CWN TRI 7 PEMBERTON CariWatNet Caroni River Nariva Swamp

7/29/2019 CWN TRI 7 PEMBERTON CariWatNet Caroni River Nariva Swamp

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OVERVIEW
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The University of the West Indies (UWI)

Faculty of Science and Agriculture

The School of Agriculture

Predecessor The Imperial

college of Tropical Agriculture

(1928)

Publishes the international

journal

Tropical Agriculture

Has provided a leadership rolein Tropical Agriculture 82 years
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Objective of the School

Transformation of Agriculture from a plantation-basedsystem to a modern Agricultural system towards:

1. Food and nutritional security of the Caribbean region.

2. Develop Sustainable livelihoods in Agriculture for the people ofthe Caribbean.




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Educational programmes

BSc Agriculture

BSc Agribusiness Management

BSc Human Ecology (Nutritional Sciences etc)

MSc Tropical Commodity Utilisation

MSc Marketing and Agribusiness

MSc Rural Development (distance)

MSc Animal Science and Production

M.PhilsPhDs




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UWI Mission

assist in the transformation of Agriculture

Agriculture in the Caribbean should be

Strategic, forward thinking

Knowledge-driven and Technology based

Farms should be restructured into

a modern,

intensive,

technology based

sustainable outfits

that are less menial, and more attractive to the young


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Introduction

Research in the Department ofAgricultural Economics and

Extension addresses current issuesin the agricultural sector of Caribbeancountries with the objective ofmaking a contribution towards thedevelopment and transformation ofagriculture.


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Areas of Teaching & Research

Agricultural Economics

Agribusiness and Entrepreneurship

Human Ecology (Home Economics,

Nutrition and Dietetics)

Agricultural Extension, Communicationand Outreach

DAEE A Unique Blend of Skills


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CariWatNet Project
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Watershed

In Trinidad and Tobago watersheds aresub- divided into smaller catchmentsaccording to topography.


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Watershed Areas In Trinidad

These areas are:

Caroni,

North Oropouche, Navet,

Ortoire,

South Oropouche Rivers and theirassociated wetland/ swamps.


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In Trinidad two watersheds will be studiedwhich are strongly influenced by

deforestation and

its indirect effects such as high uses ofagrochemicals on agriculture sites whichformerly were forestland. In the lastdecades as well strong reforestation

efforts took place.


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Watersheds

The Two Watershed are:

Caroni River

Nariva Swamp (lagoon)


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Caroni and Nariva Rivers

The rivers supports life such as:

Plankton,

manatee, fish

crab, conch

waterfowl such as herons, gulls andegrets.


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The rivers provide water for:

game animals such as lappe, deer, agouti

non game animals such as howlermonkey, porcupine, ocelot and squirrel,

small rodents,

Bats, insects such as damseliflies and dragon

flies.


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There is large scale agriculture on thealluvial flood plains of Caroni and Nariva.


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Major threats to the management of

watershed ecosystems

Industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution,

Soil erosion,

Deforestation,

Habitation on steep slopes,

Annual bush and forest fires,

Indiscriminate and unplanned construction.


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Major threats to the management ofwatershed ecosystems

Flooding, poor drainage and maintenance,

Pressure on land for housing and poor landpractices,

Reduced crop and land productivity,

Poor systems of logging,

Over abstraction from surface and

groundwater sources.

Instit tions in ol ed in ater


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Institutions involved in watermanagement

Institution Mandate

Water andSewageAuthority-public utilities

Mandated to manage, plan and regulate the multi sectoraluse of water, development of sewage and water facilities.

Water resource agency- deals with hydrological data andconcessions for water withdrawal.

Ministry ofWorks andTransport

Charged with the construction and maintenance ofphysical infrastructure, drainage and flood control andriver basin planning exercises.

Institutions involved in water


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Institutions involved in watermanagement

Institution Mandate

Ministry ofPlanning andDevelopment

Mandated to regulate land use.

The Environmental Management Authority (EMA)- environmental, land and water pollution monitoring.

Ministry ofAgricultureLand andMarineResources

(MALMR)

Management planning, land administration, land and waterdevelopment and irrigation systems.


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National Legislation

There is no Protective Area System per se

except the Ramsar Convention

( protection of wetlands).

There are instruments for protection of

some of these watershed areas such as theForest and Nature Reserve areas.


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National Legislation

The following pieces of national legislationhave relevance to the management of theWatershed in Trinidad and Tobago.


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State Lands Act, Chapter 57:01

The State Land Act empowers theCommissioner of State Lands to manageall State Lands.

The Act gives the Commissioner theauthority to prevent squatting andencroachment upon State Lands and thespoil and injury to the woods and forest ofsuch lands.


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The Forests Act, Chapter 66:01

The Forest Act provides for theestablishment of Forest Reserves and is

primarily concernedwith the removal of timber and other forest

products from these Reserves.


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The Forests Act, Chapter 66:01

The Forests Act makes provision for thedeclaration of prohibited areas, and

makes it an offence to enter a prohibitedarea.


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The Conservation of Wildlife Act,Chapter 67:01

Wildlife conservation in Trinidad andTobago is attained primarily through the

Conservation of Wildlife Act.

Its basis lies in the regulation of game

species using a permit system, gamingseasons and wildlife refuges.


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The Conservation of Wildlife Act,Chapter 67:01

The Conservation of Wildlife Act :

provides for the establishment of Game

Sanctuaries in which it is illegal to hunt.

provides for the regulation of hunting.

prohibits hunting during the closed seasonwhich runsfrom April 1 to September 30.


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Environmental Management Actof 2000 (EM Act)

The Environmental Management Act soughtto provide a more comprehensive

framework for addressing the issue ofbiodiversity loss and protection, by the

formulation of guidelines on thedesignation and protection of

environmentally sensitive species andenvironmentally sensitive areas.


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Environmental Management Actof 2000 (EM Act)

The primary goal of designating an areaan Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA)

under the Rules, 2001, is the protectionand conservation of areas representativeof the different ecosystems of the country

and their species diversity.


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Caroni River

Basin


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The Caroni River Basin, thehydrometric area thatencompasses the Caroni

Swamp, is situated in thenorthwestern section of Trinidad.

Introduction :

Caroni River Basin


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The Basin is situated in the northwesternsection of Trinidad between the Northern

Range and Central Range.

The Basin comprises an area of 883.4 km2

equivalent to 22% of the Trinidads landsurface.

Introduction :

Caroni River Basin


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Generally, the topography of the CaroniBasin is flat to undulating, rising to 30 to

50 metres above sea level.

.

Biophysical properties


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The Caroni Basin, in particular the flood

plains consists of alluvium andhydromorphic soils with low permeability,

which inhibits infiltration.

In Trinidad, major flooding occur in theCaroni Basin.

Biophysical properties


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CaroniRiver

The Caroni River is the major river systemwithin the Caroni Basin and has acatchment area of about 600km2.

The Caroni River is the largest river in

Trinidad and Tobago.


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The Caroni River runs for 40 km from itsorigins in the Northern Range on the

island of Trinidad, through the northernlowlands of the Caroni Plains and entersthe Gulf of Paria at the Caroni Swamp.

Caroni River


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Caroni River

The Caroni River and its tributaries drainone of the most densely populated part of

Trinidad, the "East-West Corridor.

It provides most of its drinking water

through the Caroni- Arena Dam.


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Caroni River

Twelve rivers flow into the Caroni River on

its northern side from the Northern Range,and six rivers flow in from the southern sidefrom the Caroni Plain and the northern side

of the Central Range (Phelps, 1997).

COUNTY CARONI NORTH


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COUNTY CARONI NORTH

CHAGUANAS

LONGDENVILLE

LAS LOMAS

EDINBURGH/CARLSEN FIELD

WARRENVILLE

CUNUPIA

S i i f t
http://district%20boundaries%20chaguanas%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20longdenville%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20las%20lomas%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20carlsen%20field%20edinburgh%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20warrenville%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20cunupia%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20cunupia%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20warrenville%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20carlsen%20field%20edinburgh%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20las%20lomas%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20longdenville%202009.ppt/http://district%20boundaries%20chaguanas%202009.ppt/


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Socio-economic factors

Number of PrivateHolders

Gender

Male Female

3564 3088 476

Table Number Of Private Holders By Gender As At July 2004.

S i i f t


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Number ofPrivate

Holders

Ethnic group

African Indian Mixed All other Not

stated

3564 447 2700 393 23 1

Table Number Of Private Holders By Ethnic group As At July2004.

S i i f t


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NumberofParcels

Totalarea(Ha)

Type of Tenure

Owned RentedLease

Squatted Familyland

Rent free Heldotherwise

4831 22,902.1 17155.5 3419.9 924.2 956.1 333.8 112.6

Table Number And Area Of Parcel and Type of Tenure As At July 2004.

S i i f t


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Numberof

Holders

Type of agricultural activity

Crop Livestock Mixed Other

3576 2395 518 655 8

Table Number Of Holders and Type of Agricultural Activities AsAt July 2004.

Socio economic factors


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TotalLivestock

Type of livestock

Cattle Sheep Goat pig Rabbit Poultry OtherLivestock

1,599,074 7601 5059 2955 9621 1120 1,572651 67

Table Inventory Of Poultry And Livestock On All Holdings As At July 2004.

Socio economic factors


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TotalCrops

Type of Crops

Tree crops Non Tree crops

2,701,694.9 2693471 8223.9

Table Number Of Selected Tree Crops And Non Tree CropsUnder Cultivation As At July 2004.

Tree crops: cocoa, coffee, coconut, orange, banana, pineapple

Non tree crops: sugarcane, rice, cabbage, lettuce, hot peppers,pumpkin, tomatoes, watermelon


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PolicyThe food and agriculture policy white paper(MALMR, 1995) described the policies andstrategies for the agricultural sector.It promotes:

development of infrastructure support , establishment of water management

systems on farm irrigation infrastructure.


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Water Management Projects

1950-1970s:

Comprehensive Irrigation Systems for sugarcane and rice production.

Flood damage mitigation and control systems- consisting of Sluice Gates.


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A north /south embankment was created toallow for rice production in the low-lying

swamp areas in Caroni.

The area consisted mainly land south west

of the Caroni and west of the Uriah Butlerhighway.


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2000s :

Mc Nair Estate Project- Pond construction andwells.

Depot Road- Ponds and raw water management.

Carlen Field- Bore wells and electrical waterpumps.


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Issues/Concerns

Closure of Caroni Ltd resulted in irrigation

system/drainage negligence.

Sluice gate system is in disrepair.


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Issues/Concerns

Change in land use due to :

- population expansion- housing and-salt water intrusion.


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Issues/Concerns

Flooding in the wet season ,(July toDecember) throughout the low lying area ofthe watershed catchment area.

Drought conditions during the dry season( January to June) with the lack of irrigation

infrastructure and lowered poor waterquality.


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Nariva Swamp


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Introduction: Nariva Swamp

The Nariva catchment occupies the eastern thirdof the Nariva hydrometric area. The drainagebasin has a total area of 461 km2 and receives

approximately 2000 mm to 2800 mm of rainfallper annum.

It is drained by several rivers, which emanate

from the Central Range and discharge throughthe Nariva Swamp into the Atlantic Ocean.


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Introduction: Nariva Swamp contd

The major of these rivers the Navet, has adrainage area of 65 km2. These rivers flowfrom elevations in excess of 150 m in their

upper catchments, along moderate togentle slopes on the southern flank of theCentral Range.


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Video presentation

onNariva Swamp


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The End.

Thank you !!!

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CWN TRI 7 PEMBERTON CariWatNet Caroni River Nariva Swamp