Zv| Aí mg‡qi eëav‡b wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K GB msL¨v e„w× †c‡q uvovq cuvP nvRvi| †bŠ-cwienb G‡`‡ki Avw` cwienb eë¯’v n‡jI GB cwienb eë¯’vi wbqš¿Y I Dbœqb wb‡q wPš—vfvebvi ïi” A‡bK c‡i| cÖ_g hvwš¿K †bŠ PjvP‡ji ïi”i cÖvq 100 eQi c‡i A‡bK c‡i 1934 mv‡j evsjv AvBb cwil‡` Af¨š—ixY †bŠ-c_ AvBb cvk Kiv nq| ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ GZ eQi c‡i cvk nIqv AvBbwU ïaygvÎ KvM‡RB mxgve× wQj KLbB Zv ev¯—‡e Kvh©Ki Kiv nqwb| cvwK¯—vb m„wói ci Af¨š—ixY †bŠ-c‡_i Dbœqb I cwiPvj‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi GKwU KZ…©c‡¶i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv bvbvfv‡e Abyf~Z nq| wewfbœ we‡klÁ MÖ”c Zv‡ì mgx¶vq G wel‡q eû mycvwik Dc¯’vcb K‡i| hvi d‡j 1958 mv‡j 31 A‡±vei East Pakistan Inland Water Transport Ordinance Rvix K‡i Af¨š—ixY †bŠ-c‡_i Dbœqb i¶Yv‡e¶YI wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU wewae× ms¯’v ˆZwi K‡i| hvi hvÎv ïi” nq 1958 mv‡j 18 b‡f¤î|

62| b`x

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64| b`x

Kv‡j b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i moK I †ij †hvMv‡hvM M‡o D‡VwQj| wKš‘ ^vaxbZv cieZx© mg‡q Amgwš^Z I AcwiKwíZ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi d‡j b`x c‡_i mv‡_ ms‡hvM †i‡L moK Dbœq‡bi w`‡K j¶ ivLv nqwb| b`x c‡_i wewfbœ Nv‡U/c‡q›U eënvi K‡i hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ mnR moK †hvM‡hvM M‡o D‡Vwb| d‡j †bŠ-c‡_ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ RbMY mo‡Ki mv‡cvU© cv‡”Qbv| mnR hvZvqvZ myweav weewR©Z n‡q Af¨ — n‡q D‡V‡Q moK c‡_i hvZvqv‡Z| Gfv‡e µgvš^‡q GKmgq cwiZ¨³ n‡”Q †bŠc_wU | Avevi †Kv_vI †bŠ c‡_i weKí K‡i mo‡Ki Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P weKí bv K‡i cwic~iK K‡i Dbœqb Kiv †hZ A_ev cvkvcvwk `yÕ‡Uv gva¨g‡KB wUwK‡q †i‡L `yÕ‡Uv gva¨‡gi myweav‡KB Kv‡R jvMv‡bv †hZ| yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e Gi †KvbwUB nqwb| wewbg‡q Avgiv nvwi‡qwQ †bŠc_| bó K‡iwQ GKwU mgwš^Z cwienb eë¯’vi D¾¡j m¤¢ebv‡K|

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b`x| 65

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66| b`x

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b`x| 67

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68| b`x

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70| b`x

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80| b`x

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b`x| 81

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82| b`x

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b`x| 83

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Am½wZ †`‡L †cQ‡b hvevi †Nvi m„wó K‡i e‡m _vKvi PvB‡Z ìKvi GB Am½wZ †evSv Ges Zv ~i Kievi iv —v †LuvRv| ¸i”Z¡c~Y© cÖkœwU n‡jv, cÖK…wZ I Zvi †_‡K K…wÎgfv‡e wew”Qbœ n‡q hvIqv gvby‡li m„Rbkxj Ges MwZgq fvimvg¨ †Kb m¤¢e n‡e bv? evavUv †Kv_vq? GZw`‡bi AwfÁZv †_‡K Ges ¶gZvevb Avš—R©vwZK ms¯’v-M‡elK-miKvi-e„nr gvwjK cÖf„wZi K_vevZ©v hyw³web¨vm †_‡K †Zv GB cÖkœB cÖej n‡q D‡V †h, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wbivcËv wbwðZ Kievi Rb¨, Zvi Rxe‡b Av‡qk Avbevi Rb¨, gvby‡li Rxeb m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨, bZzb w`Mš— D‡b¥vP‡bi Rb¨ wK Z‡e wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi cÖvYB webvk Ki‡Z n‡e? cÖK…wZ aŸsm n‡e, b`xbvjv Lvjwejmn cvwb cÖevn welv³ n‡e, meyR MvQcvjv njy n‡e wKsev ï®‹ Kv‡ô cwiYZ n‡e, cvwL QUdU Ki‡Z Ki‡Z gi‡e wKsev cvjv‡e, bZzb mv‡R mw¾Z dmj dj †fZ‡i wel wb‡q nvwRi n‡e †PvL nviv‡bv gvby‡li mvg‡b| GQvov Avi †Kvb MwZ †bB? Z‡e wK Ávb AR©b Ki‡jv gvbyl j¶ j¶ eQ‡i? GUvB Z‡e Dbœqb? e‡UB, eZ©gvb AwacwZ Ávb Abyhvqx GUvB Dbœqb| wKš‘ GUv Avm‡j Kx? 5 eb¨vi BwZnvm †hgb cÖvPxb, euv‡ai BwZnvmI †Zgwb cÖvPxb| euva QvovI Ab¨ bvbv eë¯’v gvbyl MÖnY K‡i‡Q Rwgi dmj Nievwo emwZ i¶v ev fvOb †VKv‡bvi †Póvq| †mme †Póvi g‡a¨ bvbv cwieZ©b ms‡kvab I cwigvR©b †`Lv hvq| Z‡e Gm‡ei GKUv eo êwkó wQj A¯’vwqZ¡ Ges ¯’vwbKZv| wbqš¿Y †h‡nZz ’vqx wQj bv Ges hZUzKz wQj ZvI wQj ’vwbK Zvi d‡j b`xi cÖev‡ni DciI †Kvb ¯’vqx cÖwZeÜKZv ˆZwi nqwb| d‡j cÖwZwµqv n‡q‡Q GLbKvi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg, hLb euva gv‡bB GKwU ¯’vqx cÖwZ‡iva| evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqx euvamn e¨vcKfv‡e Kbwµ‡Ui bvbv KvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi ïi” cÂvk `k‡K| ïay cvwK¯—vb (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k mn) bq fviZmn AviI A‡bK †`‡kB Avgiv GB `k‡K eb¨v wbqš¿Y ev cvwbm¤ú` eë¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î mgag©x D‡`¨vM †`wL | cÖ‡KŠkj `„wófw½‡Z eb¨v wbqš¿Y I cvwb eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ GwU wQj Awfbœ Acwinvh© eë ’v| ZrKvjxb cÖwZwôZ Dbœqb wPš—vi m‡½I GB n¯—‡¶cg~jK AvµgYvZ¥K eë¯’vewj wQj m½wZc~Y©| KviY : 1.hvwš¿K cÖ‡KŠkj „wófw½ b`x‡K cvwb wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z Af¨¯—, Rxeš— b`x wn‡m‡e bq, mgMÖ cÖK…wZi Ask wn‡m‡e bq| 2.Zvi d‡j GB `„wófw½ b`xi m‡½ Ab¨ AviI nvRv‡iv Rxeš— mËvi †hvM †`L‡Z e¨_© nq| 3.GB `„wófw½ b`xi wewfbœ Ask‡K K¤úvU©‡g›U wn‡m‡e †`‡L, †`‡L LÊ LÊ wew”Qbœ AvKv‡i| Zvi d‡j Zvi Kg©c×wZ D‡c¶v K‡i ALÊ Ges Awew”Qbœ b`xi cÖevn‡K|

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b`x| 89

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94| b`x

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b`x| 95

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96| b`x

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b`x| 97

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98| b`x

D‡V‡Q| KviY b`x Zv‡ì Rxeb I ¯^‡cœi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z wM‡q mwZ¨ mwZ¨B Rbbxi f~wgKvwU †i‡L‡Q| Avgiv b`xgvZ…K †`‡ki evwm›`v| GB f~wgi cÖvPxb mg‡qi mg¯— Dbœqb Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q b`x‡K wN‡i| Gwkqv, BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvq K‡qK nvRvi eQi Av‡MB Pvjy n‡q‡Q †mP eë ’v| wKš‘ †m eë¯’v¸‡jvi meB wQj b` b`xi Drm †_‡K kvLv b`x, †mLvb †_‡K Lvj I Lvj †_‡K bvjvi gva¨‡g K…wl Rwg‡Z cvwb †cŠ‡Q †`qvi eë ’v| GB Avw` eë¯’v wQj Avgv‡ì †¶‡ÎI| cªvPxbKv‡j GB e½xqf~wgi Dbœqb N‡U‡Q b`x‡K †K›`ª K‡i| ïay †mP bq, †hvMv‡hvM, eëmv evwYR¨ mewKQziB †K›`ª wQj b`x| el©vKv‡j b`xi yK‚j Dc‡P †hZ cvwb‡Z| wewfbœ GjvKv c−vweZ nZ| ZLb evOvwj cÖK…wZ †m‡R DVZ Avjv`v GK mv‡R| b`x‡Z PjZ cvj †Zvjv †bŠKv| gv‡Qi cÖvPz‡h© f‡i DVZ Pviw`K| el©vKvjB ZLb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ n‡q DVZ †gv¶g mgq| cwieZ©b¸‡jv †hb gvby‡li Pvwn`vi m‡½ cvj−v w`‡q N‡U‡Q| GKmgq c„w_ex ª”ZMvgx n‡Z ïi” K‡i‡Q| b`xc‡_i †hvMv‡hvM‡K gvbyl mgqmv‡c¶ Ávb Ki‡Z ïi” K‡i‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡bB AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vYmn bvbv Kvi‡YB b`x nviv‡Z ïi” K‡i‡Q Zvi Avw` HwZn¨| b`xi hLb Hk¦h© wQj ZLb Avgiv b`xi cvwbi myôz eënvi Ki‡Z cvwiwb, b`x kvmb K‡i Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b b`xi Avkxe©v`‡K ¯’vwqZ¡ w`‡Z cvwiwb, Ab¨w`‡K cÖK…wZi cÖwZ wbf©iZvi cÖ‡kœI Avgiv B‡”Q K‡iB w`‡bi ci w`b wcwQ‡q co‡Z ïi” K‡iwQ| wKš‘ mwVK cwiKíbv wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡Y, cÖK…wZ‡K mwVK c‡_ GwM‡q bv wb‡Z cvivi Kvi‡Y GLb b`xb g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK Avkxe©vÌ Avgv‡ì w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡”Q| A_P, c„w_exi †`‡k †`‡k b`-b`xi cvwb‡K myôz eënvi I mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b b`x‡Kw›`ªK bZzb bZzb cwiKíbv ev¯—evq‡bi eû bwRi m„wó n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi mxÜz I M½v, wgk‡bi bxj, Px‡bi Bqvswk, wf‡qZbvg K‡¤^vwWqvi †gKs I †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi BD‡d«wUm‡K wN‡i †hgb G‡KKwU mf¨Zvi weKvk N‡U‡Q GKBfv‡e GB evsjvI M‡o D‡V‡Q eªþcyÎ I Mv‡½q AeevwnKvq| GB evsjvi K…wl I Rxe cÖK…wZi A‡bK wKQyiB wbf©iZv GB b`-b`x‡K wN‡i| Gw`K †_‡K Avgiv GKmgq A‡bK †ewk Avkxe©v‡ì AwaKvix wQjvg| wKš‘ gvbem„ó I cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y b`-b`xB Avgv‡ì GLb eo `yt‡L cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †nvqvs‡nv‡K Px‡bi `ytL ejv n‡jI GB b‡ì AeevwnKvq M‡o D‡V‡Q ˆPwbK mf¨Zv| Avi A`~i AZx‡Z b`x‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb eë¯’v I K…wl‡K GwM‡q †bqvi Rjš— GK `„óvš— wn‡m‡e ej‡Z n‡e wf‡qZbv‡gi K_v| `yB `k‡Ki K_v| wf‡qZbvg miKvi ivóªxqfv‡e cybM©Vb (hv‡K wf‡qZbvgx fvlvq ejv nq Ô†`vB‡gvBÕ) †h cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i †mLv‡b ywU welq me‡P‡q cÖvavb¨ cvq| cÖavbwUB n‡”Q g¨vKs b`‡K kvmb Kiv, wØZxqwU n‡”Q RbM‡Yi f~wgi AwaKvi cÖ`vb| Rwg hvi dmj Zvi| GKmgq g¨vKs †WjUv wQj wf‡qZbv‡gi `ytL|

b`x| 99

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100| b`x

ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g †`‡ki eû msL¨K kvLv b`x I Lvj¸‡jv‡Z cvwbcÖevn _v‡K bv| b`xi Zj‡`j fivU nevi cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq ¯’vqx Rjve×Zv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e A‡bK ¯’v‡b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q Livi cÖ‡Kvc| mewKQzB GLb K…wl‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb eë¯’vi Rb¨ wech©q n‡q †`Lv w`‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K cÖwZ eQi †`‡ki jvL jvL gvbyl b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi nq| Avev`x Rwg, emZwfUvmn wewfbœ ¯’vcbv P‡j hvq b`x M‡f©| GK wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki 64 †Rjvi 4Õk 96wU Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ 96wUiI †ewk Dc‡Rjv wbqwgZfv‡e b`x fvO‡bi Ke‡j c‡o| el©v †gŠmy‡g b`xi Zxi Qvwc‡q cvwb cÖevwnZ nIqv, Zxi fvOb Ges Zxi †iLvi cwieZ©b GKwU ¯^vfvweK wPÎ| GKmgq GB b`xi fvOb ïay PivÂ‡ji cwZZ Avev`x Rwgi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡jI mg‡qi cwiµgvq GB fvOb GwM‡q Avm‡Q kni Rbc‡ì w`‡K| cÖwZ eQiB †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvi wk¶v cÖwZôvb, evRvi AeKvVv‡gv, †mZz-KvjfvU© P‡j hvq b`xM‡f©| hvi ga¨ w`‡q RbRxeb wecbœ n‡q I‡V| f~wgnxb I ev¯‘nx‡bi msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K, Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY Kg‡Z _v‡K, cÖvwš—K Pvlxiv f~wgi Afv‡e K…wlKvR †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨ nq, GKmg‡qi mvg_© K…lK b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi n‡q K…wlkªwg‡K cwiYZ nIqvi AmsL¨ D`vniY i‡q‡Q G‡`‡k| GgbwK ivRavbxi wbgœ Av‡qi kªwgK, wi·vAjv, †eKvi I ev¯‘nxb Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvskB b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi| el©v †gŠmyg cvi nIqvi ci ciB hLb b`-b`x‡Z e¨vcK fvOb †`Lv †`q, we‡kl K‡i fv ª Avwk¦‡bi cÖwZwU w`bB b`x Zx‡ii †Kvb bv †Kvb Rbc` fvOb KewjZ nq, b`x ZxieZ©x gvbyl¸‡jvi cÖwZwU gyn~Z© Kv‡U `vi”Y msK‡U| GLb KvU‡Q †hgb| cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, wZ¯—v, eªþcyÎ, Kzwkqvivmn meKwU b`-b`xi wewfbœ c‡q‡›U fqven fvO‡b cÖwZw`bB wejxb n‡q hv‡”Q emZwfUv, Avev`x Rwgmn wewfbœ ¯’vcbv| eb¨vq dmj nvwi‡q cªvwš—K K…lK hLb w`‡knviv, wVK Zvi ci ciB b`xi Kivj MÖv‡m †mB Avev`x Rwg UyKzi Aw¯—Z¡I wejxb n‡q hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki b`x Zx‡ii wKsev PivÂ‡ji gvby‡li Rb¨ GwU Awbevh© GK wPÎ| mewKQz wgwj‡q b`x‡Kw› ªK Rxeb eë ’v w`‡bi ci w`b †hfv‡e wech©¯— n‡”Q GKBfv‡e †mPI w`‡bi ci w`b `y®úªvc¨ n‡q DV‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †m‡Pi cvwbi g~j Drm¨ b` b`x| wKš‘ ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq gi”cÖwµqv ïi” nIqvi †cQ‡b Ab¨Zg g~j `vq cvk¦eZ©x †`k fvi‡Zi| Zviv M½v, wZ¯—vmn meKwU Avš—tb`xi gy‡L euva w`‡q Avgv‡ì‡K b¨vh¨ cvwbi wnm¨v †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mgq †_‡K †`‡ki K…wl‡¶‡Z †mP myweav †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi Rb¨ iv‡óªi c¶ †_‡K i‡q‡Q eûgyLx ZrciZv| M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q eû †mP AeKvVv‡gv| †bqv n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ cÖKí| cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i wnmve g‡Z, G ch©š— †`‡k 617wU wU †QvUeo †mP cÖKí I Dc-cÖKí ev —evwqZ n‡q‡Q| eo cÖKí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wZm—v e¨v‡iR, M½v K‡cvZv¶ †mP cÖKí, gynix

b`x| 101

†mP cÖKí, gby b`x †mP cÖKí, b_© evsjv‡`k wWwUWwe−D cÖKí, †gNbv abv‡Mv`v †mP cÖKí, cvebv †mP I MÖv‡gvbœqb cÖKí Ges Puv`cyi †mP cÖKí| GZme cÖKí _vK‡jI †Lv` cÖKí GjvKv‡ZB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g cvwbi Rb¨ nvnvKvi| Avevi †mP cv‡¤úi wn‡m‡ei w`‡K `„wó w`‡jI GK eo cwimsL¨vb Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Av‡m| †ev‡iv †gŠmy‡g †`‡ki 1 †KvwU 20 jvL GKi Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg‡Z 23 jvL 30 nvRvi †mP cv¤ú eëüZ nq| Gi g‡a¨ 1 †KvwU 4 jvL GKi Rwg Pv‡l eëüZ nq 11 jvL 58 nvRvi wW‡RjPvwjZ †mP cv¤ú| evwK 16 jvL GKi Rwg Pv‡l eëüZ nq 10 jvL 80 nvRvi we y rPvwjZ †mP cv¤ú| K_v n‡”Q Gi c‡iI wK †mP-Gi cÖ‡kœ Avgiv ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© ? †gv‡UI bv| †mP wb‡q cÖwZ eQiB ï®‹ †gŠmy‡g G‡m †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvi K…lK‡ì nvnvKvi †Pv‡L c‡o| w`‡b w`‡b †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq cvwbi ¯—i bx‡P †b‡g hv‡”Q| †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq Awg †`LwQ cvwbi —i GZ †ewk bx‡Z †b‡g †M‡Q †h, GLb Avi †mP cv¤ú gvwUi Ic‡i ¯’vcb K‡i cvwbi I‡V bv| Kgc‡¶ 20 †_‡K 30 dzU MZ© K‡i Mfx‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡”Q cv¤ú| AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z cwiw ’wZ †Kv_vq hv‡e Ggb cÖkœ Avi D‡ØM GLb meLv‡b| GKwU mg‡q G‡m miKvi †mP myweav wbwep Ki‡Z wW‡Rj I we y ‡Z fZ©~wK †`qv ïi” K‡i| mviv‡`‡kB hLb we y¨‡Zi NvUwZ, ZLb wKfv‡e †mP cv‡e MªvgvÂ‡ji K…lKiv| GB wZb eQi Av‡MI †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvi MÖv‡g MÖv‡g wM‡q †`Lv hvq w`‡b we`y¨‡Zi †`Lv †bB| iv‡Z wbiew”Qbœ we y r myweavi Avkv wb‡q K…lKiv Zv‡ì †mP cv¤ú Pvjy iv‡L| wKš‘ iv‡ZI †_‡K †_‡K we`y¨r hvq| AMZ¨v K…lK‡ì Aej¤^b n‡q I‡V wW‡RjPvwjZ †mP cv¤ú| wKš‘ wek¦evRv‡i wW‡R‡ji g~j¨ e„w×‡Z avb Avev‡` me‡P‡q eo Li‡Pi RvqMvwU `Lj K‡i †mPLvZ| MZ K‡qK eQi a‡i miKvi †ev‡iv †gŠmy‡g ivRavbxi AvevwmK I evwYwR¨K we y ‡Zi eënvi Kwg‡q MÖv‡g K…lK‡ì Avev`x †¶‡Z †mP myweav wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bq| G Kvh©µ‡gi Ask wn‡m‡e ivRavbxi †`vKvbcvU mÜ¨v 7Uvi g‡a¨ eÜ Kivi †NvlYvI Kiv nq| hv MÖvgvÂ‡j †mP myweav †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z A‡bKUvB BwZevPK f~wgKv iv‡L| wKš‘ GZ wKQyi g‡aÏ G Z_¨ Avgv‡ì fvwe‡q †Zv‡j †h, ïay †m‡Pi Afv‡eB †`‡k nvRvi nvRvi GKi Rwg Abvevw` †_‡K hvq cÖwZ eQi| Avi A‡_©i Afv‡e K…lKiv cwigvYgZ †mP w`‡Z bv cvivq dm‡ji NvUwZ †_‡K hvq Kgc‡¶ 10 jvL Ub| AvMvgxi K…wl Z_v Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi MwZ ^vfvweK ivL‡Z b`xgvZ…K GB evsjv‡`‡k GLb †hme b`xi Aw¯—Z¡ wU‡K Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K i¶v Kivi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| †hme b`xi Zj‡`j fivU n‡q hv‡”Q †m¸‡jv Lb‡bi D‡`¨vMmn bvbvgyLx Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| m‡e©vcwi miKvi cvwbe›Ub cÖ‡kœ fvi‡Zi m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g MwZ m„wó Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eÑ †mB cÖZ¨vkv Kwi|

102| b`x

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b`x| 103

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104| b`x

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b`x| 105

Rvcv‡bi b`b`x msi¶‡Y wkï‡ì f~wgKv cÖexi weKvk miKvi Rvcvwb fvlvq wZbwU K_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q : wgRyAv‡mvwe ev Rjµxov; KvIqvAv‡mvwe ev b`xwenvi Ges KvIqveybKv A_ev b`xms¯‹…wZ| wgRyAv‡mvwe Ges KvIqvAv‡mwe g~jZ GB KvIqveybKviB Aš—M©Z ywU ¸i”Z¡c~Y© ixwZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB G‡`‡k cÖPwjZ| Rvcv‡bi KvIqveybKv ev —weKB ^Zš¿ GK cÖK…wZwbf©i ms¯‹…wZ| b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ i‡q‡Q A‡bK cv_©K¨| we‡kl K‡i b`xwenvi Ges †jŠwKK wkíKjvi w`K w`‡q KvIqveybKv e¨wZµg ej‡ZB n‡e| b`b`x‡K wN‡i Rvcvwb RvwZi MÖvgxY mf¨Zv †hfv‡e DwKB‡qvG ev KvV‡Lv`vB wP‡Î wea„Z n‡q‡Q Zvi Zzjbv Ab¨ †Kvb ms¯‹…wZ‡Z †bB ej‡jB P‡j| GB KvIqveybKvB wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq Ges hy‡×vËi cÖvq wZb `kK ch©š— gvby‡li we¯§„wZi Aš—iv‡j Pvcv c‡owQj m½Z Kvi‡YB| KviY hy‡×i fqvenZvi g‡a¨ b`xRxeb wbivc` wQj bv mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨| Avi hy‡×i ci civwRZ, weaŸ¯— Rvcv‡bi Zxeª A_©‰bwZK msKU Ges 50-Gi `k‡K hš¿mf¨Zvi DÌv‡bi d‡j †`‡ki eû †QvU eo b`b`x I Lvjwej ivmvqwbK e‡R©ï fvMv‡o cwiYZ n‡qwQj| b`x‡Kw›`ªK cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© I cwi‡ek wech© —Zv Ggb Pig ch©v‡q P‡j wM‡qwQj †h, b`xi gvQ, K”Qc, kvgyK, ¸j¥ meB welv³ n‡q D‡VwQj| b`x I Lv‡j wbw¶ß cwiZ¨³ eënvwiK cY¨mvgMÖxi AveR©bvi †bvsiv c`v‡_© fvix n‡q IVv RjcÖev‡ni bvwfk¦vm kix‡iI G‡m jvMZ| Gi cÖgvY 1956 mv‡ji ÔwgbvgvZvwe‡qvIÕ ev ÔwgbvgvZv‡ivMÕ bvgK Rvcvb Kuvcv‡bv fqven GK e¨vwaÑ hvi D™¢e N‡UwQj mvgyyw ªK Ges b`xR‡j wgwkªZ KjKviLvbv †_‡K wbtm„Z ivmvqwbK eR© †_‡K| Avµvš— 52R‡bi g‡a¨ 17 Rb Zr¶Yvr g„Zz eiY K‡iwQ‡jb| 1965 mv‡jI GB †iv‡Mi DcmM© aiv c‡o 26R‡bi g‡a¨ Ges 5Rb gviv hvb| GL‡bv †KD †KD GB †iv‡M fyM‡Qb| †Kv¤úvwb I miKv‡ii wei”‡× ¶wZc~i‡Yi gvgjv P‡jwQj my xN©Kvj| fy³‡fvMxiv iÜbK…Z b`xi gvQ, kvgyK, ¸j¥ †_‡K GB mœvqy‰eKj¨‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡qwQ‡jb| mvivwek¦e¨vcx GB NUbv e¨vcK cÖPvi jvf K‡iwQj| Gi d‡j weiƒc cÖfve †`Lv w`‡qwQj b`xwfwËK grm¨ Ges Af¨š—ixY ch©Ub eëmvi †¶‡Î| Rvcv‡b b`xwfwËK ch©Ub AZxZKvj †_‡KB weL¨vZ| hy‡×i ci †ek wKQy b`x‡Z eo eo euva †èvi d‡j RjcÖevn, eb¨v wbqwš¿Z n‡q‡Q wVKB wKš‘ mvs¯‹…wZK I A_©‡bwZK ¶wZB n‡q‡Q †ewk e‡j ¯’vbxq bvMwiK Ges M‡elK‡ì fvl¨|

106| b`x

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b`x| 107

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108| b`x

Ki‡Z n‡e, msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| GB avivevwnKZvB n‡”Q HwZn¨| ZvB KvIqveybKv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AnsKvi|Õ Ab¨w`‡K b`xmsi¶Y ms¯’v wnmv‡e w`b w`b e„w× †c‡q P‡j‡Q GbwRI, GbwcI, M‡elYv ms¯’v, dvD‡Ûkb Ges bvMwiK wk¶v cÖwZôvb| hv‡ì AwaKvs‡kiB j¶ n‡”Q wkïcÖRb¥‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv| †hgb ABmyKv, †qvwk‡bvMvIqv wgbbv‡bv KvB (†qvwk‡bv b`x me©Rb ms¯’v), IqvUvi †¯‹c KwgwU, wP BwK KvbwK‡qvI †mBKvrmyKv wK‡qvIwMKvB (AvÂwjK cwi‡ek I Rxehvcb cwil`), wPKz‡MvMvIqv gvi”‡Mv‡Zv nvKzeyrmyKvb (wPKz‡Mv b`x m¤ú~Y© Rv`yNi), Aviv b`x A wK‡iB wb myi” KvB (AvivKvIqv b`x we‡kvab ms¯’v), wgRy‡e wKevb wK‡qvIKvB (RjvaviwfwËK mwgwZ), wb‡nvb †bv MvIqv †Zv mvBMvB †KbwKD KvB (Rvcv‡bi b`b`x Ges wech©q M‡elYv ms ’v), Rvcvb IqvUvi †bUIqvK©, †gB myB `vB‡Rb KvB (DËg Rj I gnvcÖK…wZ ms¯’v), mvwiMvIqv A KvbMv‡qi” KvB (mvwi b`x fvebv mwgwZ), AvI‡gvwi †bv MvIqv A AvB myi” KvB (AvI‡gvwiÕi b`x‡cÖg mwgwZ), Kvàv K¬ve (Rj‡Ì K¬ve), rmyi”wgMvIqv wiDBwK †bUIqvK© (rmyi”wg b`x AeevwnKv †bUIqvK©), AvIB BD‡g KvB (bxj ^cœ ms ’v), wn‡bvMvIqv wiDBwK †KvIwiDKvB (wn‡bv b`x AeevwnKv m¤cÖxwZ mwgwZ), wkRyIKv †Kb& wiDBwK †bUIqvK© (wkRyIKv †Rjv AeevwnKv †bUIqvK©), AvivKvIqv wK¬b GBW A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb (Aviv b`x we‡kvab mvnvh¨ mwgwZ), `vB wP A gv‡gvi” KvB (c„w_ex msi¶Y ms¯’v), KvIqv †Zv Dwg †bv KvbwK‡qvI gv‡gvi” KvB (b`x I mvgyw`ªK cwi‡ek msi¶Y ms ’v), wgRy †bv Mv‡°vI (Rj we`¨vjq), Kvgv‡`vMvIqv wk‡Rb II‡KvKz (Kvgv‡`vMvIqv cÖK…wZ ivR¨), wb‡nvb Bqv‡PvI †bv KvB (Rvcvb eb¨cvwL ms¯’v), wb‡nvb †bv wgRy A wK‡iB wb myi” KvB (Rvcv‡bi Rj we‡kvab ms¯’v), AvZvivwkB Kv‡R (bZzb evZvm), G mxW (exR) Rvcvb cÖf„wZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨| GQvov f~wg I †hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b i‡q‡Q GKvwaK ms¯’v| Z‡e me‡P‡q Drmvne¨ÄK welqwU n‡”Q †h, A_©‰bwZK mg„w× _vKvi Kvi‡Y Ges GB mg„w×‡K fwel¨‡Z a‡i ivLvi j‡¶¨ me©ÎB †QvU eo b`b`x, n«`, Rjvkq, cyKzi BZ¨vw`‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o DV‡Q msi¶Y msMVb| GUv‡K GKwU bxie wec−e ejv †h‡Z hvi msev` evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q GL‡bv †cuŠ‡Qwb| we‡k¦i Avi †Kvb †`‡k b`b`x ev Rjm¤úwK©Z AvÂwjK GZ †ewk ms¯’v-mwgwZ-msMVb-dvD‡Ûkb M‡o IVvi K_v Avgv‡ì Rvbv †bB| GBme ms¯’v¸‡jvi m‡½ wbfy©jfv‡e RwoZ Av‡Q ’vbxq †cŠi cÖkvmb, wk¶v cwil` Ges wk¶v cÖwZôvbmg~n| d‡j Gm‡ei PvwjKvkw³ n‡e avivevwnK cÖRb¥ Abyhvqx wkïiv| me©Î meyR m„wói GB cÖeYZvq e‡m †bB eo eo eëmvqx cÖwZôvb| ZvivI GwM‡q Avm‡Q wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì‡K cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© we‡kl K‡i cvnvo I b`x cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœKiY †¯^”Qv‡mevq DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨| G‡¶‡Î wgrmywewk,

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gvi”‡ebx, mvb‡qv, †UvwKI M¨vm †Kv¤úvwb, †UvwKI IqvUvi mvc−vB †Kv¤úvwb we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| me©cÖKvi MYgva¨g, cÖKvkbv ms ’v¸‡jvI wkï‡ì‡K cwi‡ek i¶v, c‡Yï wimvBwK¬s c×wZ, cÖK…wZ-cvnvo-eb-b`x-mgy ª cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLvi wel‡q m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z mwPÎ msev`, cÖwZ‡e`b, A¼bwPÎ, Av‡jvKwP‡Îi A¨vjevg cÖKvk Ki‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, b`xwcÖq wkï‡ì‡K cÖexYiv R‡ov n‡q ej‡Qb, b`xi Mí| GB b`xi Míejv Rvwb bv Avi †Kvb †`‡k Gfv‡e nq wKbv| HwZnëvnx †cvkvK I cÖmvabx‡Z mw¾Z n‡q cÖexYiv ej‡Qb Zv‡ì ˆkke I ˆK‡kv‡i b`b`x‡Z wKfv‡e †Ljvayjv Ges wePiY Ki‡Zb MÖx®§-el©v-†ng‡š—; Kx Kx Drme-cy‡Rv-cve©b AbywôZ n‡Zv NUv K‡i; wK wK gvQ ai‡ZbÑ wKfv‡e ai‡Zb; KwíZ fqvbK RxeRš‘ ÔKvàvÕi f‡q Kx iKg cÖKw¤úZ n‡Zb BZ¨vw` AwfÁZvi K_v wewfbœ A½fw½gv Ges Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g| wkïiv we¯§qfiv †Pv‡L †mBme iƒcK_v †kv‡b! Zviv ï‡b AevK n‡q hvq †h, 25/30 eQi Av‡MI ivRavbx †UvwKI cÖwZeQiB AvivKvIqv, mywg`vMvIqv, G‡`vMvIqv, Kvb`vMvIqv, bvKvMvIqv cÖf„wZ b`b`xi c−ve‡b kniZwj fvmZ| iv —v, AwjMwj‡Z nuvUz cwigvY Rj G‡m cÖ‡ek KiZ| gvbylRb N‡ii Pv‡j D‡V Avkªq wbZ! GUvI wQj b`x‡Kw›`ªK bvMwiK Rxebhvc‡bi GKwU Ask| 70-80Õi `k‡K eb¨v wbqš¿YK‡í b`x¸‡jvi `yB Zxi Kswµ‡Ui †`qvj w`‡q †eu‡a †djv n‡q‡Q| GLb Avi eb¨v nq bv| wKš‘ †mB Dò AvRI ¯§„wZ gy‡Q hvqwb| Rvcv‡bi wewfbœ †Rjvq cÖwZ eQi †bŠ‡KvevBP QvovI HwZnëvnx Rjµxov AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| GB Rjµxovi g‡a¨ wKev-†bv-KvKz‡bvwi LyeB weL¨vZ| weMZ 400 eQi a‡i †UvwKIi †Kv‡Zv Iqv‡W©i wKev kn‡ii dzKvMvIqv b`xi Dci euvkfvmv‡bv g‡Â bvbv ai‡bi kvixwiK Kmir †`Lvb ’vbxq µxovweìv| GB µxovq we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-QvÎxivI ^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡K| cÖexYiv GB †Ljv wk¶v w`‡q _v‡Kb ¯’vbxq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì‡K| Abyiƒc weÁvb wk¶Kiv hš¿cvwZ, ivmvqwbK miÄvgmn QvÎQvÎx‡ì‡K wb‡q AMfxi cvnvwo b`b`xi Rj, gvwU, kvgyK, ¸j¥, Dw™¢`, k¨vIjv, gvQ, e¨vO, mvc, KxUcZ½ Ges AbycÖvYx msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ wbqwgZ †ewi‡q c‡ob| msM„nxZ GBme Dcv`vb b`xi Zx‡i bv nq we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYvMv‡i cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡ib| Kv‡RB wkïeq‡mB QvÎ-QvÎxiv eyS‡Z m¶g nq b`x I ev —e¨we`¨v ev B‡KvjwRi m¤úK© †Kb Acwinvh©! wK Kvi‡Y b`b`x bv _vK‡j cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ jywK‡q _vKv †ivMRxevYy, welv³ c`v_© ‡jv gvbe‡`n‡K µgvMZ Avµvš— KiZÑ b`xi evqycÖevn, KxUcZ½ Ges e„wói R‡j †mme RxevYy ~ixf~Z nq BZ¨vw` Z_¨ Zz‡j a‡ib| b`xi Rj I gvwU KZLvwb KjywlZ n‡”Q, cÖvYx¸‡jvi cÖRbb wVK Av‡Q wKbv wbqwgZ cix¶v K‡i †`Lvb wk¶Kiv| ïay M‡elYvB bq,

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G‡`‡k i‡q‡Q b`xwfwËK A‡bK Drme, †gjv I mgv‡ek, we‡kl K‡i ÔwnbvgvrmywiÕ ev RvZxq ÔKb¨vwèmÕ Drme, Ô†Kv‡`v‡gv †bv wnÕ ev RvZxq ÔevjKwèmÕ Drme, ÔI‡evbÕ Drm‡ei mgq nvbvwe ev AvZmevwR †cvov‡bvi †h e¨qeûj gnvAv‡qvRb nq Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q b`xi Awew”Qbœ m¤ú„³Zv| fviZxq ms¯‹…wZ‡Z b`x I wkïm¤úwK©Z †Kvb Drme Av‡Q e‡j Rvbv †bB| Ô†Kv‡`v‡gv †bv wnÕi cÖZxK wméKvc‡o ˆZwi †KvBgvQ AvK…wZi eo eo †Lvj hv‡K e‡j Ô†KvB †bv‡evwiÕ G‡`‡k evZv‡m Do‡Z †`‡L Kwe iex› ªbv_ VvKzi wew¯§Z n‡qwQ‡jb! G¸‡jv ˆZwii GK wekvj MÖvgxY ms¯‹…wZ M‡o D‡V‡Q cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K Aek¨B b`x‡K †K›`ª K‡i| wmé Kvc‡o gvQ Aw¼Z GB †Lvj b`xi ^”QR‡j ay‡q †djvUvB ixwZ| Zvici b`xi R‡j, Zx‡i, gv‡V-gq`v‡b, M„‡ni

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112| b`x

k¨vIjv, RjR Dw™¢ MwR‡q DV‡Q| cÖRvcwZ, KxUcZ½ GgbwK †RvbvwKI wd‡i Avm‡Q| †hgb †UvwKIi A ~‡i Aew ’Z ZvgvMvIqv b`x| K‡qK eQi Av‡MI GB b`x wQj G‡Kev‡iB †bvsiv, ~wlZ, yM©Ügq| weL¨vZ †KB‡qv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GK Aa¨vc‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-QvÎx Ges ’vbxq Awaevmxiv wg‡j `xN© mgq jvwM‡q wecyj cwigvY gqjv-AveR©bv cwi®‹vi K‡i b`xwU‡K Zvi c~e©Rxeb wdwi‡q w`‡q‡Q e‡jB AvR‡K b`xwenv‡ii Dchy³ n‡q D‡V‡Q| G iKg cÖK…wZ‡cÖgx wk¶K GLb cÖPzi AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Qb| MVb Ki‡Qb QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì wb‡q cwi‡ek ms ’v| BwZg‡a¨ †ek K‡qKRb cwi‡ekev`x Kgx© Zuv‡ì PgrKvi Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ gvby‡li ^xK…wZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb, Zuv‡ì K‡qKRb n‡jb, cwi‡ekev`x KvRyB‡qvwk dzwRZv, mgvR‡mweKv Gwg‡Kv myRywK, cÖK…wZ‡cÖgx †ZvwkI dzwR‡gv‡Zv, †jwLKv †bvwi‡Kv Kv‡ZvI, cwi‡ekwelqK †jLK I mvsevw`K bvKv‡gv‡Zv †Kb&, Avš—R©vwZK cwi‡ek Kg©x I ce©Zv‡ivnx †bv¸wP †Kb&, cwi‡ekKgx© BgvB wgrmyi”, Avš—R©vwZK m½xZÁ wiDBwP mvKv‡gv‡Zv cÖgyL| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvob Zz‡j‡Qb L¨vwZgvb A¨vjwcwb÷ †bv¸wP †Kb, whwb wngvjq‡K cwiï× Kivi cÖKí wb‡q KvR Kiv QvovI m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡k wM‡qwQ‡jb cwi‡ek`~lY ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Rb¨| cyi‡bv XvKvi w`‡K b`xi `~lY †`‡L e¨w_Z n‡q‡Qb| wZwb Rvcv‡bi me©Î KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb cwi‡ek i¶v, we‡kl K‡i cvnvo I b`xi gqjv-AveR©bv cwi®‹vi K‡i wbfuvR wb®‹jyl meyR m„wói j‡¶¨| ejv wb®cÖ‡qvRb Zuvi Kgx©evwnbx Avi †KD bq, wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎ-QvÎxivB| G iKg cwikªgx cÖK…wZ‡cÖgx MwZkxj cwi‡ek Kgx© †bv¸wPi R‡b¥i w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡Q †hb evsjv‡`k! †gvÏvK_v, Rvcv‡b b`xfvebv GLb Avi ïaygvÎ `vwqZ¡kxj eq¯‹mgv‡Ri Rb¨B ïay mxgve× bq, wkïcÖRb¥ Z_v we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ-QvÎxivI b`xwPš—v, b`xms¯‹…wZ‡K Rvbv, msi¶YK‡í µgk AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡Q| Rvcvwb wkï‡ì KvQ †_‡K ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki wkïivI DrmvwnZ n‡Z cv‡i wb‡R‡ì b`xgvZ…K cwiwPwZ‡K Dcjw× Ki‡Z hv GLb wejyß nIqvi c‡_ ej‡j Kx AwZwi³ ejv n‡e? cÖexi weKvk miKvi : Rvcvb cÖevmx †jLK, M‡elK

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bvi` : cÖvq wejyß GKwU b‡ì BwZK_v gvneye wmwÏKx e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji cÖavb b`x n‡”Q c„w_ex L¨vZ c½v ev cÙv| Gi Ab¨ bvg n‡”Q cÙveZx, Gi cÖvPxb bvg bwjbx| evsjv‡`‡k GB b`x AeevwnKvi AvqZb me‡P‡q †ewk| cÙv b`xi kvLv b`x¸‡jv n‡jv ˆfie, wkqvjgvwi, Rj½x, gv_vfvOv, eovj, evivwn, îg½jv, bvi`, Kgjv, †MŠix ev MovB, Avwoqvj Luv, BQvgwZ (cvebv) P›`bv BZ¨vw`| cÙvi cÖkvLv b`x¸‡jv n‡”Q gymv Luv, b›`KzRv, Kzgvi, K‡cvZv¶, KvjxM½v, †eMeZx, WvKzqv, eywoMovB, eyoxkvj, AvVv‡iveuvKx, wPÎv, beM½v BZ¨vw`| cÙvi GKgvÎ Dcb`xi bvg gnvb›`v| M½v ev cÙv-†Kw› ªK GB wekvj AeevwnKvi kvLv b`x I cÖkvLv b`b`x¸‡jvi AwaKvskB AvR g„Z| G‡ì g‡a¨ †ek K‡qKwU b`xi Aw —Z¡ wejxb n‡q‡Q ev cÖvq wejxb n‡Z P‡j‡Q| †h¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q bvi`, evivnx, ¯îg½jv, Kgjv, KvjxM½v, wkqvjgvix (gywk© vev` fviZ)| Mfxi fv‡e j¶ Kiv †M‡Q, MZ 40/50 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡k †h mKj gvbwPÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ wejyß ev cÖvq wejyß b`x mg~‡ni †Kvb D‡j−L †bB| ivRkvnx kn‡ii cyivZb bvg ivgcyi †evqvwjqv| GB kni cÙv ZxieZ©x| cÙv †_‡K `ywU †QvU kvLv b`x ivRkvnx kn‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q AuvKveuvKv c‡_ †ewi‡q †M‡Q| hvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q evivnx Avi AciwU n‡jv îg½jv| GB `ywU b`xi cyivZb †iLv ivRkvnx kni Ges kn‡ii evB‡i GL‡bv i‡q‡Q| A_P MZ 100 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †h gvbwPÎ¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ GB `ywU b`xi †Kvb D‡j−L †bB| Avgv‡ì Av‡jvP¨ bvi` b‡ì Ae ’vI GKB iƒc| weMZ 90 eQ‡i G‡`‡k †h mKj gvbwPÎ¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bvi` b‡ì †Kvb D‡j−L †bB| 1914-17 mv‡j KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ `ywU gvbwP‡Î bvi` b‡ì D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| A_P bvi‡ì AZxZ wKš‘ Giƒc wQj bv| bvi` evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU cÖvPxbZg b`| GB b` Zvi c~e©KxwZ©i Rb¨ mgwngvq BwZnv‡m D¾¡j n‡q i‡q‡Q| e‡½ gyNj, bIqvex I B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Avg‡j GB b‡ì yB Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj ivRkvnx cÖ‡`‡ki (bIqvex Avg‡j ivRkvnx‡K ivR¨ ev cÖ‡`k ejv n‡Zv Ges ivRkvnx wQj me©e„nr cÖ‡`k) ivRv, Rwg`vi Avgjv, eëmvqx‡ì `vjvb-†KvVv Ges my›ì I g‡bvgy»Ki evM evwMPv| GB b‡ì ZxieZx© cywVqv Ges bv‡Uvi †_‡KB ivRkvnx bvgK cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKvh© wbqwš¿Z n‡Zv| bvi‡ì c‡_B gywk©`vev‡ì bIqve †KvlvMv‡i j¶ j¶ UvKv †cÖwiZ n‡Zv| bIqvex †dŠR, ivRKg©Pvix, eëmvqx, ivRv gnvivRv Giv mK‡jB †m mgq gywk© vev` †_‡K fvwMi_x †e‡q cÙv Ges bvi` n‡q Pjb we‡ji ga¨ w`‡q RvdiMÄ Zvici XvKvq †cuŠ‡Q †h‡Zb| c‡_ cywVqv, bv‡Uvi, Pvwcjv (gyNj

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Avg‡j ivRkvnxi cÖkvmwbK †K›`ª) Ges muvZz‡ji g‡Zv †m Avg‡ji weL¨vZ kni Ges e›`‡ii Ae¯’vb wQj GB b‡ì Av‡kcv‡k| ZLbKvi bIqvex I †Kv¤úvwb Avg‡ji ivRkvnx iv‡Rï cÖkvmwbK Kg©KvÊ, eëmv-evwYR¨ mn hvZvqvZ eë ’vq bvi‡ì f~wgKv wQj Acwimxg| GB b‡ì gva¨‡gB ZLbKvi gywk©`vev`, ivRgnj (AvKei bMi) cvUbv, KwjKvZv, XvKv Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi my›ì †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v Kv‡qg wQj| Pjb we‡ji g‡a¨ PvU‡gvni Dc‡Rjvaxb nvwÛqvj GKwU mg„× cÖvPxb e›ì wQj| Ki‡Zvqv b`x Zx‡ii (Ki‡Zvqv cvebv Ask) GB e›ìwU †gvNj Avgj Ges B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb Avg‡j †ikg, Zzjv I myZvi eo eëmv †K›`ª wQj| †m mgq mgMÖ fvi‡Zi Drcbœ †ik‡gi †ewki fvM GB e›`‡i cvIqv †hZ| GLvb †_‡KB Bsj¨vÛ Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k G¸‡jv ißvbxi Rb¨ ûMjx e›`‡i †hZ †`‡ki c~e©vÂj †_‡K AwaKvsk gvjvgvj ûMjx e›`‡i †cuŠQvevi mnR c_ wQj bvi` b`| bvi‡ì Zx‡i †ek K‡qKwU †ikg I bxj KzwV wQj| †m Avg‡j Ij›`vR I divmx eëmvqxiv bv‡Uvi †_‡K gvjvgvj wK‡b bvi` b`x n‡q ivgcyi †evqvwjqv †h‡Zb| GB Dcgnv‡`‡k BwZnvm L¨vZ e¨w³M‡Yi g‡a¨ †kikvn, gvbwmsn, Bmjvg Luv, wgR©v bv_vb Giv mK‡jB Zv‡ì ibZix fvwm‡q †mªvZw¯^bx bvi‡ì eyK w`‡q wbR wbR Mš—‡e¨ wM‡q‡Qb| bvi‡ì eY©bv BwZnvmwe`MYB ïay †`bwb; b`x M‡elK, miKvwi Avgjv,ch©UK mK‡jB Zuv‡ì eB cy¯—‡K GB b‡ì Drm, MwZc_, cÖevn BZ¨vwì eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| G wel‡q cÖ_g eY©bv cvIqv hv‡”Q wPbmyivi (PuyPuyov) Ij›`vR Mfb©i db †Wb eª”‡Ki (1660) cÖYxZ gvbwP‡Î (b·v)| wZwb cÙvi `xN© cÖev‡ni c_ dwi`cyi evLiMÄ n‡q `w¶Y kvnevRcyi †`wL‡q‡Qb| GKB b·vq cÖvPxbZi AviI GKwU c‡_i (cÙvi cÖevn) Bw½Z i‡q‡Q| GwU n‡”Q ivgcyi †evqvwjqvi cvk w`‡q Pjb we‡ji wfZi w`‡q a‡jk¦ixi LvZ †e‡q XvKvi cvk w`‡q †gNbvÑ AZtci mgy ª| XvKvi cvk w`‡q †h Lv‡Zi wPÎ i‡q‡Q †mwU eywoM½v| GB eywoM½vB cÖvPxb cÙv M½vi LvZ| GLv‡b GKwU welq ¯úó, ivgcyi †evqvwjqv (eZ©gvb ivRkvnx kni) cvk w`‡q Pjb we‡ji †fZ‡i hvevi c_wUB n‡”Q bvi` b`| cÂ`k I †lvok kZ‡K gnvb›`v b`x ivRkvnx kn‡ii cvk w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡Zv| g~j cÙv ZLb 12/15 gvBj `w¶‡Y| gnvb›`v I cÙvi wgjb n‡Zv mvi`vi KvQvKvwQ| db‡Wb eª”‡Ki b·vq †mwUB cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q| Gi ciciB †gRi †Rgm †i‡b‡ji gvbwPÎ| †mwU‡ZI gnvb›`v-cÙvi mw¤§wjZ cÖevn cywVqv-bv‡Uvi QvBfvOvi wej (eZ©gvb bv‡Uvi kn‡ii GKvsk), Pvwcjv (ivRkvnx AÂ‡j gyNj‡ì cÖkvmwbK ivRavbx, eZ©gv‡b ¸i”`vmcyi _vbvi Aš—M©Z), Pjb wej, wej Kzi”wjqv, wej eKix, wej w`K&wm, eowej, Kvwjqv‰Ki cÖf„wZ ¯’vb w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q XvKvi RvdiM‡Äi w`‡K avweZ wQj| m‡›`n †bB GB cÖevnwU cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq bvi‡ì ga¨ w`‡qB AwZµg K‡i‡Q|

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AvR †_‡K cÖvq 100 ermi c~‡e© ivRkvnxi Kv‡j±i Gj.Gm.Gm. IÕ†gjx (1912-1916) †gRi †Rgm †i‡bj cÖYxZ Account of the Ganges and Burrampooter River (1781) Gi D×„wZ w`‡q ej‡Qb cÙv/gnvb›`v wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GK mgq GB wgwjZ †mªvZ ivgcyi †evqvwjqvi 8 gvBj c~e© w`K w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q cywVqv-bv‡Uvi n‡q cieZx©‡Z eovj b`xi cÖevn‡K GKwÎZ K‡i cvebvi ga¨ w`‡q RvdiM‡Äi w`‡K avweZ n‡q‡Q| GB cÖevnwUB wQj bvi‡ì| WvewjD, GBP. †bjmb, †m‡Uj‡g›U Awdmvi, ivRkvnx KZ…©K cÖYxZ Final report on the survey and settlement operations in the District of Rajshahi, 1912-1922 bvgK cy ‘‡K GKwU ¸i”Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| G mg‡q ivRkvnxi f~wg Rwic Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©vMY †gRi †Rgm †i‡b‡ji g¨v‡ci (1769-71) mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì AswKZ g¨v‡ci Zzjbvg~jK we‡k−lY K‡i †`L‡Z cvb †h, †m mg‡q bvi` ivgcyi †evqvwjqvi wbKU ’ cÙv b`x †_‡K wbM©Z n‡q‡Q| Gici mivmwi Gi cÖevn c_ bv‡Uv‡i wM‡q wg‡k‡Q| gvS c‡_ cywVqvi Ab¨ †Kvb b`xi cÖevn Øviv evavMÖ — nqwb| GKB mg‡qi Rwi‡c (1912-22) GB b`xi eY©bvq Rvbv hv‡”Q bvi` GK mg‡q Lye bvg Wv‡Ki b` wQj| eZ©gv‡b GwU g„Z cÖevn| Gi cÖevn wPwýZ Kiv hvq Gi Drm ivgcyi †evqvwjqvi cÙv b`x n‡Z| cywVqv AwZµg Kivi ci bv‡Uv‡i AviI †ewk cwi`„ó nq KviY †mLv‡b mviv eQiB cvwb _v‡K| GB Rwi‡c cywVqvi Kv‡Q gymv Luvb b`x‡K artificial channel wnmv‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| gymv Luvb b`x bvi‡ì cyivZb LvZ‡K Wvb †KvYvq †i‡L AwZµg K‡i DËigyLx n‡q‡Q| GB Rwi‡ci cÖvq GKkZ evBk eQi Av‡Mi K_v| 1801 mvj| wgt MvwW©bvi (Mr. Gardiner) ZLb ivRkvnxi Kv‡j±i (†nW‡KvqvU©vi bv‡Uv‡i)| ivRkvnx AÂ‡ji hvZvqvZ-eë¯’vi DbœwZK‡í wZwb miKvi‡K †h †h wel‡qi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡iwQ‡jb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQjÑ gvjwÂ †_‡K †evqvwjqvi iv¯—vq weªR ˆZwi, bv‡Uvi kn‡i bv‡iv` b‡ì Dci weªR ˆZwi| mviv eQi bvi` b‡ì mv‡_ eovj b`xi †hvMv‡hvM Ges eo eo gvjevnx Rjhvb hv‡Z K‡i GB c‡_ Avm‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ aivBj (bv‡Uvi Rwg`vi‡ì KvPvix evwo Ges b`x e›ì) evRv‡ii mwbœK‡U bvi` b`‡K Mfxi Kivi Rb¨ civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb bvi‡ì mv‡_ cÙvi mnR †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b cybtLb‡bi Dc‡iI †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, hw` GB b`xc‡_ c~‡e©i g‡Zv fvj cÖevn _v‡K Z‡e eëmv evwY‡R¨ bv‡Uvi AZ¨š— jvfevb n‡e| †Kv¤úvwbi KzwV mg~n mn evwY‡Rï we‡kl DcKvi n‡e| G mKj Z_¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cviwQ, bvi` cÙv †_‡K wbM©Z n‡q Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g cv` ch©š— †gvUvgywU wbS©ÅvU wQj| Gi Av‡Mi GKwU Z_¨ GLv‡b we‡kl ¸i”Z¡c~Y© †mwU n‡”Q 1765 mv‡j jW© K¬vBf evwl©K 26 j¶ UvKv

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ivR ^ av‡h© w`j−xi ev`kvn kvn Avj‡gi wbKU †_‡K evsjv wenvi I Dwol¨vi †Ìqvwb jvf K‡ib| ivR ^ Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î †m mg‡q ivgcyi †evqvwjqv‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi †Kvb nvZ wQj bv| 1793 mv‡j wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯—i ci †_‡KB ivR ^ Av`vq I kvmb msµvš— e¨vcv‡i B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb bv‡Uv‡i †nW †KvqvU©vi ¯’vcb K‡i| Avi Gfv‡eB 1793 †_‡K 1824 mvj ch©š— †Kv¤úvwbi †jvKRb KwjKvZv †_‡K ûMjx b`x †e‡q gywk© vev`, cvMjv ev ˆfie n‡q cÙv wK¤^v fMevb‡Mvjvq G‡m cÙvi †mªv‡Z wgwjZ n‡Zv| Gici cÙv cvo n‡q bvi‡` cÖ‡ek Ges cywVqv cvi n‡q bv‡Uvi| Gfv‡eB GB K‡qKwU eQi †Kv¤úvwbi †jvKRb gywk© vev` †_‡K bv‡Uv‡i Avmv hvIqv KiZ †mªvZw ^bx bvi` w`‡q| Gici G‡jv bvi‡ì gnv`y‡h©vM| 1821 mv‡j cÙv b`x c −vweZ n‡j bvi` b‡` cÖPÊ RjùxwZ N‡U| bv‡Uvi kni mn cvk¦©eZx© AÂj e¨vcKfv‡e RjgMœ nq| G Ae¯’vq A‡bK w`b bv‡Uvi kni RjgMœ _v‡K| †m mgq bv‡Uvi I mwbœwnZ AÂ‡ji eû gvbyl Mv‡Qi Wv‡j I euv‡ki gvPvq Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ nb| eb¨vi cvwb †b‡g hvevi ci bv‡Uvi kn‡ii me©ÎB e¨vcK aŸs‡mi wPý cÖKU n‡q D‡V| GB eb¨vi d‡j me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K GKwU ¶wZ n‡jv| cÙv †_‡K bvi‡ì Drm gyL —‚cxK…Z evjyKvivwk Øviv cÖvq eÜ n‡q †Mj| Li‡mªvZv bvi` Avi iBj bv| Gi cÖevn fxlY fv‡e evavcÖvß nj| G‡K †Zv bv‡Uvi AÂj wbgœf~wg| cÙv †_‡K bvi` evwnZ h‡_ó †mªv‡Zi cÖevn bv †c‡q, bv‡Uvi kn‡i eb¨vq R‡g _vKv `~wlZ cvwb cwic~Y©fv‡e wb®‹vkb m¤¢e n‡jv bv| Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B bv‡Uvi kni A¯^v¯’¨Ki n‡q DVj| bMievmx g¨v‡jwiqv mn bvbviƒc †c‡Ui cxovq Avµvš— n‡jb| Gfv‡eB ZLbKvi kvmK †kªYx wm×vš— wb‡q ivRkvnx †Rjvi mì `ßi bv‡Uvi †_‡K ivRkvnx‡Z ¯’vbvš—i (1825) Ki‡jb| GB cÖwµqv 1821 †_‡K ïi” n‡q 1825 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m m¤úbœ n‡jv| GKwU cÖevngvb †mªvZw¯^bx b`xi Gfv‡eB Acg„Zz¨ NUj| wZ‡j wZ‡j M‡o IVv GKwU kni bv‡Uvi Zvi †RŠjym I gh©v`v nvwi‡q AÜKv‡ii MnŸ‡i wbw¶ß n‡jv| bv‡iv` b‡ì cÖevn cywVqvq G‡m wØ-LwÊZ n‡jv †mªvZnxb nevi Kvi‡Y| cÙvi cÖavb kvLv eovj b`x †_‡K †ewo‡q Avmv gymv Luvb b`x ZLb cÖevngvb| 1838 mv‡ji eb¨vq GB b`x fxlY AvKvi aviY K‡i Ges bvi‡ì giv †mªvZ (cÖ_g aviv) cÙv †_‡K G‡m cywVqvi Kv‡Q gyQv Lv‡b cwZZ n‡Z ïi” n‡jv| gymv Lvb †_‡K Avi GKwU bvi‡ì aviv †ewo‡q †mvRv c~e©gyLx n‡q bv‡Uvi kn‡i cÖ‡ek Kij| wØZxq avivwUi cÖevn wQj Ges eQ‡ii †ewki fvM mgq †bfx‡Mej _vKZ| 1876 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ DBwjqvg Dnjmb nv›Uvi KZ…©K cÖYxZ Statistical account of the district of Rajshahi bvgK MÖ‡š’ bvi` b‡ì eY©bvq Dc‡ii K_v¸‡jvB ejv Av‡Q| Z‡e †mLv‡b Avi GKwU ¸i”Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| Z_¨wU bvi‡ì Z…Zxq aviv m¤úwK©Z| K_vwU Gfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| “After

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passing Natore, it (Narad) receives a tributary from the south, also called the Narad an off shoot of Nandakuja.” A_©vr bvi` b‡ì Z…Zxq avivi K_vwUB wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g fv‡M (1821) cÙv eb¨vq bvi‡ì Drm gy‡L evwj I cwj R‡g bvi` †mªvZnxb n‡q hvq| hvi d‡j bvi` b‡ì `ywU avivi m„wó n‡jv| GKB fv‡e eovj b`xi Drm gy‡L (mvi`v †_‡K GK gvBj fvwU‡Z) Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡Ki eb¨vi d‡j cÙvi evwj I cwj Øviv †ewóZ n‡q hvq| G‡Z K‡i eovj b`xi ^vfvweK cÖevn `vi”Y fv‡e wewNœZ n‡jv| djkÖ”wZ‡Z eov‡ji kvLv b›`KzRv †_‡K †ewo‡q Avmv eov‡ji A_©vr bvi` b‡ì Z…Zxq avivi †mªvZ ev cÖev‡ni ^vfvweK MwZ Avi iBj bv| µ‡g µ‡g †mwUI g„Z b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z _vKj| Gfv‡eB AwZ`ª”Z mg‡qi g‡a¨B bvi‡ì cÖ_g cÖevn Ges Z…Zxq cÖevn g„Zz i c‡_ GwM‡q †Mj| ivRkvnx †ij †÷kb †_‡K bv‡UviMvgx RvZxq gnvmoK a‡i 9 wK‡jvwgUvi c~e© w`‡K hvevi ci KuvUvLvwj †Ìqvbcvovi †gvo| †mLvb †_‡K 3 wK‡jvwgUvi Clr `w¶Y-c~e© w`‡K kvncyi cwðg cvov| G‡Kev‡i cÙvi g~j †mªvZ eB‡Q| cvwb Dbœqb †evW© †_‡K cvKv euva Kiv| b`xi cvo euvav‡bv| GKwU myBP †MU i‡q‡Q| b`xi Drm eySevi Dcvq †bB| GLvb †_‡K `ywU KvUvLvj †ewo‡q †M‡Q| GKwU mv‡qÝ j¨ve‡iUwii cvk w`‡q wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c~e© mxgvbvq| AciwU †ej cyKzi n‡q nwiqvb| GB `ywU KvUv Lv‡ji gvS eivei bvi‡ì Dr‡mi wPý cwi®‹vi| †gvUvgywU 12 †_‡K 15 MR cÖ ’ wb‡q b`xi g‡ZvB euvK wb‡q‡Q| kvncyi, k¨vgcyi bMicvov Ges k¨vgcyi †Mvqvjcvov ch©š— wbR Aw —‡Z¡i wPý †i‡L GwM‡q †M‡Q| Av‡k cv‡ki Avevw` Rwg †_‡K Aš—Z 2 dzU bx‡P bvi‡ì Ae¯’vb| b`xi †iLv cwi®‹vi| bvi‡` KjvB, cUj BZ¨vw` dm‡ji Avev` n‡”Q| Gi ci b`x `Lj n‡q †M‡Q| †Kv_vI iv —v †Kv_vI ev cvKv Nievwo| GB fv‡e KuvUvLvwj evRvi, Kvcvwmqv evRvi, ev‡bk¦i nvU‡K cv‡k¦© †i‡L KL‡bv `w¶Y gyLx KL‡bv c~e©gyLx n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e Drm †_‡K cÖvq 28 wK‡jvwgUvi hvevi ci cywVqv ivRevwo‡K †ò wK‡jvwgUvi DËi w`‡K †i‡L mi” GKwU Lv‡ji iƒc wb‡q cÖvq 2 wK‡jvwgUvi c~e©Mvgx n‡q‡Q| Gici cxiMvQv MÖv‡gi cÖvPxb eUZjv msjMœ kk¥vb Nv‡Ui 30 MR `w¶‡Y G‡m gymv Lvb b`x‡Z wg‡k‡Q| bvi‡ì cÖ_g avivwU wKš‘ †mªvZ ev cvwb wb‡q gymv Lvb b`x‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iwb| nq‡Zv fiv el©vq mvgvb¨ cvwb Avm‡jI Avm‡Z cv‡i| ¯’vbwU b`xi PZzg©yL| gymv Lvb b`xi Dci GKwU †QvU cvKv weªR i‡q‡Q| bvi‡ì cÖ_g avivwU †hLv‡b gymvLvb b`x‡Z c‡o‡Q wVK Zvi Aci cv‡oB bvi‡ì wØZxq avivwU †ewo‡q †M‡Q| GB b`x msM‡gi cvk¦©eZx© MÖvg¸‡jv n‡”Q cxiMvQv, cvBKcvov (kvncvov) Ges Rqivgcyi| bvi‡ì cÖ_g avivwU‡K ¯’vbxq A‡bK †jvKRb b`x e‡j wek¦vmB Ki‡Z Pvbwb| cÖvPxb K‡qKRb e¨w³

118| b`x

Aek¨ GwU‡K bvi` e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| GKB ¯’vb †_‡K bvi‡ì wØZxq kvLvwU †ewo‡q‡Q| GB kvLvwU B`vwbs cybtLbb Kiv n‡q‡Q| MfxiZv cÖvq 16 dzU| cÖk¯— Aš—Z 30 †_‡K 40 dzU| avivwU c~e©Mvgx| Gi DË‡i cvBKcvov Ges `w¶‡Y Rqivgcyi| `ywU MÖvgB bv‡Uvi _vbvaxb| cxiMvQv cywVqv _vbvi g‡a¨| wØZxq avivwU AvcvZZ (Ryb gvm) cvwb †bB| GwU bv‡Uvi kn‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡M Kvdzwiqv, Puv`cyi, Kzwoqvcvov, GKWvjv †b½woqv, †Zevwoqv BZ¨vw` ew×©òz MÖvg I M‡Äi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| G mKj MÖv‡g bvi‡ì avivwU 50/60 eQi Av‡MI cÖevngvb wQj e‡j elx©qvb e¨w³iv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| MZ K‡qK gvm hveZ bv‡Uvi kni †_‡K GwUi cybtLbb ïi” n‡q‡Q| kn‡ii †Kv_vI †Kv_vI b`x‡Z 2 †_‡K 3 dzU cvwb j¶ Kiv †M‡Q (RyjvB‡qi/2010 cÖ_g mßv‡n)| kn‡i b`xi MfxiZv cÖvq 20 dzU, cÖk¯— 60 †_‡K 70 dzU| bv‡Uvi kni AwZµg K‡i AuvKveuvKv c‡_ bvi` cÖ_‡g `Ë cvovq cÖ‡ek K‡i| RvZxq gnvmoK †cwo‡q bvi` b` Zvi `yB Zx‡i †gvKivgcyi, wkecyi, †MvKzjbMi, †Lvjvevoxqv, jvjgwbcyi, Wv½vcvov, w`qvicvov, aivBj, Avjvw`, Zvivcyi, gvwU‡Kvcv, wSbvcvov, ¸bvBLvov, kvwjKv; k¨vgcyi Kvjxevox GB MÖvg¸‡jvi gvS w`‡q b›`KzRvq wM‡q wg‡j‡Q| GB MÖvg¸‡jvi g‡a¨ aivBj I ¸bvBLvov MÖvg `ywU AZ¨š— ew×©òz| evsjv‡`k ^vaxb nevi c‡iI K‡qK eQi `Ëcvov †_‡K jÂ mvwf©m Pvjy wQj| †QvU AvKv‡ii jÂ `Ëcvov †_‡K †Q‡o bvi` n‡q Pjb we‡ji g‡a¨ hvZvqvZ KiZ| kvwjKv gÊj cvov †_‡K bvi` `w¶Y w`‡K euvK wb‡q 1 wK‡jvwgUvi †cwo‡q k¨vgcyi Kvwjevox‡Z b›`KzRvq c‡o‡Q| GB 1 wK‡jvwgUvi c_wUi MfxiZv K‡g Avmvq Ges c_wU euvKv nevi Kvi‡Y 1980 mv‡j mivmwi c~e©gyL K‡i 1 wK‡jvwgUvi Rjc_ bZzb fv‡e Lbb Kiv nq| bZzb GB †mvRv †bŠ c_wU kvwjKv MÖv‡g G‡m b›`KzRvq wg‡k‡Q| ¯’vbwUi bvg dwKibxi NvU| k¨vgcyi Kvjxevoxi Nv‡Ui gyL GLb eÜ| gv‡S gv‡S euva w`‡q gv‡Qi Pvl n‡”Q| kvwjKv gÊjcvovi dqRvi †k‡Li evoxi gy‡L cyivZb LvZ eÜ K‡i 1980 mv‡j †mvRv c~e© w`‡K b`x †K‡U eZ©gvb cÖevn m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| `Ëcvov †_‡K kvwjKv ch©š— GB b`xc‡_i `~iZ¡ 15 wK‡jvwgUvi| bvi‡ì wØZxq avivwU ˆ`‡N© cÖvq 35 wK‡jvwgUvi| bvi‡ì Z…Zxq avivwUi eY©bv eB cy —‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e D‡j−L bv _vK‡jI mvgvb¨ m~Î Wvwe−D, Wvwe−D nv›Uvi cÖYxZ Statistical accounts of the District of Rajshahi 1876, bvgK cy¯—‡K cvIqv †M‡Q| †mB m~Î a‡i †LuvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z bvi‡ì Z…Zxq avivi Drm cvIqv †Mj b›`KzRv b`xi cwðg cv‡oi AvUNwoqv MÖv‡g| GwU bv‡Uv‡ii eovBMÖvg _vbvi Aš—M©Z| GB ’vbwUi 1 wK‡jvwgUvi `w¶‡Y b›`KzRv bvgK MÖv‡g (_vbv evMvwZcvov) eovj b`x †_‡K Gi kvLv b›`KzRv b`x †ewo‡q DËi gyLx n‡q‡Q| eovj †mªvZnxb Aenvq c~e©gyLx| GB ’vb †_‡K cÖvq GK nvRvi MR DË‡i b›`KzRvi Dc‡i −yBm †MU| ¯’vbwU

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AvUNwoqv MÖv‡g| GB −yBm †MU †_‡K Abygvb 200/250 MR DËi cwðg w`‡K b›`KzRv b`x †_‡K bvi‡ì Z…Zxq avivwU †ei n‡q‡Q| bvi‡ì Drm gy‡Li wVK `w¶Y cwð‡g GKwU bxj KzwVi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj| KzwVi cyi” †`qv‡ji fxZ j¶ Kiv †M‡Q| GLv‡bI evwoNi K‡i †jvKRb emevm Ki‡Q| GB bxj KzwVwUi bvg b›`KzRv bxj KzwV| 1859 mv‡j cÖRv we‡ ªv‡ni Kvi‡Y ivRkvnx †Rjvi 24wU bxj KzwV Avµvš— n‡qwQj| hvi g‡a¨ b›`KzRv bxj KzwV Ab¨Zg| GB KzwVi mv‡ne‡K we‡`ªvnx cÖRviv RevB K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j GwU RevB Kiv bxj KzwV bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gikv` Avjx cÖvgvwYK (65), wcZv g„Z Gidvb Avjx cÖvgvwYK mvs P› ªLBi bI`v cvov _vbv evMvwZcvov †Rjv bv‡Uvi Gi evwoi cwð‡g 100 MR `~i †_‡K bvi‡ì wPý eZ©gvb| †mLvb †_‡K GB b` †QvULv‡ji iƒc wb‡q WygivB, †kLcvov KuvVvjevoxqv| †mLvb †_‡K †QvU b`xi iƒc wb‡q eoevoxqv, Beªvwngcyi, j²xcyi, nqeZcyi, †Lvjvevoxqv, AR©bcyi, cvo‡Lvjvevoxqv, †evjvKvw›` n‡q cvb‡gvKv‡g wM‡q bvi‡ì wØZxq kvLvq wg‡k‡Q| cvb‡gvKvg evRviwU †Lvjvevoxqv, †MvKzjbMi Ges jvjgwbcyi GB wZbwU †gŠRvi gv‡S| bv‡Uvi mì Dc‡Rjvaxb| ¯’vbxq cÖexY †jvKRb Zv‡ì wcZv wcZvg‡ni Kv‡Q ï‡b‡Qb, bvi‡ì Z…Zxq avivq GK mgq 500 †_‡K nvRvi g‡Yi †bŠKv hvZvqvZ KiZ| cvb‡gvKvg †_‡K DRv‡b eoevoxqv ch©š— GB b‡ì MfxiZv GLbI M‡o 15 dzU| cÖk¯— 80/90 dzU ch©š— †`Lv †M‡Q| cvb‡gvKv‡gi wØZxq bvi‡` cwZZ nevi 1 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b cvo †Lvjvevoxqv MÖv‡g GB b‡ì GKwU kvLv Ôn¨v‡jÂvÕ bvg wb‡q †ewo‡q †evjvKvw›`, wbwðš—cyi, evMiƒc MÖvg n‡q aivBj MÖv‡g wM‡q cybivq bvi‡ì wØZxq aviv‡Z wg‡k‡Q| †Lvjvevoxqv †_‡K g~j Z…Zxq bvi` A‡bK cÖk¯—| wKš‘ `LjKvixiv ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b AvovAvwo euva w`‡q LÊ LÊ cyKzi evwb‡q‡Q| Z_¨ wb‡q Rvbv †M‡Q MZ 10/12 eQi hveZ Rei`LjKvixiv GB cÖwµqvq miKvwi Lvm Rwg MÖvm Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k kZ kZ wejyß ev cÖvq wejyß b`b`xi g‡a¨ bvi` Ab¨Zg| Ab¨vb¨ b`b`x †_‡K GB b‡ì HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vcU A‡bKUvB wfbœ Ges êwPÎ¨c~Y©| G‡`‡ki b`b`x mg~‡ni µg weeZ©b cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB NU‡Q| b`xi BwZnvm gvbe mf¨Zvi mv‡_ wg‡k i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM b`b`x kw³ai †`‡ki GK¸‡qgxi Rb¨ bve¨Zv nviv‡”Q| Gi d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯—i wb‡P †b‡g hv‡”Q| Rxe‰ewP‡Îi Dci fxlY cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| e‡i›`ª AÂ‡j gi”gqZv GKwU êwkó¨ n‡q dz‡U DV‡Q| G †_‡K Avgv‡ì gyw³ †c‡Z n‡e| gvneye wmwÏKx : mfvcwZ, †nwi‡UR ivRkvnx

120| b`x

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bv, †Kbbv, ¯’vb Ges Kv‡ji e¨vwßi wbwi‡L Zv mye…nr| Zvn‡j Avgiv wK Kie? Avgiv †hUv Kie †mUv njÑ Avgv‡ì AvMÖvmx mf¨Zvi wccvmv †gUv‡Z b`x¸wji †h wekxY©Zv, ~lY Ges g…Zy c_hvÎv Avi¤¢ n‡q‡QÑ hv Avgiv †`‡LI bv †`Lvi fvb KiwQ, ey‡SI bv †evSvi fvb KiwQÑ †mUv †iva Kivi †Póv Kiv| Avgiv ï‡b AvmwQ, 5000 eQi a‡i Avgv‡ì cweÎ weevn-g‡š¿i wfZi b`x‡K kvk¦Z nIqvi cÖv_©bv Òaª”ev D`vš^ZxivctÓ b`xmKj a«ye †nvK, cweÎ kªv×-g‡š¿i wfZi b`x‡K gay¶iYKvix nIqvi cÖv_©bv Ògay ¶iwš— wmÜetÓ, b`x-Zx_©cwiµgvq Avgiv b`xi kxY©Zvq kw¼Z n‡q ‘wZ KiwQÑ ÒIu mivswm ¶qgfy¨‡cZv... †n b`xiƒcv †`we, GB fxlY cÖ`~wlZ hy‡M mwir-m‡iveivw` µ‡gB ¶qcÖvß n‡q Avm‡Q; ZywgB GKgvÎ ¯^‡M©i g›`vwKbxi †mªvZ Avcb A‡½ aviY K‡i †mªvZw¯^bx n‡q AvQ| †n †`we, Avgv‡ì kvk¦Z wccvmv cÖkwgZ K‡ivÓ| wKš‘ ïay g‡š¿ KvR nq bv| Zvi ev —weK cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvB 5000 eQi c‡i GB wkí-weÁvb-cÖhyw³i AwZ-AvZ¥wek¦vmx hy‡M †cuŠ‡Q Avgiv ïbwQÑ c…w_exi cÖavb 10wU b`xi Aw —Z¡ AvR m¼‡Ui gy‡L| Gi cvkvcvwk AmsL¨ †QvU †QvU b`x AvR gygyl©yÑ Kv‡iv Drm kxY© n‡q‡Q, Kv‡iv ey‡Ki ˆRem¤ú` g‡i †M‡Q, Kv‡iv †mªvZ nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| Avgiv Gevi `…wó †è Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x¸wji w`‡K| Dcb`x Avi kvLvb`x †e‡Q †d‡j w`‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖavb b`xi msL¨v †ZBk| †K †K Avm‡e †m ZvwjKvq? Dcgnv‡`‡ki G‡Kev‡i DËicwðg cÖv‡š— ZvKv‡j wmÜy, weZ —v, wecvkv, P› ªfvMv, BiveZx Avi kZ ª” e‡q P‡j‡Q ivR‰bwZKfv‡e wef³ fviZ Avi cvwK —vb Ry‡o (b`x¸wji mvgvb¨ Ask wZeŸ‡ZiI Aš—f©y³)| fvi‡Zi g~j f~L‡Ê i‡q‡Q M½v, hgybv, bg©`v, Zvwß, †Mv`veix, K…òv, Kv‡eix, gnvb`x| †bcvj Ges fviZ GB `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ eB‡Q †Kvkx, MÊK Avi Kvb©vjx| fviZ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ eB‡Q M½v (cÙv), eªþcyÎ (hgybv), †gNbv, wZ¯—v, gnvb›`v, RjXvKv, KY©dyjx| kªxj¼vi GKgvÎ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ b`x nj gnv‡ejx M½v| GBme b`xi R‡j nvZ †Quvqv‡j Kvwnwb A‡bK| BwZnvm, eb¨v wK¤^v MwZc_ cwieZ©‡bi †mme Kvwnwb Kg-†ewk Avgv‡ì mK‡jiB Rvbv| †m Kvwnwbi K_vq Avgiv hve bv| Avgiv ïbe b`xi Amy‡Li K_v, †h AmyL mn‡R aiv c‡o bv, aiv co‡jI mvi‡Z Pvq bv| ïbe †mB Amy‡Li K_v hvi eZ©gv‡bi iƒcB A¯úó, fwel¨‡Zi †Zv K_vB †bB| my`~i DËi-cwðg cÖv‡š—i wmÜy b‡ì WvqvM‡bvwmm w`‡qB ïi” Kiv hvK| evwnZ cvwbi wnmve Ki‡j wmÜy c…w_exi b`x¸wji g‡a¨ 21Zg, Avi evwnZ cwj-evwj-cv_‡ii wn‡me ai‡j wmÜz1 wØZxq e…nËg b`x| Avw` BIwmb hy‡M A_©vr AvR †_‡K cÖvq mv‡o cuvP †KvwU eQi Av‡M DrcwË nIqvi ci bvbv fvOvMov I weeZ©‡bi †k‡l †gvUvgywU †ò †KvwU eQi Av‡M wmÜy Zvi eZ©gv‡bi †Pnviv wb‡q‡Q| cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hy‡M cÖvq GK j¶ eQi Av‡M †_‡K wmÜyi Zx‡i gvby‡li

122| b`x

emevm| HwZnvwmK hy‡M mywe —xY© wmÜy-mi ^Zx mf¨Zv‡K (hv ’vwbK we —…wZi wbwi‡L mgmvgwqK bxjb` DcZ¨Kvi wgkixq mf¨Zv ev BD‡d«wUm-UvBwMÖm Zx‡ii my‡gixq mf¨Zvi wØ¸Y) mi ^Zx b`xi mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e †cvlY K‡i‡Q wmÜy| ^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci wmÜyi cvwb wb‡q ayÜygvi evKweZÊv n‡q‡Q fviZ Avi cvwK —v‡bi g‡a¨| †`vlv‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q Px‡bi cÖwZI| cvwb wb‡q Pyw³ n‡q‡Q, bZyb bZyb euva ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| cvi¯úwiK †`vlv‡iv‡ci gvÎv †e‡o‡Q AviI| Avi me©‡k‡l †`Lv w`‡q‡Q GK `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa| †ivMUv b`xi Dr‡m| wZeŸ‡Zi gvbm m‡ive‡ii Kv‡Q cÖvq 5200 wgUvi D”PZvq Aew¯’Z Ôwmw½ KveveÕ (evsjvq A_© Ôwms‡ni gyLÕ) wngevn †_‡K wbM©Z n‡q‡Q wmÜy| m¤cÖwZ aiv c‡o‡Q †h, wek¦ Dòvq‡Yi cÖfv‡e †m wngevn bvwK ûû K‡i M‡j hv‡”Q| ˆPwbK AvenweÁvb `ß‡ii wi‡cvU© AbyhvqxÑ wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki `w¶Y Gkxq kvLvi cvwbmsµvš— Dc‡`óv †WwfW †MÖ e‡j‡Qb ÒwmÜy b‡ì fwel¨r wb‡q wbwðZ wb`vb nuvKvi gZ ch©vß Z_¨ nqZ Avgv‡ì nv‡Z †bB; wKš‘ IB wngevnwU‡K wb‡q Avk¼vi h‡_ó KviY i‡q‡Q| wngevnwUi cÖvq 50 kZvsk BwZg‡a¨B M‡j †M‡Q| cvwK¯—v‡bi gi”cÖvq AÂ‡j emevmKvix AmsL¨ gvbyl wmÜyi R‡ji Dci GKvš— wbfi«kxj| ZvB welqwU wb‡q Mfxi wPš—vfvebvi ìKviÓ| weKí iv —v †LuvRv n‡”Q| wKš‘ mgvav‡bi c_ GLbI †`Lv hvq wb| wngev‡ni Mjb cÖK…wZwe`¨vi wbq‡g GKgyLx, Zv‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvB cvwbi eënv‡ii aib e`jv‡bv, wejyß cÖZœbvjv ev c¨vwjI P¨v‡bj¸wji cybi”×vi, f~Mf©¯’ RjmÂqK ev GKyBdvi¸wji cybi”×vi BZ¨vw` eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv wmÜyi Dcb`x¸wji Amy‡Li K_vq Avme c‡i| Zvi Av‡M Ny‡i Avmv hvK evsjv‡`‡ki mvZ b`xi †gv‡o| †MvUv c…w_exi gvbwPÎ Lyu‡R evsjv‡`k Qvov †Kv_vI mvZ b`xi m½g wgj‡e bv| `yB evsjv wgwj‡q (evsjv‡`k I cwðge½) f~gÊ‡ji GB ¶y`ª cwim‡ii g‡a¨ GB †h mnmªvwaK b`xi Dcw¯’wZÑ GI c…w_exi Ab¨Î wgj‡e bv| ïay b`x‡K wb‡qB GB †h GZ ai‡bi êwPÎ¨gq MvbÑ fvwUqvwj, fvIqvBqv, Rvwi, mvwi, PUKv, ¶x‡ivj, we‡”Q`x, gywk©`xÑ GmeI wgj‡e bv eªþv‡Êi Avi †Kv_vI| cÖvwš—K Rxe‡bi my`~i cÖvš— ch©š— b`xgvZ…K `k©‡bi GB †h AvKywZÑ Ògb gvwS †Zvi eBVv †b †i / Avwg Avi evB‡Z cvijvg bv/ Avwg Rbg fBiv evBjvg eBVv †i/ I †bŠKv fvwU QvBov DRvq bv/ Avwg Rw½ ikx hZB Kwl/ I‡i nvB‡j‡Z Rj gv‡b bv.../ Avwg Avi evB‡Z cvijvg bvÓ wK¤^v Òdv‡›` cwoqv eMv Kv‡›` †i/ dv›` emvB‡Q dvw›` †i fvB cywU gvQ w`qv/ gv‡Qi †jv‡f †evKv eMv c‡o Dovj w`qv †iÕÕÑ GI Abb¨| evOvwji g‡b b`x wb‡q GZ Av‡eM _vKv‡ZB b`xi Amy‡L Zvi ey‡Ki e¨_vUv †ewk| mvZ b`xi †gv‡o m½‡gi wekvjZ¡ Avi †mªv‡Zi PvÂ‡j¨ aiv c‡o bv †Kv‡bv `~lY ev ïwK‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v| wKš‘ †bŠKv †e‡q

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kxZj¶¨v, eywoM½v ev KY©dyjxi DRv‡b Pj‡Z _vK‡j Av‡ — Av‡ — ¯úó n‡Z _v‡K `~l‡Yi QweUv| Avi b`xi cvwb n«v‡mi cwigvY? Pjyb, cÖavb b`x eªþcy‡Îi Dr‡mi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv hvK|Iqvì© IqvBW dvÛ Ges fviZxq Aš—ix¶ M‡elYv ms ’v Bm‡ivi ch©‡e¶Y Abyhvqx, eªþcy‡Îi Drm wngev‡ni eid cÖvq 16 kZvsk M‡j †M‡Q| ZvB ÔK¬vB‡gU wngvjq Bwbwk‡qwUfÕ ms ’v Avk¼v cÖKvk K‡i e‡j‡QÑÒThe Brahmaputra and other Himalayan rivers flowing through North-East India and Bangladesh will stop flowing within another five decades if we can't reduce the soaring global temperature. We have witnessed those Himalayan glaciers- the prime source of the Himalayan rivers including the Brahmaputra is retreating at an alarming rate.Ó Avgiv GBevi GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki GK A‡Pbv b`xi Kv‡Q hve| Øxcivó« kªxj¼vi b`x gnv‡ejx M½vi Kv‡Q| gnv‡ejx wngevn cyó b`x bq, †m †ègvZ…K A_©vr e…wói R‡j cyó| ZvB †M−vevj Iqvwg©s RwbZ wngevn Mj‡bi fq Zvi †bB| wKš‘ †M−vevj Iqvwg©s-Gi `vc‡U f~Mf© ’ R‡ji Drm¸wjI kxY© n‡”QÑ GKyBdvi¸wj m¼ywPZ n‡”Q, †b‡g hv‡”Q MÖvDÛ IqvUvi †Uej| gnv‡ejx kªxj¼vi cÖavb Rjaviv nIqvq †`‡ki wkí Ges we y ‡Zi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z nq Zv‡KBÑ Øxciv‡ó«i mvgwMÖK eënvh© we y ‡Zi 40 kZvskB Av‡m gnv‡ejxi Rj †_‡K| mf¨Zvi GB c‡iv¶ wccvmv †gUv‡Z wM‡q b`xwU‡K co‡Z n‡”Q Ab¨ mgm¨vqÑ b`xi Rj w`‡b w`‡b jeYv³ n‡q DV‡Q| kªxj¼vi Ab¨vb¨ b`xÑ Avivwe Ai”, gvjeZy, Kjbxqv, hb Iqv, evjvI‡q, Kvjy M½v, gnv IqvÑ meviB GK mgm¨v| d‡j IB b`x¸wji cvwb‡Z _vKv cÖvq 90 cÖRvwZi gvQ (hvi g‡a¨ 26 wU cÖRvwZ G‡ÛwgK A_©vr GKvš—B kªxj¼vi wbR ^) Ges 21 cÖRvwZi KuvKovi fwel¨r GLb m¼‡U| eû yj©f RjR MvQcvjvI wejywßi gy‡L| Avi m‡e©vcwi m¼‡U i‡q‡Q b`xi Dc‡i GKvš— wbf©ikxj axei m¤cÖ`vq| mgy`ª DcK~‡ji b`x nIqvq cwji mgm¨v †Zv wQjB, Zv µgk †e‡o b`x¸wji bve¨ZvI †Zv Kwg‡q w`‡q‡Q †Xi| fvi‡Zi g~j f~L‡Ê wd‡i G‡m Avgiv GLb hvw”Q bg©`v b`xi Kv‡Q| fviZxq †cŠivwYK wek¦vm Abyhvqx bg© v GZB cweÎ b`x †h ^qs M½v Zx_©hvÎx‡ì cvc Avcb A‡½ aviY Kivi ci cÖwZw`b GK K…òeY©v Mvfxi iƒcaviY K‡i bg©`vq mœvb K‡i wb‡Ri cvc ay‡q hvb| bg© vI †ègvZ…K b`x, Zvi Drm msµvš— †Kvb AmyL †bB| Zvi mgm¨v b`xeuva wb‡q| eûPwP©Z Ôm`©vi m‡ivei cÖKíÕ Ges Ôbg©`v euvPvI Av‡›`vjbÕ `xN©w`b a‡i msev`kx‡l©| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ bó Kiv †_‡K ïi” K‡i b`xwbf©i AmsL¨ gvby‡li Rxeb AÜKv‡i †V‡j †Ìqvi Awf‡hvM IB euv‡ai wei”‡×| Zey A‡bK evKweZÊvi †k‡l fviZxq mywcÖg †KvU© euv‡ai KvR Pvwj‡q hvIqvi c‡¶B ivq w`‡q‡Qb|

124| b`x

d‡j b`xi AmyL evo‡Z ïi” K‡i‡Q| Ges mf¨Zvi Dbœq‡bi LvwZ‡i nvwmgy‡L Zv Avgv‡ì †g‡bI wb‡Z n‡”Q| me‡k‡l Dcgnv‡`‡ki `xN©Zg b`x M½vi K_v| gvbemf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m hyM hyM a‡i Ggbfv‡e GK mye„nr Rb‡Mvôxi fw³-wek¦vm-ag©-ms¯‹…wZ-mvwnZ¨-wkí-evwYR¨-A_©bxwZi mvgwMÖK wbqš¿Y †h GKwU b`x Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv GKgvÎ M½vB †`wL‡q‡Q| M½vi AeevwnKv‡ZB iwPZ n‡q‡Q c…w_exi `yB e…n gnvKve¨; †eŠ×-ˆRb-AvRxeK ag©wek¦v‡mi cÖeZ©bI n‡q‡Q GLv‡bB| M½vi Zx‡i eû mvgªv‡Rï DÌvb-cZ‡b hy×weMÖnI eo GKUv Kg nqwb| †mme K_v _vK| †`Lv hvK, †Kgb Av‡Q GB b`x Avi Zvi mnPixiv| †cŠivwYK wek¦v‡m †h b`x wÎc_MvÑ ¯^M©-gZ¨©-cvZvj Ry‡o hvi PjvPjÑ hv‡Z mœvb K‡i AwZ eo cvZKI cvcgy³ nqÑ †mB Kjylbvwkbx b`x KZUv `~wlZ n‡q‡Q Zv †`Lv hvK | cÖwZw`b cÖvq 20 j¶ gvbyl M½vq mœvb K‡ib| M½vi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z 29wU eo kni, 70wU †QvU kni Ges AmsL¨ MÖvgMÄ †_‡K †gvUvgywU 130 †KvwU wjUvi eR¨© c`v_© †ivR M½vq †djv nq; Gi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ KviLvbv †_‡K †djv nq AviI 26 †KvwU wjUvi AveR©bv| ïaygvÎ evivbmxi k¥kvb †_‡KB cÖwZw`b Aš—Z 5000 Ava‡cvov ke‡`n M½vq †djv nq, Ab¨vb¨ k¥kv‡bi K_v bv nq †Q‡oB w`jvg| †µvwgqvg, Av‡m©wbK BZ¨vw` eû ¶wZKi ivmvqwbK gvÎvwZwi³fv‡e †e‡o †M‡Q M½vi cvwb‡Z| Kwjdg© e¨vKwUwiqvi cwigvY GZB †ewk †h cvb Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v M½vi Rj mœvb Kivi c‡¶I wbivc` bq| Avi M½vi Dcb`x hgybvi K_v ïb‡j †Zv AviI Pg‡K DV‡Z n‡e| GK w`j−x kni †_‡KB cÖwZw`b hgybvq 190 †KvwU wjUvi AveR©bv †djv nq| M½vi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb`x A_©v MÛK, †Kvkx, NvNiv, gnvKvjx, gnvb›`v, `v‡gvì, P~Y©x, BQvgZx wK¤^v cÙv-eªþcy‡Îi wgwjZ avivi mv‡_ wg‡k hvIqv Ki‡Zvqv, AvÎvB, †gNbv, eywoM½v, AvwoqjLuv, KY©dyjxÑ me b`xi cvwb‡ZB ~lYÑ gvÎv Qvov `~lY| `~l‡Yi K_v ev` w`‡j Avm‡e b`xi kxY©Zvi K_v| AvMÖvmx mf¨Zvi wccvmv †gUv‡Z wM‡q cÖwZ `k‡KB nvwi‡q hv‡”Q M½vi wKQy Dcb`x I kvLvb`x| `w¶Ye‡½ mi¯^Zx, wNqv-Kyš—x, ˆKwkKx, Avw`M½v cÖf…wZ b`x ï®‹cÖvq| MZ GK `k‡K evsjv‡`‡k cÙvi 15wU Dcb`x ïwK‡q †M‡Q| wngvj‡qi wngevn¸wji w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avk¼v Qvov Avi wKQy wgj‡e bv| b`x¸wji Aš—R©jx hvÎv †Zv Avgiv NwU‡qB w`‡qwQ| GLb giYKv‡j gKiaŸR †Ìqvi gZ euvPv‡bvi iv —v LyuRwQ Avgiv| wK Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ? †M−vevj Iqvwg©s RwbZ cÖvK…wZK AcÖmbœZvi cÖwZKvi Avgiv Ki‡Z cvie bv; wKš‘ mf¨Zvi jvjmv‡K †Zv Avgiv †VKv‡Z cvwi| cÖ_gZ, b`xi Zx‡ii kni I MÖv‡gi AveR©bv I `~wlZ cvwb mivmwi b`x‡Z †djv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e (nq IB cvwb †kvab K‡i b`x‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev weKí ’v‡b wb‡q wWm‡cvRvj Kiv‡Z n‡e)| wØZxqZ, ag©wek¦v‡mi bv‡g b`x‡Z Ava‡cvov ke‡`n †djv eÜ Ki‡Z

b`x| 125

n‡e| Z…ZxqZ, b`x‡Z ivmvqwbK ishy³ cÖwZgv wemR©‡bi e¨cv‡i weKí eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e (nq cÖwZgvq ˆRe iO eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev `c©‡Y cÖZxwK wemR©b w`‡Z n‡e)| PZy_©Z, K…wli Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvR‡b h‡_”Qnv‡i A‰eÁvwbKfv‡e Lvj KvUv Pj‡e bv| cÂgZ, b`xi Avš—‡`©kxq ev Avš—cÖ©v‡`wkK Rje›U‡bi †¶‡Î ¯^”Q Ges gvbweK `…wófw½ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| b`x euvP‡j Avgiv euvPe| ZvB b`x¸wj‡K †h euvwP‡q ivL‡Z n‡eB| Avgv‡ì Rb¥-cybR©b¥-euvPv-giv mewKQy †h IB b`x‡K wN‡iB| ZvB cÖe‡Üi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m Kwe †gvwnZjv‡ji KweZvi K‡qKUv jvBb g‡b c‡o †MjÑ

Avgv‡i †Zvgiv fy‡j †h‡qv fvB, G‡mwQby c_ fy‡j| cvb Kwiev‡i Rvýex-evwi KxwZ©bvkvi K~‡j| eû Rb‡gi e¨_© wccvmv Gevi c~wi‡e, g‡b wQj Avkv fvOv gw›`‡i †eu‡awQby evmv RxY© e‡Ui g~‡j| c−ve‡bi gy‡L †f‡m †Mj me KxwZ©bvkvi K~‡j|

Zb¥q ai : AvBAvBwU Kvbcy‡o Dcgnv‡`kxq Rjevqy wel‡q wcGBPwW M‡elYviZ

126| b`x

b`b`x wb‡q evsjv MÖš’ Zi”Y miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x wb‡q iwPZ MÖš’ I cÖe‡Üi AwaKvskB Bs‡iwR fvlvq †jLv| Avi evsjv fvlvq iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni AwaKvsk cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q cwðge½ †_‡K| evsjv‡`‡k m¤cÖwZ evsjv fvlvq b`-b`x wel‡q PP©v †e‡o‡Q| we‡klZ weMZ kZvãxi Avwki `kK †_‡K cÖvq eQiB cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q b`x welqK MÖš’| b`-b`xi Drm, cÖevn, ˆ`N ©, cÖk —Zv, ZxieZ©x kni BZ¨vw` Z_¨ I cwi‡ekb ixwZi cybive„wË evsjv‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ D‡jL‡hvM¨ msL¨K MÖ‡š’ NU‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM Av‡Q| ev¯—eZv‡K †g‡b wb‡qB ej‡ev, wbóvevb M‡elKI i‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ cÖ_‡gB AKvj cÖqvZ weÁvbx knx yj −vn& g„avi K_v eje| f~ZË¡, g„wËKv weÁvb, f~‡Mvjmn weÁv‡bi bvbv kvLv QvovI wZwb b`-b`x wel‡q wZwb Dcv`vb †LuvR‡Zb BwZnvm Avi cyiv‡b| b`xi BwZnvm †LuvR‡Zb ¯’vbxq RbkÖ”wZ‡Z| †LuvR‡Zb cÖvPxb gvbwP‡Î, cÖvPxb mvwn‡Z¨| wbôvevb M‡elK Av‡iv i‡q‡Qb| ZvB Avkv Kwi, evsjv‡`‡k mvg‡bi w`b¸‡jv‡Z b`x welqK MÖš’ I cÖe‡Üi welqe¯‘‡Z êwPÎ¨ Avm‡e| Avm‡e bZzb bZzb Z_¨ I aviYv| ZvwjKvwU Am¤ú~Y©| G‡Z ïay MÖš’ I cwÎKvi we‡kl msL¨vi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜ D‡jL Kiv nqwb| Aš—f©~³ Kiv nqwb mvwnZ¨| evsjv fvlvq iwPZ Av‡iv M‡elYv MÖš’ i‡q‡Q, hv G ZvwjKvq Aš—f©~³ Kiv hvqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x wb‡q evsjv I Bs‡iwR fvlvq iwPZ MÖš’, cwÎKvi we‡kl msL¨v, cÖeÜmn wewfbœ iPbvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kivi B‡”Q Av‡Q| evsjv fvlvq b`x welqK cÖKvkbvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi G Kv‡Ri m~Pbv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z A‡b‡Ki mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb| b`-b`x wb‡q †jLvi Z_¨ (wbeÜ, cÖeÜ I MÖ‡š’i †jLK, †jLvi wk‡ivbvg I welqe ‘, cÖKvkK, cÖKvkKvj, cÖKvk¯’j, g~j¨, c„ôv msL¨v BZ¨vw`) w`‡q mnvqZv Ki‡Z b`x welqK M‡elK, cwi‡ek Kg©x I cvVKmn mswk−ó‡ì cÖwZ Aby‡iva KiwQ| MÖ‡š’ ^xK…wZmn mnvqZvi K_v D‡j −L Kiv n‡e

evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ b`x welqK D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cÖKvkbv MÖš’

● M½vg½j : wØRgvae, e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilr, KjKvZv, 1916, c„ôv 219

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x I cwiKíbv : Kwcj fÆvPvh©, we‡`¨v`q jvB‡eªwi cÖvB‡fU wj., KjKvZv, ewa©Z wØZxq ms¯‹iY, 1949, c„ôv 156, g~j¨ 4.5 UvKv ● c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi b`b`x : †iwWI cvwK —vb, 1959, c„ôv 80

● M½v b`xi Drm : †fvjvbv_ P‡Ævcva¨vq, wÎ‡eYx, KjKvZv, 1962, c„ôv 88

b`x| 127

● Avw`M½v : Avï‡Zvl miKvi, iƒc‡jLv, KjKvZv, 1968, c„ôv 315

● gnvZx_© M½vmvMi : RMbœv_ gvBwZ, cÖ‡Mwmf eyK, KjKvZv, 1970, c„ôv 122

● M½vmvMi m½‡g : mybxwZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq, wmM‡bU eyK kc, KjKvZv, 1972, c„ôv 190

● b`x Kvwnbx : Amxg Kzgvi emy, mv¶iZv cÖKvkb, 1980, c„ôv 56

● M½vi K_v : ex‡i› ªbv_ mgvÏvi, 1982, c„ôv 280

● b`x : mywcÖq †mb¸ß, wRÁvmv, 1982, c„ôv 60

● M½v wgwmwmwc Ø›Ø-msNvZ : fviZ gvwK©b m¤úK© (1947-1983) : wc. †K. †Mv ^vgx, dvg©v †KGjGg, 1983, 159 c„ôv

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`x : Gm Gg nK, 1985, c„ôv 103

● evsjv‡`‡ki cvwb m¤ú` : we.Gg. AveŸvm G.wU., evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk 21 wW‡m¤î 1985, c„ôv 102, g~j¨ 15 UvKv

● dviv°v e¨v‡iR I evsjv‡`k : we.Gg. AveŸvm G.wU., BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wj., gwZwSj, XvKv, 1988, c„ôv 168, g~j¨ 75 UvKv

● M½v I e½f~wg : cÖfvZ †Nvl, †RGm cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv, 1988, c„ôv 204

● M½v Av‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbv : b‡ivËg nvj`vi, †` eyK †÷vi, KjKvZv, 1988, c„ôv 204

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`xgvjv : cÖ‡KŠkjx Ave`yj Iqv‡R`, ZvwiK Avng`, †deª”qvwi 1991, c„ôv 129, g~j¨ 80 UvKv

● eb¨v wbqš¿‡Y evsjv‡`k G¨vKkvb c−vb mvdj¨ I m¤¢vebv me©‡kl AMÖMwZ : d¨vc, b‡f¤î 1992, c„ôv 60, g~j¨ D‡j−L †bB

● b`x : w`jxcKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, wkï mvwnZ¨ msm`, KjKvZv 1993

● b`x †gLjv evsjv‡`k (wkï wK‡kvi‡ì Rb¨ BwZnvm I HwZn¨ wmwi‡Ri MÖš’) : wecÖ vk eo–qv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 36 evsjvevRvi, XvKv, †deª”qvwi 1994, c„ôv 69, g~j¨ 45 UvKv

● b`x (cÖK…wZi cvV MÖš’gvjvi Ask wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ) : nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 41 cyivbv cëb XvKv, †deª”qvwi 1995, c„ôv 72, g~j¨ 60 UvKv

● M½vi cvwb Pzw³ : †cÖw¶Z I m¤¢ebv : m¤úv`K Zv‡iK kvgmyi †ingvb, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv 1997|

128| b`x

● evsjv‡`k fviZ Awfbœ b`xi cvwb msKU : Ave`ym mvËvi, 1998, c„ôv 127

● cvwb m¤ú` I Rjxq cÖwZ‡ek : wecbœ wek¦ : nvmvb Rvwn` I †gvnv¤§` wRj−yi ingvb, cigv, evwo bs 7, moK bs 4, avbgwÊ, XvKv, GwcÖj 1998, †dvb : 9661141, c„ôv 110, g~j¨ 200 UvKv

● fvi‡Zi euva : Amxg Kzgvi emy, cwðge½ ivR¨cy —K cl©r, 6G ivRv my‡eva †Nvl ¯‹qvi, KjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 2000, c„ôv 95, g~j¨ 75 UvKv

● M½v : ZË¡ I Z_¨ : Z‡cveªZ m¨vbvj, cy —K wecwY, wØZxq cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY, A‡±vei 2000, 27 †ewbqv‡Uvjv †jb KjKvZv, c„ôv 187, g~j¨ 75 UvKv

● mvMi b`x Rjv euvPv‡Z n‡e : Ave`yj−vn Avj-gyZxg, Abycg cÖKvkbx, 38/4 evsjvevRvi, XvKv, Rvbyqvwi 2001, c„ôv 32, g~j¨ 55 UvKv

● Gwkqv I c¨vwmwdK †`kmg~‡n cvwb (wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì Rb¨ ev¯‘we`¨v wmwi‡Ri MÖš’) : BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, gwZwSj, XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î 2001, c„ôv 65, g~j¨ 100 UvKv

● M½vi fvOb K_v gvj`n gywk©`vev` (gvj`n gywk©`vev‡` dviv°v euv‡ai cÖwZwµqv wb‡q m‡iRwgb M‡elYv) : Kj¨vY i”`ª, g„wËKv, wØZxq ms¯‹iY, Rvbyqvwi 2002, c„ôv 108, g~j¨ 45 UvKv

● cwðge‡½i b` b`x : A‡kvKKzgvi emy, wgÎ I †Nvl cvewjkvm© cÖv. wj., 10 k¨vgvPiY †` w÷ªU, KjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 2002, c„ôv 90, g~j¨ 60 UvKv

● fvi‡Zi b`x : w`jxcKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, fviZx eyK ÷j, 6we igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KjKvZv, RyjvB 2002, c„ôv 220, g~j¨ 100 UvKv|

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`x : †gvKvig †nv‡mb, HwZn¨, 68-69 c¨vwi`vm †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv, †deª”qvwi 2003, c„ôv 80, g~j¨ 75 UvKv

● mi¯Zx b`x Kíbvq ev¯—‡e (BwZnvm welqK eB) : Bidvb nvwee, Abyev` w`‡e¨› y †nvZv, b¨vkbvj eyK G‡RwÝ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, 12 ew¼g P¨vUvwR© w÷ªU, KjKvZv, AvM÷ 2003, c„ôv 32, g~j¨ 15 UvKv

● M½v-e½ (BwZnvm welqK MÖš’) : eªZx› ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, MÖš’wgÎ, 1we ivRv †jb, KjKvZv, Ryb 2004, c„ôv 46, g~j¨ 30 UvKv

● nvIi R‡j fvmv Rbc` : gywRe †gn`x, Bbw÷wUDU di Gbfvqib‡g›U A¨vÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U, evwo bs 52, moK bs 8G, avbgwÊ, XvKv, Rvbyqvwi 2005, c„ôv 80, g~j¨ 30 UvKv

b`x| 129

● evsjv‡`‡ki b` b`x : wkcb ingvb, wek¦ cwiPq, 37 evsjvevRvi, XvKv, †deª”qvwi 2005, c„ôv 80, g~j¨ 60 UvKv|

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x (cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Z_¨mn b`-b`xi weeiY) : m¤úv`K I cÖKvkK †gvt kIKZ Avjx, 72 wMÖb †ivW, XvKv,Ryb 2005, c„ôv 621, g~j¨ D‡j−L †bB

● mvZ mgy`ª Avi †Z‡iv b`x : wecÖ`vk eo–qv, Aemi, 46/1 evsjvevRvi, XvKv, cybg©y`ªY wW‡m¤î 2005, c„óv 109, g~j¨ 65 UvKv

● ˆfie b` eZ©gvb Ae ’v Ges bve¨Zv i¶v‡_© Avgv‡ì KiYxq : Avkivdzj Avjg UzUz, ˆfie wifvi †ewmb Gwiqv IqvUvi cvU©bviwkc, 55/2 Bmjvgcyi †ivW, Lyjbv, 5 gvP© 2006, c„ôv 24, g~j¨ D‡j−L †bB

● jv‡fi Rj †jv‡fi Rj (Ôd«›UjvBbÕ 21 GwcÖj 2006 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ †jLvi msKjb) : wc mvBbv_ I Ab¨vb¨, Abyev` Kj¨vYx PµeZ©x I m›`xcb fÆvPvh©, gbdwKiv, gw›ìcvov RMvQv nvIov, wW‡m¤î 2006, c„ôv 72, g~j¨ 30 UvKv

● wZZvm Qwe I KweZvq : Ievq`yj−vn gvgyb, HwZn¨, 68-69 c¨vix`vm †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv, 30 wW‡m¤î 2006, c„ôv 91, g~j¨ 5 kZ UvKv

● evsjv‡`‡ki b`b`x : w`jxcKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, †`ÕR cvewjwks, 13 ew¼g P¨vUvwR© w÷ªU, KjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 2007, c„ôv 264, g~j¨ 150

● cwðge‡½ M½vi MwZe`j I f~wg¶q mgvR cwi‡e‡ki †Pv‡L : Kj¨vY i”`ª, gbdwKiv, gw›ìcvov RMvQv, nvIov, Rvbyqvwi 2007, c„ôv 72, g~j¨ 50 UvKv

● b`x cÖm½ : m¤úv`K †kL †ivKb, GKkbGBW evsjv‡`k, ¸jkvb, XvKv, wW‡m¤î 2007, c„ôv 103, g~j¨ 150 UvKv

● evsjvi b`xK_v : Kj¨vY i”`ª, mvwnZ¨ msm`, 32G AvPvh© cÖdzj−P›`ª †ivW, KjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 2008, c„ôv 124, g~j¨ 110 UvKv

● cwðge‡½i `xwN I Rjvkq : abÄq ivq, cÎ‡jLv, 10we K‡jR †ivW, KjKvZv, wW‡m¤î 2008, c„ôv 168, g~j¨ 150

cwÎKv

● wkï (b`x msL¨v) : m¤úv`K †Mvjvg wKewiqv, wkï GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1993, 16 el©, 10g msL¨, c„ôv 59, g~j¨ 5 UvKv

● evsjv‡`‡ki cvwbm¤ú` (mwPÎ evsjv‡`k we‡kl msL¨v) : Pjw”PÎ I cÖKvkbv Awa`ßi, XvKv 1995

130| b`x

● avbkvwj‡Ki †`k (b`x msL¨v) : m¤úv`K ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, AvRnvi Bmjvg fyBqv, cwiPvjK evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 25 el©, 1g msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi-gvP© 1997, c„ôv 192, g~j¨ 20 UvKv

● gxRvbyi ingv‡bi ˆÎgvwmK cwÎKv (b`x msL¨v) : m¤úv`K gxRvbyi ingvb, cÖKvkK I gy ªvKi byiRvnvb eLkx, 3/3 jvjgvwUqv, e−K we, XvKv 1207, †dvb : 9117658, cÂ`k el©, Z…Zxq msL¨v, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î, 1999, 58 LÊ, c„ôv 546, g~j¨ 400 UvKv

● bxj‡jvwnZ (mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ welqK ˆÎgvwmK) : b`x msL¨v, m¤úv`K evme `vk¸ß, †m‡Þ¤î 2001, 15 KvRx bRi”j Bmjvg miwY, wbgZv, KjKvZv, †dvb : 5394344 I 5347899, c„ôv 283, g~j¨ 50 UvKv

● †jvK (evsjv fvlvq ¯^‡`k PP©vi gyLcÎ) : evsjvi `xwN Rjvkq msL¨v, m¤úv`K I cÖKvkK cÖYe miKvi, we‡eKb›` cj −x, †mvbvicyi, KjKvZv, †dvb: 24340609, KjKvZv eB‡gjv †deª”qvwi 2003, c„ôv 512, g~j¨ 125 UvKv

● †jvK (evsjv fvlvq ^‡`k PP©vi gyLcÎ) : evsjvi `xwN Rjvkq msL¨v-2q LÊ, m¤úv`K I cÖKvkK cÖYe miKvi, we‡eKvb›` cj−x, †mvbvicyi, KjKvZv, †dvb : 24340609, 26 AvM÷ 2003, c„ôv 584, g~j¨ 125 UvKv

● AcivwRZ (mvwnZ¨cÎ): M½v msL¨v, m¤úv`K I cÖKvkK W. mgi †Nvl, cÖdzj− A¨vcvU©‡g›U, wm wm 90 bRi”j cvK©, WvK Awk¦bxcyi, †Kócyi KjKvZv, †dvb : 25911503, 25 el©, 1-2 msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb, 20 RyjvB 2005, c„ôv 323, g~j¨ 60 UvKv

● †jvK (evsjv fvlvq ¯^‡`k PP©vi gyLcÎ) : †mKv‡ji c_NvU msL¨v-2, m¤úv`K I cÖKvkK cÖYe miKvi, we‡eKb›` cj −x, †mvbvicyi, KjKvZv, †dvb : 24340609, KjKvZv eB‡gjv 2007, c„ôv 589, g~j¨ 150

● AcivwRZ (mvwnZ¨cÎ) : Rj we‡kl msL¨v, m¤úv`K W. mgi †Nvl/Ai”YKzgvi gy‡L¨vcva¨vq, cÖdzj− A¨vcvU©‡g›U, wm wm 90 bRi”j cvK©, WvK Awk¦bxcyi, †Kócyi KjKvZv, †Uwj‡dvb : 25911503, 28 el©, 1-2 msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb, 2008, c„ôv 410, g~j¨ 60 UvKv Zi”Y miKvi : mvsevw`K

b`x| 131

b`x-¯§„wZ

132| b`x

ˆkk‡ei b`x gynv¤§` BDb~m †QvÆ‡ejv Avgvi MÖv‡g †K‡U‡Q| me MÖv‡gi cv‡kB †QvU-eo b`x _v‡K| AviI _v‡K LvjÑwej| Avgvi MÖv‡gi cv‡kI wQj| †QvÆ‡ejvq Avgiv †bŠKv K‡i Lv‡j Nyi‡Z †hZvg| GKevi GiKg NyivNywii mgq eo Lv‡j P‡j †M‡qwQjvg| ZLb Avgv‡ì Lye UvjgvUvj Ae¯’v| †bŠKv `yj‡Q| wKš‘ GKUv †Kgb †hb gRv cvw”Qjvg| Avgiv Av‡iv mvg‡b P‡j wM‡qwQ| Gi g‡a¨B Avgiv nvj`v b`xi Kv‡Q P‡j G‡mwQjvg| wKš‘ Avgiv eyS‡Z cviwQjvg bv †h mvg‡b †M‡j wec` n‡e| Gw`‡K evwoi gyi”weŸiv hLb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, ZvivI AvZs‡K Aw¯’i n‡q wM‡qwQj| ZLb b`xi cv‡oi †jvKRb Avgv‡ì ej‡jv, †Zvgviv Avi mvg‡b †h‡qv bv, wec‡` co‡e| Zviv Av‡iv ej‡jv, †Zvgv‡ì evwoi †jvKRb †Zvgv‡ì †LuvR‡Q| wd‡i G‡mv| H gyn~‡Z© welqUv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQjvg †h, mvg‡bi w`‡K hvIqv wVK n‡e bv| d‡j Lv‡ji w`‡K wdi‡Z ïi” Kwi| Avgvi `v`vi GKUv eëmv wQj PUªMÖvg kn‡i| `v`v‡K cÖvqB kn‡i Avm‡Z nZ, eëmv mn Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R| evwoi cv‡ki Lv‡j mv¤úvb euvav _vK‡Zv| Hme mv¤úvb w`‡q `v`v evwo †_‡K kn‡i hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| m‡½ Avwg bB‡j Ab¨ bvwZiv _vK‡Zv| mv¤úv‡b P‡o hvIqvUv Avgv‡ì Lye fv‡jv jvM‡Zv| g‡b nZ A‡bK `~i Avgiv hvw”Q, hvw”Q †Zv hvw”QB| Avi GBfv‡e †h‡Z †h‡Z GK mgq nvj`v b`x‡Z †cŠQvZvg| nvj`v b`x‡K †`‡L ZLb g‡b nZ A‡bK eo b`x| A‡bK wekvj wKQy †hb| H b`x‡Z ZLb A‡bK ïïK wQj| Avgiv †`LZvg b`xi Mfxi †_‡K ïïK¸‡jv GKevi jvwd‡q DV‡Q †Zv Av‡iKevi Wye gvi‡Q| A™¢~Z „k¨| Avgiv AevK n‡q †P‡q _vKZvg| Avi Zv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avgiv cÖ_‡g KY©dzwj b`x‡Z †cŠQvZvg, Zvici gv‡S co‡Zv KvjyiNvU weªR| Avi KvjyiNvU weªR n‡q Pv³vB Lvj| †mB mKv‡j iIbv w`‡q, GLv‡b †cŠQv‡Z †cŠQv‡Z Avgv‡ì cy‡ivUv w`b †j‡M †hZ| A_P ~iZ¡ wQj gvÎ cuvP gvBj| GB hvÎvi g‡a¨B, `v`v †hvn‡ii bvgvR co‡Zb| co‡Zb Avm‡ii bvgvRI| Avgiv hZevi AvmZvg, ZZeviB Ggb NU‡Zv| Avi b`x‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b nZ mvM‡ii gZ| Avgiv A‡c¶vq _vKZvg cÖwZevi, KLb `v`v kn‡i hv‡eb, mv¤úv‡b P‡o| Avi my‡hvM n‡e Avgv‡ìI hvevi, b`x †`Lvi| b`x †`Lvi †mB AvMÖn Avgvi GLbI K‡gwb| Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` BDb~m: †bv‡ej kvwš— cyi¯‹vi weRqx evsjv‡`kx A_©bxwZwe`

b`x| 133

mÜ¨v Avgvi fv‡jvevmv †Mvjvg mviIqvi b`x ej‡ZB Avgvi evj¨ I wK‡kvi‡ejvi Aš—iRy‡o _vKv ÔmÜ¨vÕÑ mÜ¨v b`x| cy‡iv cÂg `kKRy‡o, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki m~PbvKvj Aewa mÜ¨v Avgv‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ I Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Q| `yiš— †e‡M Qy‡U Pjv mÜ¨v b`x I bvgnxb †QvU Av‡iKwU b`xi wVK †gvnbvq Avgv‡ì evwoÑ †gvj−vevwo| †gNbvKb¨v mÜ¨v GK‚j-IK‚j fvO‡Z fvO‡Z `yiš— †e‡M Pj‡Z Pj‡Z eû weL¨vZ MÖvg-Rbc` ¯úk© K‡i ÔKPvÕ bv‡g e‡½vcmvM‡i wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| G‡Kev‡i cÂvk `k‡Ki †k‡l Avgvi eqm hLb ev‡iv-†Z‡iv ZLbI XvKv †_‡K ûjvinvU Aewa NygfvOvwbqv †fucy evwR‡q RvnvR Qy‡U †hZ| wekvj RvnvR, Zvi jvj-bxj Av‡jv †`Lvi Rb¨ cÖvqB †kl iv‡Z mÜ¨vi Zx‡i G‡m emZvg| iex›`ªbv_ ÔwSj‡gi †mªvZLvwb euvKvÕ †`‡L‡Qb| Avwg gy» †Pv‡L †`LZvg Kzjy Kzjy k‡ã mÜ¨vi Qy‡U Pjv, Zvi euvKv †mªvZ ÔAvcb †e‡M cvMjcvivÕ mÜ¨vi iƒc †`LZvg, Avi †`LZvg kirP‡›`ªi g‡Zv ÔAuvav‡ii iƒcÕ| kirP‡›`ªi g‡Zv Zx¶ó †Pv‡Li Av‡jv †bB, ZvB Auvav‡ii iƒc nƒ`q‡K †Zgb Av”Qbœ bv Ki‡jI ÔmÜ¨vÕ Avgv‡K wenŸj K‡i ZzjZ| nƒ`qRy‡o †Ljv KiZ wknwiZ Avb›`| †kl iv‡Z RvnvR `k©‡bi bv‡g mÜ¨vi Zx‡i G‡m e‡m _vKvi Avgvi GB Af¨vm j¶ K‡i Avgvi ÔjwRs gv÷viÕ (Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z emevmiZ M„nwk¶K) byi †gvnv¤§` m¨vi Avgvi AveŸv-Av¤§v‡K ej‡Zb, `yjv‡ji Kveë¨vwa‡Z a‡i‡Q| †mB wK‡kvi eq‡m Avgvi e¨_© Kve¨PP©v j¶ K‡iB m¤¢eZ wZwb Avgvi G‡nb †ivM wbY©q K‡iwQ‡jb| GB fv‡jvevmvi, fv‡jvjvMvi mÜ¨v wKš‘ †kl ch©š— Avgv‡ì wb`vi”Y me©bv‡ki KviY n‡q uvovj| mÜ¨v ïayy Avgv‡ì evwoB bq, Avgvi cigwcÖq ÔQvqv mywbweo, kvwš—i bxoÕ R¤yØx‡ci cÖvq meUvB MÖvm Kij| Zey ûgvqyb Kex‡ii g‡Zv ivOv K‡i Ô†gNbv me©bvkxÕi g‡Zv ej‡Z cvijvg bv ÔmÜ¨v me©bvkxÕ| ˆkk‡ei †mB wKwÂr kxY©Kvq mÜ¨v K‚j †f‡O †f‡O Pj‡Z Pj‡Z GLb wekvj n‡q‡Q| GLb Avi RvnvR P‡j bv| RvnvRm „k wekvj jÂ XvKv †_‡K fvÊvwiqv ch©š— PjvPj K‡i| Avnv KZ bv ^v‡ì cÙv b`xi Bwjk gvQ, ^v‡`-M‡Ü AZzjbxqÑ Gme gš—e¨ ï‡b Avevi †mB wK‡kvi I †hŠebKv‡j wd‡i †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| hviv cÂvk, lvU, mËi GgbwK Avwki `k‡K mÜ¨v b`xi Bwjk †L‡q‡Qb Zviv cÙv b`xi Bwj‡ki K_v fz‡jI gy‡L Avb‡eb bv| Rvjfiv iƒcvwj Bwjk| mËi `k‡KI UvKvq `yÕwZbwU wgjZ| †mB Ô¯^v‡`-M‡Ü AZzjbxqÕ Bwj‡ki emevm GLb ¯^‡c”| †R‡jiv GLbI w`b-ivZ Rvj †c‡Z 2-4wU Bwj‡ki Rb¨ Dš§yL n‡q e‡m _v‡Kb| GLb, GB mgqÑ Avlvp-kÖve‡Y fvM¨j²x gv‡Sg‡a¨ mycÖmbœ nb,

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†R‡ji Rv‡j Bwjk aiv c‡o| evbvixcvov evRv‡i IVvi Av‡MB ÔcvBKviivÕ Zv cvwV‡q †`b ewikv‡j| mÜ¨v gv‡Sg‡a¨ †ewk †ewk Bwjk Dcnvi w`‡jI wbgœAv‡qi gvby‡li fv‡M¨ Zv KgB †Rv‡U| ÔAvB‡Z Lvj, hvB‡Z LvjÑ Zvi bvg ewikvjÕ| GB Lvj-we‡j, cÖK…wZi Aciƒc †mŠ›`‡h© gy» evsjv mvwn‡Zï KvjRqx Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Rš§ ewikv‡j| Zvi evwo Avgvi Rš§¯’vb evbvixcvov †_‡K Lye `~‡i bq| Avgvi wcÖq Jcb¨vwmK kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi A‡bK Mí-Dcb¨v‡m i‡q‡Q ewikv‡ji bvbv b`xi Kve¨gq Dcw¯’wZ| Zvi ÔKvke‡bi Kb¨vÕi bvwqKv‡K wb‡q †cÖwgK gvwSi b`x‡Z b`x‡Z cvwj‡q †eov‡bvi i”×k^vm Mí GLbI Avgvi ¯§„wZ †_‡K nvwi‡q hvqwb| ÔKvke‡bi Kb¨vÕq b`xi f‚wgKv A‡bKUv cÖMjfv bvixi g‡Zv| b`x I Dcb¨v‡mi bvwqKv G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q Avgvi| G b`xB Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï mvov RvMv‡bv eû Dcb¨v‡mi gyL¨ PwiÎ| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÙv b`xi gvwSÕ‡Z cÙvcv‡oi gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKv Ges Zv‡ì mvgwMÖK RxebvPi‡Y cÖgËv cÙvi cÖfve g~Z© n‡q‡Q| Avevi Pjw”P‡Îi wekvj K¨vbfv‡m b`x †hb wb‡RB bvwqKv| †hgbÑ Ôb`x I bvixÕ, ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bvgÕ, Ôax‡i e‡n †gNbvÕ| gvwU I gvbyl‡K wb‡q †jLv KvjRqx me Mv‡bB b`xi A‡Rq f‚wgKv| bRi”‡ji ÔcÙvi †XD‡iÕ †_‡K ïi” K‡i AveŸvmDÏx‡bi AMwYZ fvwUqvwj‡Z GgbwK myexi b›`xi K‡Éi A‡bK Mv‡b b`xi KjK‡j−vj Qwo‡q Av‡Q| evOvwji fv‡jvjvMvi, fv‡jvevmvi b`x¸‡jv nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| G wb‡q GLb Avgv‡ì A‡kl `xN©k^vm| b`x g‡i hv‡”Q| AvgivI †hb g‡i hvw”Q| ay-ay cÙv, hgybv, a‡jkîx| GLb Avgiv wb‡R‡ì euvwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ b`x‡K euvPv‡bvi †Póv KiwQ| nvwi‡q hvIqv b`x¸‡jv‡K D×vi Ki‡Z gvbeeÜb KiwQ| Avgiv GLb GKvš— Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡qB ejwQ, b`x bv euvP‡j XvKv euvP‡e bv| Avgiv euvPe bv| b`xi Rb¨ AMva fv‡jvevmvi Rb¨ bq, wb‡R‡ì ^v‡_©i K_v †f‡eB Avgiv GLb b`x‡cÖwgK| Zey b`x euvPzK, eywoM½v euvPzK| Avgv‡ì DËim~wiiv †hb mÜ¨vi AÜKvi bvg‡j b`xZx‡i e‡m wegy» fv‡jvevmvq KvjRqx MvqK †ng‡š—i g‡Zv MvB‡Z cv‡iÑ ÔI b`x‡i, GKwU K_v ïavB ïay †Zvgv‡i...Õ| †Mvjvg mviIqvi : m¤úv`K, ˆ`wbK mgKvj

b`x| 135

ˆkk‡ei b`x I wKQz ¯§„wZ Av Av g m Av‡iwdb wmÏxK evsjv‡`k b`xgvZ…K †`k| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Rv‡ji gZ Qwo‡q _vKv b`x¸‡jv Avgiv hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ eënvi Kwi| GB b`x¸‡jv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ˆbmwM©K „k¨‡K bvbvfv‡e mg„× K‡i‡Q| ˆkk‡ei b`xi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Z †M‡j Avgvi

g‡b c‡o †gNbv cvwo w`‡q Avgiv bvbv evwo †hZvg| †gNbv b`x‡Z jÂ Ges †bŠKvq hLb ågY KiZvg ZLb †mB ågY me mgq Avgv‡K wknwiZ KiZ, Avbw›`Z KiZ| Avgvi b`x‡Kw› ªK A‡bK ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e b`x‡Kw› ªK ¯§„wZi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j XvKv †_‡K Lyjbv i‡KU åg‡Yi K_v Avgvi mevi Av‡M g‡b c‡o| i‡K‡U XvKv †_‡K Lyjbv hvIqvi AwfÁZv Avgvi ˆkk‡e Ges cieZx©‡ZI N‡U‡Q| i‡KU ågY GZB Avb›``vqK Ges we‡bv`bg~jK †h Avwg me mgqB ZvwK‡q _vwK KLb Av‡iKevi i‡K‡U XvKv †_‡K Lyjbv hv‡ev A_ev Lyjbv †_‡K XvKvq Avm‡ev| wKš‘ mgq ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y GLb Avi †mfv‡e m¤¢e n‡q I‡V bv| we‡kl K‡i c~wY©gvi iv‡Z b`x‡Z hLb i‡KU wKsev Ab¨‡Kvb Rjhvb GwM‡q hvq ZLb †h cÖvK…wZK „k¨ Avgiv Dc‡fvM Kwi †mUv Avgvi me mgqB g‡b _vK‡e| Avgvi evevi Kg© ’j wQj DËi e‡½| DËi e‡½ hvIqvi mgq wmivRMÄ NvU Ges RMbœv_MÄ NvU cvi nIqvi mgq A‡bK eo RvnvR w`‡q hgybv b`x cvi n‡Z n‡Zv| †mB my›ì RvnvR ågY wKš‘ GL‡bv Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z mRxe n‡q Av‡Q| Rvnv‡R hvIqv, Rvnv‡Ri †W‡K e‡m hgybvi my›ì ˆbmwM©K „k¨ Dc‡fvM Kiv, Rvnv‡R e‡m ˆbk‡fvR KivÑ Gme wKQz Avgvi Rxe‡b gayi ¯§„wZi Ask n‡q Av‡Q| Avi Gme wKQz m¤¢e n‡qwQj †Kbbv ZLb b`x¸‡jv wQj we¯—…Z Ges cÖk¯—| b`xi bve¨Zv Ges MfxiZvi Kvi‡Y eo eo RvnvR b`x¸‡jv‡Z PjvPj K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ GLb wewfbœ Kvi‡Y b`x¸‡jvi be¨Zv Ges MfxiZv K‡g †M‡Q| A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB GLb b`x¸‡jv‡Z Av‡Mi gZ cvwb †`Lv hvq bv| e½eÜz †mZz nIqvi d‡j DËi AÂ‡ji mv‡_ ivRavbxi †hvMv‡hvM A‡bKUv mnR n‡q‡Q| GLb A‡bK Kg mg‡qB Avgiv DËi AÂ‡j †cuŠQ‡Z cvwi| GKUv welq j¶Yxq, e½eÜz †mZzi wb‡P wKš‘ GLb Avi cvwb †`Lv hvq bv| b`x¸‡jv µgvš^‡q †hb g‡i hv‡”Q| b`x mf¨Zvi evnK| b`xi my‡cq cvwb g~jëvb m¤ú`| GB g~jëvb m¤ú‡ì cwigvY Lye Kg| c„w_ex‡Z †gvU mwÂZ cvwbi gvÎ GK Z…Zxqvsk my‡cq cvwb| †mB A‡_© ejv P‡jÑ evsjv‡`k AZ¨š— fvMëvb GKwU †`k| evsjv‡`‡ki b`xi

136| b`x

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b`x| 137

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138| b`x

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b`x| 139

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140| b`x

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b`x| 141

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142| b`x

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b`x| 143

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144| b`x

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b`x| 145

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146| b`x

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150| b`x

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152| b`x

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b`x| 153

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b`x| 159

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160| b`x

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b`x| 161

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162| b`x

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b`x| 163

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b`x| 165

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26 AvM÷ 2010

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170| b`x

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b`x| 171

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172| b`x

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b`x| 173

ˆK‡kv‡ii b`x Avgvi dvi”K Avn‡g` wb‡R‡K GKUv b`x e‡j ivRc‡_ †Q‡o w`BÑ mvivw`b ARmª NUbv GB b`x‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡q mÜ¨vq wM‡q _v‡g, Mfxi iv‡Z wM‡q _v‡g| _v‡g| †hb kvLvb`xi g‡Zv Ab¨ b`x‡Z wg‡j hvq, †hb A‡bK c_ †cwi‡q mgy‡ ªi Zi‡½ gv_v XzwK‡q w`j| Avwg b`x| GiKg j¶ j¶ b`x GKUv †Mvjv‡a© Sz‡j hvq, †Zvgvi †Lvcv †_‡K Pzj †Q‡o w`‡j GB N‡U| G‡KKUv Pzj Kv‡jv we¶zä Rjivwki b`x Qvov wKQyB g‡b nq bv ZLb| †Zvgvi gv_v †Mvjva©, Avgvi eyK b`xÑ Zv‡Z wKfv‡e wg‡j c„w_ex‡Z GZ Awg‡ji we —v‡i †h‡Kvbfv‡eB †nvK ˆK‡kv‡ii b`x‡K A‡š^lY K‡i †eovB, wgj-Awg‡ji †Zvqv°v Kwi bv|

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174| b`x

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b`x| 175

AkÖ” wb‡q ZvKvq Avi Avgv‡K †divi K‡i †cÖwgKviv Avgvi P‡j †M‡Q bv †divi †`‡k|

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176| b`x

Avi Dcnvi wn‡m‡e w`‡q‡Q GKzM”Q cuPv-AveR©bv nq Zzwg g‡i hvI Avi bv nq cvMwjwUi gZ Dj½ n‡q uvwo‡q _v‡Kv iv —vi gvSLv‡b mg — bM‡ii mv‡ne-evey‡ì †`LvI †Zvgvi `yM©Üx †hvwb Avi ey‡K wg‡k hvIqv Kv‡jv ¯—b †hb †Zvgvi †hvwbi Qwo‡q civ `yM©‡Ü ewg Ki‡Z _v‡K gvbyl Avi †Zvgvi —‡bi Kv‡jv AÜKv‡i Wy‡e hvq mg¯— bM

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b`x| 177

†`nR †g‡Ni Kvgbvgv ZvbwRg Bmjvg cyi‡bv wPwV †`Lvi gZb Svcmv †mªvZ¸‡jv KLb Kx K‡i kix‡i D‡V Av‡m KLb Kx K‡i A™¢zZ kã evRvq Kxfv‡e †h b`x evbvq kix‡ii Zj‡`‡k †hŠbZvgyLi wPwV covi wkniY wb‡q †R‡M D‡V dzj †`nR dz‡ji MÜ Ggbfv‡e gvqv evovq †hb kn‡ii gvqvd¨v±ix‡Z †evKv wK‡kv‡ii †Pv‡Li Kuvcb †hb AvnvRvwi K‡i KvM‡Ri isaby ˆZwi nIqv duvKv AvKv‡k isabyi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z AvKv‡ki ìKvi nq Avi AvKv‡ki cwiKíbv †`‡L †`nR †gN †`n‡K e„wó fvivµvš— K‡i Zz‡j †m †gN †`‡ni Af¨š—‡i †`n w`‡q Av‡iK b`x K‡i Zz‡j‡Q cyivZb wPwVi `wj‡jB hvi BwZnvm MZ kZvãx‡Z cÖvPxb fviZe‡l© †h GK dvwj b`x kvmb K‡i‡Q †`nR †g‡Ni Kvgbvgvq...

178| b`x

mgqKvj : cÖv‰MwZnvwmK bvRgyj nK iv‡mj K‡qKRb Aemi _vKv †è`~Z gb¯’ Ki‡jb e½‡`‡k †bŠ åg‡b †ei n‡eb| †`kUv bvwK Lye meyR, Pviw`‡K cvwb, b`x, Rjvfywg| gvbyl b`xi mv‡_ Rwo‡q wb‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K| †hgb fvev †Zgb KvR| †bŠKv ˆZwi K‡i †mªv‡Zi mv‡_ Avc‡Q Mwo‡q iIbv n‡jb wb‡Pi w`‡K| GKUy bvg‡ZB g‡b nj †mªv‡Zi †eM GKUy avZ¯’| ZLb †_‡KB hvÎxiv ïay †d‡j Avmv c‡_i w`‡K AcjK …wó‡Z ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb| A™¢yZ †Pv‡L †`L‡jv b`xi av‡iB gvbyl wKfv‡e mf¨Zv

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b`x| 179

G‡K A‡bï Dc‡i cÖvq ûgwo †L‡jb| wK e¨vcvi! †LuvR wb‡q Rvbv †Mj b`xi Zj‡`k cÖvq fwZ©| †bŠKv wb‡q hveviI c_ †bB| AMZ¨v wK Avi Kiv| †Kvbg‡Z hvÎxMb ïKv‡bv Zj‡`‡ki b`x‡Z †b‡g †V‡jVy‡j †bŠKvwU‡K GKUy Mfxi cvwb‡Z wb‡q Avm‡jb| Zvic‡i nvZ cv ay‡q †bŠKvq D‡V Zv‡ì g¨v‡ci kvc-kvcvš— Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Av‡iKUy G‡Mv‡ZB Zviv †`L‡jb GKwU MÖv‡gi cwiZ¨v³ MÄ| K‡qKRb e‡m ïb¨ …wó‡Z wewo dyK‡Q| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †M‡jb Zviv| Zv‡ì ïb¨`…wói KviY wRÁvwmZ n‡j Rvbv‡jv Zv‡ì MÖv‡g GLb Avi dmj nqbv| b`x‡Z cvwb †bB| eQ‡ii mvZ, AvU gvm b`xi cvwb‡Z _v‡K jeY| †mB cvwb‡Z dmj nq bv| evwK mg‡q †hUyKy nq ZvI eb¨vi cvwb G‡m fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq| b`x cwj c‡i fovU n‡q hv‡”Q| †hUyKy cvwb Av‡m ZvI welv³| †m cvwb‡Z †Kvb gvQ _vK‡Z cv‡ibv| ZvB MÖvg‡K MÖvg †Q‡o †jvKRb M‡Ä hv‡”Q| †bŠKvi hvÎxiv GKUy AvZw¼Z n‡q Pvicv‡k ZvwK‡q †`L‡jb Zv‡ì †mB †d‡j Avmv meyR †h‡bv †Kgb wd‡K n‡q G‡m‡Q| ZvovZvwo K‡i †bŠKvq DV‡jb| eviK‡qK P‡o AvU‡K, †V‡j †V‡j Lyjbv bvgK GKwU eo M‡Äi av‡i Zviv †bŠKvwU †bvOi Kiv‡jb| †mB mvM‡i _vK‡ZB Lyjbvi bvg Zviv ï‡b‡Qb| †`Lvi mva Gov‡bv cvo‡jb bv Zviv| kni fwZ© †jvK| †ewkifvM MÖvg †_‡K Avmv †jvK| Av‡M K…wl, †¶Z KiZ| GLb †KD KvR Ly‡R, †KD knigq Av‡MvQv‡jv fv‡e †e‡o DVv AÆvwjKv evbv‡Z Kvgjv †`q, †KD Kvgjv †`q kni‡K my›ì K‡i mvRv‡bvi gnvcwiKíbvq, †KDev wf¶v K‡i| Zviv Av‡iv gg©vnZ n‡jb G‡nb `kv †`‡L, ïay b`xi Kvi‡b GZ gvby‡li `y‡f©vM †`‡L Zviv `xN©k¦vm Qvo‡jb| nVvr Zv‡ì GKRb j¶ Ki‡jb GB kn‡i `ywU wek¦we`¨vjq Av‡Q| Zviv fve‡jb †mLv‡b hv‡eb| †mLvbKvi wk¶K‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb| wbðqB Zviv G¸‡jv wb‡q fv‡eb| Zviv bv fve‡j Kviv fve‡e? GB b`xB †Zv GB †`k‡K M‡o w`‡q‡Q| GLb b`xi `yive¯’vq Zviv wbðqB wKQy Ki‡eb| †hgb fvev †Zgb KvR| Zviv cÖ_‡g †M‡jb ’vcZ¨ wefv‡M| bqb Ryov‡bv me wWRvBb †`‡L Zviv we‡gvwnZ| my›ì my›ì me wewìs Gi wWRvBb mvwie× K‡i ivLv| †mme wWRvB‡b Avevi cvwb Acwinvh© Ask| Zviv Lywk n‡jb| wbðqB Giv cvwb‡K ¸i”Z¡ †`q Lye bB‡j cvwbi mvg‡b, Avevi b`x‡K mvg‡b †i‡L wewìs evbv‡e †K‡bv? nVvr GK QvÎ G‡m wR‡Ám Kij QvÎÑ Avwg wK †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwi Avcbv‡ì? hvÎxÑ Aek¨B| Avcbviv wbðqB b`x‡K A‡bK ¸i”Ë¡ †`b GBme my›ì wWRvBb evbv‡bvi Rb¨? QvÎÑ Aek¨B| mvg‡b cvwbi wQUv bv _vK‡j Avgv‡ì wWRvBb nq bv|

180| b`x

hvÎxÑ wKš‘ cvwbB hw` bv _v‡K? Avgv‡ì Avmvi c‡_ †Zv †`Ljvg b`x‡Z cvwb †bB, Avevi Rvbjvg GB e½‡`‡kI bvwK cvwbi Afve| QvÎÑ cvwbi e¨ve¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| bB‡j Avgv‡ì wWRvBb my›ì n‡e bv| Avcbviv eis Avgv‡ì wk¶K‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡jb| [GKRb‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i] Dwb Avgv‡ì wk¶K| hvÎxÑ wVK Av‡Q| abëv` Dbviv wKQyUv †e`bv Abyfe Ki‡jb GB †f‡e QvÎiv cvwb, b`x‡K ïaygvÎ Zv‡ì wWRvB‡bi Dcv`vb fv‡e| GB e½‡`k †h b`x‡Kw› ªK †mUv Zviv fvej bv? Z‡e wbðqB wk¶K fv‡jv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| hvÎxÑ m¨vi, †`‡ki b`x‡Kw› ªK Rxebaviv †Zv Avcbv‡ì QvÎ‡ì wWRvB‡b wVK †`Ljvg bv| m¨viÑ b`x‡Kw› ªK Rxebeë ’v w`‡q wWRvBb n‡e †Kb| wWRvBb n‡e AvaywbK| mvg‡b _vK‡e cvwb| K…wÎg cvwbi †dvqviv| hvÎxÑ wKš‘ GB †`k †Zv b`xi Avkxe©v‡` M‡o D‡VwQj, b`x †Kw›`ªK wWRvBb KivUvB GB †`‡ki Rb¨ g½jRbK bq? m¨viÑ Avgiv AvaywbKZvi w`‡K hvw”Q| Avgv‡ì Ab¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ cvj−v w`‡Z nq| †mLv‡b b`x Lvc Lvq bv| Avcwb eis cwiKíbv wefv‡M K_v ejyb| hvÎx-wVK Av‡Q| hvÎxiv Av‡iv gb¶yYœ n‡q cwiKíbv wefv‡Mi w`‡K †M‡jb| †mŠfvM¨µ‡g GK wk¶K‡K Zviv †c‡qI †M‡jb| hvÎxÑ m¨vi| Avcbv‡ì cwiKíbv wefv‡M b`xi e¨venvi KZUv ¸i”Z¡c~Y©? m¨viÑ A‡bK ¸i”Z¡c~Y©| GB †h Avgiv GLb †`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMvi f~wgi cwiKíbv KiwQ, †mLv‡b b`x msi¶‡Yi K_v ejwQ| hvÎxÑ wKš‘ GB †`k †Zv b`x mf¨Zvi †`k| †mLv‡b Avjv`v cvwb cwiKíbv _vK‡e bv? m¨viÑ Zvi wK ìKvi? fywgi g‡a¨B b`x‡K cwiKíbv Kiv n‡e| Avi Avgiv GLb XvKv wb‡q †ewk wPwš—Z| XvKv I Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i wKfv‡e hvbRU Ges knigywLZv †iva Kiv hvq †mwUB ¸i”Z¡c~Y©| hvÎxÑ wKš‘ m¨vi hw` mwVKfv‡e b`x‡K e¨venvi Kiv hvq, b`x‡K jeYv³Zv, Pi cov †_‡K euvPv‡bv hvq, K…wli Rb¨ b`x †_‡K hw` †m‡Pi e¨ve ’v Kiv hvq Zvn‡j †Zv †jvKRb Avi MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i Avm‡e bv| Avi kn‡ii g‡a¨ Lvj, b`x¸‡jv‡K hw` wWRvBb Kivi bv‡g nZ¨v bv Kiv nq Zvn‡j †Zv †mUvI †hvMv‡hvM Gi fv‡jv eë¯’v n‡Z cv‡i| m¨viÑ bv, Zv n‡e bv| Avgv‡ì cvZvj †ij, Dovj †ij Ki‡Z n‡e bB‡j wVK c−vwbs Gi M− vgvi Av‡m bv| GLb I¸‡jvi hyM| Av”Qv Avwg GKUy mwi| Avgv‡K b`x DØv¯‘‡ì wb‡q GKwU wimvP© Kv‡R †h‡Z n‡e|

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hvÎxiv Av‡iv gb¶yYœ n‡jb| Zvn‡j GB †`‡ki †jvKRb wK fyj‡Z e‡m‡Q GB †`k b`xmf¨Zvi GKwU †`k| GB †`‡ki mewKQyB b`x‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| Gfv‡e hw` BwZnvm fy‡j hvq †mB mf¨Zv †Zv aŸsm n‡q hvq| GUv g‡b co‡ZB Z‡ì g‡bi wZ³ fve `~i n‡q Mfxi welYœZvq Av”Qbœ n‡jv| Zviv fve‡jb GB A™¢yZ †`‡k Avi bq| b`x‡K Ggb Ae‡njv‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q `~i mxgvbvq aŸs‡mi Avfvm e‡jB g‡b n‡jv| Zviv Nv‡U wdi‡jb, †bŠKvq DV‡jb evi K‡qK †bŠKv †_‡K †b‡g †V‡j †V‡j AvMv‡jb, K¬vš— kªvš— †`‡n wdi‡jb Zv‡ì †Wivq| Avi GB fyj `k©‡b fiv RvwZi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GQvov †h Avi wKQy Kivi †c‡jb bv Zviv| bvRgyj nK iv‡mj: M‡elK I e −Mvi

182| b`x

b`xiv hLb evRv‡i DV‡e nvwee Bgivb Uvwg©bvj Nv‡U A‡bK¶Y uvwo‡q †bŠKvq DV‡Z bv †c‡i, UvbevRvi Nv‡UB P‡j Avm‡jv mRj| †Vjv‡Vwj K‡i †bŠKvq DV‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡Q bv| ZvQvov AvKv‡k AvR my›ì †RvQbv Av‡Q| kixi I gb K¬vš—| wSiwS‡i evZvmI eB‡Q| Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri Pv‡c Ôwµ‡qwUfÕ gv_v fvi n‡q Av‡Q| mßvn †k‡l ZvB _vK‡Z bv †c‡i k¦ïi evwo‡Z Avmv| wVK k¦ïi evwo †hb bqÑ wVK eD †hb bqÑ b`xi Kv‡Q Avmv| mevB Rv‡b †gŠwgZvi m‡½ Zvi †cÖg K‡i we‡q| GgbwK †gŠwgZvI| Avi †m wb‡RI Zv wek¦vm Ki‡Z fvjev‡m| wKš‘ gvbyl †Zv Zvi Rxe‡b A‡bK wKQyB wek¦vm Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| GBme fv‡jvevmv¸‡jv cÖkœ bv Zzj‡j gvbyl myLx nq, cÖkœ Zzj‡j weeªZ| mRj Aek¨ cÖvqB GB wek¦vmRwbZ fv‡jvevmvi cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nq| †m cÖkœ e‡ovB weeªZKi, †jvKmgv‡R ej‡j nvivwgcbvi `vwe`viI e‡U| wKš‘ nƒ`wc‡Êi kã †Zv ewaiI bv ï‡b _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| mR‡j gv_v‡ZI ZvB †Nv‡iÑ †gŠwgZv‡K †m Kx fv‡jv‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q, bvwK Ab¨ wKQyi Avkvq| †mB Ab¨wKQyUv †Kvb abm¤ú` bq, †Kvb cÖvwß ev fwel¨‡Zi nvZQvwb bq eis G‡Kev‡iB Ab¨wKQy| NUbvUv h‡ZvB mRj fv‡e,Z‡ZvB Mnxb †Mvc‡b jywK‡q ivL‡Z Pvq| Zey Awd‡mi Pvc, wbZ¨ bZzb eª vÛ cÖ‡gvk‡bi AvBwWqv cq`v Kivi K¬vš— PvKzwi, R¨vg-gvbyl mgy‡ ªi KjywlZ Kv‡jv †auvqvi XvKv kni mRj‡K †mB Ab¨wKQyi e¨vcviUv †gv‡UB fzj‡Z †`q bv| mßvnv‡š— wKsev cÖwZ c‡bi w`b Aš—i Aš—i b`xi Kv‡Q Qy‡U Avm‡Z nq Zvi| ZLb †m wb‡R‡K mgc©b K‡i cÖK…Z †cÖwgKvi Kv‡Q| †mw`bI AvR‡Ki g‡ZvB †RvQbv wQj| †Kvb GK Kvi‡Y Uvwg©bvj Nv‡Ui †bŠKv¸‡jv gvwS m‡gZ nvB ZzjwQj| Ni wdiwZ gvbylI wQj Kg| m¤¢eZ †jvW‡kwWs‡qi Kvi‡Y Sjg‡j NvU gwjb wQj| †cÖg K‡i evwo wdi‡Z GKUz †`wi nIqvq †m †gŠwgZv‡K †bŠKvq K‡i NvU cvo K‡i †`qvi cY K‡iwQj| †dv‡b cwiP‡qi ci ZLb ch©š— gvÎ K‡qKevi †`Lv n‡qwQj Zv‡ì| Gi g‡a¨ †gŠwgZv Zvi †cÖ‡g nveyWzey †L‡jI,mR‡ji D‡Ïk¨ GKUz Ab¨B wQj| GB mgvR hv‡K e` D‡Ïk¨ e‡j A‡bKUv †mB iKg| nv‡ZI wQj A‡bK A‡bK weKí| Kíbv, Qwe, bxjv, jvBRy Av‡iv K‡Zv †K...| wKš‘ †mw`‡bi †m kxZj¶¨v, ey‡ov gvwS, Zvi †Lvjv kv‡U©i wfZi w`‡q Sjg‡j †RvQbv‡Z KuvPvcvKv †jvg, †bŠKvi wfZi n¨vwi‡K‡bi wUgwU‡g Av‡jv, b`x‡K j¤^v‡U fv‡e †gŠgvwQ ¸Ä‡b †K‡U Pjv Uªjvi¸‡jvi Dci evjyi wPKwPK cÖwZdjb-me wgwj‡q mR‡ji †fZi †_‡K KvD‡K ej‡Z eva¨ K‡iwQj †m †gŠwgZv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z

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Pvq| †mw`b †gŠwgZv‡K h‡ZvUv †gvngqx, my›ì †j‡MwQj mR‡jiÑ Av‡M KL‡bv GZ my›ìx jv‡Mwb, fwel¨‡ZI jvM‡e bv| †Kej †gŠwgZv †Kb c„w_exi †Kvb bvix‡KB jvM‡e bv wKsev jv‡Mwb| Rxe‡b †Kej GKeviB GK Kwe eÜz‡K †m GB K_v Ly‡j ej‡Z †c‡iwQj| me ï‡b eÜz D`vm n‡q cÖK…Z Kwei g‡ZvB e‡jwQj, †Zvi †bkv jvMwQj †`v¯—, b`xi †bkv, kxZj¶¨v †èxi †bkv| ZzB‡Zv †gŠwgZv‡K we‡q Kwimwb, kxZj¶¨v b`x‡K we‡q K‡iwQm| GLb b`x †Zvi Kv‡Q eD‡qi AwaKvi Pv‡e| †Zvi Ny‡i wd‡i b`xi Kv‡Q †h‡Z n‡e| †m· Ki‡Z n‡e| e‡j †m †nv †nv K‡i †n‡mwQj| mRj Zv‡Z aŸs‡mi AvIqvR ïb‡Z †c‡qwQj †mw`b| KviY b`xi g‡Zv enZv †Kvb wKQyi †cÖ‡g cov gv‡b †Zv Pj‡Ki †cÖ‡g cov, KL‡bvB w¯’i bq| KL‡bvB Ni euvav bq| Gi gv‡b Zvi wµ‡qwUf Rxeb Av‡iv Aw ’i n‡q IVvÑ nuvmdvm Kiv-evqexq jvk n‡q †div| 2 b`x cvi Kivi Rb¨ Nv‡U y‡Uv gvÎ †bŠKv Av‡Q GLb| GB NvUUv †Zgb RgRgvU bq| wQj GKmgq RggvU nq‡Zv, hLb UvbevRvi cwZZvjq miMig wQj| ZLb Gi m‡½ mR‡ji cwiPq wQj bv| †mB †h b`xi wbkv jvMv ivwÎi Av‡M ch©š— c„w_exi †Kvb b`xi m‡½B Zvi cwiPq wQj bv| †ebm‡bi c¨v‡KU †_‡K GKUv wmMv‡iU aivq †m| Nv‡Ui GKUv †bŠKv fwZ© n‡q Av‡Q Mv‡g©›Um kÖwgK‡ì fv‡i| Aci †bŠKvi Kv‡Q wM‡q NvU †c‡iv‡bvi Rb¨ wiRvf© K‡i wbj †m| fve‡jv wejvwmZv wK wVK n‡”Q? PvKzwiUv wK _vK‡e AvMvwg gv‡m? hv _v‡K Kcv‡j, GLb Ime fve‡ev bv| †Kej AvMvwg wgwbU we‡kK fvjevm‡ev b`x‡K, hvi kixwi iƒc Avgvi eD| gvbyl wK Z‡e kixi‡KB fvjev‡m? †kl ch©š— gv-evev-†evb-fvB-¯¿x mevi fv‡jvevmvi ’vb Kx kix‡iB VuvB Lyu‡R cvq! GKUv Av`‡j! GKUv Pjš— e¯‘‡Z!Ñ mR‡ji fvebvq †bŠKv G‡Mvq| †hb Zvi fvebvB kxZj¶¨vi Rj | †K‡U Pj‡Q QB †Zvjv †bŠKv| nvq kxZj¶¨v †Zvgvi †Zv Pzj †bB, Zey †Kb †Zvgvi Pzj Nvg Avgv‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Q| mRj fve‡Z _v‡K| gy‡L wmMv‡iU cyo‡Z _v‡K| b`x‡Z †ek †mªvZ _vKvq gvwS‡K `w¶Y w`‡K †ek LvwbKUv c_ †h‡Z n‡”Q| ~‡i cvo †`Lv hv‡”Q| mR‡ji Mš—e¨| gvwSi `vo Uvbvq ûcnvc kã n‡”Q| †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z Zvi †ek Kó n‡”Q| c„w_exi me †ckvB K‡ói| AvcvZ „wó‡Z Zvi †ckvB me‡P‡q mnR| A¨vWdv‡g©i wµ‡qwUf wnmv‡e KvR Kiv| wbZ¨ eª vwÛs‡qi AvBwWqv †ei Kiv| weÁvcb †jLv| †k−vMvb ˆZwi Kiv| Gme †Kej Av½y‡ji KvR| gvwSi g‡Zv

184| b`x

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†mLv‡b Aek¨ †K›`Öxq miKv‡ii n¯—‡¶‡cB Gi mgvavb n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ `ywU Avjv`v †`‡ki †¶‡Î mgvavbUv wbQK KvwiMwi ch©v‡q _v‡K bv| ivR‰bwZK wm×v‡š—i cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKUv DBb-DBb wmPz‡qk‡bi Rb¨ me c¶‡KB GK‡Î KvR Ki‡Z nq, †Kvb †Kvb e¨vcv‡i QvoI w`‡Z nq| †kL †ivKb: we‡iva †gUv‡Z wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ Pzw³ I mg‡SvZv n‡Z †`wL Avgiv| †mw`KUvq hw` GKUz Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡ZbÑ AvBbyb wbkvZ: BwZnvm NuvU‡j b`xi cvwb wb‡q A‡bK weev`B †`Lv hv‡e| hyM hyM a‡i bvbv Pzw³I n‡q‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni AvK©vBf‡m K‡qK nvRvi `wjj cvIqv hv‡e| b`xi cvwb wb‡q Pzw³¸‡jv‡K wZbwU e−‡K fvM Kiv hvqÑ †bŠ PjvPj msµvš—, cvwb `~lY ev ¸YMZ gvb I cvwb eÈb msµvš—| Gi g‡a¨ †bŠ PjvPj msµvš— Pzw³ me‡P‡q cÖvPxb| nvRvi eQi Av‡MI †`Lv hv‡e, wewfbœ ivR¨ ev miKvi G ai‡bi Pzw³ K‡i‡Q| †ejwRqv‡gi GbUzqvUc© e›ì eënviKvix me RvnvR‡K nj¨v‡Ûi †fZi w`‡q Avm‡Z nq| Avš—R©vwZK Pzw³ Abyhvqx nj¨vÛ evav w`‡Z cv‡i bv| †`kwU‡K eb¨v wbqš¿Y eë¯’vI e`‡j †dj‡Z n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z †ejwRqv‡gi †bŠ cwienb ¶wZMÖ¯— bv nq| ivBb b`x ZxieZx© Rvg©vwb, d«vÝ, †ejwRqvg, jy‡·gevM©, myBRvij¨v‡Ûi g‡aÏ †bŠ PjvPj Pzw³ Av‡Q| `vwbqye b`x ZxieZx© †`k ivwkqv, eyj‡Mwiqv, †PK cÖRvZš¿ I Rvg©vwbi g‡a¨ †bŠ PjvPj Pzw³ Av‡Q| Gme Pzw³i g~jK_v n‡”Q, †Kvb †`k Ggb wKQy Ki‡e bv, hv‡Z A‡bï †bŠ PjvPj e¨vnZ nq| eis G‡¶‡Î G‡K Aci‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e| GKUv RvnvR Av‡gwiKv †_‡K iIbv w`‡q Zvi gvjvgvj Bsj¨v‡Ûi †Kvb †cv‡U© bvwg‡q ev‡R© K‡i IB gvjvgvj Bsj¨v‡Ûi Av‡iK cv‡k G‡b Av‡Mi Rvnv‡RB bUi‡Wg †cv‡U©i †fZi w`‡q `vwbqye cv‡ii ey v‡c÷ ev Ab¨ †Kvb kn‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| †kL †ivKb: †bŠ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cvi¯•vwiK mn‡hvwMZvi Ggb mî¢vebv †Zv fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki g‡aÏ Av‡Q| AvBbyb wbkvZ: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki KZ©ve¨w³iv Ggb m¤¢vebv‡K cy‡ivcywi Ae‡njv K‡i‡Qb| †`k wefv‡Mi ciI, 1965 mvj ch©š— GKwU RvnvR Avmvg †_‡K Kqjv ev Pv wb‡q KjKvZv e›`‡i †hZ Ges †mLvb †_‡K mvgMÖx wb‡q Avmvg †hZ| c‡_ coZ ewikvj, Puv`cyi, †Mvqvj›`, AvwiPv, wmivRMÄ, wPjgvix, †MŠnvwU, cvÊz| GB e›ì¸‡jv †_‡K gvjvgvj DVvbvgv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z RvnvR GwM‡q †hZ| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ci cvwK —vbI G eë ’v mvm‡cÛ K‡i| Gici 1972 mv‡j GwU Pvjy Kiv nq| ZLb †evSvcov n‡qwQj, evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q gvj cwien‡bi Rb¨ fviZ iqvjwU †`‡e Ges †bŠc_ Pvjy ivLvi hveZxq LiP

b`x| 191

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192| b`x

†¶‡Î cvwbi ¸YMZ gvb| ivBb †_‡K `vwbqy‡e Avš—t‡`kxq †bŠ PjvP‡ji eë ’vI i‡q‡Q| †gKO b`x wb‡qI †eBwRs Pv‡”Q †bŠhvb †hb wf‡qZbvg †_‡K K‡¤^vwWqv, jvIm n‡q Px‡b †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j wm½vcyi †_‡K Px‡bi c~e©vs‡k gvj cwienb A‡bK mnR I m¯—v n‡q hv‡e| †m †¶‡Î cwi‡ekMZ wKQy Amyweav Av‡Q| †bŠ PjvP‡ji Rb¨ b`xi MfxiZv evov‡Z n‡e| Avevi IB b`x‡Z hw` Rjwe`y¨‡Zi Rb¨ W¨vg ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j †bwf‡Mkb jK‡M‡Ui eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z RvnvR cvi n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| †kL †ivKb: Z…Zxq ai‡bi Pzw³ †evanq cvwb eÈb wb‡q? AvBbyb wbkvZ: evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î GUv LyeB cÖvmw½K| DRv‡bi †`k hw` cvwb Zz‡j †bq, Zvn‡j fvwUi †`k ¶wZMÖ — n‡Z cv‡iÑ DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j jeYv³Zv evo‡Z cv‡i, ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g †bŠ PjvPj e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i, cÖwZ‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ bó n‡Z cv‡i| †m †¶‡Î cvwb eÈ‡bi KZ¸‡jv c×wZ Av‡Q| GLb †_‡K GKk-†òk eQi Av‡M †gw·‡Kv I hy³iv‡óªi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z wiIMÖv‡Û I K‡jvi¨v‡Wv b`xi cvwb eÈ‡bi welqwU Avgiv †`L‡Z cvwi| Zviv IB mg‡qB wnmve K‡i †`‡L‡Q, b`x‡Z mviv eQi Kx cwigvY cvwb _v‡K| †mLvb †_‡K Zviv wba©viY K‡i‡Q, †gw·‡Kvi fvM KZUzKz Avi Av‡gwiKvi fvM KZUzKz| wKš‘ †h‡nZz DRvbUv hy³iv‡óª, †gw·‡Kvi cÖvc¨ cvwb Zviv †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv ûfvi W¨vgmn wewfbœ W¨vg ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †gw·‡Kv c‡bi w`b Av‡M †bvwUk †`q| W¨vg †_‡K cvwb †Q‡o w`‡q eW©v‡i wb‡q G‡m Av‡gwiKv †gw·‡Kv‡K cvwb eywS‡q †`q| bxj b‡ì †¶‡Î fvwUi †`k wgki A‡bK kw³kvjx| †mLv‡bI cwigv‡Yi wfwË‡Z fvMvfvwM n‡q‡Q| A_©vr my`vb KZUv cvwb †b‡e, wgki KZUv †b‡e, †mUv wba©vwiZ| Uªv‡RwW n‡”Q, AvgivB †Kej cvwb fvM KiwQ ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi wnmv‡e| Ges cÖev‡ni wnmv‡e mviv eQ‡ii cvwb wb‡q mvgwMÖK wPš—vfvebv Avgiv Ki‡Z cvwiwb| Ges GLbI KiwQ bv| hviv GB eÈb cÖwµqvi `vwq‡Z¡ Av‡Qb ev wQ‡jb, Zv‡ì g‡aÏ G wel‡q cwi®‹vi wPš—v-fvebv †`wLwb| †kL †ivKb: Awfbœ b`xi eënvi wb‡q wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i evB‡i Avš—R©vwZK †Kvb AvBb ev Kb‡fbkb i‡q‡Q wK? AvBbyb wbkvZ: cvwb eÈb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ 1966 mv‡j †njwmswK i”jm cÖYxZ nq| GwU B›Uvib¨vkbvj j G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi D‡`¨v‡M cÖYxZ nq| GB G‡mvwm‡qkb GKwU †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb| Zv‡ì cÖYxZ dg©yjvi †Kvb AvBbMZ wfwË †bB| †mLv‡b cvwb fvMvfvwMi †ek wKQy dg©yjv i‡q‡Q| ytLRbK n‡”Q, Gm‡ei GKwUI evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ hvq bv| Gi cÖavb KviY

b`x| 193

Avgiv b`xi †kl mxgvbvq, AeevwnKvi †gvnbv‡Z Aew¯’Z †QvÆ GKwU †`k| GKwU b`xi KZ Ask †Kvb †`‡k cÖevwnZ, †m Abycv‡Z cvwb fvMvfvwM n‡Z cv‡i; †Kvb †`‡k KZUv e„wócvZ nq, †m Abycv‡Z fvM n‡Z cv‡i; †Kvb †`‡ki RbMY b`xUvi Ici KZUzKz wbf©ikxj, †m Abycv‡ZI fvM n‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j †Zv Avgv‡ì cÖavb b`x¸‡jvi 90 kZvsk cvwb fvi‡Zi n‡q hvq! Z‡e fvwUi †`‡kiI i¶vKeP Av‡Q †njwmswK i”j‡mÑ GK †`k Av‡iK †`‡ki mvgvb¨ ¶wZ ev A¨vwcÖwk‡qej nvg© ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUvB c‡i, 1997 mv‡j BDGb Kb‡fbkb Ab bb-†bwf‡Mkbvj BD‡Rm Ae B›Uvib¨vkbvj IqvUvi †Kv‡m©m-G wjwce× nq| Z‡e Gev‡i †njwmswK i”j‡mi A¨vwcÖwk‡qej kãUvi e`‡j wmMwbwd‡K›U nvg© eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GI ejv n‡q‡Q, cvwbi `vwe`vi c¶¸‡jv QvovI b`xi wbR¯^ wKQy Pvwn`v Av‡Q| IB cvwb cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e 1997 mv‡j G cÖ‡qvRb wPwýZ nq| Gi AvM ch©š— b`x‡K G‡Kev‡i ïwK‡q †d‡j cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi wPš—vfvebv n‡q‡Q| cvwK —v‡b wmÜz b`xi cvwb 1992 mv‡j PviwU cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ fvM n‡q‡Q| Zviv b`xi cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v g‡b iv‡Lwb| GLb fvi‡Z Kv‡eix ev K…òv b`xi Avš—tcÖ‡`kxq fvMvfvwM wb‡q †h wPš—vfvebv n‡”Q, †mLv‡b b`xi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †ewk ¸i”Z¡ cv‡”Q| AeevwnKvi wbR¯^ Pvwn`v, jeYv³Zv †iva, cÖwZ‡ek i¶vi wPš—vfvebvI ¸i”Z¡ cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k b`xi wbR¯^ Pvwn`v A_©vr B-†d¬vÕi Pvwn`vB cÖavb Pvwn`v| DcK‚‡ji jeYv³Zv †iv‡a DRv‡bi cvwbB GKgvÎ m¤^j| †kL †ivKb: cvwb eÈb msµvš— we‡iva †gUv‡bvi †¶‡Î Gme i”jm I Kb‡fbkb KZUv Kvh©Ki? AvBbyb wbkvZ: cvwb eÈ‡bi †¶‡Î wewfbœ †`k †h `„wófw½ jvjb K‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| cÖ_gwU‡K ejv nq WKwUªb Ae A¨vemwjDU †Uwi‡Uvwiqvj mf‡iwbwU| G‡Z DRv‡bi †`k g‡b K‡i, Avgvi †`‡k hv Av‡Q me Avgvi| GUvi cÖe³v wQ‡jb nvg©vb bv‡gi GK gvwK©b A¨vUwb© †Rbv‡ij| †h Kvi‡Y Gi Av‡iK bvg nvg©vb WKwUªªb| Aek¨ c‡i Av‡gwiKv wb‡RB GUv †_‡K m‡i G‡m‡Q| KviY Av‡gwiKv †gw·‡Kvi DRv‡bi †`k n‡jI KvbvWvi fvwU‡Z| IB WKwUª‡b †gw·‡Kvi Kv‡Q myweav †c‡jI KvbvWvi Kv‡Q gvi Lv‡e| fviZI Avgv‡ì †¶‡Î †h hyw³ †`q, †bcv‡ji †¶‡Î †mUv †`q bv| Avgiv fviZ‡K †h hyw³ †`B, fviZ †bcvj‡K †mB hyw³ †`q| eªþcyÎ wb‡q Pxb‡K †evaKwi fviZ ZvB K‡i| wØZxqwU n‡”Q WKwUªb Ae A¨vemwjDU †Uwi‡Uvwiqvj BbwUwMÖwU| G‡Z fvwUi †`k g‡b K‡i, Abvw`Kvj †_‡K †h cÖevn P‡j Avm‡Q Zv †KD Kgv‡Z cvi‡e bv| wgki G WKwUªb PP©v Ki‡Z Pvq| DRv‡bi DMvÛv, †Kwbqv, gvjvwe,

194| b`x

Avj‡Rwiqv I my`vb‡K (†gvU 10wU †`k) bxj b` †_‡K cvwb Zzj‡Z w`‡”Q bv Kvq‡iv| 2005 mv‡j G‡m Zviv Aek¨ GKgZ n‡q‡Q †h, mevB wg‡j cvwb eë¯’vcbvi KvR nv‡Z †b‡e| myZivs G `y‡Uv WKwUªb ïaygvÎ ZË¡, eënvwiK wfwË †bB| GLv‡bI A‡bK‡K ej‡Z ïwb, evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q HwZnvwmKfv‡e †h cwigvY cvwb cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q, †mUv Avgv‡ì w`‡Z n‡e| G hyw³ †av‡c wUK‡e bv| Av‡iKwU WKwUªb n‡”Q b`x AeevwnKvi me †`k wg‡j Awfbœ eë ’vcbv M‡o Zzj‡eÑ WKwUªb Ae †Kv-ivB‡cwiqvb Kvw›UªR A_ev Kgb c−vUdg©| `w¶Y Avwd«Kv I evZ‡mvqvbv Ges `w¶Y Avwd«Kv I †mvqvwRj¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨ GwU m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv G cwiKíbvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| DRvb-fvwUi me cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z †g‡U, †mRb¨ AeevwnKvi me †`k GK mv‡_ AeevwnKvwfwËK cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Q| †gKO b`xi †¶‡Î 1995 mvj †_‡K †mB j‡¶¨ KvR Kiv n‡”Q| IB AeevwnKvi QqwU †`‡ki g‡a¨ PviwU GKm‡½ KvR Ki‡QÑ wf‡qZbvg, jvIm, K‡¤^vwWqv I _vBj¨vÛ| Ab¨ `ywU †`k nj Pxb I wgqvbgvi; Pxb GLb Nwbófv‡e GKv‡R mshy³| Avš—tcÖ‡`‡k Ggb eë¯’v Pvjyi Rb¨ fviZ †Póv Ki‡Q, Av‡gwiKv †Póv Ki‡Q, A‡÷ªwjqv †Póv Ki‡Q| Zviv †gvUvgywU mdjI n‡q‡Q| †klwU n‡”Q WKwUªb Ae †bv nvg©| A_©vr AeevwnKvi cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡kiB cvwb eënvi Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q| Zviv †h‡nZz GKm‡½ Dbœqb Kg©KvÊ nv‡Z wb‡Z cvi‡Q bv, GKv GKv KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e; wKš‘ KviI ¶wZ bv K‡i| †h c¶ g‡b Ki‡e, A‡bï Kv‡R Zvi ¶wZ n‡”Q, Zv‡K †m `vwe cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| DRv‡bi †`‡kiI `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q, fvwUi †`‡ki †Kvb mgm¨v n‡”Q wKbv †Lqvj ivLv| †kL †ivKb: G‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Kxfv‡e G¸‡”Q? AvBbyb wbkvZ: GK mgq fviZ GKUv K_v ejZ †h, †Zvgvi cvwbi AskUv Av‡M wbw ©ó Kwi, Zvici Avgvi fv‡Mi AskUv wb‡q †be| 1951 mv‡j M½vi cvwb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ïi” nIqv †_‡K 1974-75 mvj ch©š— Zviv GB K_v e‡j‡Q| Awfbœ b`x¸‡jv †_‡K Avgv‡ì KZUzKz cvwb cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wb‡q Aek¨ wØav-Ø›Ø Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì ¶wZ KZUv n‡”Q, †mUv wbiƒc‡YI h‡_ó ye©jZv Av‡Q| ¶wZ wbY©q Ki‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡ì †h cwigvY Z_¨-DcvË cÖ‡qvRb, †m¸‡jv cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| Av‡iKwU e¨vcvi, g~jZ fvi‡Zi m‡½B Avgv‡ì mxgvš— i‡q‡Q| Awfbœ b`x AeevwnKvi Ab¨vb¨ †`kÑ †bcvj, fzUvb, Px‡bi m‡½ Avgv‡ì mivmwi mxgvš— †bB| fvi‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡ì †QvU bvjv-b`x A‡bK| 54wU ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q Awfbœ b`x wn‡m‡e| Gi g‡a¨ 2-3wU evsjv‡`‡k Drcbœ n‡q fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| evwK 50wUi g‡Zv fviZ †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Gi evB‡i

b`x| 195

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196| b`x

Av‡jvPbv ïi” nq 1982-†Z| Avi eªþcyÎ Av‡jvPbvq G‡mwQj 1974 m‡b| M½v wb‡q cuvP `dv Pzw³ n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ evwK¸‡jvi †¶‡Î †Kvb AMÖMwZ †bB| evwK 45wU b`x wb‡q †Kvb Av‡jvPbvB †bB| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e b`x welqK Av‡jvPbv ev mg‡SvZvi wZbwU aviv Av‡QÑ †bŠ PjvPj, cvwb `~lY I cvwb eÈb| fviZ-evsjv‡`‡k wZb aviv‡ZB Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z cv‡i| evowZ Av‡iKwU welq nj b`x fvOb| mxgvš— eë¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î b`x fvOb cÖwZ‡iva LyeB ¸i”Z¡c~Y©| cvwbeÈb cwiw¯’wZi K_v †Zv Av‡MB ejjvg| `yÕ†`‡k †bŠ PjvPj 1965 ch©š— Pvjy wQj| Gici AvgivB eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ| 1972 †_‡K Pj‡Q wKš‘ A¨vWnK wfwË‡Z| `xN©‡gqvw` †Kvb wPš—v-fvebvi wfwË‡Z Pj‡Q bv e‡jB g‡b nq| g~j e¨vcvi wQj, Avgv‡ì †bŠc_ eënv‡ii Rb¨ fviZ iq¨vjwU †`‡e Ges †bŠc_ Pvjy ivLvi LiP †`‡e| wKš‘ wbivcËvi ayqv Zz‡j G m¤¢vebv‡K bó K‡i †`qv n‡”Q| fviZ †_‡K †h cvwb Av‡m, Zvi ¸YMZ gvb Avgiv Rvwb bv| welqwU we‡ePbvi mgq G‡m‡Q| A_P Avgv‡ì †`k †_‡K hvIqv cvwbi gvb †Kgb, †mUv wb‡q fvi‡Zi gv_ve¨_v †lvjAvbv| Kzwóqvi Kv‡Q GKUv myMvi wgj †_‡K †h eR¨© †djv nq, Zv‡Z fvi‡Zi P~bx b`x `~wlZ nq| G wb‡q fviZ eivei AvcwË Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| Avi mxgvš— b`x fvOb eë ’vcbv me‡P‡q mnR| hy³ivóª I †gw·‡Kv †mUv mdjfv‡eB K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì †¶‡Î †mUv `„óvš— n‡Z cv‡i| †kL †ivKb: ïay M½vi cvwbeÈb wb‡q Avgiv K‡qK `kK Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| cuvP `dv Pzw³i ciI cÖZ¨vkvg‡Zv cvwb cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| êV‡Ki ci êVK n‡jI Awfbœ AviI 53wU b`xi cvwbeÈb wb‡q †Kvb AMÖMwZ †bB| Avgiv †hb GK †MvjKauvavq AvU‡K †MwQ| Gi KviY Kx? AvBbyb wbkvZ: we‡klÁiv fviZ-evsjv‡`k cvwbeÈb mgm¨v‡K K‡qKwU e−‡K fvM K‡i‡Qb Ges Zviv GUv K‡i‡Qb ivR‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K| †eb †µv bv‡gi GKRb we‡klÁ GUv‡K cuvPwU e−‡K fvM K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g e−K 1951 †_‡K 1972 mvj| Gici 1972 †_‡K 1975, 1976 †_‡K 1981, 1981 †_‡K 1988-89 I Gikv` cieZ©x mgq| A_©vr (1) ¯vaxbZvi c~e©eZ©x cvwK¯—vb wcwiqW, (2) bZzb †`‡ki cÖ_g Aa¨vq, (3) wRqvi kvmbvgj, (4) Gikv‡ì kvmbvgj Ges (5) MYZvwš¿K miKv‡ii AvMgY| GUv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q wKQy welq ¯úó nq| Avwg mgm¨vwU‡K QqwU †dB‡R fvM Ki‡Z PvB| cÖ_g †dBR 1951 †_‡K 1974-Gi †g gvm ch©š—| wØZxq †dBR 1974 †_‡K 77 mv‡j cÖ_g M½v Pzw³ ^v¶i ch©š—| cÖ_g M½v Pzw³‡K Av‡iKwU †dBR ai‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Zvi Kvh©Kvj 1977 †_‡K 1981 ch©š—| PZz_© †dBR nj Gikv‡ì kvmbvgj ev 1981 †_‡K 1988

b`x| 197

mvj| cÂg †dBR n‡”Q Gikv` Avg‡ji †kl w`b¸‡jv †_‡K wØZxq M½v Pzw³ ¯^v¶i ch©š— ev 1988 †_‡K 1996| lô ch©vq ïi” 1996 mv‡ji Pzw³i ci| cuvP `dv Pzw³ n‡jI M½vi cvwb eÈb welqwUi wb®úwË n‡q †M‡Q g‡b Kivi KviY †bB| 1996 mv‡j Pzw³‡ZB wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Ab¨ b`x¸‡jvi cvwb eÈ‡bi welq| M½v Bmy ‡Z Aa©kZvãx a‡i GZ êVK n‡q‡Q †h, †mUvB GKUv BwZnvm| Av‡jvPbvi cÖwµqv †Lqvj Ki‡jB Avgiv yB cÖwZ‡ekxi g‡a¨Kvi RwUjZv eyS‡Z cvie| GUv Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ `xN© mgq cÖ‡qvRb| G cwim‡i we¯—…Z Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM Av‡Q wK? †kL †ivKb: †Kvb mgm¨v †bB| Avgiv Bmy¨wU cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q we¯—vwiZfv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB| AvBbyb wbkvZ: cÖ_g †dBR n‡”Q 1951 †_‡K 1974 mv‡ji †g ch©š—| GUv ïi” n‡qwQj cvwK —vb Avg‡j| ZLb fviZwe‡ivax g‡bvfve cÖej wQj| wKš‘ c~e© cvwK¯—vb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k n‡q hvIqvi ciI GKB avivq Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z jvMj| Gme †¶‡Î GKwU bZzb †`‡ki `k©b †Kgb nIqv DwPZ, †m wel‡q ivRbxwZK‡ì wPš—vfvebvi GKvš— Afve wQj| Zviv cvwK —vb Avg‡ji †jvK‡ìB `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨| Zviv cÖ_‡g ej‡jb, me †`k wg‡j mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e| fviZ we‡ivax g‡bvfve µgk Pvov w`‡q DVwQj| fviZ ejj, †Zvgv‡ì GZ cvwbi ìKvi †bB| GLv‡b GKUv e¨vcvi Av‡Q| b`x‡Z ïK‡bv I el©v †gŠmy‡g cvwbi cv_©K¨ A‡bK| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g hw` 1 jvL wKD‡mK cvwb _v‡K, el©vq †mUv ùvovq 15-16 jvL wKD‡m‡K| fviZ Mo wnmve K‡i ejj, †Zvgvi †Zv cÖPzi cvwb| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 1974 mv‡ji †g gv‡m `yÕ†`‡ki miKvicÖavb êV‡K wgwjZ n‡jb| Zvi Av‡M cÖwZwU wgwUs‡q fviZ e‡j‡Q, dviv°v Pvjyi Av‡MB cvwbeÈb Pzw³ P‚ovš— Kie| 1972-G `yÕ†`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi wm×v‡š—, 25 eQ‡ii ˆgÎx Pzw³‡Z, †hŠ_ b`x Kwgk‡bi Kvh©µ‡g GKB K_v ejv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †g gv‡m Zviv ejjÑ `yÕ†`‡ki cvwbi hv Pvwn`v, Zv cÖvc¨Zvi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| Zvi gv‡b, cvwbcÖevn evov‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ uvovj, cÖevn Kxfv‡e evov‡bv hvq? Avgiv †bcv‡j b`xi DRv‡b Rjvavi wbg©v‡Yi K_v ejjvg, AsK K‡l eywS‡q w`jvg| fviZ †evSvj, dviv°vi DRv‡b Kx n‡”Q Zv Avgv‡ì †evSvi ìKvi †bB| A_©vr AeevwnKvUv ïi”B nj dviv°v †_‡K| ejjÑ †bcvj †Zv Z…Zxq †`k, eis eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Avbv †nvK| Avgiv ejjvg, M½vi mgm¨v M½v‡ZB mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e, eªþcy‡Îi mgm¨v eªþcy‡Î| Avš—R©vwZK wbqg nj GK AeevwnKv †_‡K Av‡iKUvq cvwb Avb‡Z †M‡j †`Lv‡Z n‡e, IB AeevwnKvq cvwb ch©vß bq| Ges Ab¨ AeevwnKv‡Z cvwb DØ„Ë Av‡Q| `yÕ†`‡ki †bZv †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb GKUv †hŠ_ cÖ¯—ve cÖYq‡bi| Avgv‡ì †bcvj cÖ¯—v‡e

198| b`x

fviZ ivwR nj bv| Avgiv ivwR n‡Z cvijvg bv, mwVK Kvi‡YB, eªþcyÎ‡Z nvZ w`‡Z| Av‡jvPbvq †h APjve¯’v m„wó nj Zv AvRI Kv‡Uwb| †kL †ivKb: Gici †Zv 1975 mvj| evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK „k¨cU cv‡ë †Mj IB eQi| Avevi M½vq wbwg©Z dviv°v e¨vivRI Pvjy Kiv n‡qwQj| AvBbyb wbkvZ: G Kvi‡YB Avwg †mB mgq †_‡K Av‡iKwU †dBR ai‡Z PvB| 1975 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m fviZ †NvlYv Kij, dviv°v e¨vivR Kgwc−U; GUv cix¶vg~jKfv‡e Pvjy Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| 21 GwcÖj †_‡K 31 †g †gvU 41 w`b Uªvqvj ivb †`qvi GKUv mg‡SvZv nj| GUv nj cÖ_g Pzw³ hv GKwU †cÖm wiwj‡R mxgve× wQj| A_©vr w`K wb‡q †gv‡UB fvev nqwb| †cÖm wiwj‡R fviZ ejj, G‡Z evsjv‡`‡k Kx weiƒc cÖfve c‡o Zv Zviv †`L‡e| †hŠ_ KwgwUI MwVZ nj| ejv nj, 1976 mv‡j cieZx© êVK n‡e| wKš‘ cuPvË‡ii 15 AvM÷ e½eÜy wbnZ n‡jb| G‡K fviZxq ivR‰bwZK †bZviv wech©qKi g‡b Ki‡jb| Avgvi aviYv, GLbI Zviv g‡b K‡ib, e½eÜz nZ¨vKvÊ evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKi †Zv e‡UBÑ fvi‡Zi cÖwZ wek¦vmNvZKZv| G Kvi‡Y Zviv 76 mvj †_‡K Avš—R©vwZK wbqgbxwZi †Zvqv°v bv K‡i GKZidv cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi ïi” Kij| evsjv‡`k eva¨ nj RvwZms‡N †h‡Z| wKš‘ †mLv‡b †M‡jB †Zv cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ n‡e bv| GKUv KwgwUi gva¨‡g †h‡Z nq| IB KwgwU‡K evsjv‡`k Zvi Awf‡hvM Rvbvj| IB KwgwUi †Kvb †`k †Kb ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bqwb, †mUv eyS‡Z n‡e| Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bqvi g‡Zv A‡bK †`kB _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ GKB m‡½ fvi‡Zi wec‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bqvi g‡Zv †Kvb †`k †bB| 71 mv‡j hviv Avgv‡ì wewfbœfv‡e Ges Acwimxgfv‡e mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q, 76-G Zv‡ì wei”‡× Awf‡hvMB ev KZLvwb MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b? BwZg‡a¨ fvi‡ZI ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU cwieZ©b nj| Zviv RvwZms‡N ejj, Avgiv wØcvw¶K Av‡jvPbvq em‡Z PvB| RvwZmsNI ejj, wØcvw¶Kfv‡e mgm¨vi mgvavb bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡ì Rvbv‡Z| Av‡jvPbv ïi” nj Ges 77 mv‡j cuvP eQi †gqvw` GKwU Pzw³ nj| IB Pzw³B Avgvi we‡ePbvq Z…Zxq †dB‡Ri ïi” Ges GUv nj wØZxq Pzw³| †kL †ivKb: 1977 mv‡ji Pzw³ †Zv GLbI A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖksmbxq| we‡klZ 96 mv‡j †h M¨vivw›U K¬R wQj bv, †mUv IB Pzw³‡Z wQj| ì KlvKwl‡Z evsjv‡`k †ek myweav Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj e‡jI g‡b Kiv n‡q _v‡K| AvBbyb wbkvZ: Avgvi g‡Z, 1977 Gi Pzw³ gvivZœKfv‡e µzwUc~Y©| †Kej M¨vivw›U K¬R †`L‡j n‡e bv| KviY G ai‡bi Pzw³ KLbI cuvP eQi †gqvw` n‡Z cv‡i bv| A‡bï m¤úwËi †gqv`wfwËK fvov n‡Z cv‡i| Awfbœ m¤úwËi

b`x| 199

fvMvfvwM‡Z †gqv` wK‡mi? 77 mv‡ji Pzw³i wZbwU Ask Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ, cvwb fvMvfvwMi dgy©jv I Gi Mïvw›UÑ dviv°v c‡q‡›U b~¨bZg KZ cvwb _vK‡Z n‡e †mUv| wØZxqZ, M½vq cÖevn e„w×i cÖ —ve| evsjv‡`k cÖ —ve w`j, Avgiv cÖevn evov‡bvi Rb¨ †bcv‡ji Kv‡Q cÖ¯—ve Kie| fviZ †hb Pzw³i g‡a¨ †bcvj‡K c¶ wn‡m‡e †g‡b †bq| Zviv †g‡b wbj| Pzw³i m‡½ GKUv mvBW †jUvi _vKj, evsjv‡`k †bcvj‡K Pzw³i g‡a¨ Avb‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Avbv n‡e, Zv wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| Z…Zxq Ask n‡”Q, wZb eQi ci cÖevn e„w×i cÖ —ve ch©v‡jvPbv Ges cieZx© yÕeQ‡i Zv ev —evqb| cÂg eQ‡i Gme c`‡¶c m‡š—vlRbK n‡j Pzw³i †gqv` evov‡bvi K_v wPš—v Kiv hv‡e| fviZ 1977 mv‡j evsjv‡`k‡K †evSvj, 82 mvj †_‡K †Zv cvwb evo‡Z _vK‡e| d‡j Pzw³‡Z Dwj−wLZ b~¨bZg cÖevn A‡bK †e‡o hv‡e| Avgiv †evKvi g‡Zv Zv‡Z ¯^v¶i Kijvg| cuPvË‡ii †cÖm wiwj‡Ri RvqMvq 77-G GKUv GwMÖ‡g›U cvIqv †Mj| wKš‘ cuvP eQi ci Kx n‡e, Zv kZ©ve× n‡q †Mj| hw` cÖevn e„w× m‡š—vlRbK nq, Zvn‡jB cvwb evov‡bv n‡e| †hb cuvP eQ‡ii Rb¨ Avgiv b`x fvov wbjvg| gvwjK PvB‡j cuvP eQi ci †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨| Nv‡o eªþ‰`Z¨ wn‡m‡e Pvcj cÖevn evov‡bvi `vq `vwqZ¡| Õ74 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi cÖ —v‡e ejv n‡qwQj, cvwb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Av‡M yÕ†`‡ki Ask P‚ovš— Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ Õ77-G wM‡q ejv nj, cÖevn e„w× m‡š—vlRbK n‡jB †Kej Pzw³ bevqb Kiv n‡e| kZ© eis Ggb nIqv DwPZ wQjÑ Ab¨ Pzw³ bv nIqv ch©š— eZ©gvb Pzw³ Pj‡Z _vK‡e| Pzw³ Abyhvqx cvwbeÈb Pjj| Pzw³i wØZxq Ask wb‡q `yÕ†`‡k Av‡jvPbv ïi” nj| Avgv‡ì cÖ¯—v‡e †bcvj KwgwU ˆZwi nj| evsjv‡`k PvBj †Mvovi w`‡KB †bcvj‡K hy³ Ki‡Z| fviZ ZLb ejj, Avgv‡ì †bcv‡j hvIqvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK? fviZ wÎcvw¶K Av‡jvPbvq ivwR nj bv| Zviv gvicüv‡P †bcvj KwgwU‡K AKvh©Ki K‡i †djj| †bcvj‡K hy³ Kivi cwie‡Z© fviZ GKUv wjsK K¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g eªþcy‡Îi cvwb †U‡b Avbvi bZzb cÖ —ve w`j| 210 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN©, AvovB wK‡jvwgUvi cÖk — I 30 dz‡Ui †ewk Mfxi K¨v‡bj ev eo AvKv‡ii LvjwU Avmvg †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki iscyi-w`bvRcy‡ii †fZi w`‡q cwðg w`bvRcyi, gvj`v n‡q dviv°vq †cŠuQ‡e| Avmvg, evsjv‡`k I cwðge‡½ 70 wK‡jvwgUvi K‡i co‡e| †mUv w`‡q GKUv hy×RvnvRI mn‡R †h‡Z cvi‡e| `yÕcv‡k †h gvwU †djv n‡e, Zv‡Z Kvh©Z gvwUi cvnvo ˆZwi n‡e| LvjwU _vK‡e fvi‡Zi wbqš¿‡Y| eªþcy‡Îi Ae¯’vB ev Kx ùvov‡e? Avgiv 8-9wU c‡q‡›U Gi we‡ivwaZv Kijvg| 1980-82 mv‡j A‡bK Av‡jvPbv nj; wKš‘ KviI cÖ —v‡e †KD ivwR nj bv| Õ83 mv‡j fviZ Pzw³ bevq‡b ivwR nj bv| AcwicK¡Zvi Kvi‡Y Õ77 mv‡ji Pzw³ K‡i Avgiv gvi †Ljvg| M½v †h Awfbœ b`x, †mUv cÖgvY KivUvB ZLb mgm¨v n‡q uvov‡jv|

200| b`x

†kL †ivKb: ZviciI Av‡jvPbv †Zv PjwQj... AvBbyb wbkv: Avgvi PZz_© †dBR †mUv wb‡qB| Õ77-Gi Pzw³ bevqb bv nIqvq fviZ 1983 mv‡ji ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g Avgv‡ì G‡Kev‡iB cvwb †`qwb| Zviv b`xi Ici GKZidv wbqš¿YI cÖwZôv Kij| Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k bZzb mvgwiK kvmK ¶gZv `Lj K‡i‡Qb| wZwb I Zvi K‡b©j ciivóªgš¿x w`j−xi AbyMÖn jv‡f AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| Zviv mg‡SvZvq †cŠuQ‡jb, Õ77-Gi Pzw³‡Z M½vi cÖevn e„w×i cÖ —v‡ei g‡a¨ †hUv ev —evqb‡hvM¨, Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv †nvK Ges ev —evq‡bi KvR nv‡Z †bqv †nvK| GUv nj M½v wb‡q y'†`‡ki ga¨Kvi Z…Zxq Pzw³| Gevi ^v¶wiZ nj mg‡SvZv ¯§viK| Zv‡Z ejv nj, Õ77 mv‡ji Pzw³ AbyhvqxB Õ84 I Õ85 mv‡j cvwb fvMvfvwM Pj‡e| GKB m‡½ Õ77-Gi Pzw³i cÖ —ve ev —evq‡bi †Póv Pj‡e| Av‡jvPbvq AMÖMwZ n‡j mg‡SvZvi †gqvÌ evo‡e| Gevi Av‡jvPbv ïi” nj mwPe ch©v‡q, †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb bq| fviZ ejj, `yÕ†`‡k mivmwi Av‡jvPbv nIqv DwPZ| Avgiv AveviI †bcvj‡K hy³ Ki‡Z ejjvg| Zviv ejj, GUv ev¯—evq‡b A‡bK mgq jvM‡e| KviY †bcv‡ji m‡½ G e¨vcv‡i Pzw³ Ki‡Z n‡e| eis eªþcyÎ †_‡KB cvwb Avbv †nvK| evsjv‡`k ivwR n‡jB n‡q hv‡”Q| me‡P‡q eo K_v, Zv‡ì g‡Z †Kej Zv‡ì cÖ¯—veB ev —evqb‡hvM¨| Avevi Avgiv K_vi gvic uv‡P gvi †Ljvg| GB K‡i yÕeQi cvi nj| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z 1985 mvj cvi n‡Z Pjj| IB eQ‡ii †kl w`‡K nj Av‡iKwU mg‡SvZv ¯§viK| Gevi wZb eQi †gqv`x| A_©vr Pvi b¤î Pzw³| 1986 mv‡j †di Av‡jvPbv ïi” n‡j Avgiv ejjvg, †bcv‡ji e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— wb‡ZB n‡e| BwZg‡a¨ †bcvj I fviZ wØcvw¶K Av‡jvPbv ïi” K‡i‡Q| Avgiv ejjvg, wØcvw¶K IB Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv Dcw ’Z _vK‡Z cvwi| fviZ ivwR nj| †Uwe‡ji GKcv‡k †bcvj, Ab¨cv‡k fviZ-evsjv‡`k| †bcv‡j Rjvavi wbg©v‡Yi cÖ¯—ve †`qv nj| fviZ I evsjv‡`k GK‡Î Awfbœ cÖ¯—ve †`qvi e`‡j GKB cÖ¯—ve Avjv`vfv‡e I G‡Ki ci GK mgvš—ivjfv‡e w`j| Gevi ïi” nj Ab¨ †Ljv| †bcvj Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Z_¨ PvBj Ges †mUv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z AviI wZb eQi cvi n‡q †Mj| G mgq GKUv KvR nj, Avgv‡ì †b‡Mvwm‡qkb‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv †MjÑ cvwb fvMvfvwM, cÖevn e„w× Ges me Awfbœ b`xi cvwbeÈb| wZb eQi ci ivR‰bwZK ch©v‡q wKQy bv n‡jI KvwiMwi ch©v‡q A‡bK Z_¨-DcvË wewbgq nj| Avgiv †bcv‡j Kx Ki‡Z PvB, Iiv fvi‡Z Kx Ki‡Z Pvq BZ¨vw`| Avgiv †h‡nZz cÖkœ Zz‡jwQjvg, eªþcyÎ †_‡K Avbvi g‡Zv cvwb †Kv_vq? Zviv w`ns, myebwQwo I wZcvBgy‡L wZbwU Rjvavi wbg©v‡Yi cÖ¯—ve K‡i| G wZb Rjvavi K‡e, Kxfv‡e wbg©vY Kiv n‡e Ges eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Avbvi m‡½ Gi m¤úK© KxÑ †mme welq Aek¨ Zviv AvRI ¯úó K‡iwb|

b`x| 201

†kL †ivKb: Õ88 mv‡ji ciI Avgiv wK cvwb cvw”Qjvg? †c‡j †mUv Kxfv‡e eÈb nw”Qj? Õ77 mv‡ji dgy©jv Abyhvqx, bv bZzb †Kvbfv‡e? AvBbyb wbkvZ: 1988 mv‡ji ci 1996 ch©š— yÕ†`‡ki g‡a¨ Avi †Kvb Pzw³ wQj bv| Z‡e Zviv †gŠwLKfv‡e Avk¦ — K‡iwQj, Pzw³ _vK‡j †h cwigvY cvwb †cZvg, Ggwb‡ZI ZvB cve| Avgiv †ZgbB †c‡qwQ| wKš‘ IB my‡hv‡M fviZ Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e iUv‡jv, evsjv‡`k hZUzKz cvwb cvIqvi †mUv cv‡”Q| †Kej fviZwe‡ivwaZvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Awf‡hvM †Zvjv n‡”Q| we‡k¦ fvi‡Zi K_v wek¦vm Kivi g‡Zv †jv‡Ki msL¨v ¯^fveZB †ewk| G mgqUv‡K Avwg cÂg †dBR ej‡Z PvB| hv‡nvK, 1988 †_‡K Õ96 ch©š— A‡bK Av‡jvPbv nj| Gikv‡ì mgqUv‡Z ciivóªgš¿x wQ‡jb Avwbmyj Bmjvg gvngy | ZviI Av‡M wZwb cvwbm¤ú` gš¿x wQ‡jb| wZwb K‚U‰bwZK ch©v‡q welqwU wb‡q D‡`¨vMx n‡jb| Gme Av‡jvPbvi Aek¨ wjwLZ iƒc †bB| ciivóª `dZ‡ii fvlvq G ai‡bi Av‡jvPbv‡K ejv nq bb-†ccvi| †h †Kvb c¶B †h †Kvb mgq G Av‡jvPbvi Aw —Z¡ A ^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv mg‡SvZviB †UKwbK| mvgwMÖKfv‡e P‚ovš— mg‡SvZv Qvov Av‡jvPbvi AMÖMwZ wb‡q †Kvb evaëvaKZv _vK‡e bv| Õ88 †_‡K Õ92 ch©š— G cÖwµqv A‡bK `~i AMÖmi nq| IB ch©v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv I fviZxq cÖavbgš¿x biwmgnv ivI‡qi aviYv nj, welqwU KvwiMwi ch©v‡q Avi ivLv hv‡e bv| A_©vr cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq †_‡K †ei K‡i ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡q wb‡Z n‡e| ZLb `yB †`‡ki ciivóª mwPeÑ evsjv‡`‡ki dvi”K †mvenvb I fvi‡Zi mvjgvb nvq`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU Uv¯‹‡dvm© MwVZ nq| Uv¯‹‡dvm© w`j−x‡Z cÖ_g ywU mfv K‡i miKvicÖavb‡ì mvi-ms‡¶c Rvbvq| Z…Zxq mfv XvKvq nq| †mLv‡b 1994-95 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GKUv Lmov iƒc‡iLvi e¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ nq| wKš‘ ivR‰bwZKfv‡e LvwbKUv Sv‡gjvq wQj `yÕ miKviB| bb †ccviwU‡Z †ek AMÖMwZ n‡jI GKmgq Zv D‡e hvq| IB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z `yÕ†`‡kB ¶gZvi cvjve`j N‡U| 1996 mv‡j bZzb `yÕ miKvi g‡b Kij, `ª”Z GKUv mgvav‡b †cuŠQv †h‡Z cv‡i| fvi‡Z cÖwZwU ivR‰bwZK `j Ges ivR¨ wn‡m‡e cwðge½‡K G cÖwµqvq m¤ú„³ Kiv nj| Gm‡ei wfwË‡Z 1996 mv‡j `yÕ†`‡k GKUv wUªwU n‡jv| wUªwU n‡”Q nvB‡q÷ dg© Ae GwMÖ‡g›U weUzBb Uz Kvw›UªR| A_©vr `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i m‡e©v”P dg© ev KvVv‡gv| GUvB nj cÂg Pzw³ hv AvRI ejer Av‡Q| fviZxq msm‡` yB-Z…Zxqvsk msL¨vMwiôZvq GUv cvm Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Avgvi wnmv‡ei lô †dBR ïi” nq 1996 mv‡ji Pzw³i ci| Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k `yÕevi miKvi cv‡ë‡Q| `xN©‡gqv‡ì GKwU ZË¡veavqK miKviI

202| b`x

¶gZvq †_‡K‡Q| wKš‘ cvwbeÈb Bmy ‡Z GKB avivevwnKZv Pj‡QÑ †mB cÂvk `k‡Ki| †kL †ivKb: 1996 mv‡ji Pzw³I †Zv 30 eQi †gqv‡ì| G‡Z Õ77 mv‡ji g‡ZvB AgxgvswmZ †_‡K †Mj M½vi cvwbeÈb Bmy¨wU| Dciš‘ M¨vivw›U K¬R bv _vKvqI Pzw³wU mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv Rvwb, AvcwbI IB Pzw³ ^v¶i cÖwµqvq hy³ wQ‡jb| GLb Avcbvi gZ Kx? AvBbyb wbkvZ: 1996 mv‡ji Pzw³i wZbwU AskÑ M½vi cvwb eÈb, cÖevn e„w×i cÖ¯—ve I Ab¨vb¨ Awfbœ b`xi cvwb eÈb| 1977 mv‡ji Pzw³‡Z †h M¨vivw›U K¬R wQj, 1982 mv‡j Zv ev` †`qv n‡qwQj| Õ85-i mg‡SvZv ¯§vi‡KI †mUv ev` wQj| myZivs 1996 mv‡j IB K¬R wdwi‡q Avbv m¤¢e wQj bv| Avwg wb‡R RwoZ _vK‡jI eje, 1996 mv‡ji Pzw³i me‡P‡q ye©j w`K n‡”Q 30 eQ‡ii mgqmxgv| cuvP †_‡K 30 eQi n‡q‡Q †Kej| Avgiv †f‡ewQjvg, 30 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ GKUv mg‡SvZvq †cuŠQv hv‡e| BwZg‡a¨B 14 eQi †K‡U †M‡Q| Avwg g‡b Kwi, GLb †_‡KB cvwbeÈb Bmy¨wU ivR‰bwZKfv‡e mvg‡b Avb‡Z n‡e| ZvwMÙv evsjv‡`‡ki c¶ †_‡KB †`Lv‡Z n‡e| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c‡¶ RbgZ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| GLbI welqwU wb‡q Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ †bwZevPK g‡bvfveB cÖej| M½vi cvwbeÈb msµvš— Av‡jvPbvi `xN© eY©bvi ga¨ w`‡q Avwg Avm‡j †evSv‡Z †P‡qwQ, ivR‰bwZK w`K †_‡K bv GwM‡q ïay KvwiMwi w`K †_‡K G ai‡bi Bmy¨‡Z G¸‡bv Am¤¢e| AZx‡Z hLbB ivR‰bwZK D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q, wVK ZLbB Avgiv GKUv mg‡SvZvq †cŠuQ‡Z †c‡iwQ| Z‡e meB n‡q‡Q ¯^í †gqv`x, GLb ìKvi GKUv ¯’vqx mgvavb| †kL †ivKb: wZ¯—vi cvwbeÈb KZUv GwM‡q‡Q? AvBbyb wbkvZ: wZ¯—vi †¶‡Î Ae¯’v AviI Ki”Y, RwUjZv A‡bK †ewk| b`xwU‡Z el©vKv‡j cvwb cÖPzi| wKš‘ kxZKv‡j Pvi-cuvP nvRvi wKD‡m‡K †b‡g Av‡m| fviZ Lvj †K‡U wZ —vi cvwb gvj`vi KvQ ch©š— †U‡b wb‡”Q| LvjwUi K¨vcvwmwU 16 nvRvi wKD‡mK| kxZKv‡j b`x‡Z †gvU cvwb _v‡K 5 nvRvi wKD‡mK| Zviv GKUv my ~icÖmvix cwiKíbv †_‡K 16 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwbi Lvj KvU‡Z †P‡q‡Q| †m‡¶‡Î Zviv Avgv‡ì cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Q| †njwmswK cÖ‡UvK‡ji wewfbœ dgy©jvq †dj‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Avgiv MZvbyMwZKfv‡e mgvb mgvb fvMvfvwM †P‡qwQ| Zviv wZ¯—v‡K M½vi Av`‡j †dj‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ wZ¯—v M½v †_‡K wfbœ, cÖwZ‡ek wfbœ, †bŠ PjvPj †bB, Zv‡ì e¨vivR Av‡Q, Avgv‡ìI Av‡Q| DRv‡b AviI 5-6wU W¨vg Av‡Q| welqwU me wgwj‡q RwUj|

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†kL †ivKb: mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wZ¯—vi cvwb eÈb wb‡q wKQzUv AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q †eva nq| cÎ-cwÎKvq wi‡cvU© Av‡Q †h Lye wkMMwin wZ —v wb‡q GKUv myivnv n‡Z cv‡i| AvBbyb wbkvZ: M½vi †¶‡Î Av‡jvPbv ïi” n‡qwQj 1951 mv‡j| wZ¯—vi †¶‡Î m¤¢eZ GK eQi ciÑ 1952 mv‡j| wZ —v cÖKíwU P~ovš— Kiv n‡qwQj e„wUk Avg‡j 1944-45 mv‡j| †`k fv‡Mi ci `yB †`k Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e cÖKí MÖnY K‡i| Avgiv hw` AeevwnKv wfwËK cÖKí MÖnY Ki‡Z cviZvg Zvn‡j nqZ GB RwUjZv¸‡jv Kgv‡bv †hZ| Ges †h‡nZz `yB †`‡ki cvwb Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq eQ‡ii K‡qKwU gv‡m cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv Kg _v‡K, †m‡nZz GLv‡b cÖevn e„w×i wPš—v Kiv DwPZ wQj| wKš‘ M½vi †¶‡Î cÖevn e„w× Ki‡Z wM‡q RwUjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q A_©vr wm›`vev‡ì ˆ`‡Zï g‡Zv cÖevn e„w×i PvcwU evsjv‡`‡ki Nv‡o †P‡c e‡mwQj| Abygvb Kwi, †m Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k GLb cÖevn e„w×i K_v ej‡Z AZ¨š— kswKZ †eva K‡i| †h‡nZz Pvwn`vi †P‡q cÖvwß Kg, †m‡nZz `xN© †gqv`xfv‡e G mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z wKQz GKUv fve‡Z n‡e| fvi‡Zi DRv‡b Rjvavi wbg©v‡Yi cÖ¯—ve i‡q‡Q| ¸M‡ji g¨vc ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Zviv B‡Zvg‡a¨ K‡qKwU W¨vg I Rjvav‡ii KvR ïi” K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ DRv‡b Kx n‡”Q, †evaKwi †mwU m¤ú‡K© fvwU G‡Kev‡iB AÜKv‡i| Avkvi K_v n‡”Q `yB †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` welqwUi cÖwZ bRi w`‡q‡Qb| ïb‡Z cvw”Q 2011 mv‡ji g‡a¨ welqwUi GKwU mgvavb n‡e| eZ©gvb Ae ’vq †h cvwb cvIqv hv‡”Q Zv e›U‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU myivnv n‡e| GwU Avgv‡ì Rb¨ AZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRb| KviY, wZ —v eïvRwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q m¤ú~Y© wbR ^ Znwe‡j| GB Li‡Pi d‡j †h AeKvVv‡gv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zvi mwVK Ges myPvi” eënvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z †M‡j cvwbi cÖvc¨Zv m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRbÑ †hwU †Kej Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡jB cvIqv hv‡e| †kL †ivKb: cvwb eÈb Av‡jvPbv cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© KLbI KLbI Awf‡hvM Kiv nq †h Avgiv fvi‡Zi m‡½ wVKgZ †evSvcov ev ì KlvKwl Ki‡Z cvwi bv| wZ¯—v msµvš— †Kvb Pzw³i †¶‡Î †Kvb w`K¸‡jv‡Z bRi †`qv Ri”wi? AvBbyb wbkvZ: M½vi †¶‡Î cvwb e›U‡bi ’vbwU wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q dviv°v e¨vivR| dviv°v e¨vivR evsjv‡`k-fviZ Awfbœ mxgvbv †_‡K 15-16 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b| A_©vr dviv°vq hZUzKz cvwb cvIqv hvq †mUv‡KB eW©v‡i cÖvße¨ cvwbi cwigvY a‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q Ges †mB Abyhvqx cvwbi e›UbwU dviv°vq Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZ¯—vi †¶‡Î RwUjZvUv GB Kvi‡YB| fviZ †hLvb †_‡K cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i MvRj‡Wvevq Aew ’Z e¨vivR †_‡K| †mwU eW©vi †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i| wZ —vi cvwb e›U‡bi †h DcvË cvIqv hvq †mwU A‡bK fvwU‡Z| fvi‡Zi e¨vivR †_‡K

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evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvq Avmvi g‡a¨ †QvU †QvU K‡qKwU b`x Av‡Q| GKwUi bvg wjk Ges Ab¨wU wKk| GQvov wZ —vi cwimsL¨vb Avgvi hZUzKz g‡b c‡o Zv‡Z DRvb Ges fvwUi cÖev‡ni g‡a¨ me mgq wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| cvwb †hb †Kv_vq nvwi‡q hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki †fZ‡i ywU ’v‡b cvwb cwigvc Kiv nqÑ GKwU evsjv‡`‡k e¨vivR Wvwjqv‡Z Ges Ab¨wU Av‡iv fvwU‡Z wZ¯—v †hLv‡b eªþcy‡Îi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Zvi GKUz DRv‡b| G‡¶‡Î g~j mgm¨v n‡”Q `ywU| cÖ_gZ, †Kvb cvwb e›Ub Kiv n‡e Ges cvwbi cwigvc wba©vi‡Y| wØZxqZ GB cwigvc †Kv‡bvfv‡e wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡jI `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ cwigvc Kvh©Ki n‡e DRv‡b fvi‡Zi e¨vivR c‡q‡›U| †h‡nZz †mUv eW©vi †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i †m‡nZz GUv wba©vi‡Y †ek RwUjZv Av‡Q| GQvov wZ —v e¨vivR AeevwnKvq ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g cvwbi weivU msKU †Zv Av‡QB| KviY, G mg‡q cvwb 4/5 nvRvi wKD‡m‡K †b‡g Av‡m| fvi‡Zi e¨viv‡Ri Wvb Zx‡ii Lv‡ji ¶gZv n‡”Q 16 nvRvi wKD‡mK Ges evg Zx‡ii Lv‡ji ¶gZv n‡”Q 6 nvRvi wKD‡mK| A_©vr kxZKv‡j cvwbi cwigvY GZ Kg †h Zv fvi‡Zi Pvwn`vi gvÎ Pvi fv‡Mi GK fvM| Gic‡i Av‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡ki e¨viv‡Ri aviY ¶gZv m¤¢eZ 8 nvRvi wKD‡mK| A_©vr fviZ hw` cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi bvI K‡i Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡k Lv‡ji aviY ¶gZvi A‡a©K cvwb cvIqv †hZ| Zvn‡j cÖkœ n‡jv evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi cÖ‡KŠkjxiv wK fyj cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb? DËiÑ †gv‡UB bv| KviY, yÕ †`‡ki e¨vivR wbwg©Z n‡qwQj el©v †gŠmy‡gi †k‡li w`‡K e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY hLb K‡g Av‡m wKsev _v‡K bv ZLb m¤ú~iK †mP †`qvi Rb¨| Avgiv MZ Pvi/cuvP eQi †_‡K †`LwQ wZ —v e¨vivR †_‡K cÖ Ë m¤ú~iK †m‡Pi Kvi‡Y IB GjvKvq dmj cÖvwß wbwðZ n‡q‡Q Ges ev¤úvi djb n‡q‡Q| A_©vr †m‡Þ¤î-A‡±vei gv‡m Rwg‡Z cvwb w`‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv, GB mgq e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY AZ¨š— Kg, G Kvi‡Y Rwg‡Z cvwb PvB Ges B`vbxs j¶ Kiv hv‡”Q †mB cwigvY Av‡iv K‡g †M‡Q| 2011 mv‡j †Zv e‡UB| G Kvi‡Y Avgiv hw` †m‡Þ¤i-A‡±vei gv‡m cvwb cÖvwß wbwðZ Ki‡Z PvB Zvn‡j cvwb e›U‡bi KvRwU n‡Z n‡e †m‡Þ¤‡ii ïi” †_‡KB| A_P M½vi †¶‡Î cvwb e›Ub ïi” nq Rvbyqvwi †_‡K| A_©vr `yB †`‡ki cvwbi Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq cÖvc¨Zv hLb K‡g hv‡e ZLb †_‡KB e›U‡bi KvR ïi” n‡Z n‡e| GwUI GKwU RwUj welq| KviY, cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ `yB †`k‡KB ivwR n‡Z n‡e| wZ¯—vi †¶‡Î fviZ cvwb †U‡b wb‡q hv‡”Q cwðg w`bvRcyi n‡q G‡Kev‡i M½vi KvQvKvwQ| GUv‡K †Kvbfv‡eB wZ —v AeevwnKv ejv hvq bv| †m Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi eëüZ cvwb Ges evsjv‡`‡ki cvwbi Pvwn`v G `yB‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡k−lY KivI GKUv KwVb KvR| hvB‡nvK b`xwU †h‡nZz AwfbœÑ

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208| b`x

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KviY n‡”Q, `vZv †`k I ms¯’v¸‡jv moK c‡_i cÖwZ †ewk AvMÖnx| wKš—y Avgv‡ì ¯^v_© we‡ePbv Ki‡j, UªvbwR‡Ui †¶‡Î †Zv e‡UB, mvaviY cwien‡bI †bŠ I †ijc‡_i Ici †Rvi †Ìqvi weKí †bB| †kL †ivKb: cvwbeÈb I †bŠ UªvbwR‡Ui evB‡i fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki Awfbœ b`x¸‡jv wb‡q Avi Kx m¤¢vebv †`L‡Z cvb? AvBbyb wbkvZ: Avgiv hw` M½v‡K Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z cviZvg, hw` el©vi cvwb a‡i †i‡L mviv eQi GKUv fv‡jv cÖevn m„wó Ki‡Z cviZvg, Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †fZi †_‡K †QvU †QvU RvnvR †bcv‡j †cŠu‡Q †h‡Z cviZ| †bcv‡j Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`b K‡i fviZ I evsjv‡`‡k mieivn Kiv †hZ| mg‡SvZvi ga¨ w`‡q A‡bK wKQyB Kiv m¤¢e| Gme †¶‡Î †UKwbK¨vwj Kx Kx m¤¢vebv Av‡Q, Kx Kx NvUwZ i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv KvwiMwi Kg©KZ©viv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A_©bxwZweìv Gm‡ei Avw_©K w`K wbiƒcY Ki‡eb| cwi‡ekweìv weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ m¤¢vebv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi wm×vš— ivRbxwZK‡ìB wb‡Z n‡e| †kL †ivKb: b`x fvOb †Zv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mgm¨v e‡UB, Awfbœ b`x¸‡jvi fvOb A‡bK mgq fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ mxgvš— msKUI ˆZwi K‡i| mvaviY b`x fvO‡bi †¶‡Î cvwb Dbœqb †evW©‡K KvwiMwi eë¯’v wb‡Z †`Lv hvq| mxgvš— b`xi fvO‡b †ejvq mgvavb wK? AvBbyb wbkvZ: evsjv‡`k-fviZ mxgvbvi †h AskUzKz‡Z b`xc_ Awfbœ †mLv‡b G ai‡bi mgm¨v †`wL Avgiv| yB †`‡ki mxgv‡š—i m¤¢eZ mv‡o Qq wK‡jvwgUvi GLb ch©š— Püovš— Kiv nqwb| Gi eo GKUv Ask n‡”Q gyûix b`x‡Z A_©vr †dbx AÂ‡j| wm‡j‡Ui jvwVwUjv mn Av‡iv wKQz Ask Av‡Q †Kv_vI GK wK‡jvwgUvi, †Kv_vI Avav wK‡jvwgUvi| GB Ask Qvov evsjv‡`k-fvi‡Zi mxgvbv GKUv mwjW jvBb w`‡q mywbw ©ófv‡e wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| Awfbœ b`x hLb †Kvb Kvi‡Y †f‡O GK †`‡ki mxgvbv †_‡K Av‡iK †`‡ki mxgvbvq †Xv‡K ZLb GKUv G¨vWfvm© cwRk‡bi m„wó nq| †hgb ai”b GKUv b`x †QvU GKwU As‡k c~e©-cwð‡g cÖevwnZ n‡”Q Ges mxgv‡iLv ILv‡b DËi †_‡K `w¶Y eivei| GgZve¯’vq b`x †Kvbw`‡K hv‡”Q Zv mxgv‡iLvi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi Amyweav ˆZwi K‡i bv| †h‡nZz b`xwU c~e©-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z; Zvi GKcvo †f‡O hw` Ab¨w`‡K P‡j Av‡m Zvn‡j b`xwU nq DËi w`‡K hv‡e, A_ev `w¶Y w`‡K hv‡e| mxgv‡iLvUv †h‡nZz DËi-`w¶Y eivei †m‡¶‡Î GLv‡b †Kvb mgm¨v †bB| wKš—y mgm¨v m„wó nq hw` b`xUv DËi-`w¶Y eivei cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K, b`xi IB AskUzKz Ges mxgv‡iLvI hw` DËi-`w¶Y eivei †_‡K _v‡K| a‡i wbjvg

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b`xi gvSLvbUv mxgv‡iLv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡qwQj| GLb b`xUv †Kvb Kvi‡Y †f‡O hw` GKw`‡K P‡j Avmv ïi” nq Zvn‡j Kx n‡e? ai”b b`xi c~e© w`KUv evsjv‡`k Ges cwðg w`KUv fviZ| KL‡bv b`xi GKUv euvK fvO‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j b`xUv hw` c~e© w`‡K wKQz As‡k †f‡O Av‡m, †m‡¶‡Î b`xUv cÖK…Z c‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki wfZ‡i Xy‡K †M‡jv| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i b`xi `yB ZxiB evsjv‡`‡ki wfZ‡i Ae ’vb Ki‡Q Zvn‡j b`xUvi cwðg Zx‡i †ek wKQz Ask †_‡K †M‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki f~-LÊ| GB f~-LÊUv‡KB Avgiv ejwQ G¨vWfvm© cwRkb| NUbvUv wKš—y fvi‡Zi †¶‡ÎI NU‡Z cv‡i| †kL †ivKb: we‡kî Ab¨vb¨ †`‡kI wbðqB G ai‡bi msKU †`Lv †`q| AvBbyb wbkvZ: †hme †`‡k b`xi †Kvb GK cvk w`‡q iv‡óªi mxgv‡iLv Uvbv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b G ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡ZB cv‡i| Avwg mxgv‡iLv wb‡q Gai‡bi mgm¨v †`‡LwQ hy³ivóª Ges †gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨| wiIMÖvÛ b`x a‡i hy³ivóª Ges †gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨ cÖvq nvRvi wK‡jvwgUvi Kgb mxgv‡iLv Av‡Q| mxgv‡iLvUv wKš—y evsjv‡`k-fvi‡Zi g‡aÏ †hgb mwjW, (A_©vr GUv KL‡bv bo‡ebv) hy³ivóª-†gw·‡Kvi †¶‡ÎI ZvB wQj| wKš—y cieZx©‡Z b`x †f‡O hLb †gw·‡Kvi w`‡K †M‡Q, ZLb †gw·‡Kvi A_©‰bwZK Ae ’v fv‡jv wQj bv e‡j Zviv †Kvb eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš—y †f‡O hLb hy³iv‡óªi w`‡K Avm‡Zv, ZLb hy³ivóª b`x kvmb K‡i b`xUv‡K Av‡Mi Ae ’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡Zv| welqwU wb‡q Dfq †`‡ki g‡a¨ eo ai‡bi g‡bvgvwjb¨ wQj| wKš—y eQi wZwik-Pwj−k Av‡M Zviv b`x msµvš— e¨cv‡i Dfq †`‡ki g‡a¨ weivRgvb g‡bvgvwjb¨ ~i Kivi wm×vš— †bq| ZLb Zviv wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i yBk eQi Av‡M hLb mxgvbv wbav©wiZ n‡qwQj b`xwU‡K †V‡j Zviv wVK †mB Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q hv‡e| GKB mgm¨v Avwg †`‡LwQ jvIm Ges _vBj¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨| †gKs b`xi GK cv‡o _vBj¨vÛ, Ab¨ cv‡o jvIm Ges Zv‡ì ivRavbx wf‡qbwZ‡qb| †mLv‡b `yB †`kB b`x kvm‡bi gva¨‡g b`xi Ae ’vbUv‡K wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| †kL †ivKb: Avgiv Kx Ki‡Z cvwi? AvBbyb wbkvZ: b`xwU‡K wVK ivLv A_©vr cÖK…Z c‡¶ b`xwU †h avivq cÖevwnZ nw”Qj †mB aviv eRvq ivLvB n‡e hyw³ msMZ e¨vcvi| G‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`k-fvi‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Lye yt‡Li mv‡_ Avgiv GKUv welq j¶ Kwi| welqwU n‡”Q GB wel‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Ges Kx c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e Zv wVK Kivi `vwqZ¡ †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb Z_v cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i| Avgvi hZ`~i g‡b c‡o Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv wm×vš— Av‡QÑ Dfq †`k Ggb eë ’v wb‡Z cvi‡e hv‡Z b`xi cÖevn g~j cÖev‡n Ae ’vb K‡i| A_©vr b`x †f‡O KL‡bv evsjv‡`‡kI XyK‡e bv,

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Avevi fvi‡ZI XyK‡e bv| A_©vr mxgv‡iLvUv‡K Zvi wb‡Ri RvqMvq A¶zYœ ivLv n‡e| wKš‘ Avgiv j¶ K‡iwQ fvi‡Zi w`‡K Ôb`xi cvo i¶v cÖKíÕ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| b`xi cvo hv‡Z bv fv‡O GB cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g †mB eë¯’v Zviv K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K GB KvRUv wKš—y Avgiv wVK g‡Zv Ki‡Z cvwiwb| cvwb Dbœqb †evW©‡K †Ìqv we‡kl K‡i gyûix b`xi fvOb †VKv‡bvi KvR Avwg gv‡V wM‡q cwi`k©b K‡iwQ| cwiw¯’wZ †`‡L Avgvi Lye j¾v †j‡M‡Q Ges `ytL n‡q‡Q| KviY, †mLv‡b wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avgiv b`xwU‡K cÖK…Z Ae ’v‡b a‡i ivL‡Z cvwiwb| b`xwU †V‡j µgk evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvi wfZi w`‡K Xy‡K co‡Q| †h‡nZz ILv‡b GLbI mxgvbv wbav©iY nqwb, hLb n‡e ZLb †ek wKQz RwUjZv †`Lv †`‡e| †kL †ivKb: BwZg‡a¨ RwUjZv †`Lv w`‡Z ïi” K‡i‡Q| AvBbyb wbkvZ: nu v, Gi GKwU wm‡j‡Ui eW©v‡i Zvgvwej AÂ‡j| †mLv‡b cv_i msMÖnKvixiv Ggbfv‡e cv_i Zzj‡Q †h Gi djkÖ”wZ‡Z b`xUv µgk evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K P‡j Avm‡Q| b`xwU evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K P‡j Avm‡jI mxgvbv wKš—y Av‡Mi RvqMv‡ZB †_‡K †M‡Q| wKš—y b`xi `yB K‚j hLb evsjv‡`‡ki †fZ‡i P‡j Av‡m, ZLb b`xi Aci †h AskUzKz fvi‡Zi mv‡_ jvMvjvwM n‡q Av‡Q A_©vr Av‡M †h AskUzKz evsjv‡`‡ki wQj, evsjv‡`‡ki f~-LÊ nIqv m‡Ë¡I †mB As‡ki Dci Avgiv `Lj nvivw”Q| Le‡ii KvM‡R Avgiv cÖvqB †`wL fviZxq K…lKiv evsjv‡`‡ki Rwg‡Z Pvl Ki‡Q| weGmGd Zv‡ì‡K cÖ‡UKkb w`‡”Q Ges wewWAvi GUv wb‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v-evZ©v ej‡Q, cZvKv êVK Ki‡Q| Avgvi e³e¨ n‡”Q, êV‡Ki cwie‡Z© b`x‡K 1947 mv‡j †h Ae¯’v‡b wQj †mB Ae¯’v‡b wdwi‡q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| †kL †ivKb: KvRwU Kxfv‡e n‡e? yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q n‡e Kxfv‡e? AvBbyb wbkvZ: fviZ †Kvb mgqB PvB‡ebv †h b`xwU‡K Avgiv Avevi GK cv‡k mivB| KviY, b`xUv hZUzKz †f‡O‡Q evsjv‡`k As‡k hw` †Kvbfv‡e Avgiv b`xUv‡K ZZUzKz cyk Kivi †Póv Kwi, Zvi cÖwZwµqv wKš—y fvi‡ZI n‡Z cv‡i| Avwg GB AvksKv‡K Ag~jK ejwQ bv| wKš‘ Avwg ejwQ, Avgv‡ì‡K MvwYwZK Ges †fŠZ g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i `yB †`‡ki we‡klÁ‡ì mgš^‡q MwVZ KwgwUi gva¨‡g b`xwU‡K g~j RvqMvq †diZ wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Xy‡K‡Q †mLvb †_‡K †V‡j Avevi Av‡Mi Ae¯’v‡b w`‡Z n‡e| KvRwU Kivi mgq GKwU welq j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e b`xUv †hb Avevi fvi‡Zi wfZ‡i Xy‡K bv c‡o|

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